manifest destiny pages 462-470 manifest destiny –what is it? –why is it necessary? actions...
TRANSCRIPT
Manifest DestinyPages 462-470
• Manifest Destiny– What is it?– Why is it necessary?
• Actions– Aroostook War (not in the book)– Oregon
• Issue & Outcome
– Texas• Issue & Outcome
“Manifest Destiny”“Manifest Destiny” First coined by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in 1845.
First coined by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in 1845.
".... the right of our manifest destiny to spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and self-government entrusted to us. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth."
SUMMARIZE MANIFEST DESTINY !!!
".... the right of our manifest destiny to spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and self-government entrusted to us. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth."
SUMMARIZE MANIFEST DESTINY !!!
Aroostook “War,” 1839Aroostook “War,” 1839 The only war ever declared by a state.
Between the Canadian region of New Brunswick and the state of Maine.
Cause: The expulsion of Canadian lumberjacks in the disputed area of Aroostook by Maine officials.
Congress called up 50,000 men and voted for $10,000,000 to pay for the “war.”
General Winfield Scott arranged a truce, and a border commission was convened to resolve the issue.
The only war ever declared by a state.
Between the Canadian region of New Brunswick and the state of Maine.
Cause: The expulsion of Canadian lumberjacks in the disputed area of Aroostook by Maine officials.
Congress called up 50,000 men and voted for $10,000,000 to pay for the “war.”
General Winfield Scott arranged a truce, and a border commission was convened to resolve the issue.
Maine Boundary Settlement, 1842Maine Boundary Settlement, 1842
The Oregon Dispute: 54’ 40º or Fight!
The Oregon Dispute: 54’ 40º or Fight!
By the mid-1840s, “Oregon Fever” wasspurred on by the promise of free land.
By the mid-1840s, “Oregon Fever” wasspurred on by the promise of free land.
The joint British-U.S. occupation ended in 1846.
The joint British-U.S. occupation ended in 1846.
Southwest and Mexico
• Mexican Independence – 1821– End of the Mission system– Trouble with Native Americans– Empresario system
• Cheap land for American settlers– Tax exemptions
• Issues with the Anglos– Slavery– Population– Trade– Language– Immigration – sealed borders
Texas Declaration of Texas Declaration of IndependenceIndependence
Texas Declaration of Texas Declaration of IndependenceIndependence
Key Figures in Texas Key Figures in Texas Independence,Independence, 1836 1836Key Figures in Texas Key Figures in Texas Independence,Independence, 1836 1836
Sam Houston(1793-1863)Sam Houston(1793-1863)
Steven Austin(1793-1836)
Steven Austin(1793-1836)
The Republic of The Republic of TexasTexas
The Republic of The Republic of TexasTexas
The Battle of the The Battle of the AlamoAlamo
The Battle of the The Battle of the AlamoAlamo
General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Recaptures the Alamo
General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Recaptures the Alamo
Davey Crockett’s Last Davey Crockett’s Last StandStand
Davey Crockett’s Last Davey Crockett’s Last StandStand
Remember the Remember the Alamo!Alamo!
Remember the Remember the Alamo!Alamo!
Polk’s AdministrationPages 470-476
• Election of 1844– Issues
• Issues with Mexico– Slidell mission
• Mexican – American War– Wilmot Proviso (mentioned on pg 480)– Future impacts– Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
“JAMES K. POLK”by They Might Be Giants
In 1844, the Democrats were splitThe three nominees for the presidential candidateWere Martin Van Buren, a former president and an abolitionistJames Buchanan, a moderateLewis Cass, a general and expansionistFrom Nashville came a dark horse riding upHe was James K. Polk, Napoleon of the Stump!
“JAMES K. POLK”by They Might Be Giants
Austere, severe, he held few people dearHis oratory filled his foes with fearThe factions soon agreedHe's just the man we needTo bring about victoryFulfill our Manifest DestinyAnd annex the land the Mexicans commandAnd when the votes were cast the winner wasMister James K. Polk, Napoleon of the Stump!
“JAMES K. POLK”by They Might Be Giants
In four short years he met his every goalHe seized the whole southwest from MexicoMade sure the tariffs fellAnd made the English sell the Oregon TerritoryHe built an independent treasuryHaving done all this he sought no second termBut precious few have mourned the passing ofMister James K. Polk, our eleventh president“Young Hickory,” Napoleon of the Stump!
1. Lower the tariff.
2. Resolve the Oregon boundarydispute.
3. Restore the independent treasury.
4. Acquire California.
Goals of Polk’s Administration
James Knox Polk
Whigs Henry Clay
1844 Election Results
The Slidell Mission:Nov.1845The Slidell Mission:Nov.1845
Mexican recognition of the Rio Grande River as the TX-US border.
US would forgive American citizens’ claims against the Mexican govt.
US would purchase the New Mexico area for $5,000,000.
US would pay up to $25 million for California
Mexican recognition of the Rio Grande River as the TX-US border.
US would forgive American citizens’ claims against the Mexican govt.
US would purchase the New Mexico area for $5,000,000.
US would pay up to $25 million for California
John SlidellJohn Slidell
WAR!!!
1. US Troops stationed by Rio Grande caused a…
2. Small skirmish between Mexican and American armies led to…
3. President Polk asking for a declaration of war against Mexico which….
4. Congress passed but with reservations like….
5. Abraham Lincoln’s “Spot Resolution”
Lincoln’s Spot Resolution
• Questioned whether the "spot" where blood had been shed was really U.S. soil – Introduced but never voted on by Congress
• Other notable objections:– Ohio Senator Tom Corwin accused Polk of
involving the United States in a war of aggression. Senator John C. Calhoun of South Carolina abstained from voting, correctly foreseeing that the war would aggravate sectional strife.
Wilmot Proviso, 1846
Wilmot Proviso, 1846
Provided, territory from that, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any the Republic of Mexico by the United States, by virtue of any treaty which may be negotiated between them, and to the use by the Executive of the moneys herein appropriated, neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory, except forcrime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted.
Provided, territory from that, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any the Republic of Mexico by the United States, by virtue of any treaty which may be negotiated between them, and to the use by the Executive of the moneys herein appropriated, neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory, except forcrime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted.
Congr. David Wilmot(D-PA)
Congr. David Wilmot(D-PA)
Wilmot Proviso
• What does this really mean?
• ***Any territory acquired by the War with Mexico could not be open to slavery
The Mexican War The Mexican War (1846-1848)(1846-1848)
The Mexican War The Mexican War (1846-1848)(1846-1848)
General Zachary General Zachary Taylor Taylor at Palo Altoat Palo Alto
General Zachary General Zachary Taylor Taylor at Palo Altoat Palo Alto
“Old Rough and Ready”
“Old Rough and Ready”
The Bombardment of The Bombardment of Vera CruzVera Cruz
The Bombardment of The Bombardment of Vera CruzVera Cruz
General Scott Enters General Scott Enters Mexico CityMexico City
General Scott Enters General Scott Enters Mexico CityMexico City
“Old Fuss and Feathers”
“Old Fuss and Feathers”
Treaty of Guadalupe-Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848Hidalgo, 1848
Treaty of Guadalupe-Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848Hidalgo, 1848
Nicholas Trist,American
Negotiator
Nicholas Trist,American
Negotiator
Treaty of Guadalupe-Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo 1848Hidalgo 1848
Treaty of Guadalupe-Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo 1848Hidalgo 1848
Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River.
Mexico gave the U. S. California and New Mexico.
U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico (over $3,500,000).
Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River.
Mexico gave the U. S. California and New Mexico.
U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico (over $3,500,000).
The Treaty was basically forced on Mexico!
The Mexican CessionThe Mexican CessionThe Mexican CessionThe Mexican Cession
Results of the Mexican Results of the Mexican War?War?
Results of the Mexican Results of the Mexican War?War?1. The 17-month war cost $100,000,000
and 13,000+ American lives (mostly of disease).
2. New territories were brought into the Union which forced the explosive issue of SLAVERY to the center of national politics. * Brought in 1 million sq. mi. of land (incl. TX)
3. These new territories would upset the balance of power between North and South.
4. Created two popular Whig generals who ran for President.
5. Manifest Destiny partially realized.
1. The 17-month war cost $100,000,000 and 13,000+ American lives (mostly of disease).
2. New territories were brought into the Union which forced the explosive issue of SLAVERY to the center of national politics. * Brought in 1 million sq. mi. of land (incl. TX)
3. These new territories would upset the balance of power between North and South.
4. Created two popular Whig generals who ran for President.
5. Manifest Destiny partially realized.
California Pages 477-484
• California Gold• Election of 1848
– Free-Soilers– Popular Sovereignty
The Bear Flag RepublicThe Bear Flag RepublicThe Bear Flag RepublicThe Bear Flag Republic
John C. FrémontJohn C.
Frémont
The Revolt June 14, 1845
The Revolt June 14, 1845
GOLD!GOLD! Sutter’s Mill Sutter’s Mill 18481848
GOLD!GOLD! Sutter’s Mill Sutter’s Mill 18481848
John A. Sutter John A. Sutter
Golden Issues
• Rapid rise in population and immigration– Chinese not welcome!!!– No government or infrastructure– Creates need for expansion of agriculture
• Environmental destruction– Forests and waterways devastated– Mining techniques alter geography
• Territory Constitution prohibits slavery
California Gold Rush California Gold Rush 18491849
California Gold Rush California Gold Rush 18491849
49er’s49er’s
Two Views of San Two Views of San Francisco, Early 1850sFrancisco, Early 1850s
Two Views of San Two Views of San Francisco, Early 1850sFrancisco, Early 1850s
By 1860, almost 300,000 people had traveled theOregon & CaliforniaTrails to the Pacificcoast.
By 1860, almost 300,000 people had traveled theOregon & CaliforniaTrails to the Pacificcoast.
Free Soil PartyFree Soil PartyFree Soil PartyFree Soil PartyFree Soil! Free Speech! Free Labor! Free Men!
Free Soil! Free Speech! Free Labor! Free Men!
“Barnburners” – discontented northern Democrats.
Anti-slave members of the Liberty and Whig Parties.
Opposition to the extension of slavery in the new territories!
“Barnburners” – discontented northern Democrats.
Anti-slave members of the Liberty and Whig Parties.
Opposition to the extension of slavery in the new territories! WHY?WHY?
The 1848 Presidential The 1848 Presidential Election ResultsElection Results
The 1848 Presidential The 1848 Presidential Election ResultsElection Results
√
Free-Spoilers?
• Lack of strong national party candidates allows MVB to split the Democratic vote and give the presidency to Taylor (Whig)
• Alternative to the more ‘radical’ Liberty Party
• Beginning of the end?
Popular Sovereignty
• Simple definition – people power
• Reality: Let the people of a territory decide whether that territory should be free or slave
• Issues?
Quick Review
3. How and approximately when did the US acquire Oregon?
4. What was the main issue with Texas becoming a state?
5. What was the Free Soil Party in favor of?
Quick Review 2
4. What was the purpose of the Wilmot Proviso?
5. What were the conditions of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
6. What were the causes of the Mexican-American War?