manoj shrivastava, ashish khandewal, akansha srivastav, s...
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Rice growth and soil enzyme activities in cadmium (Cd) contaminated inceptisol Manoj Shrivastava, Ashish Khandewal, Akansha Srivastav, S.D. Singh
Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture,
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, INDIA [email protected]
Rice growth and soil enzyme activities in cadmium (Cd) contaminated inceptisol Manoj Shrivastava, Ashish Khandewal, Akansha Srivastav, S.D. Singh
Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture,
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, INDIA [email protected]
Rice •Rice is an important staple food crop for more than 60 per cent of the world people. •RICE consumption around the world is anticipated to continue to grow steadily at around 1.1 per cent per annum to 2025 when it is expected to reach a market volume of 570 million tonnes (Mt) •China and India will remain the world’s leading rice producers and the countries with the highest levels of production in 2016 were China (148Mt) and India (110Mt), together accounting for 59 % of rice supply.
Rice growth and soil enzyme activities in cadmium (Cd) contaminated inceptisol Manoj Shrivastava, Ashish Khandewal, Akansha Srivastav, S.D. Singh
Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture,
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, INDIA [email protected]
Problem related to heavy metals in rice
•Phytotoxicity •Yield Reduction •Human Health •Environmental pollution •Export Embargo (quarantine barrier)
Rice growth and soil enzyme activities in cadmium (Cd) contaminated inceptisol Manoj Shrivastava, Ashish Khandewal, Akansha Srivastav, S.D. Singh
Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture,
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, INDIA [email protected]
Heavy Metals •Increasingly economic growth and technological development has brought about numerous environmental problems caused by residues derived from industrial processes.
•Heavy metals when applied to the soil can accumulate and persist for long periods of time.
• These elements can be phytotoxic and harmful to vital microbial processes in nutrient cycling
Rice growth and soil enzyme activities in cadmium (Cd) contaminated inceptisol Manoj Shrivastava, Ashish Khandewal, Akansha Srivastav, S.D. Singh
Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture,
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, INDIA [email protected]
Essential and non-essential elements •Plants take up essential and non-essential elements from soils.
•Certain essential elements such as iron, manganese, molybdenum, copper, zinc, and nickel are known as micronutrients because they are required by plants in minute quantity.
•These micronutrients become toxic for plants when absorbed above certain threshold values.
•Plants also absorb non-essential elements like arsenic, cadmium, chromium, mercury, and lead which have no known biological function and are even known to be toxic at low concentrations.
Rice growth and soil enzyme activities in cadmium (Cd) contaminated inceptisol Manoj Shrivastava, Ashish Khandewal, Akansha Srivastav, S.D. Singh
Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture,
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, INDIA [email protected]
Heavy metals contamination of soils •Industrial and commercial use of metals •Metal mine tailings; • Disposal of high metal wastes in improperly protected landfills; •Leaded patrol, batteries, e-waste and lead-based paints •Land application of fertilizer, animal manures, biosolids, composts, pesticides, coal combustion residues; •Atmospheric deposition
Rice growth and soil enzyme activities in cadmium (Cd) contaminated inceptisol Manoj Shrivastava, Ashish Khandewal, Akansha Srivastav, S.D. Singh
Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture,
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, INDIA [email protected]
Fate of Metals in Soil
Once metals enter the soil: i) they can be taken up by the standing crop, ii) remain in soil in soluble and insoluble forms, or iii) leach to groundwater
Rice growth and soil enzyme activities in cadmium (Cd) contaminated inceptisol Manoj Shrivastava, Ashish Khandewal, Akansha Srivastav, S.D. Singh
Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture,
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, INDIA [email protected]
Forms of Metals in Soil
Heavy metals in soils may be present in several forms with different levels of solubility (i) dissolved (in soil solution), (ii) exchangeable (in organic and inorganic components), (iii) structural components of the lattices in soils and (iv) Insolubly precipitated with other soil components
Rice growth and soil enzyme activities in cadmium (Cd) contaminated inceptisol Manoj Shrivastava, Ashish Khandewal, Akansha Srivastav, S.D. Singh
Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture,
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, INDIA [email protected]
.
Heavy metal toxicity in plants
The affinity for heavy metals will alter the activity of the protein and create imbalances and disruption that will lead to macromolecular damage.
Rice growth and soil enzyme activities in cadmium (Cd) contaminated inceptisol Manoj Shrivastava, Ashish Khandewal, Akansha Srivastav, S.D. Singh
Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture,
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, INDIA [email protected]
Cd contamination in Rice Growing Soil •Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metals, polluting the general environment.
•The application of sewage sludge, wastewaters and Cd-containing fertilizers causes an increase in Cd content in agricultural soils.
•Cd is easily taken up by plants and then enters the food chain, resulting in a serious health issue for humans.
•There is increasing concern regarding the occurrence of cadmium in rice, not only in the rice-growing areas of the Far East, but also in Europe.
•Regulatory limit of Cd in rice grain is 0.2 mg kg−1 and in soil is 3 to 6 mg kg−1
Rice growth and soil enzyme activities in cadmium (Cd) contaminated inceptisol Manoj Shrivastava, Ashish Khandewal, Akansha Srivastav, S.D. Singh
Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture,
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, INDIA [email protected]
Experimental Field Experiment in contained micro-plots (3x2 m2)
Crop--- Rice (Pusa Basmati 1121)
Metals--- Cd (mg kg-1)
Replication---4
Experimental Design–Randomized Block Design (RBD)
Rice growth and soil enzyme activities in cadmium (Cd) contaminated inceptisol Manoj Shrivastava, Ashish Khandewal, Akansha Srivastav, S.D. Singh
Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture,
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, INDIA [email protected]
Some important physiochemical properties of experimental soil Parameter Value
Soil Order Inceptisol Sand (%) 45.2
Silt (%) 30.5 Clay (%) 24.3 Texture Sandy Clay loam
pH(1:2.5)(Soil: water) 8.65 Organic Carbon (g kg-1) 12.6
Nitrogen total (g kg-1) 1 .9 CaCO3 (%) 2.7
CEC (cmol (p+) kg-1) 17. 1 Available P2O5 (mg kg-1) 53.9 Available K2O (mg kg-1) 225
Total Cd (mg kg-1) 0.54 DTPA extractable Cd (mg kg-1)
0.006
Rice growth and soil enzyme activities in cadmium (Cd) contaminated inceptisol Manoj Shrivastava, Ashish Khandewal, Akansha Srivastav, S.D. Singh
Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture,
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, INDIA [email protected]
Control Cd 25
Rice growth as affected by Cd contamination
Rice growth and soil enzyme activities in cadmium (Cd) contaminated inceptisol Manoj Shrivastava, Ashish Khandewal, Akansha Srivastav, S.D. Singh
Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture,
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, INDIA [email protected]
Rice Grain Yield as affected by Cd contamination
012345678
Control Cd25
Gra
in Y
ield
(t/h
a)
Grain Yield (t/ha)
Rice growth and soil enzyme activities in cadmium (Cd) contaminated inceptisol Manoj Shrivastava, Ashish Khandewal, Akansha Srivastav, S.D. Singh
Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture,
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, INDIA [email protected]
Cd content (mg/kg) in different pat of rice plant
Cd (mg/kg)
Control Cd contaminated soil
Grain ND 0.07±0.015
Shoot ND 2.52±0.28
Root ND 20.6±3.2
Rice growth and soil enzyme activities in cadmium (Cd) contaminated inceptisol Manoj Shrivastava, Ashish Khandewal, Akansha Srivastav, S.D. Singh
Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture,
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, INDIA [email protected]
Translocation factor
Translocation factor
Soil to Root 0.94
Root to Shoot 0.12
Shoot to Grain 0.03
Soil to Grain 0.003
Rice growth and soil enzyme activities in cadmium (Cd) contaminated inceptisol Manoj Shrivastava, Ashish Khandewal, Akansha Srivastav, S.D. Singh
Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture,
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, INDIA [email protected]
Distribution (%) of Cd in different pool in Cd contaminated soil
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Extractable (%) Carbonate (%) Fe-Mn Oxide(%)
Organic matterbound (%)
Residual (%)
% D
istr
ibut
ion
Rice growth and soil enzyme activities in cadmium (Cd) contaminated inceptisol Manoj Shrivastava, Ashish Khandewal, Akansha Srivastav, S.D. Singh
Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture,
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, INDIA [email protected]
Catalase Activity as affected by Cd contamination
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Root Shoot Panicle
Cata
lse
(U/g
FW
)
Catalase activity (U/g FW)
Control
Cd25
Rice growth and soil enzyme activities in cadmium (Cd) contaminated inceptisol Manoj Shrivastava, Ashish Khandewal, Akansha Srivastav, S.D. Singh
Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture,
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, INDIA [email protected]
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) Activity as affected by Cd contamination
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Root Shoot Panicle
SOD
U/g
FW
SOD Activity
Control Cd 25
Rice growth and soil enzyme activities in cadmium (Cd) contaminated inceptisol Manoj Shrivastava, Ashish Khandewal, Akansha Srivastav, S.D. Singh
Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture,
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, INDIA [email protected]
Guaiacol Peroxidase Activity as affected by Cd contamination
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Root Shoot Panicle
Gua
iaco
l Per
oxid
ase
(U/g
FW
) Guaiacol Peroxidase Activity
Control Cd 25
Rice growth and soil enzyme activities in cadmium (Cd) contaminated inceptisol Manoj Shrivastava, Ashish Khandewal, Akansha Srivastav, S.D. Singh
Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture,
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, INDIA [email protected]
Bacterial population in rice rhizosphere as affected by cadmium
02468
101214
control Cd25
Bac
teri
al P
opul
atio
n CF
U x
10
6 /g s
oil
Bacterial Population
Rice growth and soil enzyme activities in cadmium (Cd) contaminated inceptisol Manoj Shrivastava, Ashish Khandewal, Akansha Srivastav, S.D. Singh
Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture,
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, INDIA [email protected]
Fungal population in rice rhizosphere as affected by Cadmium
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
control Cd25Fung
al p
opul
atio
n cf
u x
106 /g
soi
l
Fungal Population
Rice growth and soil enzyme activities in cadmium (Cd) contaminated inceptisol Manoj Shrivastava, Ashish Khandewal, Akansha Srivastav, S.D. Singh
Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture,
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, INDIA [email protected]
PSM population in rice rhizosphere as affected by Cadmium
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
control Cd25PSM
pop
ulat
ion
cfu
x 10
6 /g s
oil
PSM Population
Rice growth and soil enzyme activities in cadmium (Cd) contaminated inceptisol Manoj Shrivastava, Ashish Khandewal, Akansha Srivastav, S.D. Singh
Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture,
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, INDIA [email protected]
Actiomycetes population in rice rhizosphere as affected by Cadmium
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
control Cd25
Act
iom
ycet
es P
opul
atio
n
cf
u x
106 /g
soi
l
Actinomycetes Population
Rice growth and soil enzyme activities in cadmium (Cd) contaminated inceptisol Manoj Shrivastava, Ashish Khandewal, Akansha Srivastav, S.D. Singh
Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture,
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, INDIA [email protected]
0
10
20
30
40
50
control Cd25
% C
olon
izat
ion
Mycorrhizal colonization
Mycorrhizal colonization on rice root as affected by Cadmium
Rice growth and soil enzyme activities in cadmium (Cd) contaminated inceptisol Manoj Shrivastava, Ashish Khandewal, Akansha Srivastav, S.D. Singh
Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture,
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, INDIA [email protected]
Rhizospheric dehydrogenase activity as affected by Cd contamination
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Control Cd 25
Deh
ydro
gena
se a
ctiv
ity
(µg
TPF/
h/g
soil)
Dehydrogenase Activity
Rice growth and soil enzyme activities in cadmium (Cd) contaminated inceptisol Manoj Shrivastava, Ashish Khandewal, Akansha Srivastav, S.D. Singh
Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture,
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, INDIA [email protected]
Rhizospheric lipase esterase activity as affected by Cd contamination
05
1015202530354045
Control Cd25
Lipa
se e
ster
ase
acti
vity
(µ
g pN
P/g
Soi
l)
Lipase Esterase Activity
Rice growth and soil enzyme activities in cadmium (Cd) contaminated inceptisol Manoj Shrivastava, Ashish Khandewal, Akansha Srivastav, S.D. Singh
Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture,
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, INDIA [email protected]
Rhizospheric fluorescein diacetate activity as affected by Cd contamination
05
101520253035
Control Cd 25
FDA
(µg
Fluo
resc
ein/
g So
il ov
er 2
h)
Fluorescein Diacetate Activity (FDA)
Rice growth and soil enzyme activities in cadmium (Cd) contaminated inceptisol Manoj Shrivastava, Ashish Khandewal, Akansha Srivastav, S.D. Singh
Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture,
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, INDIA [email protected]
Conclusions •Cadmium does not affected the grain yield of rice significantly •Cd was found to accumulate mainly in the roots followed by shoot and grains. •Cd translocation in rice grain is within the regulatory limits •Heavy metals have significant effect upon the soil and plant enzyme activities and soil microbial community. •Further studies, including sequencing of the recovered DNA fragments are needed to identify the changes in microbial community.
Rice growth and soil enzyme activities in cadmium (Cd) contaminated inceptisol Manoj Shrivastava, Ashish Khandewal, Akansha Srivastav, S.D. Singh
Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture,
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, INDIA [email protected]
Acknowledgement •DG ICAR and Secretary DARE and Director, IARI, Government of India
•Prof. Ravi Naidu, MD and CEO CRC CARE
•Organizing Committee International Cleanup Conference 2019
•Government of Australia
Rice growth and soil enzyme activities in cadmium (Cd) contaminated inceptisol Manoj Shrivastava, Ashish Khandewal, Akansha Srivastav, S.D. Singh
Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture,
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, INDIA [email protected]
Thanks a lot!