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Research supported by New Hampshire-INBRE through an Institutional Development Award (IDeA), P20GM103506, from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the NIH Steven Finnell, Victoria Vargas, Alexandra Duddy, Cole Dorman, Abigail Garnhart, Yuval Barak, Dr. Laura Christoph INSPIRE Lab, Department of Health Sciences, Franklin Pierce University, Rindge, NH, USA Maple Syrup: A Sustainable Pre-Workout Energy Source for Female Collegiate Soccer Players NH-INBRE INTRODUCTION REFERENCES 1. Byars A, Greenwood M, Greenwood L, Simpson W. 2006. The Effectiveness of a Pre-Exercise Performance Drink (PRX) on Indices of Maximal Cardiorespiratory Fitness. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 3(1):56-59. 2. Burke LM, Hawley JA, Wong SH, Jeukendrup AE. 2011. Carbohydrates for training and competition. Journal of Sports Sciences. 29(1):17–27. 3. Thomas DT, Erdman KA, Burke LM. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine: Nutrition and Athletic Performance. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition & Dietetics. 2016;116(3):501-528. doi:10.1016/j.jand.2015.12.006. 4. Philp A, Hargreaves M, Baar K. More than a store: regulatory roles for glycogen in skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise. American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2012;302(11):E1343-E1351. doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00004.2012. 5. Byars A, Keith S, Simpson W, Mooneyhan A, Greenwood M. 2010. The influence of a pre-exercise sports drink (PRX) on factors related to maximal aerobic performance. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2010 7:12. CONCLUSIONS & FUTURE RESEARCH The intake of 25 g of readily available carbs (maple syrup) can improve the peak running speed and peak oxygen consumption during a graded exercise test at glycogen-depleted status. METHODS Stage 6 CURRICULUM Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5 3mph 3% grade 3.7mph 3% grade 4.5mph 3% grade 5.2mph 3% grade 6.0mph 3% grade 6.7mph 3% grade 1 min 3 min Figure 1: Modified Heck Protocol (Santos Silva et al.) HYPOTHESIS RESULTS Study Design: Clinical Trials • Randomized • Double-blind • Placebo-controlled An appropriate intake of both nutrients and energy lay the foundation for optimal athletic performance. Research has suggested that exogenous sources of carbohydrates can increase cardiorespiratory performance in a rested and fasted state when ingested prior to exercise (1,5). Carbohydrate use by both anaerobic and oxidative pathways makes it a versatile fuel source for exercise, and availability can be easily manipulated through daily intake and acute supplementation (2,3). Previous studies have shown increased training adaptions and upregulation of transcriptional and post-translational responses to exercise when training in a glycogen depleted state (3,4). It is suggested that the use of a moderate to low glycemic index carbohydrate is optimal for pre-exercise supplementation (1,5). Maple syrup has a moderate glycemic index (GI=51) relative to pure glucose (GI=103), Making this a potentially effective pre-competition carbohydrate supplement. 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 Glycogen Depleted Glycogen Restored VO2max (L/min) Effects of Pre-test Carbohydrates Intake on Peak VO2 at Glycogen-Depleted and Replenished Conditions Experimental Placebo 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 Glycogen Depleted Glycogen Restored Peak Speed (mile per hour) Effects of Pre-test Carbohydrates Intake on Peak Speed at Glycogen-depleted and Replenished Conditions Experimental Placebo Figure 2: Using an independent t-test to compare the mean values of peak VO 2 and peak running speak revealed no statistically significant difference between the experimental and placebo group, in both a glycogen-depleted and a glycogen-restored state (p>0.05). Characteristic Value Age (years) 18.57 ± 0.83 Weight (kg) 63.24 ± 8.32 Height (m) 1.61 ± 0.06 Prior exercise (hrs) GD = minimum 2, R = 0 PARTICIPANTS • Acute supplementation of carbohydrates does not seem to have any relative effect on an athlete’s ability to process and utilize oxygen in a glycogen depleted state in comparison to a rested state. Franklin Pierce University produces its own maple syrup from maple trees found on its campus. In collaboration with maple syrup producers, the university athletic department can use this locally sourced product to provide a sustainable energy source for athletes while simultaneously supporting local agriculture. This study examined the effects of acute carbohydrate supplementation on peak VO 2 and peak speed of athletes performing in a glycogen depleted state (GD) versus a rested state (R). • Peak speed at which subjects were able to perform remained unaffected by acute supplementation of carbohydrates. • Future studies should examine the effects of carbohydrate supplementation of varying glycemic index on athletes under the same glycogen depleted state versus a rested state. Table 1: Participant Demographics (n = 14)

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Page 1: Maple Syrup: A Sustainable Pre-Workout Energy Source for ......INSPIRE Lab, Department of Health Sciences, Franklin Pierce University, Rindge, NH, USA Maple Syrup: A Sustainable Pre-Workout

ResearchsupportedbyNewHampshire-INBREthroughanInstitutionalDevelopmentAward(IDeA), P20GM103506,fromtheNational

InstituteofGeneralMedicalSciencesoftheNIH

StevenFinnell,VictoriaVargas,AlexandraDuddy,ColeDorman,AbigailGarnhart,YuvalBarak,Dr.LauraChristophINSPIRELab,DepartmentofHealthSciences,FranklinPierceUniversity,Rindge,NH,USA

MapleSyrup:ASustainablePre-WorkoutEnergySourceforFemaleCollegiateSoccerPlayers

NH-INBRE

INTRODUCTION

REFERENCES1.Byars A,GreenwoodM,GreenwoodL,SimpsonW.2006.TheEffectivenessofaPre-ExercisePerformanceDrink(PRX)onIndicesofMaximalCardiorespiratoryFitness.JournaloftheInternationalSocietyofSportsNutrition.3(1):56-59.2.BurkeLM,HawleyJA,WongSH,Jeukendrup AE.2011.Carbohydratesfortrainingandcompetition. JournalofSportsSciences.29(1):17–27.3.ThomasDT,ErdmanKA,BurkeLM.PositionoftheAcademyofNutritionandDietetics,DietitiansofCanada,andtheAmerican CollegeofSportsMedicine:NutritionandAthleticPerformance. JournaloftheAcademyofNutrition&Dietetics.2016;116(3):501-528.doi:10.1016/j.jand.2015.12.006.4.PhilpA,HargreavesM,Baar K.Morethanastore:regulatoryrolesforglycogeninskeletalmuscleadaptationtoexercise. AmericanJournalofPhysiology:Endocrinology&Metabolism.2012;302(11):E1343-E1351.doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00004.2012.5.Byars A,KeithS,SimpsonW,Mooneyhan A,GreenwoodM.2010.Theinfluenceofapre-exercisesportsdrink(PRX)onfactorsrelatedtomaximalaerobicperformance.JournaloftheInternationalSocietyofSportsNutrition.2010 7:12.

CONCLUSIONS&FUTURERESEARCH

Theintakeof25gofreadilyavailablecarbs(maplesyrup)canimprovethepeakrunningspeedandpeakoxygenconsumptionduringagradedexercisetestatglycogen-depletedstatus.

METHODS

Stage6

CURRICULUMStage1

Stage2

Stage3

Stage4

Stage5

3mph3%grade

3.7mph3%grade

4.5mph3%grade

5.2mph3%grade

6.0mph3%grade

6.7mph3%grade

1min

3min

Figure1:ModifiedHeckProtocol(SantosSilvaetal.)

HYPOTHESIS

RESULTS

StudyDesign:ClinicalTrials• Randomized• Double-blind• Placebo-controlled

Anappropriateintakeofbothnutrientsandenergylaythefoundationforoptimalathleticperformance.Researchhassuggestedthatexogenoussourcesofcarbohydratescanincreasecardiorespiratoryperformanceinarestedandfastedstatewheningestedpriortoexercise(1,5).Carbohydrateusebybothanaerobicandoxidativepathwaysmakesitaversatilefuelsourceforexercise,andavailabilitycanbeeasilymanipulatedthroughdailyintakeandacutesupplementation(2,3).Previousstudieshaveshownincreasedtrainingadaptionsandupregulationoftranscriptionalandpost-translationalresponsestoexercisewhentraininginaglycogendepletedstate(3,4).Itissuggestedthattheuseofamoderatetolowglycemicindex

carbohydrateisoptimalforpre-exercisesupplementation(1,5).Maplesyruphasamoderateglycemicindex(GI=51)relativetopureglucose(GI=103),Makingthisapotentiallyeffectivepre-competitioncarbohydratesupplement.

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

GlycogenDepleted GlycogenRestored

VO2m

ax(L/m

in)

EffectsofPre-testCarbohydratesIntakeonPeakVO2atGlycogen-DepletedandReplenishedConditions

Experimental Placebo

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

GlycogenDepleted GlycogenRestored

PeakSpe

ed(m

ileperhou

r)

EffectsofPre-testCarbohydratesIntakeonPeakSpeedatGlycogen-depletedandReplenishedConditions

Experimental Placebo

Figure 2: Using an independent t-test to compare the mean values of peak VO2 and peak running speak revealed no statisticallysignificant difference between the experimental and placebo group, in both a glycogen-depleted and a glycogen-restored state (p>0.05).

Characteristic ValueAge(years) 18.57± 0.83Weight(kg) 63.24± 8.32Height(m) 1.61± 0.06Priorexercise(hrs) GD=minimum2,R=0

PARTICIPANTS• Acutesupplementationofcarbohydratesdoesnotseemtohaveany

relativeeffectonanathlete’sabilitytoprocessandutilizeoxygeninaglycogendepletedstateincomparisontoarestedstate.

FranklinPierceUniversityproducesitsownmaplesyrupfrommapletreesfoundonitscampus.Incollaborationwithmaplesyrupproducers,theuniversityathleticdepartmentcanusethislocallysourcedproducttoprovideasustainableenergysourceforathleteswhilesimultaneouslysupportinglocalagriculture.

ThisstudyexaminedtheeffectsofacutecarbohydratesupplementationonpeakVO2 andpeakspeedofathletesperforminginaglycogendepletedstate(GD)versusarestedstate(R).

• Peakspeedatwhichsubjectswereabletoperformremainedunaffectedbyacutesupplementationofcarbohydrates.

• Futurestudiesshouldexaminetheeffectsofcarbohydratesupplementationofvaryingglycemicindexonathletesunderthesameglycogendepletedstateversusarestedstate.

Table1:ParticipantDemographics(n=14)

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