(manufacture of technical grade pesticide and...

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY For the Expansion of Chemical Unit

(Manufacture of Technical grade pesticide

and intermediates)

Plot No A�4/1-2,

SIPCOT Industrial Complex

S.F. Nos: Old No: 173/3, New No: 54

PachayanKuppam village

Cuddalore Taluk

Cuddalore District

By

I S O 9 0 0 1 : 2 0 0 0 Cer t i f i e d Co m p an y

43, 2nd Street Harvey Nagar

Madurai � 625 016.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter#

Title

Page#

1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 1

1.1 Background ........................................................................................ 1

1.2 Need of EIA ........................................................................................ 1

1.3 Objectives of EIA-EMP ......................................................................... 2

1.4 Methodology for EIA-EMP ..................................................................... 2 1.4.1 Assessment of Existing Environmental Quality ......................................................................... 3

2.0 PLANT, PROCESS & POLLUTANTS .......................................................... 4

2.1 Plant Location ..................................................................................... 4

2.2 Products and Production Capacity .......................................................... 9

2.3 By products ........................................................................................ 9

2.4 Raw Materials ................................................................................... 10

2.5 Manufacturing Process ....................................................................... 22

2.6 Plant Layout and list of machineries: ................................................... 42

2.8 Work Force .......................................................................................... 51

2.9 Power Generation and Consumption ........................................................ 51 2.9.1 Raw Water Source................................................................................................................................. 53

2.10 Waste Generation ............................................................................... 53 2.10.1 Wastewater .................................................................................................................................................... 53 2.10.2 Solid Waste ........................................................................................................................................... 54

3.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS .................................................. 55

3.1 Introduction ..................................................................................... 55

3.2 Micrometeorology.............................................................................. 55 3.2.1 Temperature ......................................................................................................................................... 55 3.2.2 Rainfall ..................................................................................................................................................... 56 3.2.3 Relative Humidity ................................................................................................................................ 57 3.2.4 Wind Direction ...................................................................................................................................... 57 3.2.5 Wind Speed ........................................................................................................................................... 57

3.3 Soil Quality ...................................................................................... 71

3.4 Water Quality ................................................................................... 71

3.5 Ambient Air Quality ........................................................................... 75 3.5.1 Frequency and Parameters for Sampling................................................................................... 75

3.6 Noise Environment ............................................................................ 80

3.7 Land use Studies ............................................................................... 83 3.7.1 Objectives .............................................................................................................................................. 83 3.7.2 Methodology .......................................................................................................................................... 83

3.8 Biological Environment....................................................................... 83 3.8.1 Vegetation & Wildlife Impact Analysis ........................................................................................ 83

3.9 Socio-Economic Environment .............................................................. 87 3.9.1 Reconnaissance ................................................................................................................................... 87 3.9.2 Population .............................................................................................................................................. 87 3.9.3 Power and Energy ............................................................................................................................... 87 3.9.4 Agriculture ............................................................................................................................................. 88 3.9.5 Occupation ............................................................................................................................................. 88 3.9.6 Workers .................................................................................................................................................. 88 3.9.7 Others ...................................................................................................................................................... 88 3.9.8 Marginal Workers ................................................................................................................................ 89 3.9.9 Education and Literacy ...................................................................................................................... 89 3.9.10 Transport and Communication ...................................................................................................... 89

4.0 IMPACT ANALYSIS .............................................................................. 91

4.1 Preamble ......................................................................................... 91

4.2 Construction Phase ............................................................................ 91 4.2.1 Land Transportation and Construction ....................................................................................... 92 4.2.2 Land Use ................................................................................................................................................. 92 4.2.3 Water Resources ................................................................................................................................. 92 4.2.4 Air Quality .............................................................................................................................................. 92 4.2.5 Service System .................................................................................................................................... 93 4.2.6 Biological Conditions .......................................................................................................................... 93 4.2.7 Transportation System ........................................................................................................................ 93 4.2.8 Noise ........................................................................................................................................................ 93 4.2.9 Aesthetics ............................................................................................................................................... 93 4.2.10 Community Structure ........................................................................................................................ 93 4.2.11 Accident Risk ........................................................................................................................................ 93 4.2.12 Resources ............................................................................................................................................... 94

4.3 Operational Phase ............................................................................. 94 4.3.1 Land Transportation and Construction ....................................................................................... 94 4.3.2 Land Use ................................................................................................................................................. 94 4.3.3 Water Resources ................................................................................................................................. 96 4.3.4 Water Impact ........................................................................................................................................ 96 4.3.5 Air Environment ................................................................................................................................... 97 4.3.6 Service System .................................................................................................................................... 97 4.3.7 Biological Conditions .......................................................................................................................... 97 4.3.8 Transportation System ..................................................................................................................... 98 4.3.9 Noise Impact ........................................................................................................................................... 98 4.3.10 Aesthetics .............................................................................................................................................. 98 4.3.11 Community Structure ........................................................................................................................ 98 4.3.12 Hazardous .............................................................................................................................................. 99 4.3.13 Resources ............................................................................................................................................... 99

5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................. 100

5.1 Waste Minimization ......................................................................... 100 5.1.1 Management Commitment ............................................................................................................ 100 5.1.2 Raw Material Selection .................................................................................................................... 101

5.2 AIR Environment ................................................................................ 101

5.3 Noise Environment .......................................................................... 102

5.4 Water Environment ......................................................................... 102

5.5 Solid Waste Management ................................................................. 108

5.6 Land Environment ........................................................................... 109

5.7 Socio-Economic Environment ............................................................ 109

5.8 Post-Project Environment Monitoring ................................................. 109

5.9 Control Measures for Safety & Occupational Health ............................. 109

5.10 Greenbelt Development ................................................................. 112 5.10.1 Objectives ............................................................................................................................................ 112 5.10.2 Greenbelt Design .............................................................................................................................. 112

6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT ............................................. 115

6.1 Noise Environment .......................................................................... 115

6.2 Water Environment ......................................................................... 115

6.3 Land Environment ........................................................................... 115

6.4 Socio-Economic Environment ............................................................ 115

LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1 � Meteorological Data ............................................................................... 56

Table 3.2 � Relations among stability classification schemes ....................................... 61

Table 3.3 � AVERAGE MINIMUM TEMPERATURE (oC) FOR DIFFERENT MONTH ............... 62

Table 3.4 � AVERAGE MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (oC) FOR DIFFERENT MONTHS ............. 63

Table 3.5 � MONTHLY RAINFALL DATA ..................................................................... 64

Table 3.6 � MONTHLY MEAN RELATIVE HUMIDITY (%) AT 0830 HOUR ......................... 65

Table 3.7 � MONTHLY MEAN RELATIVE HUMIDITY (%) AT 1730 HOURS ....................... 66

Table 3.8 � MONTHLY AVERAGE WIND SPEED, 24 HRS (KMPH) ................................... 67

Table 3.9 � Soil Quality .......................................................................................... 72

Table 3.10 � Characteristics of Water ....................................................................... 73

Table 3.11�Ambient Air Quality Status (SPM) � April and June 2008 ............................ 76

Table 3.12 �Ambient Air Quality Status (RPM)�April to June 2008................................ 77

Table 3.13�Ambient Air Quality Status (SO2) � April and June 2008 ............................. 77

Table 3.14�Ambient Air Quality Status (NOx) � April and June 2008 ............................. 78

Table 3.15 � Equivalent Day-Night Noise Level Details ............................................... 81

Table 3.16 � Details of Population ............................................................................ 90

Tagros Chemicals India Limited

Chapter I 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

M/s. Tagros Chemicals India Limited (TCIL), located at the

SIPCOT Industrial estate,Pachayankuppam village, Cuddalore district

in the TamilNadu State is a leading manufacturer of technical grade

pesticides and intermediates. TCIL is having the consent of the

TamilNadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB) for the production of D.V.

Acid Chloride, Quinopyramine Sulphate, Cypermethrine / Permethrin /

Alphacypermethrin / Deltamethrin, Oxyclozanide, Hexaconazole /

Propiconazole / Dicamba / Tricyclazole and Metaphenoxy benzyl

alcohol at the rate of 145.75 T/Month. They also have the consent to

produce 2545 T/Month of by products such as hydrochloric acid, spent

sulphuric acid, sodium sulphite solution, sodium sulphite powder,

hydrogen bromide solution and aluminium chloride solution.

The gross assets value of the project cost is 20 crores.

1.2 Need of EIA

Rapid urbanization and industrialization particularly in developing

countries have resulted in a considerable impact on the environment.

During the last few decades there has been a growing realization that

development cannot be sustained unless the environment is

preserved. Hence, Government is making it mandatory that industrial

and other development projects be taken up only after conducting

Environmental Impact Assessment Study of the same. So that, the

quality of the environment is not only preserved but could also be

enhanced. According to the procedures laid down, Tamil Nadu Pollution

Control Board (TNPCB) and Ministry of Environment and Forests

(MoEF), New Delhi is empowered to scrutinize proposals for industrial

projects only if they are accompanied by EIA report. Unless the report

on a proposed project is cleared, the project cannot be implemented.


Chapter I 2

1.3 Objectives of EIA-EMP

The basic objective of EIA-EMP exercise is to minimize adverse impacts

of any development on the environment. Besides fulfilling the legal

requirement for getting environmental clearance from concerned

authorities, the specific objectives of the EIA-EMP are as follows.

To review the current environmental status of the plant site and its

surrounding area and to estimate the pollution that would occur

after the expansion of the plant and its impact on the surrounding

environment.

To suggest EMP including pollution control methods to ensure that

the pollution will be well within the limits prescribed by the CPCB

and TNPCB, and to minimize the adverse environmental impacts of

the plant, so that the quality of environment is not only preserved

but also be enhanced.

To propose a post-project environment-monitoring plan to ensure

that the EMP achieves it�s desired objectives.

1.4 Methodology for EIA-EMP

The methodology is based on existing guidelines and has the following

distinct features.

The existing environmental quality in the project area has to be

assessed.

Potential sources of pollution have to be identified.

Potential environmental impacts have to be identified and assessed

qualitatively. The changes in the quality of environment have to be

identified.

An EMP has to be drawn up to maintain and enhance the

environmental quality around the proposed project area.


Chapter I 3

A post-project environment-monitoring plan has to be suggested to

monitor the changes in environmental quality after the

implementation of the project.

Potential benefits of EIA-EMP have to be discussed.

1.4.1 Assessment of Existing Environmental Quality

In the case of an industrial project almost all components such as air,

water, land, soil, noise, etc., get equally affected. Hence, the existing

quality of environment viz. air, water, land, soil and socio-economics

of the people in the area have been assessed.


Chapter II 4

2.0 PLANT, PROCESS & POLLUTANTS

2.1 Plant Location

The Plant is located at Plot No.A-4/1-2, SIPCOT Industrial Complex, SF

Nos: OldNo: 173/3, New No: 54. Pachayankuppam Village, Cuddalore

Taluk, Cuddalore District, TamilNadu. The site is located about 2 km

away from Cuddalore Old Town and it is in-between the road

connecting Chidambaram and Pondichery. The site is located East

direction of this road. The nearest railway station is Cuddalore. The

location of the site is shown in Fig. 2.1.

Following are the details regarding the proposed site.

a) Archaeological monuments

The location does not have any archaeological monuments in

nearby 10 km radius.

b) Biological resources

It was found during study period that the location is devoid of

any endangered flora and fauna in 10 km radius.

c) Cultural Monuments

This Expansion unit does not have cultural monuments in

nearby 10km radius.

d) Defence

There is no defence installation located within 10 km radius.

e) Employment Generation

This expansion unit generates the employment in the immediate

surroundings of the people who are depending mainly on rain

fed agriculture.


Chapter II 5

f) Highway

The nearest highway is Chidambaram � Pondichery highway.

The setting up of this unit will not harm the traffic and unwanted

settlement in the vicinity of highway.

g) Geography

The location is geographically suitable for setting up of proposed

expansion unit, as the unit will not be disturbed by climatic and

other geographical condition.

h) Transportation facilities

The Industrial site is well connected by road. The important

townships falling within 60 km radius are Cuddalore,

Chidambaram, Pondichery and Pantruti. The nearest railway

station is Cuddalore and airport is Trichy.

i) Socio-economic

This expansion unit will improve the economy at state/national

level.

j) Land use and availability

The plant will be erected in the land already in possession of the

company

k) Meteorology

Both micro and macro meteorology is found to be suitable for

this proposed unit.

l) Natural disaster

The area is devoid of natural disasters like earthquake, cyclone,

landslides etc.


Chapter II 6

m) On-site and off-site emergency buffering capacity

The unit will not use any hazardous substance. Hence the only

disaster of minor nature can be expected, which will be handled

by the work force of the unit without much difficulty.

n) Power

The industry draws power of 1475 KVA from TNEB grid for its

process and non-process usage for the existing purpose. After

expansion the power requirement will be 2700 KVA.

o) Raw material

Raw material is easily available in Cuddalore where many similar

units are already in operation.

p) Sensitive area

The location does not have any sensitive area as identified by

MoEF in 25 km radius.

q) Topography

The topography is plain and will not lead to disaster by

accumulation of air pollutants.


Chapter II 7


Chapter II 8

Fig 2.1 (SATELLITE IMAGE)

Tagros chemicals India Limited

Chapter II 9

2.2 Products and Production Capacity

Sl.No. Products Quantity T/M

Existing After Expansion

1. D.V. Acid Chloride 7.50 15

2. Quinopyramine sulphate 1.75 1.75

3. Alphacypermethrin / Cypermethrin /

Permethrin 100.00 175

4. Deltamethrin 7.50 20

5. Oxyclozanide 2.00 2.00

6. Hexaconazole / Propiconazole/

Dicamba / Tricyclazole 7.00 20.00

7. Metaphenoxy Benzyle Alcohol 20.00 40.00

Total 145.75 273.75

2.3 By products

Sl.No. Byproducts Quantity T/M

Existing After Expansion

1. Hydrochloric Acid 239.52 475

2. Spent sulphuric Acid Nil Nil

3. Sodium Sulphite solution 743.39 1350

4. Sodium Sulphite Powder 103.00 200

5. Hydrogen Bromide Solution Nil Nil

6. Aluminium Chloride Solution 23.55 330

7. Ammonium chloride 190.64 125

8. Mixture of Ortho and Para bromo

Toluene Nil 95

9. Iso PropoylAlcohol and EDC Nil 30

10. 2,2,2 � Tricholoroethyl 3,3 Dimethyl

-4- Chloro cyclo butanone Nil 40

Total 1300.10 2645.00


Chapter II 10

2.4 Raw Materials

Sl.No.

Raw Material For

Alphacypermethrin /

Cypermethrin / Permethrin

Quantity(T/M)

Existing

100 T/M

After

Expansion

175 T/M

1. Aceto nitrile 14.77 25.84

2. Acrylonitrile 31.60 55.30

3. C S Lye 47% 205.77 360.05

4. Carbon tetra chloride 96.00 168.00

5. Catalyst 1.47 2.57

6. 2-Chloro cyclobutanone 95.80 167.64

7. Conc.Sulphuric acid 130.67 228.67

8. Cupric chloride 0.90 1.57

9. Cypermethhric acid 60.7 106.22

10. DEA 0.03 0.05

11. DEA hydrochloric acid 1.00 1.75

12. Dimethyl formamide 2.60 4.55

13. D.V.acid chloride 117.30 205.27

14. Iso butylenes 30.73 53.77

15. Meta- phenoxy-benzaldehyde 98.77 172.84


Chapter II 11

16. n-hexane 893.97 1564.54

17. Sodium bi-carbonate 8.70 15.25

18. Sodium chloride 21.27 37.22

19. Sodim hydroxide 11.43 20.00

20. Sodium hydroxide (100%) 3.10 5.42

21. Sodium hypo chloride 100 175.00

22. Sodium salt of cypermetric acid 97.07 169.87

23. Sodium cyanide 14.10 24.67

24. TEBAC-Catalyst 1.40 2.45

25. Tetrachlorobutyronitrile 106.63 186.60

26. Tetrachlorobutyronitrile acid 123.17 215.14

27. Tetrachlorobutyronitrile acid

chloride 123.17 215.14

28. Thionyl chloride 113.07 197.87

29. Tri-n-butylamine 1.23 2.15

30. Water 1789.13 3130.97


Chapter II 12

S.No Raw Material For Deltamethrin

Quantity (T/M)

Existing

7.5 T/M

After

Expansion

20 T/M

1. Acetonitrile 2.21 5.87

2. Acrylonitrile 4.75 12.63

3. Aluminium Chloride 7.05 18.75

4. Becisthemic acid Crude 18.93 50.35

5. C. S. lye 47% 26.66 70.91

6. Carbon tetra chloride 14.41 38.33

7. Catalyst 0.22 0.58

8. Caustic lye 2.44 6.49

9. Caustic soda 1.74 4.62

10. 2-chloride cyclobutanone 14.35 38.17

11. Cis-CMA 9.09 24.17

12. Concentrated Sulphuric acid 18.64 49.58

13. Cupric chloride 0.12 0.31

14. Diethyl amine hydrochloride 0.15 0.39

15. DMF 0.02 0.05

16. Dissolve DMA 15.34 40.80


Chapter II 13

17. Ethylene di chloride 36.43 96.90

18. Hbr-Dry 12.68 33.72

19. Hexane 4.31 11.46

20. Hydrochloric acid dilution 14.10 37.50

21. Hydrochloric acid 30% 5.57 14.81

22. Hydrochloric acid 33% 7.50 19.94

23. Iso butuylene 4.61 12.26

24. Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) 1.50 3.99

25. MPB 3.68 9.78

26. n-Hexane 86.53 230.16

27. RR-CMA 12.43 33.06

28. Preparation HCL scrubbing 3.34 8.88

29. Racemic Deltamethrin 9.38 24.97

30. 10% Sodium hydrochloride 7.69 20.45

31. Sodium bicarbonate 1.30 3.45

32. Sodium chloride 3.18 8.45


34. Sodium hydroxide 2.18 5.79

35. Sodium alt of Cypermethric acid 14.54 38.80


Chapter II 14

36. TEBAC 0.11 0.26

37. Tetrachlorobutyronitrile 16.90 44.95

38. Tetrachloro butynic acid chloride 18.45 49.07

39. Tetrachloro butynic acid chloride 18.45 49.07


41. Tri ethyl amine 11.10 29.52

42. Water 264.25 702.90


Chapter II 15

Sl.No. Products

Quantity T/M

Sl.No Raw Material

Quantity T/M

Existing After

Expansion Existing Expansion

1. D.V. Acid

Chloride 7.50 15 1. Acrylonitrile 4.05 8.10

2. Carbon Tetra Chloride 12.3 24.60

3. Acetonitrile 0.585 1.17

4. Cupric Chloride 0.1155 0.231

5. DEA Hydrochloric acid 0.1275 0.255

6. Concentrated Sulphuric

Acid 15.69 31.38

7. Thionyl Chloride 14.506 29.01

8. DMF 0.330 0.66

9. C.C.Lye 47% 43.575 87.15

10. Iso Butylene 3.9 7.80

11. Triethylamine 1.485 2.97

12. n-hexane 8.325 16.65

13. Sodium bi carbonate 1.095 2.19

14. Catalyst 0.093 0.186


Chapter II 16

Sl.No. Products

Quantity T/M

Sl.No Raw Material

Quantity T/M

Exist

ing

After


1. Quinopyramine

Sulphate 1.75 1.75 1. Phosphorous Ox chloride 1.8 1.8

2. C.S.Lye 47% 7.71 7.71

3. Dimethyl Sulphate 1.848 1.848

4. Salt 1.695 1.695

5. Hydro chloric acid 1.104 1.104

6. C.S. Flakes 0.015 0.015

7. Acetic acid 0.309 0.309

Sl.No. Products

Quantity T/M

Sl.No Raw Material

Quantity T/M

Existing After


1. Oxyclozanide 2.00 2.00 1. Dimethyl formamide 0.141 0.141


3. C.S.Lye 1.206 1.206

4. Acetone 1.026 1.026

5. Activated Carbon 0.060 0.060

6. Sodium bi carbonate 0.0005 0.0005


Chapter II 17

Sl.No. Products

Quantity T/M

Sl.No Raw Material

Quantity T/M

Existing After


1. Hexaconazole 7.00 20.00 1. N-Butyl Bromide 5.43 5.43


3. TEBA Catalyst 90.06 90.06

4. Sulphuric Acid 98% conc. 22.41 22.41

5. Thionyl Chloride 4.20 4.20

6. Anhydrous Aluminium

Chloride 6.03 6.03


8. Anhydrous Potassium

Carbonate 9.27 9.27

9. Dimethyl Formamide 3.93 3.93

10. Potassium Hydroxide 5.49 5.49


12. 1,2,4 �Triazole 4.65 4.65

13. N-Hexane 0.72 0.72


Chapter II 18

Sl.No. Products

Quantity T/M

Sl.No Raw Material

Quantity T/M

Existing After


1. DICAMBA 7.00 20.00

1. 2,4 Dichloro Aniline 10.17 28.98

2. Sodium Nitrite 4.38 12.48

3. 98% Sulphuric Acid 23.50 66.97

4. Sulfamic Acid 0.30 0.85

5. Potasium Hydroxide 3.20 9.12

6. Xylene 3.40 9.69

7. Carbon �di-oxide 5.10 14.53

8. 30% Hydrochloric Acid 10.02 28.55

9. Soium Hydroxide 4.90 13.96

10. Dimethyl sulphate 10.90 31.06


Chapter II 19

Sl.No. Products

Quantity T/M

Sl.No Raw Material

Quantity T/M

Existing After


1. Propiconazole 7.00 20.00 1. Meta dichlorobenzene 31.50 89.77

2. Aluminium Chloride,

Anhydrous 25.50 72.67

3. Acetyl Chloride 10.20 29.07

4. 1,2 � Pentane Diol 12.60 35.91

5. Bromine 17.10 48.73

6. Carbon Tetra Chloride 3.80 10.83

7. 1,2,4-Triazole 13.50 38.47

8. Potassium Carbonate,

Anhydrous 27.00 76.95

9. Dimethyl formamide 18.30 52.15


Chapter II 20

Sl.No. Products

Quantity T/M

Sl.No Raw Material

Quantity T/M

Existing After


1. Tricyclazole 7.00 20.00 1. Ammonium Tricyanide 3.72 10.60

2. Methyl chloroformate 4.63 13.19

3. Ortho toluidine 5.18 14.76

4. Caustic Lye 1.39 3.96

5. Acetic Acid 5.45 15.53

6. Bromine 13.74 39.15

7. Hydrazine Hydrate 6.85 19.52

8. Ethylene Glycol 3.49 9.94

9. Xylene 6.99 19.92

10. Formic Acid 16.77 47.79

11. Aq.Ammonia Solution 6.01 17.12


Chapter II 21

Sl.No. Products

Quantity T/M

Sl.No Raw Material

Quantity T/M

Existing After


1. Metaphenoxy

Benzyl alcohol 20.00 40.00 1.

Meta Phenoxy

Benzaldehyde 15.19 30.38

2. Hydrogen 0.189 0.378

3. Raney nickel 0.75 1.50

4. Iso propylAlcohol 17.25 34.50


Chapter II 22

2.5 Manufacturing Process

Common Production Steps

Alphamethrin / Cypermethrin / Permethrin and Deltamethrin are

manufactured starting from acrylonitrile and carbon tetrachloride. The

Manufacturing process is described in the following parts.

First acrylonitrile is condensed with carbon tetrachloride in the

presence of cupric chloride as catalyst and acetonitrile solvent. The

reaction product is distilled to get pure tetrachloro butyronitrile (CBN).

CBN is then hydrolysed by dilute sulphuric acid to get

tetrachlorobutyric acid (CBA). The spent acid produced in this process

is separated and sent to storage tank for sale to authorized dealers.

Tetrachloro butyric acid thus obtained in the third stage is reacted with

thionyl chloride to produce tetrachloro butyric acid chloride (CBC). The

off gas is scrubbed in water and then with caustic lye. The resulting

hydrochloric acid and sodium sulphite solution are stored in 30 KL

Storage tank and 45 KL Storage tank Respectively and are sold to

authorized dealers.

Tetrachloro butyric acid chloride (CBC) is condensed with isobutylene

to get a cyclic compound 2-chlorocyclobutanone (2-CB). This product

is separated and is crystallized.2-CB is isomerised to 4-

chlorocyclobutanone 4-CB) and is reacted with caustic solution and

finally neutralized to get cypermethric acid (CMA) in hexane. Cis-CMA

is isolated from CMA solution by selective crystallization. The aqueous

is separated and is sent for cypermethrin production. The process floe

diagram is shown in fig 1.The chemical reaction diagram is shown in

fig 2.The flow of the master plan in all the reactors is shown in fig 3.

Pure CIS �CMA Obtained as above is racemised to IR CIS-CMA isomer

using an optically active amine via its salt. Salt is neutralized and


Chapter II 23

purified to obtain pure (+)-IR Cis permethric Acid having high purity

and matching the reported specific rotation IR CIS CMA is treated with

HBr in presence of a catalyst to obtain becisthermic acid (C3-

(DIBROMOVINYL)-2.2.-Dimethyl Cyclopropoane carboxylic acid. It is

purified by selective crystallization in MDC solvent.

Becisthermic acid is treated with SOCl2 in a solvent get Becisthermic

acid chloride. Becisthermic acid chloride is condensed with NaCN AND

m-phenoxy benzaldehyde in a solvent to isolate racethemic

deltamethrin in good yield.

Racemic deltamethrin produced as discussed is epimerized in a solvent

to isolate IR-CIS-α -S epimer, this is further crystallized to get pure

deltamethrin.

Preparation of Cypermethrin

Solution of D.V.Acid chloride and metaphenoxy �benzaldehyde in

hexane reacts with Solution of sodium cyanide in water in the

presence of triethyl benzyl ammonium chloride as catalyst at 30°C to

give Cypermethrin in hexane solution.

The solution is given water wash to remove traces of sodium cyanide

and hexane distilled out of obtains cypermethrin.

The water washes contain sodium cyanide and it is treated with

sodium hypochloride solution to destroy sodium cyanide.

The purities of reactants to be used viz., cypermethric acid chloride,

metaphenoxy benzaldehyde and sodium cyanide will be above 99%.


Chapter II 24

The purity of cypermethrin obtained will be minimum 92% pure and

the likely associated impurities are listed at the end of the

manufacturing process.

Preparation of Alphamethrin

The cypermethrin prepared using the above mentioned method is

subjected to epimerization at 25°C in the presence of triethylamine in

solvent hexane to obtain alphamethrin. Then it is filtered, dried under

vacuum. Hexane and tea are recovered and recycled.

The purity of Alphamethrin obtained will be minimum 95% pure and

the likely associated impurities are listed at the manufacturing

process.

Preparation of Permethrin

It is prepared by the reaction of D.V.Acid chloride and Phenoxy Benzyl

Alcohol at 45 to 50°C using hexane as the solvent medium. HCl vapour

generated is absorbed in water and sold as by product.

Proposed

At present the hydrolysis of CBN to CBA conversion is done using

concentrated sulfuric acid. It is proposed to replace this with spent HCl

as established based on pilot plant studies. This will completely

eliminate the generation of spent sulfuric acid. Spent ammonium

chloride formed as the by-product is proposed to be processed to get

ammonium chloride by neutralizing the excess HCl by ammonia

followed by distillation.


Chapter II 25


Chapter II 26


Chapter II 27


Chapter II 28

Manufacturing Process of D.V. Acid Chloride (CMAC)

CMAC is manufactured staring from acrylonitrile and carbon

tetrachloride. The manufacturing process is described in the following

parts.


Chapter II 29

First acrylonitrile is condensed with carbon tetrachloride in the

presence of cupric chloride as catalyst and acetonotrile solvent. The

reaction produces a product and the product is distilled to get pure

tetrachlorobutyronitrile (CBN). CBN is then hydrolysed by dilute

sulphuric acid to get tetra chlorobutyric acid (CBA). The spent acid

produced in this process is separated and sent to storage tank. This

being a normal chemical widely used in the chemical industry is sold to

authorized dealers.

Tetrachlorobutyric acid this obtained in the stage, will be recated with

thionylchloride to produce tetrachlorobutyric acid chloride (CBC). The

off gas is scrubbed in water and then with caustic lye. The resulting

Hydrochloric acid and sodium sulphite respectively and are solid to

authorized dealers.

Tetrachlorobutyric acid chloride (CBC) is condensed with isobutylene to

get a cyclc compound 2 chlorocyclobutanone (2-CB). The product is

separated and is crystallized. 2 � CB is isomerised to 4 �

chlorocyclobutanone (4-CB) and is reacted with caustic solution and

finally neutralized to get Cypermethric Acid (CMA). The aqueous is

separated and is sent to ETP.

The CMA is then reacted with thronyl chloride to get crude CMAC,

which is distilled to get pure CMAC.


Chapter II 30


Chapter II 31

Manufacturing Process of Oxyclozanide

Oxyclozandie is a vetianary drug used the treatment of liver flukcide

for cattle. It is preposed to manufacture Oxyclozandile from the

intermediates by doing the condensation reaction. The intermediates

required viz., 2,4 � Dichloro � 6 �Amino phenol and Tri-chloro

Salicyclic Acid are freely available.

Tri Chloro Salicylic acid is first converted to corresponding acid chloride

by reacting with Thionly Chloride in presence of DMF and a suitable

solvent.

Tri Chloro Salicylic acid chloride is then condensed with 2,4 � Di Chloro

� 6 � Amino phenol to get Oxyclozandie. Oxycloznide is crystallized in

solvent acetone to obtain pure material.


Chapter II 32

Manufacturing Process Of Hexaconazole

n � Butyle Bromide is reacted with sodium cyanide to form

valeronitrile. This is treated with sulphuric acid to get valeric acid.

Valeric acid is then reacted with thronyl chloride to form valeroyl

chloride.


Chapter II 33

Valeroyl chloride is then mixed with meta dichlorobenzene and reacted

with aluminium chloride to get valerponphenone. This is further

reacted with dimethy; sulphide and dimethyl sulphate to form Oxirane.

Oxirane isfurther recated with 1, 2, 4 � triazole, potassium carbonate

& Dimethyl Formamide to get Hexaconazole.


Chapter II 34


Chapter II 35

Manufacturing Process of DICAMBA

DICAMBA (2 � Methoxy � 3,6 � dichloro benzoic acid) is manufacturing

starting from 2,5 � dichlorcaniline.

In the first step. The 2, 5 � dichloroaniline is diazotized in Sulphuric

Acid medium with adeqeous solution of sodium Nitrile at 5 � 6 C. The

diazonium sulphate so fornued is not isolated but by steam distillation.

The 2, 5 � dichlorophenol acid. First 2, 5 � dichlorophenol is treated

with aqueous solution o Potassium Hydroxide to form in potassium salt

which is dehydrated by potassium salt is then treated with Carbon-di-

oxide at 130 � 140 C in Xylene solution under a pressure of 35

kg/Cm2. The potassium salt of acid formed is neutralized with

hydrochloric acid to recover the benzoic acid derivative. The

unconverted phenol is recovered from Xylene solution.

In the last step, the 2-hydroxy-3,6 � chloror benzoic acid is

methylatedf with dimethyl sulphate and adueous sodium hydroxide to

give 2 � Methoxy � 3, 6 � dichloride � benzoic acid (DICAMBA). The

product is isolated after neutralization with aqueous Hydrochloric acid

and extraction with solvent toluene. The toluene extract is washed

with water and the product is recovered by distillation of toluene.


Chapter II 36

Manufacturing Process of Propiconazole

Propiconazole is manufacturing starting from acetyl chloride, Meta

dichlorobenzene. Pentanediol and 1, 2, 4 � Traizole and is described in

the following parts.

First, Acetyl Chloride is condensed with Meta dichlorobenzene in

presence of Aluminium chlorideat 15 � 20 C initially and finally at 70C.

Excess Meta dichlorobenzene used as solvent is recovered by

distillation and the 2,4 � dichloro aceteophenone product formed is

purified by distillation. The distillation residues are collected and

stored separately and the aqueuous effluent containing aluminum


Chapter II 37

chloride is ent for recovery. The liberated hydrogen chloride gas is

scrubbed in dichloroacetopjenone is obtained in a priity of above 98%

and small amount of meta di-chloro benzene remains as and impurity.

In the second step, the 2, 4 � dichoroacetophenone is reacted with 1,

2 � pentanediol in solvent toluene at 110C using small amount of Para

Toluene Sulphuric Acid as Catalyst.

The Ketal thus formed is recovered by washing with water to remove

Para toluene sulphonic acid and solvent distilled out. The Ketal in not

purified and used as such in the next step. The purity of ketal

obtained is about 95% and above.

In the third step, the ketal is dissolved is Carbon tetrachloride to which

bromine in carbon tetra chloride is added. A small amount of

aluminum chloride is used as a catalyst. The Hydrogen bromide gas

formed in the reaction is scrubbed with aqueous sodium hydroxide, the

sodium bromide formed is sent for recovery. The Carbon tetra

chloride layer containing the bromoketal is washed with water to

remove catalyst and dissolved hydrogen bromide and the product is

recovered by solvent removal. The bromoketal obtained is not purified

and is used as such in the next step.

In the fourth step, the bromoketal is condensed with potassium salt of

1,2, 4 - triazole ion solevent formamide. The potassium salt of traizole

is formed by the reaction of 1, 2, 4 � triazole with potassium

carbonate at 140C. The product is recovered by distillation of dimethyl

formamide and extracted with solvent ethylene chloride. The Ethylene

chloride extract is washed to remove all inorganic with water and

distilled to give propiconazole technical. The purity of this product

above 90% and contains small amount and moisture as impurity.


Chapter II 38

Manufacutring process of Metaphenoxy benzyl Alcohol

Raney nickel is slurred in iso propyl alcohol (solvent) and meta

phenoxy sanzaldehyde (MPB) is added to this slurry. Hydrogen is

passed through this moisture when the MPB is hydrogenated to meta

phenoxy benzyl alcohol (MPBA)

The slurry is filtered and Raney nickel separated and recycled to next

batch, and the clear solution containing MPBA in iso propyl alcohol is

distilled to recover the solvent.


Chapter II 39

Manufacturing Process of Tricyclazole

Tricyclazole is manufactured starting from Ortho Toluidine and is

described as follows.

First methyl Chloroformate is condensed with Ammonim Thiocyanalte

using water as a solvent. The reaction produces a complex and

Ammonium Chloride is obtained as a sode product. The complex thus

formed is not isolated and is further reacted with ortho Toluidirine and

the product orthotoluyl thio urea is obtained after treatment with

caustic lye. The reaction product orthotouyl thio urea is used as such

in the next step without any further purification. The byproduct

Ammonium Chloride is sold to parties for recovery. The spent caustic

lye obtained is sent to storage tank and is sold to authorized parties

for recovery of caustic lye.

The toly thio urea obtained is treated with bromine in acetic acid. The

liberated Hydrogen Bromine gas is assorted in caustic and sodium

bromide is recovered. The aqueous stream containing acetic acid is

sent for acetic and recovery. The reaction product amino


Chapter II 40

benyothiazole thus obtained is used as such in next step without any

purification.

In the third step the amino benyothiazole is recated with hydrazine

hydrate in ethylene glycol as solvent. After the reaction layers are

sepatered and product is recovered as assuspension in Xylene. The

aqueous stream containing ethylene glycol and hydranzine is stored

separately and sent for recovery of ethylene glycol and hydrazine. The

product formed in the dydrazine benzothiazole is not isolated and

obtained as suspension in xylane which is used the next step.

In the final step, the hydrazine benzothiazole is refluxed with excess

formic acid to give the product tncyclazole. The unreacted formic acid

is recovered and recycled. The aqueous stream containing traces of

formic acid is neutralized and sent for treatment.

The Tricyclazole thus obtained is in a pure form with a purity of 98% -

99% and is sold as such.


Chapter II 41


Chapter II 42

2.6 Plant Layout and list of machineries:

Facility for CBN

Sl.No Eqpt. No. Description Capacity,KL MOC Remarks

1. R 201 Reactor for CBN Formation 3.00 MSGL F

2. R 201A Reactor for CBN Formation 3.00 MSGL F

3. R 201B

Reactor for CBN Catalyst

Preparation 1.00 MSGL

4. R 202 Reactor for CBN Distillation 8.00 SS

5. T 102 Tank for CTC Addition - CNB 1.00 SS

6. T 101 Tank for Acrylo Storage - CNB 1.00 SS

7. T 103 Tank for CBN Crude Storage 3.50 MSLB

8. T 103 A Tank for CBN Crude Storage 4.00 MSLB

9. T 103 C Tank for CBN Crude Storage 3.00 MSLB

10. T 103 B Tank for CBN Crude Storage 1.00 SS

11. T 205 Tank for CBN F/C Collection 1.50 MSLB

12. T 202 Tank for CBN I/C Collection 0.10 SS

13. T 203 Tank for CBN M/C Collection 1.50 SS

14. T 201 Tank for CBN F/C Storage 2.50 SS

15. T 204 Tank for CBN M/C Storage 3.00 SS

16. -

Catchpot for R 202 in Vacuum

line -CBN 0.075 SS

17. E 202 Condensor for R 202 -CBN 15 m2 SS

18. E 202 A Condensor for R 202 Vent -CBN 12 m2 SS

19. E 201

Condensor for R 201 / R 201 A

vent-CBN 3 m2 SS

20. E 201A

Condensor spare for R 202 (

Tube )-CBN 15 m2 Graphite

21. P 204 Pump for CBN M/C Transfer - CP PVDF

22. P 201 Pump for CBN F/C Transfer - CP SS

23. - Pump for CBN Crude transfer SS

24. -

Pump-Metering for Acrylo

Transfer-CBN 140 LPH SS

25. -

Pump-Metering for CTC

Transfer-CBN 140 LPH SS

26. -

Pump-Standby for CTC Transfer

- CBN 140 LPH SS

27. -

Tank for collection from R 201 /

R 201A -CBN 0.050 SS

28. - Tank for Hotwater - CIP - CBN 1.000 MS

29. -

Pump for Hotwater - CIP (Multi

CP)-CBN MS

30.

E - 3

Ejector for R 201-CBN Graphite


Chapter II 43

Facility for CBA

S.No Eqpt. No. Description Capacity,KL MOC Remarks

31. R203 Reactor for CBA Formation 8.0 MSGL

32. R203A Reactor CBA Dehydration 4.0 MSGL

33. T302 A

Tank for DM Water Storage for

CBA 5.0 MS

34. T 302

Tank for Fresh H2SO4 Storage-

CBA 5.0 MS

35.

Tank for Spent Acid Storage -

CBA 5.0 MSRL

36. T 306

Tank for Dehydr WaterCollection

- CBA 0.5 MSGL

37. T 304 Tank for Wet CBA Storage 5.0 PP FRP

38. T 305 Tank for Dry CBA Storage 4.0 PP FRP

39. E 203 A Condensor for R 203 A-CBA 2 m2 Graphite

40. P 203

Pump for Spent Acid Transfer -

CBA MS

41. P 203 C Pump for Wet CBA Transfer PVDF

42. P 203 B Pump for Dry CBA Transfer Graphite

43. P 203 D

Pump for Raw water Transfer -

CBA MS

44. T 301 Tank for CBN addition-CBA 4.0 SS

45. T 301 Tank for CBA aqueous settling 2.0 HDPE

46. V1 Venturi for addition-CBA Graphite

47. E4 Ejector for CBA Dehydration Graphite

Facility for CBC


48. R204 Reactor for CBC Formation 4.0 MSGL

49. R 205 Reactor for CBC Distillation 4.0 MSGL

50. T 403 Tank for CBC F/C Recieving 1.0 SS

51. T 404 Tank for CBC M/C Receiving 1.0 SS

52. T 405 Tank for CBC M/C Storage 4.0 PP FRP

53. T 305 Tank for CBC M/C Storage 3.0 PP FRP

54. -

Tank for TC Collection of R 204

-CBC 0.1 SS

55. T 701 A Tank for TC Addition-CBC 2.0 MSLB

56. - Catchpot for R 205-CBC 0.1 SS

57. E 204

Condensor for R 204 (Block)-

CBC 8 m2 Graphite

58. E 205 Condensor for R 205-CBC 6 m2 Graphite

59. E 205 A Condensor for R 205 A-CBC 10 m2 Graphite

60. -

Pump for CBC M/C Transfer to

Plant-III PVDF

61. V2 Venturi for CBC Formation Graphite

62.

E5 Ejector for CBC Formation /

Distillation Graphite


Chapter II 44

Facility for 2 CB


63. R206 Reactor for 2 CB formation 12.5 SS

64. R206A Reactor for 2 CB Formation 12.5 SS

65. R208

Reactor for2 CB distillation &

Workup 9.0 SS

66. R209 Reactor for 2 CB Crystalisation 4.0 SS

67. R 217 Reactor for 2 CB ML Recovery 3.0 SS

68. R801

Reactor for Wet TEA Recovery -

2CB 6.0 SS

69. R802

Reactor for Dry TEA Recovery-

2CB 6.0 SS

70. ANF 202

Filter-ANF 2 CB Cake Filtration,

4m2 3.5 SS

71. NF 202 Filter-NF 2CB 2nd Crop Filtration 2.0 SS

72. T 508 A Tank for IB Storage - 2CB 1.0 SS

73. T 802 Tank for Dry TEA Storage -2CB 3.0 SS

74. T 801 Tank for TEA HCl Storage-2CB 5.0 PPFRP

75. R 504 A Reactor for 2 CB Samples 1.0 SS

76. T 506

Tank for 2 CB Recovered

Hexane 4.0 SS

77. T 506 A

Tank for 2 CB Recovered

Hexane 4.0 SS

78. T 507 Tank for Water -2CB 4.0 MS

79. R 507 A

Reactor for SBC Preparation -

2CB 4.0 MS

80. T 501 Tank for CBC Addition -2CB 1.5 FRP

81. T 502 Tank for TEA Addition -2CB 1.5 SS

82. T 509

Tank for R 217 Rec Hexane

Collection-2CB 0.5 SS

83. E 207 A

Condensor for R 207 A with

Column-2CB 5 m2 SS

84. E 208 Condensor for R 208-2CB 12 m2 SS




88. P 217 Pump for 2 CB ML Pumping- CP SS

89. P 208

Pump for 2 CB Mass Pumping -

CP SS

90. P 801

Pump for TEA HCL Pumping -CP-

2CB SS

91. -

Pump for SBC Sol Transfer - CP-

2CB SS

92. -

Pump - Metering for CBC

Addtion-2CB SS

93. -

Pump - Metering for TEA

Addtion-2CB SS


Chapter II 45

94. T 804

Tank for Lye Storage - Wet TEA-

2CB 1.0 SS

95. E 206

Condensor for R 206 / R 206 A-

2CB 12 m2 SS

96. - Pump - Water ring Vacuum-2CB SS

Facility 4 CB, SCPM,CPM


97. R 210 Reactor for 4 CB Formation 4.0 MSGL

98. R 211 Reactor for SCPM Formation 9.0 SS

99. R 212 Reactor for CPM Formation 12.0 SS

100. R 213 Reactor for CMA Formation 15.0 SS

101. R 213 E

Reactor for Lye Preparation for

R 213 2.0 SS

102. R 217 A

Reactor for SCPM Hex - Rec for

R 212 1.0 SS

103. R 803

Reactor for Acid Preparation for

R 212 / R 213 1.0 MSGL

104. T 603 Tank for Lye Storage for R 212 1.2 FRP

105. T 601 Tank for Lye Storage for R 211 1.5 MS

106. T 607 C Tank for CMA Organic Storage 4 SS

107. T 615 Tank for SCPM Organic Storage 3.5 MS

108. T 611 Tank for Cis-CPM Storage 3.5 SS

109. T 611 A Tank for Cis-CPM Storage 3 SS

110. T 611 B Tank for Cis-CPM Storage 2 MS

111. T 210 Tank for4 CB Storage Tank 3 SS

112. T 805

Tank for Caustic Lye Storage for

R 213 1 MS

113. T 507 A Tank for Water Tank 5 MS

114. -

Tank for Hotwater - CIP for R

213 2 MS

115. -

Tank for CMA Aqueous Settling

for R 213 3 SS

116. T 604 Tank for Fresh H2SO4 Storage 0.5 MS

117. E 210 Condensor for R 210 5 m2 SS

118. E 217 A Condensor for R 217 A 2 m2 SS

119. P 212

Pump for SCPM Transfer from R

211 to R 212 - CP SS

120. P 213 Pump for Cis CPM transfer - CP SS

121. -

Tank for Dil H2SO4 Addition in R

212 0.05 Glass

122. -

Tank for PMT Spent SBC

Storage 2 HDPE

Facility for Cis CMA


123. R 213 B Reactor for Cis CMA Isolation 4.0 SS

124. R 213 B Reactor for Cis CMA Isolation 2.5 SS

125. ANF 201 Filter - ANF for Cis CMA 4.5 SS


Chapter II 46

126. ANF 201 Filter - ANF for Cis CMA 2.5 SS

127. R 804 Reactor for Acid Preparation 1.0 MSGL

128. T 612 Tank for Cis CMA ML Storage 3.0 SS

129. T 613 Tank for Cis CMA ML Storage 4.0 SS

130. T 613 A Tank for Cis CMA ML Storage 4.0 SS

131. - Pump for ML transfer SS

132. R 213 C Reactor for Tail CMA Extraction 8.0 SS

133. R 213 C Reactor for Tail CMA Extraction 6.0 SS

134. T 233

Tank for Tail CMA Organic

Storage 4.0 SS

135. T 233 A

Tank for Tail CMA Organic

Storage 3.0 SS

136. R 801

Reactor For dilute H2SO4

preparation 1.0 MSGL

137. T 801

Tank for Dil H2SO4 Addition in R

213 C 2.0 FRP

138. -

Pump for Dilute H2SO4 transfer

to R213C MS

Facility for Cis CMAC


139. R214 Reactor for Cis CMAC Formation 2.0 MSGL

140. R218 Reactor for Cis-CMAC Formation 2.0 MSGL

141. T 401 Tank for TC Batch (R 214) 1.0 MSLB

142. T 218 Tank for TC Addition - R 218 0.5 MSLB

143. T 218 B Tank for Cis-CMAC Storage 1.5 PPFRP

144. E 214 Condensor for R 214 (Block) 6 m2 Graphite

145. E 218 Condensor for R 218(Block) 6 m2 Graphite

146. P

218B/215C Pump for Cis-CMAC Transfer SS

147. F 218

Filter-Bag -Cis CMAC Filter for R

218 0.1 SS

148. V5 Venturi for 218 / R 214 Graphite

149. E -10 Ejector for R 218 / R 214 Graphite

Facility for N CMAC


150. R214A Reactor for CMAC Formation 4.5 MSGL

151. R215 Reactor for CMAC Distillation 3.0 SS

152. T 701 Tank for TC Batch (R 214A) 1.0 MSLB

153. T 703 B

Tank for CMAC M/C Collection

for R 215 1.0 SS

154. T 703 A

Tank for CMAC F/C Collection for

R 215 0.5 SS

155. - Catchpot for R 215 0.1 SS

156. T 215 C Tank for 50-Cis CMAC Storage 1.5 PPFRP

157. T 215 A Tank for 25-Cis CMAC Storage 1.0 PPFRP

158. E 214 A Condensor for R 214 A (Block) 6m2 Graphite

159. E 215 Condensor for R 215- Standby 10m2 SS


Chapter II 47

160. E 215 A Condensor for R 215 15m2 SS

161. E 215 B

Condensor for R 215- New

procurement 15m2 SS

162. E 215 C Condensor for R 215- Spare 6m2 Graphite

163. P

218B/215C

Pump for N CMAC Transfer for

Cyper SS

164. P 215A/B

Pump for N CMAC Transfer for

PMT SS

165. T 215 B Tank for 40-Cis CMAC Storage 1.0 PPFRP

166. V3 Venturi for R 214 A Graphite

Facility for Cis & Normal - Cypermethrin


167. R 216 Reactor for Cyper Formation 6.5 SS

For N

Cyper

168. R 219 Reactor for CMAC & MPB mixing 2.0 MSGL

For N

Cyper

169. R 216 A Reactor for Cyper workup 6.5 SS

For N

Cyper

170. T 723 Tank for Raw water 1.2 SS

For N

Cyper

171. - Tank for MPB 1.2 SS SPARE

172. T 734 Tank for CMAC 1.2 SS

For N

Cyper

173. - Pump for Hexane transfer - CP 5m3/hr,30mH SS

For N

Cyper

174. -

Pump for Cyanide aqueous

transfer - CP 5m3/hr,30mH SS

For N

Cyper

175. - Tank for Cyper aqueous settling 3.0 SS

For N

Cyper

176. E 216 A Condenser for R 216 A 8 m2 SS

For N

Cyper

177. T 715 Tank for hypo storage for R 216 1.5 FRP

For N

Cyper

178. - Pump for cis cyper transfer - GP 5m3/hr,30mH SS

For N

Cyper

179.

Tank for R 219 Vacuum line

catch pot 0.05 SS

For N

Cyper

Facility for Permethrin


180. R 220

Reactor for Permethrin

Formation 2.0 MSGL

181. R 220 A Reactor for Permethrin Workup 3.0 SS

182. T 735 Tank for CMAC 0.5 SS

183. - Tank for MPBA 1.0 SS


Chapter II 48

184. - Tank for R 220 Catch pot 0.2 SS

185. - Tank for aqueous Settling 2.0 HDPE

186. -

Pump for Spent SBC transfer -

CP 5m3/hr,30mH SS

187. - Tank for Spent SBC Storage 3.0 SS

188. R 723 Reactor for SBC Preparation 1.0 SS

189. E 220 A Condenser for R 220 A 6 m2 SS

190. - Pump for PMT transfer - GP 5m3/hr,30mH SS

Facility for Alphamethrin


191. R 116 Reactor for Alpha Epimerisation 5.0 SS

Existing

Alpha

192. R 117 Reactor for Alpha Remelting 5.0 MSGL

Existing

Alpha

193. R 118 Reactor for Alpha ML-Workup 8.0 MSGL

Existing

Alpha

194. ANF 1

Filter-ANF for Alpha First

Filtration 4.5 SS

Existing

Alpha

195. ANF 2

Filter-ANF for Alpha Second

Filtration 4.5 SS

Existing

Alpha

196. R 119

Reactor for Dil. H2SO4

Preparation 1.0 MSGL

Existing

Alpha

197. RVD Drier-Rotary Alpha Drying 5.0 SS

Existing

Alpha

198. R 116 A Reactor for Cis-Cyper Storage 3.0 SS

Existing

Alpha

199. T 118 A Tank for Conc. H2SO4 storage 1.0 MS

Existing

Alpha

200. T 118 F Tank for Hypo Storage 1.0 PPFRP

Existing

Alpha

201. T 1

Tank for RVD - Condensate

Collection. 0.1 SS

Existing

Alpha


Existing

Alpha

203. E 117 Condensor for R 117 10 m2 Graphite

Existing

Alpha


Existing

Alpha

205. E RVD 1 Condensor for RVD 2 m2 SS

Existing

Alpha

206. -

Pump for Cis-Cyper transfer -

GP 5m3/hr,30mH SS

Existing

Alpha

207. - Vacuum Pump 100m3/Hr SS

Existing

Alpha

208. ,- Tank for Aqueous settling 0.5 SS Existing


Chapter II 49

Alpha

Facility for Hexaconazole


209. R 301

Reactor for Valero Nitrile

Formation 0.75 SS

210. R 302

Reactor for Valeric Acid

Formation 0.5 MSGL

211. R 303

Reactor for Valeric Acid Chloride

Formation 0.25 MSGL

212. T 302 B Tank 0.25 SS

213. T 302 D Tank 0.5 SS

214. T 302 C Tank 0.2 SS


216. T 301A Tank 0.2 SS

217. T 304 C Tank 0.5 SS

218. T 304 Tank 0.5 SS

219. T 301 B Tank 0.5 SS

220. T 301 C Tank 0.5 SS

221. E 303 Condensor for R 303 1 m2 Glass

222. R 304 Reactor for V.P Formation 1.0 MSGL

223. R 308

Reactor for V.P Distillation/DMS

Formation 1.0 MSGL

224. R 306 Reactor for Oxirane Formation 4.0 SS

225. R 307

Reactor for Hexaconazole

Formation 2.0 SS

226. V 305 Vat for V.P Workup 1.5 MSTL

227. NF 307 Filter for Hexaconazole Filtration 3.0 SS

228. T 304 A Tank for V. C Acid Addition 0.25 SS

229. T 304 B Tank for Sol- D Addition 0.25 SS

230. T 305 A Tank for V.P Aqueous -Resol B 1.0 SS

231. T 308 A Tank for DMS A Addition 0.25 SS

232. T 306 A Tank for DMS Addition (Jacket) 2.0 SS

233. T 306 C

Tank for Rec - DMS collection

(Jacket) 0.5 SS

234. T 306 D Tank for Oxirane - Organic 1.5 SS

235. T 306 E Tank for Oxirane - Aqueous 3.0 SS

236. T 307A Tank for Oxirane Addition 0.5 SS

237. T 307 B Tank for Hot water 1.5 SS

238. T 307 C Tank for R 307 Collection pot 0.1 SS

239. T 307 D Tank for Rec - DMF 2.0 SS

240. RVD 02 Drier for Hexaconazole 0.5 SS

241. -

Tank -collection from R 304

glass condensor 0.05 Glass

242. E 304 Condenser for R 304 2 m2 Glass

243. E 308 Condenser for R 308 4 m2 SS



Chapter II 50


246. P 306 Pump for R 306 -CP SS

247. P 307 Pump for R 307 - CP SS

248. - Pump for DMS Transfer - CP SS

249. - Condensor For Hexa RVD 2 m2 SS

250. - Tank for Hexa RVD catch pot 0.05 SS

Facility for Resolution


251. T - 101A Tank for Water Storage 3.0 MS

252. R - 102

Reactor for RR CMA Complex

Formation 4 SS

253. ANF -101

Filter -ANF RR Cma Complex

Washing 2 SS

254. T-102A Tank for Organic ML Storage 3 SS

255. T-102B Tank for Aqueous Ml Storage 5 HDPE

256. E-102

Condensor for Resolution

Reactor 10 m2 SS

257. T-102C

Tank for Aqueous Seperation

Storage 0.2 SS

258. P-102 Pump for ML Transfer -

259. R - 103 Reactor for Complex Breaking 2 MSGL

260. T-103C

Tank for R 103 condensate

Collection 0.2 SS

261. T-103D Tank for Aqueous Storage 0.5 HDPE

262. S-103 Seperator for R 103 0.025 SS

263. E-103 Condensor for R 103

10m2

SS 316

L

264. R-104 Reactor for SS CMA recovery 6 MSGL

265. T-104A 1 Tank for Aqueous storage 3 SS

266. T-104A 2 Tank for Aqueous storage 1 SS

267. T-104B Tank for Organic Liquid Storage 3 SS

268. T-104C

Tank for R 104 Condensate

collection 0.2 SS

269. T-104E Tank for HCl Storage 0.2 MSRL

270. T-104F Tank for HCl Storage 0.3 HDPE

271. E-104 Condensor for R 104 12m2 SS

272. P-104B Pump for SS CMA Transfer -

Facility for Bromination


273. R - 105 Reactor for HBr Generation 2.0 MSGL

274. E-105 Condensor for R 105 9 m2 Graphite

275. R - 106 Reactor for Bromo Stripping 0.5 MSGL

276. T-106 Tank for Bromine Storage 0.5 MSGL

277. E-106 Condensor for R 106 6 m2 Graphite

278. R - 107 Reactor for Halex formation 2.0 MSGL

279. T-107A Tank for RR CMA Storage 1.0 SS


Chapter II 51

280. V - 108 Vat for Halex Drowning 3.8 MSTL

Facility for Dehydro Halogenation


281. R - 109 Reactor for Dehyrogenation 2.0 SS

282. T-109A Tank for Caustic Lye storage 1.0 MS

283. T-109F Tank for BMA Storage 1.0 HDPE

284. E-109 Condensor for R 109 10 m2 SS316 L

2.7 Construction Schedule

The proper schedule of construction will be planned. The construction

work will take about 2 to 3 months.

2.8 Work Force

The plant is having about 300 employees for its normal working. After

expansion, there is 325 employees will be engaged.

2.9 Power Generation and Consumption

The industry draws the power from TNEB 1975 KVA. After expansion

the power requirement will be 2700 KVA will be met easily.


Chapter II 52

Raw water

472 m3/ day

Process

scrubber

20 m3/day

Utilities 428

m3/day

Gardening

20 m3/day

Domestic

use 24

m3/day

Domestic

waste water

19 m3/day

Sewage

treatment

plant

Cusecs

Domestic

use 19

m3/day

Boiler

scrubber

2 m3/day

Cooling

tower

makeup

water

37m3/day

Ejector

pump

makeup

water

4m3/day

Floor

washing

3m3/day

DM plant

134m3/day

DM plant

113 m3/day

Acid

recover

15 m3/day

Scrubber

bleed

water

5 m3/day

Evapora

tion &

drift

loss 33

m3/day

Cooling

tower

blow

down 4

m3/day

Bleed off

water 4

m3/day

Regenerat

ion

&washing

15 m3/day

Soft

water

213m3/

day

Softener

plant

228m3/da

y

Regeneration

&washing

21 m3/day

Process

water 113

m3/day

Scrubber

bleed water

2 m3/day

Boiler 192m3/

day

Boiler blow down

21m3/ day

Process water

97 m3/day

Teade

effluent

97

m3/day

Multiple

Effect

evapora

tor

Trade Effluent 75 m3/day

Zero discharge

WATER BALANCE


Chapter II 53

2.9.1 Raw Water Source

Raw water requirement for this distillery is drawn from SIPCOT

Industrial Complex.

Raw Water Requirement

Category

Average Daily Water

Requirement (m3/day)

Existing

Average Daily Water

Requirement (m3/day)

Expansion

Cooling water makeup 10 37

Process 89 113

DM Water 14 134

Domestic purpose 10 24

Greenbelt 7 20

Others 85 144

Total raw water requirement 215 472

2.10 Waste Generation

2.10.1 Wastewater

Sl.No.

Waste

Water

Details

Quantity per Day

Method of Disposal Existing

m3/Day

After

Expansion

m3/Day

1. Sewage 9.0 19.0

Marine Disposal through

M/s.Cusecs Conveyance

Main

2. Trade Effluent 110.0 172.0

Neutralized and

evaporated by Multiple

Effect Evaporator

Detailed wastewater management plan is described in Chapter V


Chapter II 54

2.10.2 Solid Waste

The solid waste will be generated from this unit is as follows.

Sl.No. Wastes Quantity

Method of Disposal Existing Expansion

Hazardous Solid Waste

1. Process 2.21T/M, ---- T/M Stored in

HDPE barrels over

impervious platform

under closed shed

2. Salt from

Evaporator 1.3 T/M 3.0 T/M

3. Sludge from ETP 0.5 T/M ---- T/M

4.

Discarded

containers / barrels

/ liners used for

hazardous waste /

Chemicals

3.75 T/M ---- T/M

Cut in to sheets and sold

out to authorized

vendors.

5.

Chemical

containing residue

from

decontamination

2.91KL/M ---- KL/M Treated in the MEEP

6. Used / Spent Oil 83.33 L/M ----- L/M Sold to authorized re -

refiner

7. Spent solvents 3 KL/M --- KL/M Sold to

Non Hazardous Solid Waste

8. Fly Ash from

Boiler 1.8 T/M 3.0 T/M Used for Brick work.

9. Sludge from

STP 0.5 T/M 1.0 T/M Used as Manure.


Chapter III 55

3.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS

3.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter illustrates the description of the existing environmental

status of the study area with reference to the prominent

environmental attributes. The core area of the study covers 10km

radius around the distillery unit.

The existing environmental setting is considered to adjudge the

baseline environmental conditions, which are described with respect to

climate, hydro geological aspects, atmospheric conditions, water

quality, soil quality, vegetation pattern, ecology, socio-economic

profile and land use.

The report incorporates the baseline data monitored starting from April

to June 2008, covering North-east monsoon season and secondary

data collected from various Government, Semi-Government and Public

sector organizations.

3.2 MICROMETEOROLOGY

Meteorological conditions play a vital role in planning orientation of

stacks, operation and maintenance of distillery unit and also on the

environmental impact.

The summary of micrometeorological data of the region pertaining to

the years 2004 - 2007 is presented in Table 3.1.

3.2.1 Temperature

June is the hottest month with maximum temperature of 37.90 C.

January is the coolest month with minimum temperature of 200 C and

the graph showing yearly average max & min temperature in Fig 3.1.


Chapter III 56

Table 3.1 � Meteorological Data

Station: Cuddalore Period: 2004 - 2007

Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov

Dec

I. MONTHLY AVERAGE WIND SPEED, 24 HRS, (KMPH)

2004 04 04 05 06 05 07 06 06 04 03 04 05

2005 04 04 05 06 05 07 06 06 04 03 04 05

2006 03 03 04 03 03 05 06 05 05 04 04 06

2007 5 5 4 6 7 6 6 4 7 4 4 6

II. MONTHLY MEAN RH AT 0830 HRS IST (%)

2004 85 80 79 74 78 72 71 66 86 82 91 86

2005 85 85 81 84 77 66 68 69 67 80 84 85

2006 83 83 77 74 73 70 71 68 72 70 78 88

2007 86 83 83 77 69 68 73 78 79 84 85 95

III. MONTHLY MEAN RH AT 1730 HRS IST (%)

2004 71 66 72 75 76 64 65 62 78 79 74 70

2005 63 61 63 79 74 62 63 64 67 73 76 75

2006 69 67 69 69 68 69 61 63 66 66 75 76

2007 72 70 69 73 71 63 61 71 74 79 79 82

IV. MONTHLY TOTAL RAINFALL (mm)

2004 20.8 0.0 0.0 0.7 345.7 93.1 10.9 70.4 260.8 534.5 428.6 67.6

2005 2.6 15.2 3.2 160.4 65.7 1.8 12.1 100.0 145.5 159.4 825.4 306.9

2006 11.4 0.0 25.8 17.8 37.9 103.4 61.8 12.3 54.0 530.8 310.9 231.8

2007 0.0 49.8 0.0 13.6 36.9 5.1 76.9 181.5 97.2 432.7 162.8 303.4

V. MONTHLY MEAN MAX. TEMP (0C)

2005 30.3 31.5 33.0 32.9 36.4 37.9 36.8 36.6 34.6 32.1 28.8 29.0

2006 29.8 30.8 32.5 35.0 36.4 35.9 36.1 36.4 34.4 31.7 29.8 29.2

2007 30.5 31.0 31.0 33.9 38.3 36.1 36.0 34.0 33.9 32.2 30.7 29.2

VI. MONTHLY MEAN MIN. TEMP (0C)

2005 20.5 20.7 23.5 25.7 26.7 27.0 25.8 25.6 24.9 24.2 22.1 21.5

2006 20.0 20.1 23.2 24.9 25.4 24.5 23.9 23.9 25.2 24.1 23.4 21.3

2007 20.6 21.0 22.3 24.9 26.2 25.9 25.1 24.1 25.2 24.1 21.7 21.4

3.2.2 Rainfall


Chapter III 57

The rainfall data collected for the period from 2004 - 2007 are

presented in Table 3.1. While the predominant rainy season is the

northeast monsoon (Oct-Dec). The region is also influenced to some

extent by southwest monsoon (Jun-Sep). While maximum rainfall of

825.4 mm is received during the month of November 2005, the

minimum of traces is received during February. Monthly Average Rain

fall is shown in Fig. 3.2.

3.2.3 Relative Humidity

The minimum and maximum relative humidity observed in this area

during the year February 2007 & November 2007 is 61% and 91%

respectively.

3.2.4 Wind Direction

The predominant wind direction observed was southwest followed by

South in the month of May and June. The wind rose diagrams are

shown in Fig - 3.3 & 3.4.

3.2.5 Wind Speed

The minimum average wind speed was 4 km/h and the maximum

average wind speed was 18 km/h. The Pasquill stability class for wind

speed is as follows.

Pasquill Stability Class

Surface Wind

Speed (m/s)

(at 10m)

Day Night

Incoming Solar Radiation

Strong Moderate Slight

Thinly overcast

or ≥4/8 low

cloud

≤ 3/8

cloud

< 2 A A-B B E F

2-3 A-B B C E F

3-5 B B-C C D E

5-6 C C-D D D D

> 6 C D D D D


Chapter III 58

Fig 3.1 - Yearly Rainfall (mm) - IMD Station, Cuddalore

500.00

700.00

900.00

1100.00

1300.00

1500.00

1700.00

1900.00

2004 2005 2006 2007

2003-2006

Rai

nfa

ll (

mm

)

Total Rainfall Average

Fig 3.2 - Monthly Average Rainfall (mm) - IMD Station, Cuddalore

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

2004-2007

Rai

nfa

ll (

mm

)

Monthly Average Rainfall


Chapter III 59

Fig. 3.3


Chapter III 60

Fig. 3.4

Note: A = extremely unstable, B = moderately unstable, C = slightly

unstable, D = neutral, E = slightly stable, F = moderately stable.


Chapter III 61

Neutral class D should be assumed for overcast conditions during day

or night.

Table 3.2 � Relations among stability classification schemes

Description Pasquill Turner

(degrees) Brookhaven Ri(2m)

Very unstable A 1 B2 - 0.9 25

Moderately

unstable B 2 B1 - 0.5 20

Slightly unstable C 3 B1 - 0.15 15

Neutral D 4 C 0 10

Moderately stable E 6 - 0.04 5

Very stable F 7 D 0.08 2.5

Note: A = extremely unstable, B = moderately unstable, C = slightly

unstable, D = neutral, E = slightly stable, F = moderately stable.

Neutral class D should be assumed for overcast conditions during day

or night.


Chapter III 62

Table 3.3 � AVERAGE MINIMUM TEMPERATURE (oC) FOR DIFFERENT MONTH

(2004-2007) FROM IMD STATION CUDDALORE

Month 2004 2005 2006 2007 Average

January 20.4 20.5 20 20.6 20.37

February 20.2 20.7 20.1 21.0 20.50

March 23.3 23.5 23.2 22.3 23.07

April 26.5 25.7 24.9 24.9 25.50

May 25.8 26.7 25.4 26.2 26.02

June 25.7 27 24.5 25.9 25.77

July 25.7 25.8 23.9 25.1 25.12

August 26.5 25.6 23.9 24.1 25.02

September 24.3 24.9 25.2 25.2 24.9

October 23.9 24.2 24.1 24.1 24.07

November 22.6 22.1 23.4 21.7 22.45

December 20.8 21.5 21.3 21.4 21.25

Average 23.8 24.0 23.3 23.54 23.67

NOTE : The average temperatures have been calculated on the basis of data available

Source : Indian Meteorological Department


Chapter III 63

Table 3.4 � AVERAGE MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (oC) FOR DIFFERENT MONTHS


Month 2004 2005 2006 2007 Average

January 29.8 30.3 29.8 30.5 30.1

February 30.7 31.5 30.8 31.0 31.0

March 32.4 33 32.5 31.0 32.22

April 34.9 32.9 35 33.9 34.17

May 34.5 36.4 36.4 38.3 36.4

June 35.6 37.9 35.9 36.1 36.37

July 35.1 36.8 36.1 36.0 36.00

August 37.1 36.6 36.4 34.0 36.02

September 32.6 34.6 34.4 33.9 33.87

October 31.7 32.1 31.7 32.2 31.92

November 29.6 28.8 29.8 30.7 29.72

December 29.8 29 29.2 29.2 29.30

Average 32.8 33.3 33.2 33.06 33.09




Chapter III 64

Table 3.5 � MONTHLY RAINFALL DATA

(2004 - 2007) FROM IMD STATION CUDDALORE

Month 2004 2005 2006 2007 Average

January 20.80 2.60 11.40 0.0 8.7

February 0.00 15.20 0.00 49.8 16.25

March 0.00 3.20 25.80 0.0 7.25

April 0.70 160.40 17.80 13.6 48.125

May 345.70 65.70 37.90 36.9 121.55

June 93.10 1.80 103.40 5.1 50./85

July 10.90 12.10 61.80 76.9 40.42

August 70.40 100.00 12.30 181.5 91.05

September 260.80 145.50 54.00 97.2 139.37

October 534.50 159.40 530.80 432.7 414.35

November 428.60 825.40 310.90 162.8 431.92

December 67.60 306.90 231.80 303.4 227.42

Total 1833.10 1798.20 1397.90 113.32 1285.63

NOTE : The average rainfall have been calculated on the basis of data available



Chapter III 65

Table 3.6 � MONTHLY MEAN RELATIVE HUMIDITY (%) AT 0830 HOUR


Month 2004 2005 2006 2007 Average

January 85 85 83 86 84.75

February 80 85 83 83 82.75

March 79 81 77 83 80.00

April 74 84 74 77 77.25

May 78 77 73 69 74.25

June 72 66 70 68 69.00

July 71 68 71 73 70.75

August 66 69 68 78 70.25

September 86 67 72 79 76.00

October 82 80 70 84 79.00

November 91 84 78 85 84.50

December 86 85 88 95 88.50

Average 79.2 77.6 75.6 80 78.10

NOTE : The average relative humidity have been calculated on the basis of data available



Chapter III 66

Table 3.7 � MONTHLY MEAN RELATIVE HUMIDITY (%) AT 1730 HOURS


Month 2004 2005 2006 2007 Average

January 71 63 69 72 68.75

February 66 61 67 70 66.00

March 72 63 69 69 68.25

April 75 79 69 73 74.00

May 76 74 68 71 72.25

June 64 62 69 63 64.50

July 65 63 61 61 62.50

August 62 64 63 71 65.00

September 78 67 66 74 71.25

October 79 73 66 79 74.25

November 74 76 75 79 76.00

December 70 75 76 82 75.75

Average 71.0 68.3 68.2 72 69.87

NOTE : The average relative humidity have been calculated on the basis of data available



Chapter III 67

Table 3.8 � MONTHLY AVERAGE WIND SPEED, 24 HRS (KMPH)


Month 2004 2005 2006 2007 Average

January 4.00 3.00 5.00 5.00 4.25

February 4.00 3.00 5.00 5.00 4.25

March 5.00 4.00 4.00 5.00 4.50

April 6.00 3.00 6.00 6.00 5.25

May 5.00 3.00 7.00 7.00 5.50

June 7.00 5.00 6.00 9.00 6.75

July 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00

August 6.00 5.00 4.00 6.00 5.25

September 4.00 5.00 7.00 6.00 5.50

October 3.00 4.00 4.00 5.00 4.00

November 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00

December 5.00 6.00 6.00 5.00 5.50

Average 4.92 4.25 5.33 5.75 5.06




Chapter III 68


Chapter III 69


Chapter III 70


Chapter III 71

3.3 SOIL QUALITY

In order to assess the base line status of soil quality within the project

site for the purpose of greenbelt development, five sampling stations

were selected. At each location, samples were collected according to

their layers and analyzed for various parameters. The results are

summarized in Table 3.2 and the sampling locations are shown in

Fig3.5.

3.4 WATER QUALITY

Selected water quality parameters of ground water and surface

resources within 10 km radius of the study area has been studied for

assessing the water environment and evaluate anticipated impact of

the proposed distillery unit. Understanding the water quality is

essential in preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment and to

identify critical issues with a view to suggest appropriate mitigation

measures for implementation.

The purpose of this study is to:

Assess the water quality characteristics for critical parameters

Evaluate the impacts on agricultural productivity, habitat

conditions, recreational resources and aesthetics in the vicinity

and

Prediction of impact on water quality by this project and related

activities.

The summaries of analytical results of water quality of the five

sampling stations are presented in Table 3.3 and the sampling

locations are shown in Fig 3.6.


Chapter III 72

Table 3.9 � Soil Quality

Parameters Sampling Locations

SS1 SS2 SS3 SS4 SS5 SS6 SS7 SS8

pH 6.3 6.9 6.8 6.3 6.7 6.8 6.7 6.5

EC Decisiements / mmhos / cm

19.0 13.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 9.0 16.0 8.0

Mac

ro

Nut

rien

t (K

g/ac

re) N 127 108 99 126 96 88 121 89

P 5.9 6.1 4.7 6.9 5.5 4.6 7.3 5.4

K 46 49.6 39 54 62 49 68 60

Mic

ro N

utri

ent

ppm

Zn 1.3 1.2 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.0

Cu 1.0 1.4 0.9 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.3

Mn 1.8 1.6 1.5 2.2 1.9 1.8 3.3 1.0

Fe 3.4 3.1 2.7 2.5 2.8 2.6 2.1 1.8

Natural Moisture Content (%)

1.4 5.6 0.90 1.1 0.8 1.7 3.7 2.7

Grain Size Distribution

Gravel (%) 1 - 2 - - 1 - 1

Sand (%) 31 32 23 26 37 21 24 33

Slit (%) 47 42 42 46 39 45 50 47

Clay (%) 20 26 33 28 24 33 26 19

Textural Class Silty Loam

Silty Clay Loam

Sandy Silty Loam

Silty Loam

Sandy Silty

Sandy Loam

Silty Silty Loam

SS1 - Factory site SS5 - Kudikkadu

SS2 - Karaikadu SS6 - Tondamankuppam

SS3 - Annavalli SS7 - Mavadippalaiyam

SS4 - Sedappalaiyam SS8 - Karaiyervittakuppam


Chapter III 73

Table 3.10 � Characteristics of Water

S. No. Parameters SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW5 SW6 SW7 SW8

1. pH 6.6 6.4 6.8 6.3 6.9 6.1 6.8 7.6

2. Colour (Visual) Colourless

3. Odour Odourless

4. Turbidity (NTU) 2 1 2 NIL 3 NIL NIL 3

5. Total Suspended

Solids BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

6. Total alkalinity (CaCo3) 19 23 48 98 123 84 102 93

7. Total hardness

(CaCo3) 137 152 191 83 162 89 44 69

8. Calcium (Ca) 38 46 56 20 57 31 10 21

9. Magnesium (Mg) 10 46 20 6 28 12 3 7

10. Iron (Fe) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

11. Chlorides (Cl) 84 106 130 56 104 62 28 57

12. Sulphates (SO4) 36 43 31 13 36 30 11 12

13. Fluorides (F) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

14. Nitrates (NO3) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

15. Total dissolved solids 296 301 283 150 293 191 71 143

Source Bore

well

Bore

well Bore

well Bore

well Bore

well Bore

well Bore

well Bore

well

Except items (1) and (5) all values are expressed in mg/l.

BDL - Below Detectable Limit

SS1 - Factory site SS5 - Kudikkadu

SS2 - Karaikadu SS6 - Tondamankuppam

SS3 - Annavalli SS7 - Mavadippalaiyam

SS4 - Sedappalaiyam SS8 - Karaiyervittakuppam


Chapter III 74


Chapter III 75

3.5 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY

The ambient air quality with respect to the study zone of 10 km radius

around the proposed distillery site forms the baseline information. The

various sources of all air pollution on the region are found to be very

low. The prime objective of the baseline air quality study was to

assess the existing air quality of the area. This will also be useful for

assessing the conformity to standards of the ambient air quality during

the operation of the proposed distillery unit. The study area

represents mostly rural environment.

The analysis of air quality data including 98th percentile, arithmetic

mean, standard deviation of SPM, SO2 & NOx are presented in Tables

3.4 to 3.6 and the sampling location are shown in Fig 3.7.

3.5.1 Frequency and Parameters for Sampling

Frequency of Monitoring

The following frequency has been adopted for sampling:

Ambient air quality monitoring has been carried out with a

frequency of two days per week at eight locations.

Parameters

The baseline data of air environment is generated for the following

parameters:

Total Suspended Particulate Matter (TSPM);

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)


Chapter III 76

Duration of Sampling

The sampling duration for Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), SO2

and NOx is twenty four hourly continuous samples per day.

Method of Analysis

The air samples are analyzed as per standard methods specified by

Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), IS: 5184 and American Public

Health Organization (APHA).

Table 3.11�Ambient Air Quality Status (SPM) � April and June 2008

Averaging Time: 24 Hrs Unit : microg/m3

SA.

No. Sampling Station

Bearing

*

Distance

* (KM) Max Min

Arithmetic

Mean

Standard

Deviation

98th

Percentile

SA1 Factory Area -- -- 147 117 135.83 8.52 147

SA2 Pachayankuppam NE 1.6 142 104 126.37 8.28 142

SA3 Ponniyankuppam NW 4.0 135 110 127.16 6.08 135

SA4 Karaikadu SW 4.8 138 118 127.20 6.37 138

SA5 Karaikadu SW 4.4 139 114 126.66 6.76 139

SA6 Kudikkadu S 4.5 128 101 121.70 6.28 128

SA7 Karayervittakuppm NW 3.0 118 106 108.91 3.22 118

SA8 Sedappalaiyam SW 7.7 115 98 109.91 5.46 115

* With respect to project site

Permissible limit of SPM for industrial area = 500 microg/m3

Permissible limit of SPM for residential & Rural area = 200 microg/m3


Chapter III 77

Table 3.12 �Ambient Air Quality Status (RPM)�April to June 2008

Averaging Time: 24 Hrs Unit: microg/m3

SA.


Bearing

*

Distance

* (KM) Max Min

Arithmeti

c Mean

Standard

Deviation

98th

Percentile

SA1 Factory Area -- -- 58 46 51.29 3.43 58



SA4 Karaikadu SW 4.8 51 40 42.95 3.23 51

SA5 Karaikadu SW 4.4 45 38 38.83 1.73 45

SA6 Kudikkadu S 4.5 41 34 38.25 3.20 41




Permissible limit of RPM for industrial area = 150 microg/m3

Permissible limit of RPM for residential & Rural area = 100 micro g/m3

Table 3.13�Ambient Air Quality Status (SO2) � April and June 2008

Averaging time: 24 hrs. Unit: microg/m3

SA.


Bearing

*

Distance*

(KM) Max Min

Arithmet

ic Mean

Standard

Deviation

98th

Percentile

SA1 Factory Area -- -- 17 12 13.83 1.68 17



SA4 Karaikadu SW 4.8 14 9 11.54 1.88 14

SA5 Karaikadu SW 4.4 15 11 13.16 1.46 15

SA6 Kudikkadu S 4.5 12 7 8.95 1.48 12




Permissible limit of SO2 for industrial area = 120 micro g/m3

Permissible limit of SO2 for residential & Rural area = 80 micro g/m3


Chapter III 78

Table 3.14�Ambient Air Quality Status (NOx) � April and June 2008

Averaging Time : 24 hrs. Unit : microg/m3

SA.


Bearing

*

Distance*

(KM) Max Min

Arithmetic

Mean

Standard

Deviation

98th

Percentile

SA1 Factory Area -- -- 30 21 25.20 2.87 30



SA4 Karaikadu SW 4.8 21 15 18.79 1.97 21

SA5 Karaikadu SW 4.4 24 17 20.66 2.25 24

SA6 Kudikkadu S 4.5 18 14 16.20 1.47 18




Permissible limit of NOX for Industrial area = 120 microg/m3

Permissible limit of NOX for residential & Rural area = 80 microg/m3


Chapter III 79


Chapter III 80

3.6 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

The physical description of sound concerns its loudness as a function

of frequency. Noise in general is sound, which is composed of many

frequency components of various loudness, distributed over the

audible frequency range. Various noise scales have been introduced to

describe, in a single number, the response of an average human to a

complex sound made up of various frequencies at different loudness

levels. The most common and universally accepted scale is the A

weighted Scale which is measured as dB (A). This is more suitable for

audible range of 20 to 20,000 Hz. The scale has been designed to

weigh various components of noise according to the response of a

human ear. The impact of noise sources on surrounding community

depends on:

Characteristics of noise sources (instantaneous, intermittent or

continuous in nature). It can be observed that steady noise is

not as annoying as one, which is continuously varying in

loudness;

The time of day at which noise occurs, for example high noise

levels at night in residential areas are not acceptable because of

sleep disturbance; and

The location of the noise source, with respect to noise sensitive

landuse, which determines the loudness and period of exposure.

The environmental impact of noise can have several effects varying

from Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) to annoyance depending on

loudness of noise. The environmental impact assessment of noise from

construction activity, vehicular traffic can be undertaken by taking into

consideration various factors like potential damage to hearing,

physiological responses, annoyance and general community responses.


Chapter III 81

Noise survey has been conducted in the study area while covering

zones viz., residential, industrial and commercial. Noise monitoring

has been undertaken for 24 hr at each location.

The main objective of noise monitoring in the study area is to establish

the baseline noise levels and assess the impact of the total noise

generated by the operation of the proposed distillery unit activities

around it.

The details of sampling locations with respect to the plant site and the

equivalent day night levels are tabulated in Table 3.7 and the sampling

stations are shown in Fig 3.8.

Table 3.15 � Equivalent Day-Night Noise Level Details

SA.

No. Village Bearing *

Distance

(km)

Equivalent Levels dB(A)

Day Night

SN1. Factory Area -- -- 62 55

SN2. Karaikadu NE 1.6 58 51

SN3. Annavalli NW 4.0 55 48

SN4. Sedappalaiyam SW 4.8 58 51

SN5. Kudikkadu SW 4.4 60 53

SN6 Tondamankuppam S 4.5 57 49

SN7 Mavadippalaiyam NW 3.0 51 44

SN8 Karaiyervittakuppam SW 7.7 52 48


Day Night

Permissible limit for Industrial Area - 75 70

Permissible limit for Rural Area - 55 45


Chapter III 82


Chapter III 83

3.7 LAND USE STUDIES

Studies on land use aspects of eco-system plays an important role in

identifying sensitive issues and to take appropriate action by

maintaining �Ecological Homeostasis� in the past and present

development of the region.

3.7.1 Objectives

The objectives of land use studies are:

To determine the present land use pattern

To determine the temporal changes in land use pattern over a

period of ten years or so

To analyze the impacts on land use due to proposed distillery

unit activities in the study area and

To give recommendations for optimizing the future land use

pattern vis-à-vis growth of plant activities in the study area and

its associated impacts.

3.7.2 Methodology

For the study of land use, of secondary data like census data hand

book, regional maps regarding topography, zoning settlement,

industry, forest etc., was referred. The data was collected from

various sources like District census hand book, Revenue records, State

and Central Government offices and Survey of India (SOI) Toposheets,

and also through primary field surveys.

3.8 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

3.8.1 Vegetation & Wildlife Impact Analysis

Vegetation & Wildlife are important features of the Environment, and

they present special problems in environmental assessment. Living

things are adapted to their setting and they organized into natural


Chapter III 84

groupings or communities, with mutual dependencies among their

members, and they show various responses and sensitivity to outside

influence. The countless life cycle modes, forms and activities of plants

and animals are very important for considering in their assessment.

Most organisms are native to the area in which they are found, but

some may be alien. Retention or removal of natural communities and

their replacement with domestic forms have numerous implications

that must be considered both ecologically and economically.

Biological Environment Assessment

A habitat or an area comprises of different kinds of plants and animals

within its boundary. The distribution of flora and fauna in the given

area represents the biological environment. The biological portion of

the environment includes, what is present in the study area, its values,

its responses to impacts description of community uniqueness, the

dominant species, and an evaluation of rare or endangered species.

Study Area - an Outline

The study area covers a radius of 10 km around factory site. The

entire study area has been divided into 2-circles of 5 km radius and 10

km radius.

Field Monitoring Stations

The field monitoring stations were installed in four different locations

in 5km radius area and another four locations were installed in 5 to 10

km radius area. The bio-diversity studies were carried out in

seventeen transacts points of 10 km radius.

Analysis of Vegetation in 5 km Radius

The study sites falling under the 5km radius are villages (9 sites)

except the site. The vegetation recorded in this radius shows a


Chapter III 85

dominance of prosopis Juliflora, Cassia auriculata, Azadirachra indica

and Cocos nucifera.

Analysis of Vegetation in 10 km Radius

In the 10km radius, the vegetation analysis was carried out in 8-study

site.

The vegetation in this area shows dominance of Mangifera

indica,Anacardium occidentale,Delonix regia, Casuaraina equisetifolia,

ficus bengaliensis, Eucalyptuslaceolatus, Tamarindus indicus, Borassus

flaellifer, Cocos nucifera, Acacia nilotica, Prosophis juliaflora, Polyalthia

longifolia,Pongamia pinnata, Cassia occidentalis,Achyranthus aspera,

Calotrophis gigatean, Cassia auntrculata, Datura metal, Fuphorbia

antiquorium, Oryza sativa,Arachis hypozia, Hibiscus rosa sinensis,

Tribulus terrestris and few species of grasses like Cyprus sps.

Fauna Assessment

The animal life (fauna) of an area is dependent upon the vegetation,

and there are countless relationships between the species composing

of an animal community. Fauna assessment involves more problems

than flora assessment by virtue of the greater variety animal types,

their mobility and behavior. Fauna assessment provides a basis for

determining relative abundance and evaluating commonness or rarity

of each species encountered.

In the study area, the animal survey was conducted in all the sampling

sites along with the plants. The study includes survey of the animal

communities such as insects, Lesser sardines, Perches, Leiagnathus,

squirrel, dogs, cats, goats, mollusks, fishes, reptiles, birds and

mammals.


Chapter III 86

Insects

Totally 47 species of insects are recorded in the study area belonging

to 14 order and 34-families. The broadly come under the categories

are flies, stone - flies, dragon and damsel flies, grass hopper, and

crickets, cockroaches, mantids, white ants, bugs, beetles, wasps, ants,

butter flies, moths, mosquitoes and common house flies.

The environmental interactions of these insects reveal that, they are

interrelated and majority of them are useful insects, however natural

and harmful insects are also found in the list. There are no rare and

endangered species recorded in the study area.

Mollusca

The phylum mollusca includes the animal like mussel, snail, oyesters

etc. The following molluscs were identified in study area.

1. Pila globosa

2. Fresh water mussel

3. Ariophanta

The Pila globosa (apple snail) was commonly found in ponds, tanks

and paddy fields. The ariophanta was found near a water body. The

fresh water mussel was found at the bottom of the lakes and ponds

partly buried in the mud.

Snakes

The snakes recorded in the study area include four species viz., rat

snake, cobra, sussels viper and saw scaled viper.

Birds

In the study area totally 40-bird species were identified. The

occurrence of birds in various locations largely depends on site


Chapter III 87

characteristics. The presence of birds at different study sites reveal

that there is very good relationship between the birds and its habitat

along with the vegetation. The maintenance of ecological balance could

be seen among study area.

3.9 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

Any development activity will have impact on the socio-economic

conditions of the population in the region and thereby on the quality of

life. Socio-economic survey plays an important role in the preparation

of Environmental Impact Assessment statement to get the idea of

changes on social, economical and cultural status. Baseline data for

demographic characteristics, occupational status and health amenities

existing in the study area were collected.

3.9.1 Reconnaissance

Detailed socio-economic survey was carried out within 10 km radius of

the proposed plant to assess the socio-economic status of the

population. Information of Socio-Economic profile of the villages were

collected from Panchayat union office and Statistical Department.

3.9.2 Population

Total population of the 7 villages within 10 km radius from the project

site is 23115. The male to female ratio is 100:99. The detail of

population is given in Table 3.8

3.9.3 Power and Energy

Almost all the villages in the study area are electrified. Firewood and

cooking gas (LPG) are the chief sources of cooking fuels.


Chapter III 88

3.9.4 Agriculture

The area is having two main cropping seasons Viz, Kharif (June-

September), and Rabi (October-March). Due to insufficient irrigation

facilities, the productivity of land is moderate. Irrigation is mainly

dependent on ground water and rain. The major crops include cotton

and other rain fed food grains.

3.9.5 Occupation

"Work" has been defined as participation in any economically

productive activity. Such participation may be physical or mental.

Persons on leave and training are also treated as workers. However

rent receivers and pensioners were not treated as workers.

3.9.6 Workers

Main workers are those, who work for a major part of the year. Main

activity of a person who was engaged in more than one activity are

reckoned in terms of time disposition.

Main workers are classified into 3 categories viz., Cultivators,

Agricultural Labourers, and Other Workers. The worker details are

given in Table 3.9.

The person who is engaged either as employer, single worker or family

worker in cultivation of land owned is termed as cultivators.

Persons working in other�s land for wages or share in the yield have

been treated as "Agricultural Labourers".

3.9.7 Others

All workers i.e. those who have engaged in some economic activity

during the last one year, who are not cultivators or agricultural

Labours are other workers. This type of workers that come under this


Chapter III 89

category include foundry workers, plantation workers, those in trades,

commerce, business, transport, mining, construction, political or social

works, all government servants, municipal employees, teachers,

priests, entertainment artists etc.

3.9.8 Marginal Workers

Marginal workers are those who have worked at any time in the year

preceding the enumeration but have not worked for a major part of

the year.

Non-workers constitute households, students, dependents, retired

persons etc.

3.9.9 Education and Literacy

A person who can both read and write with understanding in any one

of the languages will be treated as "Literate".

3.9.10 Transport and Communication

Transport facilities are quite good in the study area. All the villages in

the area are linked either by pucca or kutcha roads. The state highway

connecting Chidambaram � Pondichery passes in the western direction

.


Chapter III 90

Table 3.16 � Details of Population

(as per 2001 census data)

S.No Name of the Villages

No. of

House

Holds

Male Female Total Literates Cultivators Agriculture Labours

Male Female Male Female Male Female

1. Pachayankuppam 1675 4046 4065 8111 2733 2112 55 11 153 16

2. Ponnaiyankuppam 10 24 24 45 8 4 8 0 2 0

3. Kudikkadu 802 1942 1893 3835 1265 920 53 1 71 35

4. Karaikkadu 1160 5271 2635 2636 1687 1208 146 24 280 180

5. Annavalli 947 2174 2144 4318 1399 1028 299 112 605 523

6. Karaiyeravittakuppam 304 694 668 1362 507 368 9 2 76 18

7. Sembankuppam 642 1427 1381 2808 930 669 74 6 143 68


Chapter IV 91

4.0 IMPACT ANALYSIS

4.1 PREAMBLE

The predictions of worst possible impact scenario along with baseline

status of environment helps in identification of appropriate mitigate

measures in the planning stage to minimize environmental damage.

It is therefore necessary to identify the critical likely impacts due to

setting up of this unit for various attributes of environment, if no

pollution control measures are adopted.

Proposed project would create impacts on the environment in two

distinct phases.

1. During construction phase which may be regarded as temporary

or short term.

2. The other during the operational phase, which would have long-

term effects.

The environmental impacts in this study have, as such, been discussed

separately for the construction phase and operational phase of the

industry.

4.2 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The construction phase impacts are expected to be minimal, as for as

construction of the main units are concerned.

During the construction phase, the following activities among others

are considered to be important towards development of impact.

a) Site preparation

b) Excavation and back filling

c) Piling, cutting and drilling

d) Mixing of concrete and mortar


Chapter IV 92

e) Concrete construction

f) Erection of steel structures

g) Road construction

h) Painting and finishing

i) Cleanup operations

j) Landscaping and afforestation

In our industry proper planning work of construction will be engaged,

so that the impact due to construction phase will be very low.

4.2.1 Land Transportation and Construction

Construction does not involve any heavy construction equipment.

Transportation of raw material through trucks may not affect traffic in

the main roads.

4.2.2 Land Use

Presently land is not used for agriculture or any other use. The land

was once used for rain fed agriculture, which has been stopped

permanently for past few years.

4.2.3 Water Resources

Any construction activity will need water for mixing cement mortar and

concrete. The demand at present case will vary from 10 to 20 cubic

metre per day depending on the day to day activity. Average demand

shall be 15 cubic metre per day.

The construction shall take place for two to three months.

4.2.4 Air Quality

Air quality will be disturbed by erosion of soil during earthwork and

masonry work. To avoid unnecessary inconvenience, water will be

sprayed on soil heap.


Chapter IV 93

4.2.5 Service System

No service system will be disturbed even if it intends to ship out the

materials in peak hours.

4.2.6 Biological Conditions

The present site is devoid of trees and shrubs. The only vegetation

covered on the land is grass, which will be disturbed and some part

will be lost in construction activity. This could lead to soil erosion.

Hence site without structures will be covered with vegetation.

4.2.7 Transportation System

It may not affect traffic as discussed earlier even if it intends to ship

out the materials in peak hours.

4.2.8 Noise

Noise will be created in the site due to construction activity. Reducing

the activities from 5pm to 9am so as to avoid noise in the evening and

night period will give pleasant feelings to everybody.

4.2.9 Aesthetics

Scenery will be disturbed due to construction activity. This is of less

concern to public as there is no settlement in and around the site.

4.2.10 Community Structure

Community structure will be benefited by generation of employment.

Around 100 jobs will be created for three months during the

construction.

4.2.11 Accident Risk

Accidents may occur during construction which could be avoided with

proper supervision and hiring skilled labour along with proper

planning.


Chapter IV 94

4.2.12 Resources

Fuel resource will meet by trucks during construction period.

Purchasing the raw material in nearest place and proper planning of

routes could minimize this. Water resources are conserved by

adopting new techniques with new materials like concrete blocks

instead of bricks, which needs less water compared with later.

The proper schedule of construction will be planned. The

construction work will take about 3 to 4 months.

4.3 OPERATIONAL PHASE

In the operational phase, the important activities contributing to

environmental impacts, either adverse or beneficial are as follows.

a) Material Handling

b) Consumption of Water

c) Consumption of Power

d) Wastewater Discharge and Control

e) Atmosphere Emission

f) Air Pollution Control Measures

g) Employment of Personnel

4.3.1 Land Transportation and Construction

Implementation of the project will improve erodability and soil stability

with revegetation.

4.3.2 Land Use

The proposed activity needs the land, which is inside the same

premises due to the nature of product.

Land Environment will be deteriorated with


Chapter IV 95

a) Production of solid waste






HDPE barrels over

impervious platform

under closed shed

2. Salt from



4.

Discarded


/ liners used for

hazardous waste /

Chemicals

3.75 T/M ---- T/M


out to authorized

vendors.

5.

Chemical

containing residue

from

decontamination



refiner



8. Fly Ash from


9. Sludge from



Chapter IV 96

b) Change in surface permittivity and grading

Construction of plant and roads will change the natural

characteristic of the surface. Addition of impervious surface could

add to marginal increase in runoff, which in turn could lead to soil

erosion in case that soil is improperly vegetated.

c) Aesthetics

Developing greenbelt inside and outside the industry will give

aesthetics value. The greater lawn in the vacant space will also

give pleasant aesthetics value.

4.3.3 Water Resources

An average of around 472 cu. meter of raw water will be needed per

day. Hence 472 cu.m per day x 30 day per month = 14160

cu.m/month will be consumed. This will be met by water from SIPCOT

Water Supply.

4.3.4 Water Impact

Sl.No. Waste Water

Details

Quantity per Day

Method of Disposal Existing

m3/Day

After

Expansion

m3/Day

1. Sewage 9.0 19.0

Marine Disposal

through M/s.Cusecs

Conveyance Main

2. Trade Effluent 110.0 172.0

Neutralized and

evaporated by Multiple

Effect Evaporator

Detailed wastewater management plan is described in Chapter V.


Chapter IV 97

4.3.5 Air Environment

S.No. Description Air Pollution control Measures

Existing

1. 8 MT FBC Imported coal

fire boiler 30 m height 550mm dia of common

stack has been provided. 2. Boiler (6 T )

3. Boiler (6 T & 4T) 30 m height 550mm dia of common

stack has been provided.

4. DG Set (725 KVA) 6 m height 350mm dia of twinstack with

acoustic measures has been provided.

5. DG Set (500 KVA) 6 m height 350mm dia of stack with




7. Storage tank and

Transfer Points

5 m height 75mm dia of stack has been

provided.

8.

Vents of process reactors

in DV Acid chloride /

PMT/ CMT/ DMT

manufacturing section.

6.5 m height 75mm dia of stack has

been provided.

Expansion

9. DG Set (1750 KVA) 10 m height of stack with acoustic

measures will be provided.

10. Storage tank and

Transfer Points 10 m height of stack will be provided.

4.3.6 Service System

Service system including transportation will be unaffected even in peak

hours.

4.3.7 Biological Conditions

Emission of particulate matter along with oxides will affect vegetation

around the unit. The effects may vary from bleaching of leaves,

reduction in effective leaf area for photosynthesis to adverse damage

like death. This could be overcome by following proper environment

management plan.


Chapter IV 98

4.3.8 Transportation System

This unit may not affect traffic as discussed earlier, if it intends to ship

out the materials even in peak hours.

a) The common traffic density in the Highway is as follows:

Heavy Vehicles - 28 nos. / hr.

(Bus, Lorry, Trucks)

Light Vehicles - 16 nos. / hr.

(Jeep, Car)

Two Wheelers - 27 nos. / hr.

The traffic density due to transportation of raw materials and products

will be very low, by means of lorries and truckers 75-125 times per

month.

Raw material Transportation

Raw material is easily available in Cuddalore where many similar units

are already in operation.

4.3.9 Noise Impact

In this process, there will be no chance for generating any noise inside

the process area.

Adequate greenbelt cover is provided in and around the Industry to

maintain the prescribed noise level. So the impact on noise

environment will be minimum.

4.3.10 Aesthetics

Any structure built in the centre of plain area will look aesthetically

unpleasant. To overcome this, a green screen of tall trees will be

added which will also help in several other ways.

4.3.11 Community Structure

Socio-economic environment will be benefited by following ways.


Chapter IV 99

Due to the proposed project, indirect employment to the extent of 50

will be generated. The Government revenue from the project will

increase by way of direct and indirect taxes, duties, etc. It will also

increase availability in the local market of steel castings of high

quality. The infrastructure development will get an impetus with this

industrial growth. Communications, transport, schools, hospitals,

trade and commerce will indirectly get an impetus.

a) Generation of employment

The proposed project on implementation will generate 300 potential

jobs directly, and will also generate many indirect job

opportunities.

4.3.12 Hazardous

The unit will handle the hazardous material by proper planning and

safety aspects. Hence the community shall not have any danger on

the unit.

4.3.13 Resources

The industry draws the power from TNEB 1975 KVA. After expansion

the power requirement will be 2700 KVA will be met easily.


Chapter V 100

5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A comprehensive Environmental Management Plan is suggested to

minimize pollution load on air, water, land and socio-economic

environment.

5.1 WASTE MINIMIZATION

The waste minimization forms a part of the Environmental

Management Plan to minimize waste load. The management

commitment is one of the important factors deciding waste

management plan.

5.1.1 Management Commitment

Management initiative, commitment and involvement are key elements

in any waste reduction programme and include activities such as:

Employee awareness and participation

Improved operating procedures

Employee training

Improved scheduling of processes

Employee training, awareness and participation are critically important

and can be problematic aspects of waste minimization programmes.

Total commitment and support of management and employees are

needed for any waste minimization programme to succeed. This

includes the evaluation, implementation and maintenance of

techniques and technologies to minimize waste. It is advised to use

mass balances around the facilities and processes to identify areas

where waste is occurring, perhaps unknowingly. The use of good

process is also recommended.

The technical personnel should continuously educate themselves to

keep abreast of improved waste-reducing, pollution preventing


Chapter V 101

technology. Information sources can help industry to know about such

technology through trade associations and journals, conferences and

industry newsletters. By implementing better technology, the industry

can often take advantage of the dual benefits of reduced waste

generation and a more cost efficient operation.

5.1.2 Raw Material Selection

Raw material is easily available in Cuddalore where many similar units

are already in operation.

5.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT

S.No. Description Air Pollution control Measures

Existing

1. 8 MT FBC Imported coal

fire boiler 30 m height 550mm dia of common

stack has been provided. 2. Boiler (6 T )

3. Boiler (6 T & 4T) 30 m height 550mm dia of common

stack has been provided.

4. DG Set (725 KVA) 6 m height 350mm dia of twinstack with






7. Storage tank and

Transfer Points

5 m height 75mm dia of stack has been

provided.

8.

Vents of process reactors

in DV Acid chloride /

PMT/ CMT/ DMT

manufacturing section.

6.5 m height 75mm dia of stack has

been provided.

Expansion

9. DG Set (1750 KVA) 10 m height of stack with acoustic

measures will be provided.

10. Storage tank and

Transfer Points 10 m height of stack will be provided.


Chapter V 102


Noise generated from the industry would be minimized by the

following preventive measures.

Providing sound attenuators for ventilation ductwork.

Installing mufflers on any duct openings for the passage of cooling

air.

Developing a thick greenbelt.

Providing shock-absorbing technique to reduce impact providing

noise barriers, silencers etc. in the equipment.

5.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT

The Trade Effluent from process has been neutralized and evaporated

by multiple effect evaporator.

The domestic sewage Disposed through Marine by M/s.Cusecs

Conveyance Main

Characteristics of Effluent (Untreated effluent):

pH - 8.6

Colour � Pale to dare brown

Temperature - Ambient

Total Suspended Solids - 500mg/l

Total Dissolved Solids - 6000mg/l

BOD, 5 days 200c - 2500mg/l

COD mg/l - 6000mg/l

Oil & Grease - 100mg/l

Nitrates - 150mg/l

Chlorides - 2000mg/l

Phosphates - 20mg/l

Phenolic compounds - 0.07

Cyanides as CN - <0.02MG/L

Sulphates as SO4 - 800mg/l

Total Residual Chlorine as Cl2 - <0.02mg/l


Chapter V 103

Lead as Pb - 22.0 mg/l

5.4.1 Effluent Treatment Plant

a) Treatment Flow Chart


Chapter V 104

b) Effuent Treatment Plant Design Details

EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT

Dimension in Meters

(i)

Oil Skimming & Collection

Sump (3 Nos) :

Size of the tank 4.65m x 3m x 2.5m

Size of the tank : 4.0mx4.0mx2.0m

Size of the tank : 3.5mx1.5mx2m

(ii) Holding Tank (2 Nos)

Big Tank : 13m x 6m x 3m

Small Tank : 1.6m x 3.0m x 1.80m

(iii) Equalization Tank

Size of the tank : 13.0mx6.0mx2.5(LD)+0.5FB

Free Board : 0.3 m

(iv)

Neutralization Tank

(2 Nos)

Size of the Tank : 3mx2.0mx3m

Size of the Tank : 3mx2.0mx3m

(v) Chemical Dosing Tank

Capacity : 1 KL capacity

No. of tanks : 1 No. (PVC) / 1 No. (MS)

(vi) Evaporator Feed Tank

Size of the tank : 10mx4.5mx3m

(vii) Multiple Effect Evaporator (Five Effect)

Effluent Input Capacity : 9 KL/hr

Concentrate Output Capacity : 0.6 KL/hr

Condensate Output Capacity : 8.4 KL/hr

Feed Pump : 10 hp

Concentrate Pump (7 Nos.) : 3 hp

Circulation Pump : 30 hp

Mother liquor Pump : 1.1 hp

Vaccum Pump (2 Nos.) : 15 hp

Vaccum Seal waterPump : 5 hp

Centrifuge Motor :

10 hp


Chapter V 105

Detention period : 24 hrs

(viii)

Sodium Cyanide bearing

collection Tank (2 Nos

HDPE Tanks)

Size of the tank : 8 Kl capcity HDPE tank

Size of the tank : 8 Kl capcity HDPE tank

c) Effluent Treatment Plant Process Description:

1. The effluent from various process plants and utility plant is collected in

the collection sump

2. The effluent from collection sump is pumped through oil skimmer, in

which it removes oil and grease substances mixed with effluent

3. Then the effluent from collection sump is transferred to equalization

tank, in this tank various types of effluents get mixed and to form a

uniform composition

4. In neutralization tank the effluents taken from equalization tank by

gravity, by opening the over flow valve up to around 250cm liquid

height

5. Effluents stirred for 15 minutes and sampled to check PH

6. If the pH is acidic that is < 7. Then lye or lime solution is added till PH

is 9. Then add alum or acid solution till PH is 7to7.5.

7. If the PH is alkaline that is PH>7. Then acid or solution is added to it

till PH is 7to 7.5.

8. After adjusting PH 7 to 7.5, the effluent is pumped to evaporator balance tank.


Chapter V 106

5.4.2 Sewage Treatment Plant


Chapter V 107

a) Sewage Treatment Plant Design Details:

(i) Septic Tank (2 Nos)

Size of the tank : 3.7m x2.0m x 2.0m

Size of the tank : 1.9m x1.35m x1.75m

(ii) Aeration Tank

Size of the tank : 15.5mx4mx3.5m

(iii) Settling Tank (3 Nos)

Size of the tank : 4.0mx1.0mx3.5m

Size of the tank 4.0mx1.0mx3.5m

Size of the tank 4.0mx1.0mx3.5m

(iv) Pressure sand Filter

Size of the Filter : 1.5 m dia x 2.0m HOS

(v)

Activated Carbon

Filter

Size of the filter : 1.5 m dia x 2.0m HOS

(vi) Guard Pond (2 Nos)

Size of the tank : 2.0 x 2.0 x 2.0 m

Size of the tank : 3.0 x 2.5 x 2.0 m

(viii) Sludge Drying Bed

Size of the bed (2 Nos.) : 5.0m x5.0m x 1.0 TH

b) Sewage Treatment Process Description:

Sewage Effluent collection and equalization:

1. The Sewage effluent from Toilet and canteen Are collected in the

separate pit

2. In this Sewage effluents are pumping to the Aeration system

Aeration system:

1. In aerator the overflow from the aerator goes to the primarily settler

and than secondary settler

2. Over flow from secondary settler the treated sewage Effluent are

collected in separate tank.


Chapter V 108

Sand filter/Activated carbon filter:

The treated sewage effluent is pumped via sand filter and activated

carbon filter from the collection sump and then pumped to Guard

pond.

Discharge of treated sewage effluent:

1. From the guard pond treated sewage effluents are pumped CUSECS

common sump.

2. During the time of pumping the following parameters are recorded

online with data logger.

3. The on line data logger parameters are displayed in the board

5.5 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT






HDPE barrels over

impervious platform

under closed shed

2. Salt from



4.

Discarded


/ liners used for

hazardous waste /

Chemicals

3.75 T/M ---- T/M


out to authorized

vendors.

5.

Chemical

containing residue

from

decontamination



refiner


Chapter V 109



8. Fly Ash from


9. Sludge from


5.6 LAND ENVIRONMENT

To minimize air and noise pollution, a greenbelt of adequate width and

density should be raised inside the factory premises. A norm of about

1500 plants per hectare can be followed to develop the greenbelt.


The project is located in an area exclusively ear-marked for industries

by the Government of Tamil Nadu. Hence no land is being

acquisitioned from the local residents as well as external agencies.

5.8 POST-PROJECT ENVIRONMENT MONITORING

In order to carry out the above, the project authorities should provide

adequate environmental laboratory to carry out the testing of the

various environmental components.

5.9 CONTROL MEASURES FOR SAFETY & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Safety

Well-planned and systematic safety management practices will provide

safe working conditions. Careful storage and handling of chemicals

will ensure safety in the unit. Accident reviews and monitoring will be

done strictly and regularly to prevent accidents. Provision of personal

protective equipment for body, legs, eyes, face, arms etc., will be

supplied. All the prescribed safety practices will be strictly observed

for transport, storage and handling of chemicals and other toxic


Chapter V 110

materials. Periodic checking, with standing tests will be done for

electrolytic bath, rectifier etc.

Safety reviews and meetings will be held periodically and accident

reviews and safe practices will be conducted. Safety training will be

imparted to staff frequently. Safety officer will be appointed to

oversee and be responsible for safe status of operations and

equipment. From point of view of safety, all the materials will be

transported in covered manner.

Systems & Procedures

The following guidelines will be followed for ensuring safety:

1. Issuance of standing instructions of safety;

2. Hazardous materials information and control;

3. Preparation and issuance of material safety data sheet and safety

manuals

4. Regular inspection of all aspects of safety;

5. Conducting regular safety audits;

6. Reporting of accidents, failures and �near-misses�;

7. Database and documentation of all safety related information;

8. Inspection of storage, transport and handling of hazardous

materials and safety measures;

9. Inspection and maintenance of all safety equipment including

personnel protection gear and especially that relating to fire

fighting;

10. Identification of personnel who will co-ordinate and take charge

during an emergency;

11. Risk analysis preparation to identify possible risk prone areas and

processes;

12. Identify personnel to co-ordinate and take charge of various

functions and train them in safety measures required in the event

of disaster;


Chapter V 111

13. Identify and establish communication lines with local and state

authorities to meet the challenges of disaster;

14. Ensure that the necessary equipment such as boots, ear muffs

helmets, protective overalls, gloves, goggles etc are readily

available;

15. Maintain adequate inventory of first aid kits and essential drugs;

16. Display posters, indicating action plan in case of disaster;

17. Immediate reaction to disaster shall be evacuation of all persons

except those equipped with safety appliances, from the place of

disaster;

18. Take precautionary measures such as providing wet towels and

respirators.

Occupational Health

As adequate protective measures for pollution abatement will be

taken, as described earlier, no occupational health problems are

envisaged. However, periodic monitoring, for prompt detection of any

problem in this regard, will be regularly carried out.

Periodical checks for workers and staff will be done to detect and

occupational health problems and corrective measures will be taken

promptly. Protective devices such as Boots, Helmets, Hand Gloves,

Safety Marks, Goggles, Masks, Aprons Ear Plugs and Ear Muffs etc.,

will be provided to workers to avoid exposure in hazardous areas.

Besides in order to reduce occurrence of epidemics like Malaria, Deng

Fever etc., fumigation practices will be adopted, as necessary, in the

area. Publicity campaigns and medical camps will also be organized in

nearby villages to create awareness about the importance of hygiene

and cleanliness for preventing occurrence of epidemic diseases.

Medical dispensation to local villagers will also be done periodically as

a prophylactic measure to prevent contract of such diseases.


Chapter V 112

The following additional facilities will also be provided to the staff.

First Aid Centre

Health camp with professionally qualified doctors will be organized

suitably. Physical body checkup to direct occupational problems

will be done once in every 6 months.

5.10 GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT

5.10.1 Objectives

Greenbelt is a set of rows of trees planted in such a fashion, to create

effective barrier between the plant and the surroundings. The

greenbelt helps to capture the mist emissions and attenuate the noise

levels in the plant and simultaneously improving aesthetics of the plant

site.

5.10.2 Greenbelt Design

The greenbelt development contribute remarkable advantages

especially in pollution abatement process like arresting various

pollution sources like control of mist, fume, noise etc., an increasing

the ecological and aesthetic characteristics of the area. Forests help to

intercept incoming and outgoing radiation. Besides, it helps to block

the harmful effects of heavy precipitation due to soil washout etc.

The filtering capacity of trees for dust is 32 to 80 T/Ha. Noise level

abatement to the tune of about 20-30 dB(A) can be achieved by a

Greenbelt barrier of 50m wide. The project authorities will plant trees

to greenbelt development in peripheral portions and inside vacant

plots of the plant for afforestation. The selection of appropriate plant

species for this purpose is based upon the following criteria.

The plant should be fast growing.

The plant should have thick canopy cover.


Chapter V 113

Preferably perennial and evergreen.

Having large leaf area index.

Resistance to specific air pollutant.

Should have maximum height.

Indigenous and should maintain ecological, land and hydrological

balance of the region.

The greenbelt development plan for the particular industry depends on

the following.

Nature and extent of pollution.

Sink capacity of the eco-system.

Climatic factors.

Soil and water quality.

Specific site background.

In any greenbelt development, monoculture is not advisable due to its

climatic factor and other environmental constraints. Greenbelt with

varieties of species is preferred to maintain species diversity, rational

utilization and for maintaining health of the trees.

Well-developed greenbelt will develop a favorable micro-climatic to

support different microorganisms in the soil as a result of which soil

quality will be improved further. In greenbelt bird�s nest may be

introduced to encourage more birds in those areas.

In this unit greenbelt development will be undertaken in all available

areas and also in the earmarked affectation zone, and also along the

roads around the plant and plant infrastructure, etc.

Tall and leafy trees like Azadirachta Indica, Polyalthia, Longifolia,

Pongamia galbrae, etc., will be developed in these areas. Around

administrative office, ornamental varieties like Gulmohar,

Peltaphorum, Jacarandah will be planted with the backdrops of lawns.


Chapter V 114

As far as possible the following guidelines will be considered in

greenbelt development. Shrubs and trees will be planted in encircling

rows within the plant site.

The short trees (10 m height) will be planted in the first two rows and

the tall trees (>10 m) in the outer rows around the purview of the

project site.

Planting of trees in each row will be in staggered pattern.

In the front row, shrubs consisting of Alibizia sp. Peltoforum etc will be

grown.

Since the trunks of the tall trees are generally devoid of foliage, it will

be useful to have shrubs in front of the trees so as to give coverage to

this portion.

Spacing between the trees will be slightly maintained facilitating

effective height of greenbelt.

Dha Tagros Chemicals India Limited

Chapter VI 115

6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT

The impact statement focuses on the study area, viz., 10 kms around

the unit.

The four basic environmental components likely to be affected are air

environment, water environment, land environment and socio-

economic environment. For each of the above components the impacts

are identified, predicted and evaluated through Battle Environmental

Evaluation System using value function graphs, to classify the adverse

and beneficial impacts.


The impact of noise generated from this unit on the general population

is expected to be insignificant.

6.2 WATER ENVIRONMENT

The Effluent from the process is Neutralized and evaporated by

Multiple Effect Evaporator to achieve zero discharge system.

6.3 LAND ENVIRONMENT

There would be a slightly positive impact, as the proposal would

involve expansion of the greenbelt thus improving the land use and

soil chemistry.


The impact of the project would be more on the positive side than

negative. Positive impacts are felt due to increase in employment

opportunities and economic benefits.


Chapter VI 116

METEOROLOGICAL DATA For the month of April 2008

S.No. Date Temperature

oC Relative Humidity

Wind Direction

From-->To

Wind Velocity (Km/hr)

Rain Fall in mm Max Min Max % Min %

1 1-Apr-07 33.8 25.9 73 48 N - S 7.0 0.0 2 2-Apr-07 35.4 24.2 76 52 N - S 5.0 0.0 3 3-Apr-07 34.1 27.4 73 43 NE - SW 5.0 0.0 4 4-Apr-07 35.8 26.0 72 47 N - S 7.0 0.0 5 5-Apr-07 35.3 25.7 74 42 NE - SW 6.0 0.0 6 6-Apr-07 35.9 25.8 76 48 NE - SW 11.0 6.0 7 7-Apr-07 34.4 26.4 75 48 N - S 7.0 0.0 8 8-Apr-07 35.5 24.7 74 52 NE - SW 7.0 0.0 9 9-Apr-07 34.7 26.2 73 44 NE - SW 5.0 1.0

10 10-Apr-07 35.4 24.2 74 53 NE - SW 6.0 0.0 11 11-Apr-07 34.1 24.3 75 56 NE - SW 8.0 0.0 12 12-Apr-07 35.4 27.8 72 46 NE - SW 7.0 0.0 13 13-Apr-07 33.5 27.4 73 44 NE - SW 8.0 0.0 14 14-Apr-07 34.2 26.2 75 43 NE - SW 6.0 0.0 15 15-Apr-07 35.2 25.3 74 48 NE - SW 9.0 0.0 16 16-Apr-07 35.7 27.1 76 45 E - W 6.0 0.0 17 17-Apr-07 34.8 27.6 75 45 NE - SW 7.0 0.0 18 18-Apr-07 34.4 24.2 74 54 N - S 5.0 0.0 19 19-Apr-07 35.7 27.3 75 55 N - S calm 6.0 20 20-Apr-07 35.2 27.5 76 39 NE - SW 8.0 0.0 21 21-Apr-07 35.6 25.6 75 52 NE - SW 6.0 0.0 22 22-Apr-07 34.8 26.2 73 47 NE - SW 6.0 0.0 23 23-Apr-07 33.9 26.4 72 47 N - S 7.0 0.0 24 24-Apr-07 33.8 26.3 74 49 N - S 5.0 0.0 25 25-Apr-07 34.6 25.2 73 49 NE - SW 6.0 0.0 26 26-Apr-07 33.9 24.7 73 52 NE - SW 2.0 0.0 27 27-Apr-07 34.5 25.8 70 48 N - S 8.0 0.0 28 28-Apr-07 35.7 26.7 72 42 N - S 7.0 0.0 29 29-Apr-07 33.2 26.1 74 51 N - S 6.0 0.0 30 30-Apr-07 35.3 25.3 76 46 N - S calm 15.0

Below 1.0 km/hr Calm Total Rain Fall in mm 28.0

Maximum Temperature in oC 35.7 Rainy Days 4 Minimum Temperature in oC 24.2


Chapter VI 117

Meteorological Data For the month of May 2008

S.No. Date Temperature oC Relative Humidity Wind

Direction From-->To


Rain Fall in mm Max Min Max % Min %

1 1-May-07 34.9 26.0 71 50 S - N calm 0.0

2 2-May-07 34.6 24.7 68 53 S - N 11.0 3.0

3 3-May-07 35.7 25.2 70 55 SW - NE calm 0.0

4 4-May-07 36.8 24.1 69 61 SW - NE 8.0 0.0

5 5-May-07 37.1 26.3 70 56 S - N 7.0 0.0

6 6-May-07 37.1 25.9 73 63 N - S 8.0 0.0

7 7-May-07 36.2 24.0 71 51 NE - SW 8.0 0.0

8 8-May-07 36.5 25.7 68 57 N - S 9.0 0.0

9 9-May-07 36.2 25.2 70 55 N - S 8.0 0.0

10 10-May-07 35.4 26.8 69 51 NE - SW 8.0 0.0

11 11-May-07 35.2 25.6 70 56 N - S 12.0 2.0

12 12-May-07 35.8 24.2 69 57 NE - SW 10.0 0.0

13 13-May-07 34.4 27.6 71 52 NE - SW 10.0 0.0

14 14-May-07 36.3 26.2 73 50 N - S 8.0 0.0

15 15-May-07 35.3 26.1 68 54 NE - SW 12.0 0.0

16 16-May-07 35.3 24.4 68 60 NE - SW 8.0 0.0

17 17-May-07 35.9 25.4 72 57 NE - SW 11.0 1.0

18 18-May-07 35.7 25.3 70 55 NE - SW calm 0.0

19 19-May-07 36.5 24.2 69 56 N - S 10.0 0.0

20 20-May-07 34.7 24.3 72 50 N - S 10.0 6.0

21 21-May-07 37.6 24.2 70 62 N - S 10.0 6.0

22 22-May-07 36.2 25.8 68 52 N - S 9.0 0.0

23 23-May-07 37.8 25.5 71 58 N - S 8.0 0.0

24 24-May-07 33.8 25.4 69 44 NE - SW 11.0 0.0

25 25-May-07 36.0 26.9 73 53 NE - SW 7.0 13.0

26 26-May-07 35.8 26.1 71 58 NE - SW 8.0 0.0

27 27-May-07 34.6 26.7 69 44 NE - SW 10.0 0.0

28 28-May-07 37.4 24.2 72 62 NE - SW 8.0 0.0

29 29-May-07 36.7 24.1 69 63 NE - SW 8.0 0.0

30 30-May-07 35.3 24.8 71 55 NE - SW 11.0 0.0

31 31-May-07 37.4 25.6 70 59 N - S 8.0 0.0

Below 1.0 km/hr

Total Rain Fall in mm 31.0 Maximum Temperature in oC 37.8 Rainy Days 6

Minimum Temperature in oC 24.0


Chapter VI 118

Meteorological Data For the month of June 2008

S.No. Date Temperature oC Relative

Humidity Wind Direction

From-->To


Rain Fall in mm

Max Min Max % Min %

1 1-Jun-07 37.3 27.2 71 36 S - N 4.0 0.0

2 2-Jun-07 36.8 26.1 74 45 SW - NE 6.0 0.0

3 3-Jun-07 37.1 26.2 76 41 SW - NE 4.0 0.0

4 4-Jun-07 37.4 26.4 75 39 S - N 4.0 0.0

5 5-Jun-07 37.6 26.3 74 35 SW - NE 6.0 0.0

6 6-Jun-07 38.5 27.2 65 31 SW - NE calm 0.0

7 7-Jun-07 38.3 26.8 69 33 SW - NE calm 0.0

8 8-Jun-07 37.1 25.8 73 41 SW - NE 6.0 0.0

9 9-Jun-07 38.3 26.5 70 37 S - N 2.0 0.0

10 10-Jun-07 38.5 27.0 74 43 S - N 4.0 0.0

11 11-Jun-07 38.0 27.0 65 29 SW - NE calm 0.0

12 12-Jun-07 38.2 26.7 69 30 SW - NE 2.0 0.0

13 13-Jun-07 37.9 26.2 65 35 S - N 4.0 0.0

14 14-Jun-07 38.6 26.9 70 39 S - N 6.0 0.0

15 15-Jun-07 38.8 27.1 69 35 SW - NE 2.0 0.0

16 16-Jun-07 37.5 25.7 68 38 SW - NE 6.0 0.0

17 17-Jun-07 37.1 25.5 64 36 SW - NE 6.0 0.0

18 18-Jun-07 38.7 27.4 71 30 S - N calm 0.0

19 19-Jun-07 38.1 26.8 65 27 S - N 4.0 0.0

20 20-Jun-07 37.5 26.5 68 34 SW - NE 4.0 0.0

21 21-Jun-07 37.2 26.9 64 35 S - N 4.0 0.0

22 22-Jun-07 36.9 25.5 65 30 SW - NE 4.0 0.0

23 23-Jun-07 36.8 25.6 60 29 SW - NE 6.0 0.0

24 24-Jun-07 37.5 26.0 68 37 S - N 6.0 0.0

25 25-Jun-07 37.6 25.8 64 39 SW - NE 6.0 0.0

26 26-Jun-07 37.6 26.8 65 27 S - N calm 0.0

27 27-Jun-07 37.1 26.5 68 29 S - N 4.0 0.0

28 28-Jun-07 37.3 26.4 69 31 S - N 4.0 0.0

29 29-Jun-07 37.0 25.8 71 34 S - N 6.0 0.0

30 30-Jun-07 37.4 25.8 61 33 SW - NE 8.0 0.0

Below 1.0 km/hr

Total Rain Fall in mm 0.0

Maximum Temperature in oC 38.8 Rainy Days - Nil

Minimum Temperature in oC 25.5


Chapter VI 119

ANNEXURE � II AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS

Sl.No. Date Air Quality Monitoring Stations

Factory boundary Pachayankuppam Ponnaiyankuppam Karaikadu Karaikadu SPM RPM SO2 NOx SPM RPM SO2 NOx SPM RPM SO2 NOx SPM RPM SO2 NOx SPM RPM SO2 NOx

1 01.04.2007 130 17 11 16 133 18 11 15 132 17 11 19 126 16 13 15 130 17 11 18

2 02.04.2007 135 17 10 15 130 16 9 14 130 17 10 18 124 16 12 14 128 16 10 17

3 08.04.2007 139 18 15 20 142 17 12 21 139 18 15 23 132 17 17 19 135 18 15 22

4 09.04.2007 140 17 11 17 135 16 10 15 131 17 11 19 124 16 13 15 127 17 11 18

5 15.04.2007 135 17 17 19 140 19 10 16 137 18 16 23 124 18 15 16 122 18 18 23

6 16.04.2007 118 15 9 17 120 16 9 16 116 15 8 16 118 15 9 15 111 14 13 17

7 22.04.2007 145 18 13 18 140 18 12 17 137 18 13 21 130 17 15 17 133 17 13 20

8 23.04.2007 137 17 10 15 135 17 8 14 129 17 9 17 123 16 11 13 125 16 9 16

9 06.05.2007 145 18 14 21 140 18 13 18 138 18 14 22 132 17 16 18 134 17 14 21

10 07.05.2007 140 18 14 20 139 17 12 18 136 18 13 21 130 17 15 17 132 17 13 20

11 13.05.2007 135 16 11 17 130 17 9 15 126 16 10 18 120 16 12 14 122 16 10 17

12 14.05.2007 148 19 15 21 144 19 13 20 142 18 15 23 135 18 17 19 138 18 15 22

13 20.05.2007 143 18 12 17 139 17 11 16 135 18 12 20 128 17 14 16 131 17 12 19

14 21.05.2007 142 17 12 15 137 18 10 15 134 17 12 18 128 17 14 14 130 17 12 17

15 27.05.2007 125 16 11 20 125 16 11 20 123 16 12 20 122 16 11 19 118 15 17 21

16 28.05.2007 119 14 9 18 124 16 10 19 115 15 8 16 120 16 10 18 110 14 13 17

17 03.06.2007 123 15 10 19 114 15 8 16 121 16 10 18 110 14 7 15 116 15 15 19

18 04.06.2007 142 18 14 20 139 18 13 19 136 18 14 22 130 17 16 18 132 17 14 21

19 10.06.2007 138 17 13 18 134 17 10 17 131 17 12 20 125 16 14 16 127 17 12 19

20 11.06.2007 130 16 12 20 124 16 10 20 126 16 12 20 120 16 11 19 121 16 17 21

21 17.06.2007 123 15 10 17 119 15 9 18 119 15 9 17 115 15 9 17 114 15 14 18

22 18.06.2007 128 16 12 21 125 21 14 21 125 16 14 22 121 17 12 19 120 15 16 21

23 24.06.2007 130 15 8 18 135 18 15 18 118 18 10 17 118 15 8 12 115 17 18 20

24 25.06.2007 117 14 8 16 118 15 7 15 114 15 7 15 113 15 6 14 109 14 12 16


Chapter VI 120

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS

Sl.No. Date Air Quality Monitoring Stations

Kdikadu Karaiyervittakuppam Sedappalaiyam SPM RPM SO2 NOx SPM RPM SO2 NOx SPM RPM SO2 NOx

1 01.04.2007 138 18 12 14 130 17 11 9 120 16 14 14

2 02.04.2007 135 19 11 12 126 16 11 10 120 15 12 14

3 08.04.2007 134 17 10 13 125 16 10 9 118 16 12 14

4 09.04.2007 142 18 14 17 132 17 14 14 125 16 17 19

5 15.04.2007 109 14 12 15 109 14 9 13 107 14 9 11

6 16.04.2007 135 17 10 13 125 16 8 8 116 15 12 13

7 22.04.2007 142 19 14 18 133 18 13 13 125 16 16 18

8 23.04.2007 115 15 15 19 110 14 10 14 114 15 12 16

9 06.05.2007 105 14 13 16 116 15 13 15 104 14 10 13

10 07.05.2007 114 15 15 20 121 16 14 17 114 15 13 17

11 13.05.2007 142 18 14 18 131 17 13 13 122 16 16 18

12 14.05.2007 136 16 12 15 126 16 10 10 116 15 13 15

13 20.05.2007 140 18 13 17 131 17 12 12 120 16 15 17

14 21.05.2007 130 17 11 14 121 16 9 9 114 15 12 14

15 27.05.2007 141 18 13 16 132 17 12 12 120 16 16 17

16 28.05.2007 146 18 14 18 135 18 14 14 126 17 17 19

17 03.06.2007 140 18 13 16 132 18 11 11 122 16 15 16

18 04.06.2007 114 15 15 16 110 14 10 14 112 15 11 13

19 10.06.2007 137 17 12 16 126 16 11 11 117 15 14 16

20 11.06.2007 110 13 14 18 113 15 12 15 110 14 11 15

21 17.06.2007 125 14 13 20 116 16 15 18 114 16 14 17

22 18.06.2007 119 14 14 19 121 18 17 17 120 15 17 18

23 24.06.2007 134 18 12 18 120 15 14 18 128 19 18 16

24 25.06.2007 116 14 16 20 118 15 14 18 116 15 13 17

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