mangroves and the circulareconomy
TRANSCRIPT
Mangroves and the Circular Economy
AquaCircular-Mangroves and the CircularEconomy
[Katharine N. Farrell]
07 October2020
1
where water meets water and what that implies
Katharine N. Farrell BA, MSc, MScEng, PhD
Associate Professor, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, [email protected].
Visiting Professor, SMART University Initiative, Universidad del
Magdalena, CO. Afiliated Researcher, (WINS) Berlin Workshop in
Institutional Analysis of Social Ecological Systems, Humboldt-
Universität zu Berlin, DE.
What is Water?
AquaCircular-Mangroves and the CircularEconomy
[Katharine N. Farrell]
07 October2020
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What is the CircularEconomy?
https://economiacircularverde.com/moda-
sostenible/
https://challenge.biomimicry.org/en/challeng
e
/global-design-challenge-2020
Haas, W., et al. (2015). "How
Circular is the Global Economy?"
Journal of Industrial Ecology 19(5):
765-777.
Cadillo-Benalcazar, J. J., et al. (2020). "Multi-scale
integrated evaluation of the sustainability of large-
scale use of alternative feeds in salmon
aquaculture." Journal of Cleaner Production 248:
119210.
Derived from the earlier works of Giampietro and
Mayumi (2000). Multiple-Scale Integrated
Assessment of Societal Metabolism: Introducing
the Approach.
Population and Environment 22(2): 109-153.
Skou Andersen, M.
(2007). "An introductory note on the
environmental economics of the circular
economy." Sustainability Science 2(1):
133-140.
AquaCircular-Mangroves and the CircularEconomy
[Katharine N. Farrell]
07 October2020
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this position was
developed in
collaboration with
Kozo Mayumi
AquaCircular-Mangroves and the CircularEconomy
[Katharine N. Farrell]
07 October2020
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Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen
proto-ecological economist;
originator of the concept of
bioeconomics; precursor of the
circular economy
Economics is about qualitative biological
changeGeorgescu-Roegen, N. 1971. The Entropy Law and the Economic Process.London: Harvard University Press, Distributed by Oxford University Press
(GR, 1971).
Wicksteed's production function [ P = f
(a,b,c,…) ]
“an acme of imprecision”Georgescu-Roegen, N. 1990. Production process and dynamic economics. In:
Baranzini, M.,Scazzieri, R. Ed. The Economic Theory of Structure and Change. Cambridge:
CambridgeUniversity Press: p. 205 (GR, 1990).
following on from his work at Harvard, in the 30s, on Consumption Theory andActivity Analysis, reflecting on his time in Romania duringWWII …
(1) “Romania’s institutions were not adapted to the Walrasian principleof
profit maximisation”Georgescu-Roegen, N. 1976. Energy and Economic
Myths: Institutional and Analytical Economic Essays. Oxford: Pergamon: xi (GR, 1976).
(2) “One certainly would not expect a society that cannot live according to the Walrasian distribution theory to commit suicide rather than adopt another system”
Georgescu-Roegen, N. 1966. Analytical Economics: issues and problems. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press: p. 339 (GR, 1966).
The Concept of economic Anschauung
AquaCircular-Mangroves and the CircularEconomy
[Katharine N. Farrell]
07 October2020
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“…an arithmomorphic model has no value unless there is a dialectical
reasoning
to be tested”Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen, 1971. The Entropy Law and the Economic
Process. London: Harvard University Press, Distributed by Oxford University Press (GR71):341 emphasis original
• To explain the process of dialectical parameterisation, Georgescu-Roegen chose a very particular term, Anschauung, which might betranslated into English as, intuition, subjective observation orpurposive gaze
• The term is used by Immanuel Kant, in his Critique of PureReason, where he distinguishes between two forms of reason:
• Verstand or understanding, where what is, is observed through reference to itsowncharacteristics; pertaining to das Ding an sich
• Anschauung, or subjective comprehension, where what is, is experienced and interpreted by a subject; pertaining to intentionality with respect to which usefulness can be evaluated
economic Anschauung: space/time and process boundaries
• In GR71 the flow-fund theory employs three time categories• time t mechanical clock time (explicit) (delimits the time horizon)
• measured intervals : over which processes happen : flows change and funds
do not
• time T the endless flow of time (explicit) (the passage of time)• unmeasurable and irreversible temporal frame within which processes
happen• tim
e
Cuisine (implicit) – economic Anschauung (defines the time
horizon)• the complex of tradition, consciousness and abstraction through which
societies conceptualise the structure of time, either generally or for a specifically bounded process, thereby specifying the space/time boundaries of processes and on that basis their flow-fund element composition
Farrell, K.N. and K. Mayumi. 2009. Time horizons and electricity futures: an application of Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen’sgeneral theory of economic production. Energy 34(3):301-
307. Silva-Macher, JC and K.N. Farrell. 2014. The flow/fund model of Conga: exploring the anatomy of environmental conflicts at theAndes–Amazon
commodity frontier. Environment, Development and Sustainability 16(3)747-768.AquaCircular-Mangroves and the Circular
Economy
[Katharine N. Farrell]
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Defining Flows and Funds
AquaCircular-Mangroves and the CircularEconomy
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‘‘Flows are elements that enter but do not leave the process or, conversely, elements that exit without having entered the process. Funds ([typically] capital, people and Ricardian land2) are elements that enter and exit the process unchanged,transforming input into outputflows’’
Mayumi, K. 1999. “Embodied energy analysis, Sraffa’s analysis, Georgescu-Roegen’s flow-fund modeland viability of solar technology.” In: Mayumi, K. and Gowdy J., Eds. Bioeconomics and
sustainability: essays in honor of Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen. Cheltenham: EdwardElgar:173-193 (p.191).
2 Mayumi includes here, the following note:‘‘in this representation, outflows of any kind are represented by positive coordinates, inflows bynegative
coordinates’’
Grannies Cookies / an All United Statesian
Cuisine
} list of
ingredients
mixinginstructions
Cuisine
Wicksteed's production
function
Farrell, K.N. and K. Mayumi 2006. ‘Time and Tradition in the Works of Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen.’ Presented at the BiennialInternational Workshop: Advances in Energy Studies "Perspectives on Energy Future" | Porto Venere, Italy 12-16 Sept., 2006; published in 2009 as Farrell, K.N. andK. Mayumi.
2009. Time horizons and electricity futures: an application of Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen’s general theory of economic production. Energy 34(3):301-307.
AquaCircular-Mangroves and the CircularEconomy
[Katharine N. Farrell]
07 October2020
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P = f
(a,b,c,…)
Kenneth Boulding‘s
critique
Grannies Cookies / an All United StatesianCuisine
mixinginstructions
Cuisine
} list of ingredients
Wicksteed's productionfunction
P = f (a,b,c,…)
Kenneth Boulding‘s
critique
eating the seed corn: economic activity - producing food | resource - seed corn
time (perspective on time)
Cuisine
time T (context)
mixing instructions
immediate infinite
a
b
c
d
ordinary daily life
business as usual
agricultural production
starvation
resource management
food production
husbandry
must eat NOW
store
fund
meta-fund
flow n/a n/a
time t (horizon)
ingredient status
ordinary
Farrell, K.N. and K. Mayumi 2006. ‘Time and Tradition in the Works of Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen.’ Presented at the BiennialInternational Workshop: Advances in Energy Studies "Perspectives on Energy Future" | Porto Venere, Italy 12-16 Sept., 2006; published in 2009 as Farrell, K.N. andK. Mayumi.
2009. Time horizons and electricity futures: an application of Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen’s general theory of economic production. Energy 34(3):301-307.
AquaCircular-Mangroves and the CircularEconomy
[Katharine N. Farrell]
07 October2020
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One Cherry Tree – two Cuisines
Produced or Producing?
Product or Capital?
Flow or Fund?
to the farmer – the tree is a producer of fruit(fund)
to the carpenter – it’s a supply of wood
(flow)
to the bee – a producer of nectar
(fund)
to the aphid – a direct source of
food (flow)
Adapted from Silva-Macher, JC and K.N. Farrell. 2014. The flow/fund model of Conga: exploring the anatomy ofenvironmentalconflicts at the Andes–Amazon commodity frontier. Environment, Development and Sustainability16(3)747-768.
AquaCircular-Mangroves and the CircularEconomy
[Katharine N. Farrell]
07 October2020
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where water meetswater
Source: Map generated by Dr. Guiying Li, Center for Global Change
and Earth Observation, Michigan State University; repoduced in Torres-
Guevara L, Lopez M, Schlüter A. 2016. Understanding Artisanal Fishers’
Behaviors: The Case of Ciénaga
Grande de Santa Marta, Colombia. Sustainability 8:
549.AquaCircular-Mangroves and the CircularEconomy
[Katharine N. Farrell]
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• The Great Swamp of Santa Marta• Biosphere Reserve
• Ramsar Site
• Mega biodiverse region, in combination with the Sierra Nevada to its east
• The Plantations: 1950 United Fruit
Company• Industrial global scale banana production
• Reduced and slowed river flow due to
irrigation
• The Road; end of the 1960s• construction of a road across the coastal
barrier
• mangrove forest excavated
• salt/fresh water exchange system blocked
• Massive ecological collapse: 1970s and
1980s• 1990s interventions began
• attempts to replant mangrove
• eventually channels to increase circulation
• Channels in the west now also
• to increase freshwater inflow from the River Magdalena
• which is substantially diminished in flow due to upland irrigation
economic Anschauung of the mestizo artisanal fishing communities established in
the Great Swamp of SantaMarta• Daily subsistence production
• Marginalised socio-economic situation / neither colonised nor colonizer – least rights inColombia
• Loose gender disaggregation of fishing (male) and sale of fishing product (female)
• Fishing identity symbolizes
economicand social independence in an unstable context of armedconflict
Ciénaga Fotos: Vilardy, S., y González, J.A. (Eds.). 2011.
Repensando la Ciénaga. Universidad del Magdalena y
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Santa Marta, Colombia: p.36.
AquaCircular-Mangroves and the CircularEconomy
[Katharine N. Farrell]
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economic Anschauung of the agriculturalsector at the base of the Sierra Nevada of SantaMarta
• Maximise short term profits
• Colonial elite, some small holders, transnational corporations (as buyers), and marginalized mestizo employees
• Major source of income for the region and for thecountry
• Heavily dependent on irrigation
AquaCircular-Mangroves and the CircularEconomy
[Katharine N. Farrell]
07 October2020
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economic Anschauung of the tourismsectoralong the coast of SantaMarta
• Maximise short term profits
• Colonial elite, local and from the interior of country (as clients and owners of second homes), international clients, marginalized service sectorproviders
• Major source of income for the region and for thecountry
• Diverting substantial amounts of water from its natural riverflow
AquaCircular-Mangroves and the CircularEconomy
[Katharine N. Farrell]
07 October2020
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Secretaria de la Convención Ramsar Informe
(2017) Misión Ramsar de Asesoramiento No. 82,
Sitio Ramsar Sistema Delta Estuarino del Rio
Magdalena Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta.
P.20
Magdalena / Barranquilla
side
AquaCircular-Mangroves and the CircularEconomy
[Katharine N. Farrell]
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- physical destruction of
mangroves; timbering
and coast road
construction
- reduced water flow,
heavy metal and
biological contamination
due to upstream
urbanisation and
agriculture
- gateway for
international tourism
pressure
Sierra / Santa Marta
side- physical destruction of
mangroves; agriculture
and coast road
construction
- reduced water flow and
biological contamination due
to
upstream urbanisation
andagricultur
e- gateway for national
tourismpressur
e
Juxtaposing flow-fund Logics
across conflicting Actors
AquaCircular-Mangroves and the CircularEconomy
[Katharine N. Farrell]
07 October2020
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• Gold Mining / Milk Production Conflict in Northern Peru
• Silva-Macher, J.C. and K.N. Farrell. 2014. The flow/fund model of Conga: exploring the anatomy of environmental conflicts at the Andes–Amazon commodity frontier. Environment, Development and Sustainability16(3)747-768.
AquaCircular-Mangroves and the CircularEconomy
[Katharine N. Farrell]
07 October2020
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[Katharine N.
Farrell]1807 October 202A0quaCircular-Mangroves and the Circular
Economy
Representing Purposive Complexity as Parameters for ProcessElements
Silva-Macher, J.C. and K.N. Farrell. 2014. The flow/fund model of Conga: exploring the anatomy of environmental conflicts at the Andes–Amazon commodity frontier. Environment, Development and Sustainability16(3)747-768.
Based on Giampietro, M. & K. Mayumi. 2004. Impredicative loop analysis: Dealing with the representation of chicken-egg processes. In M. Giampietro, Multi-scale integrated analysis of agroecosystems Boca Raton: CRC Press: 171–230.
AquaCircular-Mangroves and the CircularEconomy
[Katharine N. Farrell]
07 October2020
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Exploring the Anatomy of theConflict
rivers
feedin
gthe Great
Swamp
area of the Great
Swamp
Anschauung - mestizo
artisanalfishing
communities
ocean
currents
feeding the
Great
Swamp
Anschauung - agricultural sector (bananas and African
Palm Oil)
Anschauung - the tourism sector (mainly along the
coast)
fund
fund
flowfun
d
flo
w
fun
d
AquaCircular-Mangroves and the CircularEconomy
[Katharine N. Farrell]
07 October2020
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Photo: Cienága Grande de Santa Marta
with the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in the
background June 2020, taken by Jose Bermudez, Fisherman
and Antropologist
¡ Thank you for your attention !