MannerismMannerism late Renaissance (1530-1580)late Renaissance (1530-1580) Artists sought to create dramatic and Artists sought to create dramatic and

dynamic effects by depicting figures dynamic effects by depicting figures with elongated forms and in with elongated forms and in exaggerated, out-of-balance poses in exaggerated, out-of-balance poses in manipulated, irrational spacemanipulated, irrational space

lit with unrealistic lighting. lit with unrealistic lighting. new development at a time when the new development at a time when the

primary purpose of art was to inspire primary purpose of art was to inspire awe and devotion, to entertain and to awe and devotion, to entertain and to educate.educate.

Jacopo Bassano: Jacopo Bassano: The The Miraculous Draught of FishesMiraculous Draught of Fishes

(1545)(1545)

Jan Jan Gossart – Gossart – Title of Title of Painting Painting UnknownUnknown

Barocci – Barocci – The The

NativityNativity (1526-(1526-1612)1612)

Baroque ArtBaroque Art

The Council of Trent, in which the The Council of Trent, in which the Roman Catholic Church answered many Roman Catholic Church answered many questions of internal reform raised by questions of internal reform raised by

both Protestants and by those who had both Protestants and by those who had remained inside the Catholic Church, remained inside the Catholic Church,

addressed the representational arts by addressed the representational arts by demanding that paintings and demanding that paintings and

sculptures in church contexts should sculptures in church contexts should speak to the illiterate rather than to the speak to the illiterate rather than to the

well-informedwell-informed..

The Catholic Church wanted art that The Catholic Church wanted art that would inspire and move the worshiperwould inspire and move the worshiper

It also wanted art that would “sell” It also wanted art that would “sell” the Catholic religionthe Catholic religion

Church artworks should be a clear, Church artworks should be a clear, intelligible subject realistically intelligible subject realistically interpreted in order to stimulate piety. interpreted in order to stimulate piety.

This was part of the reason that the This was part of the reason that the artwork turned towards naturalism, artwork turned towards naturalism, becoming emotionally engaging and becoming emotionally engaging and intense. intense.

Baroque art is a successor to mannerismBaroque art is a successor to mannerism It is grandioseIt is grandiose It is a three-dimensional display of life It is a three-dimensional display of life

and energyand energy Baroque art tends to focus on Saints, the Baroque art tends to focus on Saints, the

Virgin Mary, and other well known bible Virgin Mary, and other well known bible stories stories

Baroque art is characterized by great Baroque art is characterized by great drama, rich deep color, and intense light drama, rich deep color, and intense light and dark shadows and dark shadows

As opposed to Renaissance As opposed to Renaissance art, which usually showed art, which usually showed the moment the moment beforebefore an an event took place, Baroque event took place, Baroque artists chose the most artists chose the most dramatic point, the dramatic point, the moment moment when the action when the action was occurringwas occurring. .

Caravaggi:Caravaggi:Crucifixion Crucifixion

of Peterof Peter(1601)(1601)Italian Italian ArtistArtist

Caracci: Caracci: Flight into Egypt Flight into Egypt (1603)(1603) Italian ArtistItalian Artist

Georges de Georges de La Tour: La Tour: St. Joseph St. Joseph CarpenterCarpenter

(1642)(1642)French French ArtistArtist

Rembrandt: Rembrandt: Christ in the Christ in the

Storm on Storm on Lake of Lake of GalileeGalilee (1632) (1632)

Dutch ArtistDutch Artist

Not all baroque art was Not all baroque art was religious in nature. religious in nature. Rembrandt painted Rembrandt painted

Abduction of EuropaAbduction of Europa..Europa was a Phoenician Europa was a Phoenician

woman in Greek mythology, woman in Greek mythology, from whom the name of the from whom the name of the

continent Europe has continent Europe has ultimately been taken. ultimately been taken.

The princess Europa is The princess Europa is carried away from her carried away from her companions and across companions and across the sea – by the god the sea – by the god Jupiter in the guise of the Jupiter in the guise of the white bull – to the distant white bull – to the distant land that would bear her land that would bear her name.name.

Rembrandt: Rembrandt: Abduction of EuropaAbduction of Europa (1632) (1632) Dutch ArtistDutch Artist

Francisco de Francisco de ZurbaránZurbarán

(1627)(1627)Spanish Spanish

ArtistArtist

Peter Paul Rubens (1571-Peter Paul Rubens (1571-1640)1640)

The most popular and prolific Flemish The most popular and prolific Flemish and European painter of the 17th and European painter of the 17th century. century.

Because many of his paintings feature Because many of his paintings feature full-figured, voluptuous women, the full-figured, voluptuous women, the word "Rubenesque" (meaning plump word "Rubenesque" (meaning plump or fleshy, yet not "fat," and used or fleshy, yet not "fat," and used exclusively to describe women) is exclusively to describe women) is derived from his last name.derived from his last name.

Peter Paul Peter Paul Rubens: Rubens:

Allegory on Allegory on Charles V Charles V as Ruler of as Ruler of the Worldthe World

Flemish Flemish PainterPainter

Gianlorenzo Bernini (1598-Gianlorenzo Bernini (1598-1690)1690)

Italian ArtistItalian Artist

SculptorSculptor ArchitectArchitect Roman fountains, part public works Roman fountains, part public works

and part Papal monuments, were and part Papal monuments, were among his most gifted creationsamong his most gifted creations

Also revolutionized marble busts, Also revolutionized marble busts, lending glamorous dynamism to once lending glamorous dynamism to once stony stillness of portraiture. stony stillness of portraiture.

Bernini:Bernini:MarbleMarble Bust of Bust of Pope Pope

Urban VIII Urban VIII (1623-(1623-1624)1624)

Bernini:Bernini:BronzeBronze Bust Bust

of Pope of Pope Urban VIIIUrban VIII

(1632-1633)(1632-1633)

Bernini: Bernini: David David (1623-1624)(1623-1624)

Considered to be Considered to be among the first among the first truly baroque truly baroque

statues. statues. Note that David Note that David

is poised to is poised to throw the rock.throw the rock.

Spanish Spanish Baroque Baroque

ArchitectuArchitecturere

Santiago Santiago CathedralCathedral

German Baroque German Baroque ArchitectureArchitecture

Kaisersaal, or Emperor’s Kaisersaal, or Emperor’s HallHall, of the Residenz, shown , of the Residenz, shown

on next slide, is an oval on next slide, is an oval reception room with a reception room with a

domed ceiling and frescoes domed ceiling and frescoes painted by Italian master painted by Italian master Giovanni Battista Tiepolo. Giovanni Battista Tiepolo.

(1700s)(1700s)

Bernini:Bernini:Piazza Piazza

and and CollonadeCollonade

St. St. Peter’sPeter’sRomeRome

French Baroque Architecture: French Baroque Architecture: Palace of VersaillesPalace of Versailles

• Built 1660-1685Built 1660-1685

In the Hall of Mirrors:In the Hall of Mirrors:• The German Empire was proclaimed The German Empire was proclaimed

on January 18, 1871 following the on January 18, 1871 following the defeat of France in the defeat of France in the Franco-Franco-Prussian WarPrussian War..

• It was also here that Germany signed It was also here that Germany signed the 1919 the 1919 Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles, officially , officially ending World War I. ending World War I.

Versailles: Versailles: Hall of MirrorsHall of Mirrors

Located on the first Located on the first floor of the palace, floor of the palace, it takes its name it takes its name

from the 357 from the 357

LARGE mirrorsLARGE mirrors that that face windows on face windows on an opposite wall.an opposite wall.