managing archaeological sites

ARCLG127: MANAGING ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES

2013-2014

MA COURSE HANDBOOK: 30 credits

Co-ordinator: Tim Williams Room 602 Email: [email protected] Tel: 020 7679 4722

UCL INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY

Managing Archaeological Sites Page i

CONTENTS

1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 1 2 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 3 Aims, objectives and outcomes of the course ................................................................ 1

3.1 Background .............................................................................................................. 1 4.1 Aims ......................................................................................................................... 3 4.2 Objectives ................................................................................................................. 3 4.3 Learning outcomes ................................................................................................... 3

5 Programme structure ..................................................................................................... 3 5.1 Teaching schedule & methods .................................................................................. 3 5.2 Workload .................................................................................................................. 4 5.3 Prerequisites ............................................................................................................. 4

6 Timetable: Week-by-week summary ............................................................................ 5 7 Coursework ..................................................................................................................... 7

7.1 Methods of assessment ............................................................................................. 7 7.2 Assessment tasks ...................................................................................................... 7

7.2.1 Assignment One: Submission deadline: 6th December, 2013 ........................... 7 7.2.2 Assignment Two: Submission deadline: 21st March, 2014 .............................. 8 7.2.3 Assignment Three: Submission deadline: 28th April, 2014 .............................. 9

7.3 Procedures ................................................................................................................ 9 7.3.1 Word-length ...................................................................................................... 9 7.3.2 Presentation ...................................................................................................... 9 7.3.3 Citing of sources ............................................................................................... 9 7.3.4 Submission (including Turnitin) ..................................................................... 10 7.3.5 UCL-wide penalties for late submission of coursework .................................. 11 7.3.6 Grading ........................................................................................................... 12 7.3.7 Keeping copies ............................................................................................... 12 7.3.8 Timescale for return of marked coursework to students.................................. 12 7.3.9 Re-submission of coursework ......................................................................... 12 7.3.10 Return of coursework...................................................................................... 12

8 General information & Resources ............................................................................... 12 8.1 Basic introductory texts .......................................................................................... 12 8.2 USB flash drive ...................................................................................................... 14 8.3 Online resources ..................................................................................................... 14

8.3.1 Moodle ............................................................................................................ 14 8.3.2 UCL Heritage Studies Research Group Blog .................................................. 14 8.3.3 UCL Centre for Sustainable Heritage ............................................................. 14 8.3.4 UCL Centre for Museums, Heritage & Material Culture Studies.................... 14

9 Detailed syllabus ........................................................................................................... 14 9.1 AUTUMN TERM................................................................................................... 15

Session 1 (lecture): Introduction. Why manage? What are we managing? (Tim

Williams) .................................................................................................................... 15 Session 2 (lecture): Authenticity, values and interest groups (Tim Williams) ............ 19 Session 3 (practical): Exploring values (Tim Williams) ............................................. 24 Session 4 (lecture): Management planning: models and approaches (Tim Williams) . 24 Session 5 (practical): Review of selected Management Plans ..................................... 27 Session 6 (lecture): Participatory planning, sustainability and the ethics of

international assistance (Tim Williams) ...................................................................... 28 Session 7 (discussion): Ethics & standards in archaeological heritage management .. 31 Session 8 (lecture): Legislation and charters – the international context (Tim

Williams) .................................................................................................................... 32 Site Visit I: Stonehenge and Avebury ......................................................................... 34

Managing Archaeological Sites Page ii

Session 9 (lecture & discussion): implementing the Avebury Management Plan (Sarah

Simmonds, Avebury World Heritage Site Officer) ..................................................... 36 Session 10 (lecture): World Heritage Sites. Nomination, evaluation and periodic

reporting (Tim Williams) ............................................................................................ 36 Site visit II: Bankside, Globe & Rose Theatres, Winchester Palace, Spitalfields Market

& the George Inn ........................................................................................................ 39 Session 11 (lecture): Case study: Implementing the World Heritage convention

(Christopher Young, English Heritage) ...................................................................... 39 Session 12 (discussion): The future of World Heritage sites? (Henry Cleere & Kirsty

Norman) ..................................................................................................................... 40 Session 13 (lecture): Documentation: a platform for decision-making (Tim Williams)

.................................................................................................................................... 40 Session 14 (lecture): Preventive conservation and maintenance: including shelters on

archaeological sites (Tim Williams) ........................................................................... 42 Session 15 (lecture): Reburial of archaeological sites (Kirsty Norman)...................... 48 Session 16 (lecture): Condition reports - assessing the state of conservation (Dean

Sully) .......................................................................................................................... 49 Session 17 (lecture): Managing archaeological resources and development: The

approach in England (Joe Flatman, English Heritage) ................................................ 50 Session 18 (lecture): Case study: Developing Governance (Kirsty Norman) ............. 51 Session 19 (informal discussion): Discussion of placement opportunities (Tim

Williams & Kirsty Norman) ....................................................................................... 51 Session 20 (lecture): Interpretation strategies at open-air archaeological sites (Sarah

Dhanjal) ...................................................................................................................... 51 9.2 SPRING TERM ...................................................................................................... 56

Session 21 (lecture): Case studies in site interpretation (Dirk Bennett) ..................... 56 Session 22 (lecture): Recording, managing, conserving and interpreting urban

archaeological sites (Tim Williams) ........................................................................... 56 Site visit III: Roman London: London Billingsgate bathhouse, Temple of Mithras,

Guildhall amphitheatre, City wall, and the Museum of London ................................. 59 Session 23 (seminar): Interpreting archaeological sites in modern urban landscapes

(Class-led) .................................................................................................................. 59 Session 24 (lecture): Cultural tourism and sustainability (Tim Williams) .................. 60 Session 25 (seminar): Cultural resource management in developing countries: by

whom, for whom? (Class-led)..................................................................................... 65 Session 26 (lecture): Case study: The Kasubi Tombs and heritage management in

Uganda (Andrew Reid) ............................................................................................... 65 Session 27 (seminar): Our role in post-conflict reconstruction (Class-led) ................. 66 Session 28 (lecture & discussion): Council of Europe and the Valletta convention

(Adrian Olivier) .......................................................................................................... 68 Session 29 (seminar): Conservation or visitors? (Class-led) ....................................... 69 Session 30 (lecture): Risk and disaster management (Tim Williams) ......................... 69 Session 31 (seminar): The role of archaeological excavation in managing

archaeological sites (Class-led) ................................................................................... 70 Session 32 (lecture): Archaeological sites with in-situ mosaics: challenges and issues

in conservation and display (John Stewart, English Heritage) .................................... 70 Site visit IV: Battle Abbey & Lullingstone Roman villa ............................................. 71 Session 33 (seminar): Approaches to landscape interpretation (Class-led) ................. 71 Session 34: (lecture): Managing rural archaeological sites (Vince Holyoak, English

Heritage) ..................................................................................................................... 71 Session 35 (lecture): Case study: Cathedrals: places of worships & historic buildings.

Marrying different values (Anne Locke, Church of England)..................................... 74

Managing Archaeological Sites Page iii

Session 36 (lecture): Management of archaeological resources in the coastal zone (Joe

Flatman) ..................................................................................................................... 75 Session 37 (practical): Statements of significance (Tim Williams)............................. 75 Session 38 (lecture): The Silk Roads - a case study in a serial trans-boundary

nomination strategies (Tim Williams) ........................................................................ 76 Session 39 (lecture): Management context, monitoring & evaluating (Tim Williams)

.................................................................................................................................... 76 Session 40: Conclusions & review (Tim Williams) .................................................... 77

10 Additional information................................................................................................. 78 10.1 Communication ...................................................................................................... 78 10.2 Attendance .............................................................................................................. 78 10.3 Information for intercollegiate and interdepartmental students ............................... 78 10.4 Libraries and other resources .................................................................................. 78 10.5 Dyslexia .................................................................................................................. 78 10.6 Health and Safety.................................................................................................... 78 10.7 Feedback ................................................................................................................. 79

Appendix 1: USB flash drive ............................................................................................... 80 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 80 Files: PDF format ............................................................................................................... 80 Copyright............................................................................................................................ 80

Managing Archaeological Sites Page 1

1 OVERVIEW

This course aims to examine the theory and practice of archaeological site management, the

reasons for selecting sites for preservation, and the methods for successful management and

conservation of a site's significance. By the end of the course, students should be able to

understand and apply a planning process based on the recognition of a site's values and of its

interest groups, or stakeholders. Students will also learn practical methods for the physical

conservation of different categories of archaeological sites and will master a technical

vocabulary adequate to communicate with site management specialists. The course has an

international perspective and will appeal to students from a range of academic backgrounds

(e.g. archaeology, conservation, planning, architecture, museum studies). In balancing theory

and practice, it will suit those wishing to continue on to academic research and those seeking

employment in heritage administration or international organisations.

2 INTRODUCTION

This is the course handbook for ARCGL127 Managing Archaeological Sites. It outlines the

aims and objectives, structure and content of the course. It is also available on the Institute

web-site.

This Handbook should be used alongside the MA/MSc Handbook (also available on the

Institute web-site), which contains information about all MA and MSc degrees, and options

within them, being taught this year. The MA/MSc Handbook gives essential information on a

range of topics, from enrolment to guidance on the dissertation, so students should ensure that

they read it carefully. Distributed along with the MA/MSc Handbook are maps of the College

precinct and surrounding area of London, the complete MA/MSc teaching timetable and the

list of Personal Tutors to MA and MSc students. Students should consult this list to find out

who is to be their Personal Tutor for the year, and students should make contact with them

soon after their arrival to arrange a meeting.

If students have queries about the organisation, objectives, structure, content or assessment of

the course, they should consult the Course Co-ordinator.

3 AIMS, OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES OF THE COURSE

3.1 Background

This course aims to examine the theory and practice of archaeological site management, the

reasons for selecting sites for preservation, and the methods for successful management and

conservation of a site's significance. By the end of the course, students should be able to

understand and apply a planning process based on the recognition of a site's values and of its

interest groups, or stakeholders. Students will also learn practical methods for the physical

conservation of different categories of archaeological sites and will master a technical

vocabulary adequate to communicate with site management specialists. In balancing theory

and practice, it will suit those wishing to continue on to academic research and those seeking

employment in heritage administration or international organisations.

The emergence of archaeological site management as a discipline results from a combination

of factors: widespread concerns about the conservation and interpretation of archaeological

sites, including preservation in-situ, intellectual access to archaeological knowledge, and the

display of excavated sites; against a background of rising cultural tourism, pollution, climate

change and settlement expansion; and cognisant of issues of sustainable development and the

involvement of local communities in decision-making. Reactive intervention is not sufficient

to balance the long-term preservation of resources with the contemporary needs of users, and


holistic approaches to site management are currently being theorised, problematicised and

explored worldwide, across a wide range of site types, and in disparate social, economic and

cultural environments.

International organisations such as ICOMOS and UNESCO, and in more recent years

ICCROM and the Getty Conservation Institute, are pushing the agenda of archaeological site

management, be it in World Heritage Sites or in sites of national or local importance. Among

several possible types of management, the model emerged through the Australian Burra

Charter has acquired worldwide respect, mainly for its sensitive approach to the issue of

stakeholders and local communities, and the development of the concept of valuing the

resource.

The syllabus is based upon a practical model of site management. The course will start by

exploring charters and recommendations formulated by national and international

organisations, the issue of authenticity, and how values and significance, held by different

interest groups, can underpin the management process. It will then examine practical issues in

the identification of values, stakeholders, and significance, and explore how these can assist

in the planning process, in formulating policies and strategies. The course will then explore

administrative contexts and how these influence both the process of developing and

implementation of a management plan. The model of management planning will be explored

through practical issues of site conservation, maintenance, visitor management, tourism, and

economic and social development.

As simple as the model can seem, the iterative process and the large number of actors makes

this management process a complex one. It is also one that does not stop with the publication

of the plan, but continues throughout its implementation. A series of case studies from around

the world will exemplify the complexity of the process and of its implementation.

The Institute is a recipient of the Conservation and Heritage Management Award, from the

Archaeological Institute of America, for exceptional achievement in these fields. Students

benefit from the Institute's emphasis on the role of heritage in today's society, from the art and

archaeology collections of University College London, and from the unrivalled resources of

London's museums. The Institute of Archaeology supports the principles of the 1970

UNESCO Convention and the 1995 UNIDROIT Convention and is unique as a UK academic

department in having an ethics policy concerning the illicit trade in antiquities.


4.1 Aims

To provide an understanding of the processes that lead to the preparation and

implementation of a site management plan.

To equip the students with the theory and practice needed to carry out similar processes.

4.2 Objectives

To demonstrate the need for site management planning as a tool for conservation

To facilitate debate on the theory and methodology of value-based management planning

processes

To provide students with an understanding of the tools and the techniques for

documenting and assessing a site, producing a conservation and management plan, and

implementing it.

4.3 Learning outcomes

By the end of the course students should be able to demonstrate:

Observation and critical reflection

Application of acquired knowledge

Written and oral presentation skills

5 PROGRAMME STRUCTURE

5.1 Teaching schedule & methods

This course is timetabled in the first two terms, although assessed work is scheduled for

submission in the third term.

The course is taught through lectures, seminars, and practical sessions. In addition, at least

four fieldtrips (normally on Saturdays) will be arranged to give students greater familiarity

with the methods and techniques covered in the course.

Seminars have weekly recommended reading, which students will be expected to have done,

to be able fully to follow and to actively contribute to discussion.

Lectures will be held on Wednesdays: 4.00-6.00pm in G6 (Institute of Archaeology), except

on the 16th

October, 2013 (when there is a public lectures on). On the 16th

October we will be

in Room 612.

Seminars and practical sessions will take place in Room 410 (Institute of Archaeology) in

Term I and in Room 612 (Institute of Archaeology) in Term II. They are held on Tuesdays.

This is a two hour slot, 2.00-4.00pm. The seminar topics normally follow on from the lectures

of the previous week (so that you can take advantage of the concepts introduced during the

lecture, and those from the recommended readings). Some of the seminar sessions are

replaced by practical sessions, where specific approaches, such as conservation assessments,

will be experimented with.

You will be asked to prepare one seminar discussion during the course of the year. Further

details will be announced in class.


Site visits will be undertaken: two during the first term and two during the second term.

Provisional dates for these are in the timetable, but these are subject to finalisation of the

arrangements and discussion with the class. Further details will be announced closer to the

date.

Except in the case of illness, the 70% minimum attendance requirement applies to lectures

and seminars on the course. Field trips are optional.

5.2 Workload

There will be 80 hours of seminars and lectures, as well as at least four site visits. Students

will be expected to undertake background reading for the course, plus preparing for and

producing assessed work.

5.3 Prerequisites

This course does not have any prerequisites.


6 TIMETABLE: WEEK-BY-WEEK SUMMARY

AUTUMN TERM 23rd

September - 13th December, 2013

Students should check their e-mail frequently as any changes to arrangements and other

messages will be communicated by this means.

DATE TOPIC LECTURER

01/10/13 Session 1 (lecture): Introduction. Why manage? What

are we managing?

Tim Williams

02/10/13 Session 2 (lecture): Authenticity, values and interest

groups

Tim Williams

08/10/13 Session 3 (practical): Exploring values Practical

09/10/13 Session 4 (lecture): Management planning: models

and approaches

Tim Williams

15/10/13 Session 5 (practical): Review of management plans Practical

16/10/13 Session 6 (lecture): Participatory planning,

sustainability and the ethics of international assistance

(in room 612)

Tim Williams

22/10/13 Session 7 (discussion): Ethics & standards in

archaeological heritage management

Discussion

23/10/13

Session 8 (lecture): Legislation and charters – the

international context

Tim Williams

26/10/13 Site visit I: Stonehenge and Avebury Fieldtrip

29/10/13 Session 9 (lecture & discussion): Discussion of the

Avebury Management Plan

Sarah Simmonds

(Avebury World

Heritage officer)

30/10/13

Session 10 (lecture): World Heritage Sites.

Nomination, evaluation and periodic reporting

Tim Williams

Reading week

Site visit II: Bankside, Globe & Rose Theatres,

Winchester Palace & the George Inn

Fieldtrip

12/11/13 Session 11 (lecture): Case Study: Implementing the

World Heritage convention

Christopher Young

(English Heritage)

13/11/13 Session 12 (discussion): The future of World Heritage

sites?

Kirsty Norman &

Henry Cleere

19/11/13 Session 13 (lecture): Documentation: a platform for

decision-making

Tim Williams

20/11/13 Session 14 (lecture): Preventive conservation and

maintenance: including shelters on archaeological sites

Tim Williams

26/11/13 Session 15 (lecture): Reburial of archaeological sites Kirsty Norman

27/11/13 Session 16 (lecture): Condition reporting: assessing

the state of conservation

Dean Sully

03/12/13 Session 17 (lecture): Managing archaeological

resources and development: The approach in the

England

Joe Flatman

04/12/13 Session 18 (lecture): Case study: Developing

Governance

Kirsty Norman

10/12/13 Session 19 (informal discussion): Placement

opportunities

Tim Williams &

Kirsty Norman

11/12/13 Session 20 (lecture): Interpretation strategies at open-

air archaeological sites

Sarah Dhanjal


SPRING TERM 13th

January - 28th

March, 2014

DATE TOPIC LECTURER

14/01/14 Session 21 (lecture): Case studies in site interpretation Dirk Bennett

15/01/14 Session 22 (lecture): Recording, managing &

conserving urban archaeological sites

Tim Williams

18/01/14 Site visit III: Roman London: Billingsgate bathhouse,

Guildhall amphitheatre, City wall, Fort Gate &

Museum of London

Fieldtrip

21/01/14 Session 23 (seminar): Interpreting archaeological sites

in modern urban landscapes

Class-led

22/01/14 Session 24 (lecture): Cultural tourism and

sustainability

Tim Williams

28/01/14 Session 25 (seminar): Cultural resource management

in developing countries: by whom, for whom?

Class-led

29/01/14 Session 26 (lecture): Case study: The Kasubi Tombs

and heritage management in Uganda

Andrew Reid

04/02/14 Session 27 (seminar): Our role in post-conflict

reconstruction

Class-led

05/02/14 Session 28 (lecture & discussion): Council of Europe

and the Valletta convention

Adrian Olivier

11/02/14 Session 29 (seminar): Conservation or visitors? Class-led

12/02/14 Session 30 (lecture): Risk management Tim Williams

Reading week

25/02/14 Session 31 (seminar): The role of archaeological

excavation in managing sites

Class-led

26/02/14 Session 32 (lecture): Archaeological sites with in-situ

mosaics: challenges and issues in conservation and

display

John Stewart

(English Heritage)

01/03/14 Site visit IV: Battle Abbey & Lullingstone Roman villa Fieldtrip

04/03/14 Session 33 (seminar): Approaches to landscape

interpretation

Class-led

05/03/14 Session 34 (lecture): Managing rural archaeological

sites and landscapes

Vince Holyoak

(English Heritage)

11/03/14

Session 35 (lecture): Case study: Cathedrals: places of

worships & historic buildings. Marrying different

values

Anne Locke

(Church of

England)

12/03/14 Session 36 (lecture): Approaches to the management

of marine archaeological resources

Joe Flatman

18/03/14 Session 37 (practical): Statements of significance Tim Williams

19/03/14 Session 38 (lecture): The Silk Roads - a case study in a

serial trans-boundary nomination strategy

Tim Williams

25/03/14 Session 39 (lecture): Management context, monitoring

& evaluating

Tim Williams

26/03/14 Session 40 (discussion): Conclusions & review Discussion


7 COURSEWORK

7.1 Methods of assessment

The course is assessed by means of three pieces of coursework totalling c 8,000 words. The

first two pieces of work are each of 3,000 words. The third piece is approx. 2,000 words, but

there is no formal word limit for this piece: it is also likely that it will be heavily

illustrated/tabulated. Each of the three pieces contributes 33.3% to the final grade for this

module.

The topics and deadlines for each assessment are specified below. If students are unclear

about the nature of an assignment, they should contact the Course Co-ordinator. The Course

Co-ordinator will be willing to discuss an outline of their approach to the assessment,

provided this is planned suitably in advance of the submission date.

The course comprises 30 credits towards your total degree.

7.2 Assessment tasks

In this course your essays should examine theoretical issues, using archaeological sites and

practices, from any area, to illustrate your discussions.

Like most academic writing, your essays should present an argument supported by analysis.

Typically your analysis will include a critical evaluation (not simply description) of concepts

in some subset of archaeological management theoretical literature. Remember, you must

draw upon readings from multiple class sessions, examine some of the primary literature in

addition to secondary literature, and use references to support your assertions. The course co-

ordinator will be willing to discuss an outline of your approach to the assessment, provided

this is planned suitably in advance of the submission date.

For assignments 1 & 2, a range of possible essay topics is suggested below, but students are

also invited to identify an original topic in consultation with the course coordinator (the essay

title will be subject to their approval). The topic should be clearly related to at least one of the

themes covered in the classes. Students wishing to write on topics that have not yet been

covered in lectures are invited to seek additional guidance from the coordinators.

The nature of the third assignment, and possible approaches to it, will be discussed in class,

well in advance of the submission deadline.

If students are unclear about the nature of an assignment, they should discuss this with the

Course co-ordinator.

7.2.1 Assignment One: Submission deadline: 6th December, 2013

Please choose ONE of the questions below. Your essay should be 3000 words (in the range

2,850-3,150 words) in length. You should use illustrations as appropriate.

a) How has the concept of authenticity changed since the Venice Charter? Does it

still have a role in the management and conservation of archaeological sites and

landscapes?

b) Discuss the concept of values and how are they formed. What is their importance

in the compilation of a statement of significance?


c) How might you balance potentially conflicting values in the management of

archaeological sites?

d) In what ways can a country’s legislation and government guidance create a

framework for archaeological site management?

e) Given that the involvement of local communities is important in the management

of archaeological sites, what could be done to encourage their participation?

f) Discuss the role of heritage professionals in decision-making at archaeological

sites.

g) In what circumstances would the reburial of archaeological remains be an

appropriate strategy? What practical and technical issues are involved in reburial?

h) Discuss the notion of 'sustainability' and its application to archaeological heritage

management.

i) Examine the sites currently selected as “World Heritage in Danger”

(http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=86). Discuss their selection and the role of the

“in danger” list.

7.2.2 Assignment Two: Submission deadline: 21st March, 2014

Please choose ONE of the questions below. Your essay should be 3000 words (in the range

2,850-3,150 words) in length. You should use illustrations as appropriate.

a) ‘Heritage tourism’ comprises a significant proportion of the global phenomenon of

tourism. Discuss the impacts and potential of heritage tourism on the management of

archaeological sites in developing countries.

b) Should visitor access to sites ever be limited for reasons of conservation?

c) Discuss the role of documentation, maintenance, and interpretation in managing

excavated earthen architecture.

d) What are the elements of an archaeological site management plan? What measures

are crucial to its success?

e) What are the constraints that are likely to influence the way a site or landscape is

conserved and interpreted to the public? Give examples.

f) Shelters on archaeological sites: visual intrusions or the only viable solution? Discuss

the key elements in decision-making about sheltering for excavated sites. Use

examples.

g) Explore one or more Management Plans for World Heritage Sites of your choice.

Discuss their aims, structure and effectiveness.

h) Agnew, N. and Demas, M. (eds) 2002. Principles for the Conservation of Heritage

Sites in China. ICOMOS China: The Getty Conservation Institute

AG AGN (3 copies)

MAS/Getty/china_principles.pdf

www.getty.edu/conservation/resources/china_prin.pdf

http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=86

http://www.getty.edu/conservation/resources/china_prin.pdf


Is this work dominated by western conservation specialists’ emphasis on material

integrity and authenticity through materials, or does it reflect a mixture of western

and eastern conservation ethics and values? What do you think the strengths and

weaknesses of this form of collaboration to be?

7.2.3 Assignment Three: Submission deadline: 28th April, 2014

Prepare a statement of significance for a site of your choice. Use illustrations as appropriate.

Further guidance on this assessment will be provided during the course. There is no set word

limit for this piece of work (although it might be in the order of 2,000 words), as it depends

upon the best way of presenting the site and its values. It is expected that the piece will

include numerous illustrations and it may be appropriate to tabulate information.

7.3 Procedures

7.3.1 Word-length

Strict new regulations with regard to word-length were introduced UCL-wide with effect

from 2013.

Penalties for over-length coursework: for submitted coursework, where a maximum length

has been specified, the following procedure will apply:

i) The length of coursework will normally be specified in terms of a word count

ii) Assessed work should not exceed the prescribed length.

iii) For work that exceeds the specified maximum length by less than 10% the mark

will be reduced by ten percentage marks; but the penalised mark will not be

reduced below the pass mark, assuming the work merited a pass.

iv) For work that exceeds the specified maximum length by 10% or more, a mark of

zero will be recorded.

v) In the case of coursework that is submitted late and is also over-length, the

lateness penalty will have precedence.

The following should not be included in the word-count: title page, contents pages, lists of

figure and tables, abstract, preface, acknowledgements, bibliography, captions and contents of

tables and figures, appendices, and wording of citations.

7.3.2 Presentation

Essays and other assessed work must be word-processed (unless otherwise specified) and

should be printed on both sides of the paper, using 1.5-line spacing. Bibliographies may be in

single line spacing. Adequate margins should be left for written comments by the examiner.

Students are encouraged to use diagrams and/or tables where appropriate. These should be

clearly referred to at the appropriate point in the text, and if derived from another source, this

must be clearly acknowledged.

7.3.3 Citing of sources

Coursework should be expressed in a student’s own words giving the exact source of any

ideas, information, diagrams, etc. that are taken from the work of others. Any direct

quotations from the work of others must be indicated as such by being placed between

inverted commas.

Plagiarism is regarded as a very serious irregularity, which can carry very heavy penalties. It

is your responsibility to read and abide by the requirements for presentation, referencing and


avoidance of plagiarism to be found in the IoA ‘Coursework Guidelines’ on the IoA website

http://www.ucl.ac.uk/archaeology/administration/students/handbook

There are strict penalties for plagiarism. Further details are available on the IoA website.

The term “plagiarism” means presenting material (words, figures etc.) in a way that allows

the reader to believe that it is the work of the author he or she is reading, when it is in fact the

creation of another person.

In academic and other circles, plagiarism is regarded as theft of intellectual property. In UCL

regulations, all detected plagiarism is to be penalised and noted on the student’s record,

irrespective of whether the plagiarism is committed knowingly or unintentionally. The whole

process of an allegation of plagiarism and its investigation is likely to cause considerable

personal embarrassment and to leave a very unpleasant memory, in addition to the practical

consequences of the penalty. The penalties can be surprisingly severe and may include failing

a course or a whole degree. It is thus important to take deliberate steps to avoid any

inadvertent plagiarism.

Avoiding plagiarism should start at the stage of taking notes. In your notes, it should be

wholly clear what is taken directly from a source, what is a paraphrase of the content of a

source and what is your own synthesis or original thought. Make sure you include sources and

relevant page numbers in your notes.

When writing an essay any words and special meanings, any special phrases, any clauses or

sentences taken directly from a source must be enclosed in inverted commas and followed by

a reference to the source in brackets. It is not generally necessary to use direct quotations

except when comparing particular terms or phrases used by different authors. Similarly, all

figures and tables taken from sources must have their origin acknowledged in the caption.

Captions do not contribute to any maximum word lengths.

Paraphrased information taken from a source must be followed by a reference to the source. If

a paragraph contains information from several sources, it must be made clear what

information comes from where: a list of sources at the end of the paragraph is not sufficient.

Please cite sources of information fully, including page numbers where appropriate, in order

to avoid any risk of plagiarism: citations in the text do not contribute to any maximum word

count.

To guard further against inadvertent plagiarism, you may find it helpful to write a plan of

your coursework answer or essay and to write the coursework primarily on the basis of your

plan, only referring to sources or notes when you need to check something specific such as a

page number for a citation.

7.3.4 Submission (including Turnitin)

Students are required to submit hard copy of all coursework to the course co-ordinator’s

pigeon hole via the Red Essay Box at Reception by the appropriate deadline. The coursework

must be stapled to a completed blue coversheet (available from the web, from outside Room

411A or from the IoA library).

Students should put their Candidate Number on all coursework. This is a 5 digit alphanumeric

code and can be found on Portico: it is different from the Student Number/ID. Please also put

the Candidate Number and course code on each page of the work.

It is also essential that students put their Candidate Number at the start of the title line on

Turnitin, followed by the short title of the coursework: e.g. YBPR6 Managing Sites.

http://www.ucl.ac.uk/archaeology/administration/students/handbook


Please note the stringent UCL-wide penalties for late submission (given below). Late

submission will be penalized in accordance with these regulations unless permission has been

granted and an Extension Request Form (ERF) completed.

Date-stamping is via ‘Turnitin’ (see below), so in addition to submitting hard copy, students

must also submit their work to Turnitin by midnight on the day of the deadline.

It is essential that students upload all parts of their coursework to Turnitin (e.g. including the

bibliography and images). This ensures that a complete electronic copy of all work is

available in case an essay goes astray. Please be assured that markers will not include these

additional elements when checking word counts.

The Turnitin 'Class ID' for this course is 611621 and the 'Class Enrolment Password' is

IoA1314 (note that this is capital letter I, lower case letter o, upper case A, followed by the

current academic year). Further information is given on the IoA website

(http://www.ucl.ac.uk/archaeology/administration/students/handbook/turnitin). Turnitin

advisers will be available to help you via email: [email protected] if needed.

Students who encounter technical problems submitting their work to Turnitin should email

the nature of the problem to [email protected] in advance of the deadline in order that

the Turnitin Advisers can notify the Course Co-ordinator that it may be appropriate to waive

the late submission penalty.

If there is any other unexpected crisis on the submission day, students should telephone or

(preferably) e-mail the Course Co-ordinator, and follow this up with a completed ERF.

7.3.5 UCL-wide penalties for late submission of coursework

Where coursework is not submitted by a published deadline, the following penalties will

apply:

i) A penalty of 5 percentage marks should be applied to coursework submitted the

calendar day after the deadline (calendar day 1).

ii) A penalty of 15 percentage marks should be applied to coursework submitted on

calendar day 2 after the deadline through to calendar day 7.

iii) A mark of zero should be recorded for coursework submitted on calendar day 8 after

the deadline through to the end of the second week of third term. Nevertheless, the

assessment will be considered to be complete provided the coursework contains

material than can be assessed.

iv) Coursework submitted after the end of the second week of third term will not be

marked and the assessment will be incomplete.

v) Where there are extenuating circumstances that have been recognised by the Board of

Examiners or its representative, these penalties will not apply until the agreed

extension period has been exceeded.

vi) In the case of coursework that is submitted late and is also over length, only the

lateness penalty will apply. Students should note that these regulations will in most

cases result in failing this element and thus potentially failing the whole degree if a

single item of assessed work is submitted more than 7 days late.

If extensions are needed, please negotiate these in advance with the Course Co-ordinator. If

possible, use the standard Extension Request Form, but students may also need to request

extensions by email or, in extremis, by telephone.

http://www.ucl.ac.uk/archaeology/administration/students/handbook/turnitin

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]


7.3.6 Grading

The grading system for coursework is set out in the MA/MSc Handbook. The mark given by

the initial examiner (prior to return) is a provisional assessment for the student's guidance, and

may be modified after assessment by the second internal examiner or by the External

Examiner.

7.3.7 Keeping copies

Please note that it is an Institute requirement that you retain a copy (this can be electronic) of

all coursework submitted. When your marked essay is returned to you, you should return it to

the marker within two weeks.

7.3.8 Timescale for return of marked coursework to students

You can expect to receive your marked work within four calendar weeks of the official

submission deadline. If you do not receive your work within this period, or a written

explanation from the marker, you should notify the IoA’s Academic Administrator, Judy

Medrington.

7.3.9 Re-submission of coursework

Students are not normally permitted to re-write and re-submit essays in order to try to

improve their marks. However, in exceptional circumstances and with the approval of their

Course Co-ordinator, they may if they wish, submit an additional piece of coursework (on a

new topic) to substitute for the first piece of written coursework submitted for their course.

7.3.10 Return of coursework

All marked coursework must be returned to the Course Co-ordinator within two weeks of its

return to students, so that it can be second-marked, and is available to the Board of

Examiners. Because assessed work forms part of the student's permanent academic record, it

needs to be retained until well after the completion of the degree. If work is not returned to

the Course Co-ordinator, the student will be deemed not to have completed the course.

Students are strongly advised always to keep a copy of all work, and to make a copy for

retention of all work after it has been assessed and commented upon by the first examiner, if

they wish to make future reference to the comments on the work.

8 GENERAL INFORMATION & RESOURCES

8.1 Basic introductory texts

Agnew, N. and Bridgland, J. (eds) 2006. Of the Past, for the Future: Integrating Archaeology

and Conservation. Proceedings of the Conservation Theme at the 5th World Archaeological

Congress, Washington, D.C., 22-26 June 2003. Los Angles: Getty Conservation Institute

LA AGN

Aplin, G. 2002. Heritage: identification, conservation, and management. South Melbourne:

Oxford University Press AG APL (3 copies)

De la Torre, M. (ed) 2002. Assessing the Values of Cultural Heritage. Los Angeles: The Getty

Conservation Institute. Download as pdf from

http://www.getty.edu/conservation/resources/reports.html AG DEL

http://www.getty.edu/conservation/resources/reports.html


Fairclough, G, Jameson, J H, Schofield, J, and Harrison, R (eds) 2007. The Heritage Reader.

London: Routledge AG FAI

Leask, A. and Fyall, A. (eds) 2006. Managing World Heritage Sites. Oxford: Butterworth-

Heinemann AG LEA

Lowenthal, D. 1985. The Past is a Foreign Country. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

AG LOW

McManamon, F. P., Stout, A., and Barnes, J. A. (eds.) 2008. Managing Archaeological

Resources: Global Context, National Programs, Local Actions. Walnut Creek, CA: Left

Coast Press. AG MCM

Matero, F. et al. 1998. Archaeological site conservation and management. An appraisal of

recent trends. Conservation and management of archaeological sites, 2, 129-142.

Teaching Collection 2458

Skeates, R. 2000. Debating the Archaeological Heritage, Debates in Archaeology series,

London: Duckworth. AG SKE

Smith, L. 2004. Archaeological theory and the politics of cultural heritage. London:

Routledge. AG SMI

Sørensen, M. L. S. & Carman, J. (eds) 2009. Heritage studies: methods and approaches.

London: Routledge AG SOR

Teutonico, J. M. and Palumbo, G. (eds) 2002. Management planning for archaeological sites:

an international workshop organized by the Getty Conservation. Los Angeles: Getty

Conservation Institute. AG Qto TEU

The Burra charter

http://australia.icomos.org/publications/charters/

MAS/Charters/Australia_ICOMOS_Burra_Charter_1999.pdf

This sets out approaches to site management that are gaining acceptance amongst

professionals worldwide. This charter has recently been revised: see Truscott, M & Young, C

(2000) Revising the Burra Charter: Australia ICOMOS updates its guidelines for conservation

practice, in Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites, 4(2).

The key journal is:

Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites

See also:

Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development

The Historic Environment: policy & practice

Demas, M. 2003. Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites: Project

Bibliographies. Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute MAS/Getty/ CMAS_bib.pdf

Useful websites:

http://australia.icomos.org/publications/charters/


• The Getty Conservation Institute http://www.getty.edu/conservation/

including their downloadable publications at:

http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications/pdf_publications/

• ICOMOS http://www.icomos.org

• ICCROM http://www.iccrom.org

• UNESCO http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/

• UNESCO World Heritage Centre http://whc.unesco.org/

8.2 USB flash drive

A number of articles and books are also available on the USB flash drive provided with this

handbook.

These are indicated with the reference in orange, showing where on the USB you will find the

file and the file name (eg MAS/Getty/ assessing the value of cultural heritage.pdf). A contents

file on the USB flash drive lists some, but certainly not all, of the files on the drive. Some

directories contain many more files. Browse the USB to explore its content.

See Appendix 1 of this handbook for further details.

8.3 Online resources

8.3.1 Moodle

Access via http://moodle.ucl.ac.uk/

The Moodle MAS pages are currently under development – more information as the course

progresses.

8.3.2 UCL Heritage Studies Research Group Blog

This is the blog of the Heritage Studies Research Group at the Institute of Archaeology,

University College London.

Available at: http://ucl-heritage.blogspot.com/

8.3.3 UCL Centre for Sustainable Heritage

Centres runs a series of public lectures (all are welcome). See the guest lecture programme at:

www.ucl.ac.uk/sustainableheritage

8.3.4 UCL Centre for Museums, Heritage & Material Culture Studies

Website at: http://www.mhm.ucl.ac.uk/index.php

Also the materialworld blog at: http://www.materialworldblog.com/

9 DETAILED SYLLABUS

The following is an outline for the course as a whole, and identifies essential and

supplementary readings relevant to each session. Information is provided as to where in the

UCL library system individual readings are available (Institute of Archaeology library unless

otherwise stated); their location and Teaching Collection (TC) number, and status (whether

out on loan) can also be accessed on the eUCLid computer catalogue system. Readings

marked with an * are considered essential to keep up with the topics covered in the course.

http://www.getty.edu/conservation/

http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications/pdf_publications/

http://www.icomos.org/

http://www.iccrom.org/

http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/

http://whc.unesco.org/

http://moodle.ucl.ac.uk/

http://ucl-heritage.blogspot.com/

http://www.ucl.ac.uk/sustainableheritage

http://www.mhm.ucl.ac.uk/index.php

http://www.materialworldblog.com/


Copies of individual articles and chapters identified as essential reading are in the Teaching

Collection in the Institute Library (where permitted by copyright).

Supplementary reading is intended as wider guidance on the topic, if you become interested in

it, use it for essays or dissertations, or after you leave the Institute. You are not expected to

read all of this, but personal initiative is expected to supplement the essential reading. Where

seminar topics follow on from the preceding week’s lecture additional reading suggestions do

not appear. Where they explore a different issue, additional suggested reading may be listed.

9.1 AUTUMN TERM

Session 1 (lecture): Introduction. Why manage? What are we managing? (Tim

Williams)

The session will explore a broad introduction to practical and philosophical issues of research,

conservation, the expectations of interest groups and communities, the economic pressure to

develop sites for tourist purposes, and the necessity for predicting and managing change at

archaeological sites.

Introductory reading

This section contains core readings for the whole course. Those marked with an * indicate the

best places to start.

Agnew, N. and Bridgland, J. (eds) 2006. Of the Past, for the Future: Integrating Archaeology



LA AGN

*Aplin, G. 2002. Heritage: identification, conservation, and management. South Melbourne:


Graham, B. and Howard, P. (eds.) 2008. The Ashgate Research Companion to Heritage and

Identity. Aldershot: Ashgate. AG GRA

Hodder, I. and Doughty, L. 2007. Mediterranean prehistoric heritage: training, education

and management. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research

DAG 100 HOD

*Fairclough, G, Jameson, J H, Schofield, J, and Harrison, R (eds) 2007. The Heritage Reader.

London: Routledge AG FAI

Layton, R., Shennan, S., and Stone, P. (eds) 2006. A Future for Archaeology. London: UCL

Press AG LAY

*Leask, A. and Fyall, A. (eds) 2006. Managing World Heritage Sites. Oxford: Butterworth-

Heinemann AG LEA

Lowenthal, D. 1985. The Past is a Foreign Country. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

AG LOW

McManamon, F.P. and Hatton, A. (eds) 2000. Cultural resource management in

contemporary society: perspectives on managing and presenting the past. One World

Archaeology 33. London: Routledge AG MCM




Coast Press. AG MCM

Matero, F. et al. 1998. Archaeological site conservation and management. An appraisal of

recent trends. Conservation and management of archaeological sites, 2, 129-142.


Miksic, J N, Goh, G Y, and O'Connor, S (eds) 2011. Rethinking cultural resource

management in Southeast Asia: preservation, development, and neglect. London & New

York: Anthem Press AG MIK

*Skeates, R. 2000. Debating the Archaeological Heritage, Debates in Archaeology series,

London: Duckworth AG SKE

Smith, L. 1994. Heritage management as postprocessual archaeology? Antiquity, 68, 300-309.

PERS

Smith, L. 2004. Archaeological theory and the politics of cultural heritage. London:

Routledge AG SMI

Smith, L. 2006. The uses of heritage. London: Routledge ANTHROPOLOGY C 9 SMI

*Sørensen, M. L. S. and Carman, J. (eds.) 2009. Heritage studies: methods and approaches.

London: Routledge. AG SOR

Stubbs, J. 2009. Time Honored - A Global View on Architectural Conservation. Hoboken,

N.J.: John Wiley & Sons. L STU

*Teutonico, J. M. and Palumbo, G. (eds) 2002. Management planning for archaeological

sites: an international workshop organized by the Getty Conservation. Los Angeles: Getty


Key journal:

Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites

Browse the following journals:

Antiquity (especially the editorials)

International Journal of Heritage Studies

Journal of Cultural Heritage

For the UK:

British Archaeology (Council for British Archaeology)

Rescue News

The Field Archaeologist (Institute of Field Archaeologists)

Look at the following websites:

The Council for British Archaeology http://www.britarch.ac.uk/

The Getty Conservation Institute http://www.getty.edu/conservation/

ICOMOS http://www.icomos.org

ICCROM http://www.iccrom.org

UNESCO http://www.unesco.org/

And the UNESCO World Heritage Centre http://www.unesco.org/whc/

http://www.britarch.ac.uk/

http://www.getty.edu/conservation/


http://www.iccrom.org/

http://www.unesco.org/

http://www.unesco.org/whc/


Further reading:

Agnew, N. and Demas, M. (eds) 2002. Principles for the Conservation of Heritage Sites in

China. ICOMOS China: The Getty Conservation Institute AG AGN 3 copies)

MAS/Getty/china_principles.pdf

www.getty.edu/conservation/resources/china_prin.pdf

Araoz, G. F. 2011. Preserving heritage places under a new paradigm, Journal of Cultural

Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 1(1): 55-60 Online

Avrami, E., Mason, R. and De la Torre, M. (eds) 2000. Values and Heritage Conservation.

Research Report. Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute MB 2 AVR

MAS/Getty/values and heritage conservation.pdf


Bandarin, F., Hosagrahar, J., & Frances, S. A. 2011. Why development needs culture, Journal

of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 1(1): 15-25 Online

Boswell, D. & Evans, J. (eds) 1999. Representing the nation: a reader: histories, heritage

and museums. London & New York: Routledge AG BOS

Buttimer, N., Rynne, C. and Guerin, H. (eds) 2000. The heritage of Ireland. Cork: Collins

Press MA 41.7 BUT

Brisbane, M.A. and Wood, J. 1996. A Future for Our Past?: An Introduction to Heritage

Studies, London: English Heritage AG Qto BRI

Carman, J. 1996. Valuing ancient things: archaeology and the law. Leicester: Leicester

University Press (esp. 1.1 and 3.8) AG20CAR

Carman, J. 2002. Archaeology and heritage: an introduction. London: Continuum

AG CAR

Carman, J. 2005. Against cultural property: archaeology, heritage and ownership. London:

Duckworth AG CAR

Carver, M. 1996. On archaeological value. Antiquity 70, 45-56. PERS

Choay, F. 2001. The invention of the historic monument. Cambridge University Press

Barlett: Architecture B 20 CHO

Cleere, H. (ed.) 1984. Approaches to the Archaeological Heritage. Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press AG 20 Qto CLE

Cleere, H. (ed.) 1989. Archaeological Heritage Management in the Modern World. London:

Unwin Hyman, One World Archaeology 9 AG 20 CLE

Cooper, M.A., Firth, A., Carman, J. and Wheatley, D. (eds) 1995. Managing archaeology.

London: Routledge AG COO

Darvill, T.C., Parker Pearson, M., Smith, R. and Thomas, R. (eds) 1978. New Approaches to

Our Past. Southampton: Southampton University Archaeology Society AH Qto DAR

De la Torre, M. (ed.) 1997. The conservation of archaeological sites in the Mediterranean

region. Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute AG Qto DEL

http://www.getty.edu/conservation/resources/china_prin.pdf



De la Torre, M. (ed.) 2002. Assessing the Values of Cultural Heritage. Los Angeles: The

Getty Conservation Institute. MAS/Getty/assessing the value of cultural heritage.pdf

Download from http://www.getty.edu/conservation/resources/reports.html

English Heritage. 2000. Power of Place: the Future of the Historic Environment, London:

English Heritage ARCHITECTURE B 20 POW

Fowler, P.J. 1992. The Past in Contemporary Society: Then, Now. London: Routledge

AG FOW

Frankel, D. 1993. The excavator: creator or destroyer? Antiquity 67, 875-7. PERS

Howard, P. 2003. Heritage: Management, Interpretation, Identity. London: Continuum

GEOGRAPHY H 10 HOW

Lambrick, G. 1985. Archaeology and Nature Conservation, Oxford: Oxford University

DAA 100 Qto LAM

Lennon, J., Egloff, B., Davey, A. & Taylor, K. 1999. Conserving the cultural values of

natural areas: a discussion paper. Australian ICOMOS

MAS/Australian ICOMOS/Conserving the Cultural Values of Natural Areas.pdf

Lipe, W. D. 1984. Value and meaning in cultural resources. In Cleere, H. F. ed). Approaches

to the archaeological heritage. New Directions in Archaeology. Cambridge University Press,

1-11. AG20 Qto CLE

Lowenthal, D. and Binney, M. (eds) 1981. Our Past Before Us: Why Do We Save It? London:

Temple Smith LC LOW

Lowenthal, D. 1998. The Heritage Crusade and the Spoils of History. Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press AG LOW

Lynott, M.J. and Wylie, A. (eds) 1995. Ethics in American archaeology: challenges for the

1990s. Special Report. Washington, D.C.: Society for American Archaeology

AG20 LYN

Macinnes, L. and Wickham-Jones, C. (eds) 1992. All Natural Things: Archaeology and the

Green Debate. Oxford: Oxbow Monograph 21 AG MAC

McBryde, I. (ed.) 1985. Who owns the past? Melbourne: Oxford University Press

MB1 MAC

Morales Juarez, R. 1996. In Central America: archaeological heritage and sustainable

development planning. In Archaeological Remains. In situ preservation. ICOMOS

International Committee on Archaeological Heritage Management, Ottawa, 235-241.

L ICO

Morris, R. 2002. Reshaping the Landscape/Rethinking the Land. RSA Lecture.

MAS/English Heritage/morris_31jan02.pdf

Neumann, T. W. and Sanford, R.M. 2001. Cultural resources archaeology: an introduction.

Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press DED 100 NEU

Newcombe, R.M. 1979. Planning the past: historical landscape resources and recreation.

Studies in Historical Geography. London: William Dawson MG2 NEW



O’Keefe, P. J. 1997. Trade in antiquities. Reducing destruction and theft. London: UNESCO

Publishing/Archetype Publications AG20 OKE

Riegl, A. 1996. The modern cult of monuments; its essence and development. In Stanley

Price, N.P., Talley, Jr. M.K. and A. Melucco Vaccaro, A. eds). Historical and philosophical

issues in the conservation of cultural heritage: readings in conservation. Los Angeles: The

Getty Conservation Institute, 69-83. KN STA

Scarre, C. and Scarre, G. (eds) 2006. The ethics of archaeology: philosophical perspectives

on archaeological practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press AG SCA

Schmidt, P.R. and McIntosh, R.J. (eds) 1996. Plundering Africa’s Past. London: Indiana

University Press, Bloomington and James Currey DC100 SCH

Tubb, K.W. (ed.) 1995. Antiquities, trade or betrayed. Legal, ethical and conservation issues.

London: Archetype/UKIC Archaeology Section AG20 TUB

UNESCO 2003. Identification and documentation of modern heritage. UNESCO: Paris

MAS/UNESCO/Misc/Identification and documentation of modern heritage.pdf

Van Balen, K. 2008. The Nara Grid: An Evaluation Scheme Based on the Nara Document on

Authenticity, APT Bulletin 39(2/3): 39-45 Online

Vitelli, K.D. (ed.) 1996. Archaeological ethics. Readings from Archaeology magazine.

Walnut Creek and New Delhi: Altamira Press, and London: Sage Publications

AG VIT

Session 2 (lecture): Authenticity, values and interest groups (Tim Williams)

What is authentic? What defines authenticity? What are values? How can they influence the

way a site is interpreted and managed? And who are the stakeholders? How can a site be

assessed for its significance? Who establishes significance? What should be conserved:

authenticity or significance?

Key reading (authenticity):

ICOMOS US 1996. Inter-American Symposium on Authenticity in the Conservation and

Management of the Cultural Heritage, San Antonio, Texas - March 1996

http://www.icomos.org/usicomos/Symposium/SYM96_Authenticity/1996_Symposium.htm

ICOMOS 1996. Declaration of San Antonio on Authenticity.

http://www.icomos.org/docs/san_antonio.html

Jokilehto, J. 1985. Authenticity in restoration principles and practices. Bulletin of the

Association for Preservation Technology 17, 5-11 Teaching Collection 1694

Lowenthal, D. 1991. Authenticity? The dogma of self-delusion. In Jones, M. (ed.) Why fakes

matter. Essays on problems of authenticity. London, 184-192 Teaching Collection 910

Mortensen, L. 2006. Experiencing Copán: the authenticity of stone. In Silverman, H. and

Shackel, E. (eds) Archaeological site museums in Latin America. University Press of Florida,

47-63

http://www.icomos.org/usicomos/Symposium/SYM96_Authenticity/1996_Symposium.htm

http://www.icomos.org/docs/san_antonio.html


Pye, E. 2006. Authenticity challenged? The ‘plastic house’ at Çatalhöyük. Public

Archaeology 5, 237-251. PERS

Ucko, P J 2000. Enlivening a ‘dead’ past, Conservation and Management of Archaeological

Sites 4, 67-92 Teaching Collection 2507

Useful sources:

UNESCO-ICOMOS Documentation Centre 2010. Authenticity: a bibliography. Paris:

ICOMOS - International Council on Monuments and sites

MAS/ICOMOS/ Biblio_authenticity_2010.pdf

Further reading (authenticity):

Andrews, T. D. & Buggey, S. 2008. Authenticity in Aboriginal Cultural Landscapes, APT

Bulletin 39(2/3): 63-71 Online

Araoz, G. F. 2008. World-Heritage Historic Urban Landscapes: Defining and Protecting


Cleere, H. 1995. The Evaluation of Authenticity in the Context of the World Heritage

Convention, Proceedings of the Nara Conference on Authenticity, 57-66 AG LAR

Holtorf, C. & Schadla-Hall, T. 1999. Age as Artefact: on archaeological authenticity,

European Journal of Archaeology 2(2), 229-247 PERS

ICOMOS. Authenticity in the conservation and management of the cultural heritage in the

Americas.

Jokilehto, J. 1995. Authenticity: a general framework for the concept, Proceeding of the Nara

Conference on Authenticity, 17-34. AG LAR

Larsen, K.E. (ed.) 1995. Proceedings off the Nara Conference on Authenticity. Japan 1994.

UNESCO, ICCROM, ICOMOS. Trondheim: Tapir Publishers AG LAR

McBryde, I. 1997. Ambiguities of authenticity: rock of faith or shifting sands? Conservation

and management of archaeological sites 2(2), 93-100. PERS

Price, C. 2000. Following Fashion: the ethics of archaeological conservation. In

McManamon, F and Hatton, A. (eds) Cultural Resource Management in Contemporary

Society: perspectives on managing and presenting the past. London: Routledge, 213-230

AG MCM

Saouma-Forero, G. (ed.) 2001. Authenticity and integrity in an African context. Expert

meeting - Great Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe, 26-29 May 2000. UNESCO

MAS/Authenticity and Integrity in an African Context.pdf

Schoorl, F F J 2005. On Authenticity and Artificiality in Heritage Policies in the Netherlands,

Museum International 57(3), 79-85

Stone, P. and Planel, P.G. (eds) 1999. The constructed past. Experimental archaeology,

education and the public. One World Archaeology. London: Routledge AH STO

Key reading (values):

Australian ICOMOS 1998. The Burra Charter. Revised. www.icomos.org/



Avrami, E., Mason, R. and De la Torre, M. (eds) Values and Heritage Conservation.

Research Report. Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute MB 2 AVR

MAS/Getty/values and heritage conservation.pdf


Byrne, D. 1991. Western hegemony in archaeological heritage management. History and

anthropology 5, 269-276. Teaching Collection 2457

De la Torre, M. (ed.) 2002. Assessing the Values of Cultural Heritage. Los Angeles: The

Getty Conservation Institute. MAS/Getty/assessing the value of cultural heritage.pdf


especially Mason, R. 2002. Assessing values in conservation planning:

methodological issues and choices, 5-30.

Demas, M. 2002. Planning for conservation and management of archaeological sites: a

values-based approach. In Teutonico, J M and Palumbo, G. (eds) Management planning for

archaeological sites: an international workshop organized by the Getty Conservation. Los

Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute, 27-56 AG Qto TEU

Drury, P. & McPherson, A. 2008. Conservation principles: policies and guidance for the

sustainable management of the historic environment. London: English Heritage

ARCHITECTURE B 20 DRU & http://www.english-

heritage.org.uk/professional/advice/conservation-principles/ConservationPrinciples/

Hall, C. M. and McArthur, S. 1996. The Human dimension of heritage management: different

values, different interests, different issues. In Hall, C.M. & McArthur, S (eds) Heritage

Management in Australia and New Zealand. Oxford University Press, 2-21

DD HAL

Mason, R. and Avarami, E. 2002. Heritage values and challenges of conservation planning. In

Teutonico, J M and Palumbo, G. (eds) Management planning for archaeological sites: an

international workshop organized by the Getty Conservation. Los Angeles: Getty

Conservation Institute, 13-26 AG Qto TEU

Mason, R. 2008. Be Interested and Beware: Joining Economic Valuation and Heritage

Conservation, International Journal of Heritage Studies 14(4): 303-318

MAS/Site Management Themes/Values and Significance/Mason_Be aware.pdf

Pearson, M. and Sullivan, S. 1995. Assessing the Value of Heritage Places, in Looking After

Heritage Places. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 126-186.


Schofield, J. and Szymanski, R. (eds) 2011. Local Heritage, Global Context: Cultural

Perspectives on Sense of Place. Ashgate AG SCH

National Trust guidelines of preparing statements of significance:

National Trust 2002 The creation of a statement of significance

http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/environment/html/features/papers/creation01.htm

National Trust 2003 Guidelines on the preparation of a statement of significance



http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/professional/advice/conservation-principles/ConservationPrinciples/

http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/professional/advice/conservation-principles/ConservationPrinciples/

http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/environment/html/features/papers/creation01.htm


http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/environment/html/peo_com/papers/signif01.htm

National Trust 2003 Understanding places

http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/environment/html/land_use/papers/places01.htm

For examples – see the Management Plans on the USB flash drive.

Further reading (values):



Bickford, A. 1981. The patina of nostalgia. Australian Archaeology 13, 1-7

PERS

Briver, F. and Mathers, C. (eds) 1996. Trends and Patterns in Cultural Resources

Significance: an Historical Perspective and Annotated Bibliography. Alexandria, VA: U.S.

Army Corps of Engineers

DED100 ENV

Darvill, T., Saunders, A., and Startin, W. 1987. A question of national importance:

approaches to the evaluation of ancient monuments for the Monuments Protection

Programme. Antiquity 61, 393-408 PERS

Darvill, T. 1995. Value systems in archaeology. In Cooper, M.A., Firth, A., Carman, J. and

Wheatley, D. (eds) Managing archaeology. London: Routledge, 40-50 AG COO

De la Torre, M., MacLean, M. Mason, R. & Myers, D. (eds) 2005. Heritage values in site

management: four case studies, Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute AG DEL

Dicks, B. 2000. Heritage, Place & Community, Cardiff: University of Wales Press AG DIC

Deeben, J., Groenewoudt, B.J., Hallewas, D.P. and Willems, W.J.H. 1999. Proposals for a

practical system of significance evaluation in archaeological heritage management. European

Journal of Archaeology 2(2), 177-199. PERS

Gable, E. and Handler, R. 1996. After authenticity at an American heritage site. American

Anthropologist 98(3), 568-578. Anthropology PERS

Gathercole, P and Lowenthal, D. (eds) 1990. The Politics of the Past. One World

Archaeology. London: Unwin Hyman AG GAT

Gibson, L. and Pendlebury, J. (eds.) 2009. Valuing Historic Environments. Farnham: Ashgate.

ARCHITECTURE B 20 VAL

Graham, B. and Howard, P. (eds.) 2008. The Ashgate Research Companion to Heritage and

Identity. Aldershot: Ashgate. AG GRA

Groenewouldt, B.J., Bloemers, J.H.F. 1997. Dealing with significance: concepts, strategies

and priorities for Archaeological Heritage Management in the Netherlands. In Willems,

W.J.H., H. Kars, H. and Hallewas, D.P. (eds) Archaeological heritage management in the

Netherlands: fifty years State Service for Archaeological Investigations. Assen: Rijksdienst

voor het Oudheidkundig Bodemonderzoek, 119-172 DAHB WIL

http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/environment/html/peo_com/papers/signif01.htm

http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/environment/html/land_use/papers/places01.htm


Hardesty, D. L. and Little, B. J. 2000. Assessing site significance: a guide for archaeologists.

AltaMira DED 100 HAR

Klamer, A. and Zuidhof, P. 1999. The Values of Cultural Heritage: Merging Economic and

Cultural Appraisals. In Mason, R. (ed.) Economics and Heritage Conservation. A Meeting

Organized by the Getty Conservation Institute, December 1998. Los Angeles: The Getty

Conservation Institute, 23-61 Teaching Collection 2789

MB 2 GET

MAS/Getty/economics and heritage conservation.pdf

Langford, R. 1983. Our heritage - your playground. Australian Archaeology 16, 1-6

PERS

Larsen, K. E. 1988. Impressions of Japanese preservation efforts. ICOMOS Information 3, 7-

16 Teaching Collection 1859

Larsen, K.E. and Ito, N. 1990. Dialogue on the protection of architectural monuments in

Japan. ICOMOS Information 3, 12-21 Teaching Collection 1858

Larsen, K.E. (ed.) 1995. Proceedings of the Nara conference on authenticity. Nara, Japan, 1-

6 November, 1994. UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Agency for Cultural Affairs Japan,

ICCROM, ICOMOS. Tokyo: Agency for Cultural Affairs AG LAR

Layton, R. (ed.) 1989. Conflict in the archaeology of living traditions. One World

Archaeology 8. London: Unwin Hyman BD LAY

Layton, R. (ed.) 1989. Who needs the past? indigenous values and archaeology. One World

Archaeology 5. London: Unwin Hyman BD LAY

Mason, R. (ed.) 1999. Economics and Heritage Conservation. A Meeting Organized by the

Getty Conservation Institute, December 1998. Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute

MB 2 GET

MAS/Getty/economics and heritage conservation.pdf

Merriman, N. (ed.) 2004. Public Archaeology. London: Routledge AG MER

Pendlebury, J. 2008. Conservation in the Age of Consensus. London: Routledge. AG PEN

Reich, R. 1987. The archaeologist’s dilemma. In ICOMOS 8th General Assembly and

International Symposium “Old Cultures in New Worlds”. Washington, D.C: U.S. ICOMOS.

Vol. II, 1009-1014 Teaching Collection 1521

Schmitt, T. M. 2008. The UNESCO Concept of Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage: Its

Background and Marrakchi Roots, International Journal of Heritage Studies 14(2): 95-111.

Sullivan, S. and Bowdler, S. (eds) 1984. Site Surveys and Significance Assessment in

Australian Archaeology. Canberra: Bibliotech DDA SUL

Tahan, L G 2005. Redefining the Lebanese Past, Museum International 57(3), 86-94

Wang Gungwu 1985. Loving the Ancient in China. In McBryde, I. (ed.) Who owns the past?

Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 174-195 MB1 MAC

Wei, C. and Aass, A. 1989. Heritage conservation: east and west. ICOMOS Information 3, 3-8



Session 3 (practical): Exploring values (Tim Williams)

In this practical session you will be introduced to tools such as SWOT (Strengths,

Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) & PESTLE (Political, Economic, Sociological,

Technological, Legal, Environmental) analyses, and POET visualisations tools, and use these

to explore values and attitudes to archaeological sites. We will undertake a practical example

of a SWOT analysis, exploring the site of Pompeii (Italy).

Further details and examples will be distributed on Moodle in advance.

Key readings:

In advance of the session, please look at and makes notes from:

The World Heritage Site listing for Pompeii http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/829 and in

particular the documents and reports at http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/829/documents/

Read the Pompeii parts of the 35th session of the World Heritage Committee

http://whc.unesco.org/en/sessions/35COM (also available on the Moodle site).

Look at the Hadrian’s Wall example on Moodle.

Session 4 (lecture): Management planning: models and approaches (Tim

Williams)

Management plans have become an established element of site management in recent years,

are required by many funding agencies, and are now a prerequisite for attaining World

Heritage Site status. Are they an appropriate tool for all sites? What should they aim to

achieve? How can they be applied?

Models for the planning process will be examined, including: the identification of aims,

values, stakeholders; documentation and description of the site and its conditions; assessment

and analysis of values, management context, and physical condition; developing long,

medium and short term goals through the establishment of policies, objectives, strategies and

tasks; issues of implementation and the monitoring.

“Value-based planning is an approach capable of being manipulated, or for the faint

of heart, of being turned into formulas or rules. It needs honesty, integrity, and

dedicated practice, but the reward is a far more intellectually engaging process,

yielding a deeper, broader, and more intimate understanding of what gives a site

relevance and meaning to society” (Demas 2002, 49-50).

Example management plans:

See list examples on the USB flash drive.

Key reading (planning process):

Australian Heritage Commission 1999. Protecting Local Heritage Places - A guide for

communities. Available at: http://www.heritage.gov.au/protecting.html

Demas, M. 2002. Planning for Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites: a

values-based approach, in Teutonico, J. M. and Palumbo, G. (eds) 2002. Management

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/829

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/829/documents/

http://whc.unesco.org/en/sessions/35COM

http://www.heritage.gov.au/protecting.html


planning for archaeological sites: an international workshop organized by the Getty

Conservation. Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute, 27-56 AG Qto

TEU

Hall, C.M. & McArthur, S. 1996. Strategic Planning. In Hall, C.M. & McArthur, S (eds)

Heritage Management in Australia and New Zealand. Oxford University Press, 22-36


Kerr, J. 2013. The conservation plan: a guide to the preparation of conservation plans for

places of European cultural significance. Seventh edition. Australia ICOMOS

MAS/Organisations/Australia ICOMOS/The-Conservation-Plan-7th-Edition.pdf

Mason, R. & Avarami, E. 2002. Heritage values and challenges of conservation planning, in

Teutonico, J. M. & Palumbo, G. (eds.) Management planning for archaeological sites: an

international workshop organized by the Getty Conservation. Los Angeles: Getty

Conservation Institute, 13-26 AG Qto TEU

Ringbeck, B. 2008. Management Plans for World Heritage Sites: A practical guide. German

Commission for UNESCO

MAS/Organisations/UNESCO/ Management_Plan_for_World_Heritage_Sites.pdf

Sullivan, S. 1997. A planning model for the management of archaeological sites. In De la

Torre, M. (ed.) The conservation of archaeological sites in the Mediterranean region. An

international conference organised by the Getty Conservation Institute and the J. Paul Getty

Museum, 6-12 May 1995. Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute, 15-26


Further reading:

Burnett, J. and Morrison, I. 1994. Defining and recording the resource: documentation. In

Harrison, R. (ed.) Manual of Heritage Management. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 117-

126 MC HAR

Caple, C. 2000. Conservation skills: judgement, method and decision making. London:

Routledge L CAP

Castellanos, C. and Hoyle, A. 2000. Conservation management planning for earthen

architecture Chan Chan, Peru. In Terra 2000, 8th international conference on the study and

conservation of earthen architecture, Torquay, Devon, UK, May 2000. London: James and

James, 13-18 KP Qto INT

Clark, K. (ed.) 1999. Conservation Plans in Action. Proceedings of the Oxford Conference.

London: English Heritage Ag Qto CLA

Clark, K. 2001. Informed Conservation. Understanding historic buildings and their

landscapes for conservation. London: English Heritage L Qto CLA

De la Torre, M., MacLean, M. Mason, R. & Myers, D. (eds.) 2005. Heritage values in site

management: four case studies, Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute

AG DEL

Global Heritage Fund. 2005. Guidelines for Master Conservation Planning. GHF

Hall, C.M. and McArthur, S. 1998. Integrated Heritage Management. Principles and

Practice. London: The Stationery Office MC1 HAL


Harrison, R. (ed.) 1994. Manual of Heritage Management. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann

MC HAR

Herbert, D.T., Prentice, R.C., and Thomas, C.J. 1999. Heritage Sites: Strategies for

Marketing and Development. Aldershot: Ashgate AG HER

HLF. (n.d.) Conservation Management Plans. A guide

MAS/HLF/Conservation Management Plans - A Guide.pdf

Jones, R. 1985. Recommendations for archaeological site management in Kakadu National

Park. In Jones, R. (ed.) Archaeological Research in Kakadu National Park. Australian

National Parks and Wildlife Service. DDA JON

Leay, M.J., Rowe, J. and Young, J.D. 1986. Management Plans. A Guide to their Preparation

and Use. Cheltenham: Countryside Commission TOWN PLANNING R 93 LEA

Low, S. M. 2002. Anthropological-ethnographic methods of assessment of cultural values in

heritage conservation, in De la Torre, M (ed.) Assessing the values of cultural heritage Los

Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute

Lucas, P. H. C. 1992. Protected landscapes: a guide for policy makers and planners. IUCN,

The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland with the support of the Countryside

Commission, Cheltenham, United Kingdom and the East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii.

Chapman & Hall, London - New York AG20 LUC

National Park Service. 1985. Cultural Resources Management Guideline. NPS-28. Release

3). U.S. Department of the Interior

Pearson, M. and Sullivan, S. 1995. Looking after heritage places. The basics of heritage

planning for managers, landowners and administrators. Melbourne: Melbourne University

Press DDA PEA

Press, T. et al. (eds.) 1995. Kakadu: Natural and Cultural Heritage Management. Australian

Nature Conservation Agency, Darwin; North Australia Research Unit, Casuarina; Australian

National University DDA PRE

Rowan, Y. & Baram, U. (eds.) 2004. Marketing Heritage: Archaeology and the Consumption

of the Past. AltaMira Press AG ROW

Sullivan, S. 1993. Conservation policy delivery. In M. MacLean (ed.) Cultural Heritage in

Asia and the Pacific: Conservation and Policy. Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation

Institute, 15-26 AG MAC

Teutonico, J M and Palumbo, G. (eds.) 2002. Management planning for archaeological sites:



Willems, W.J.H., H. Kars, H. and Hallewas, D.P. (eds.) 1997. Archaeological Heritage

Management in the Netherlands: Fifty Years State Service for Archaeological Investigations.

Assen: Rijksdienst voor het Oudheidkundig Bodemonderzoek. DAHB WIL

Zilhâo, J. 1998. The rock art of the Côa Valley, Portugal. Significance, conservation and

management. Conservation and management of archaeological sites 2(4), 193-206



Further reading (management context):

Ambrose, T. and Runyard, S. (eds.) 1991. Forward Planning. A Handbook of Business,

Corporate and Development Planning for Museums and Galleries. London: Routledge

MC 1 AMB

Cossons, N. 1994. Designing and implementing corporate plans, in Harrison, R. (ed.) Manual

of Heritage Management. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 12-20 MC HAR

Middleton, V. 1994. Vision, strategy and corporate planning: an overview, in Harrison, R.

(ed.) Manual of Heritage Management. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 3-11 MC HAR

Middleton, P. 1994. Measuring performance and contingency planning, in Harrison, R. (ed.)

Manual of Heritage Management. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 34-42 MC HAR

Salaman, G. 1995. Managing. Buckingham: Open University Press MC1 SAL

Torrington, D. and Weightman, J. 1994. Effective Management. People and Organisations.

2nd

(ed.) Harlow: Prentice Hall MC 1 TOR

Further reading (Conservation Plans):

Dardes, K. (ed.) 1999. The conservation assessment: a proposed model for evaluating

museum environmental management needs. Getty Conservation Institute

MAS/Getty/assessmodeleng.pdf

Mont Orgueil Project Website. Includes Conservation Plan Volumes 1 and 2. and the

transcript of the expert panel debate and conclusions of the group discussions from the

seminar held in July 2002. At: http://www.montorgueil.org/index.html

Session 5 (practical): Review of selected Management Plans

The aim of this session is to explore some of the management plans that you can find on the

USB drive and to critique these in the seminar discussion.

Select ONE of the following Management plans to examine in advance of the session:

UK examples

Antonine wall

Avebury

The Castles and Town Walls of Edward I in Gwynedd

Tower of London

Neolithic Orkney

International examples

Penders: Mimosa Rocks National Park, Australia

Anacostia trail, USA

Çatalhöyük, Turkey

Red Fort, India

The Valley of the Kings, Egypt – full of tourism/conservation tensions

http://www.montorgueil.org/index.html


Examples with strong indigenous elements

El Pilar, Belize

Kakadu, Australia

Manua Kea, Hawaii

Issues you might consider when reading the chosen plan include:

1) Nature of opening statement (executive summary)

2) Introduction

a) Why is the plan being written

b) Purpose & objectives

c) Who for?

d) Who drafted it

3) The site background & description

4) Current condition

a) Current management

b) Current resources

c) Current uses

d) Physical assessment

5) Risks: What are they? From where?

6) Significance

a) Stakeholders

b) Values

7) Consultation process: how was this conducted / how were stakeholders identified, etc.

8) The plan

a) Aims – including vision

b) Delivery

c) Costs

d) Monitoring/revision

Session 6 (lecture): Participatory planning, sustainability and the ethics of

international assistance (Tim Williams)

Successful planning is based on participation of all interested parties. This session explores

the issues, tools and techniques for the active involvement of stakeholders and communities

in the planning process. Sustainable development – and core issues of identity, poverty and

education – are central issues in a discussion of the relevance of our work to contemporary

societies. What is our role, and those of international agencies, in these processes?

Key reading:

Allison, J. 1999. Self-determination in cultural resources management: indigenous peoples’

interpretation of history and of places and landscapes. In Ucko, P.J. and Layton, R. (eds) The

Archaeology and Anthropology of Landscape. Shaping your Landscape. London: Routledge


Khouri-Dagher, N. 2006. Heritage: Living places managed by local people, UNSECO Sources

115, 10-11


Lekakis, S. 2008. ‘Going Local in a Global World': Locating the Public and Evaluating the

Synchronic Context in Archaeological Resource Management, Conservation and

Management of Archaeological Sites, 10(4): 308-319

Little, B. J. and Shackel, P. A. (eds) 2007 Archaeology as a tool of civic engagement.

Lanham, Md.: AltaMira Press DED 100 LIT

Millar, S. 2006 Stakeholders and community participation. In Leask, A. and Fyall, A. (eds)

Managing World Heritage Sites. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann; 37-54 AG LEA

Ronayne, M. 2008. Commitment, Objectivity and Accountability to Communities: Priorities

for 21st-Century Archaeology, Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites, 10(4),

367-381

Waterton, E. and Watson, S. (eds) 2011. Heritage and Community Engagement:

Collaboration or Contestation? London: Routledge AG WAT

United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development 1987. Our Common

Future. New York: Oxford University Press. Most commonly referred to as the Brundtland

Report

United Nations 2003. Agenda 21. UN at:

http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/documents/agenda21/english/agenda21toc.htm

UNEP 2003. Tourism and Local Agenda 21. The Role of Local Authorities in Sustainable

Tourism. UNEP: Paris MAS/Cultural tourism/UNEP/la21_part1.pdf etc)

Further reading (see also sustainability issues under session 24):

Aboukorah, O 2005. Between a Secular Management System and International Standards of

Protection: the heritage of Cairo's old quarter, Museum International 57(1-2), 120-128

Akrawi, A. 2002. Petra, Jordan. In Teutonico, J M and Palumbo, G. (eds) Management

planning for archaeological sites: an international workshop organized by the Getty

Conservation. Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute, 98-112 AG Qto TEU

Anyon, R. 1991. Protecting the past, protecting the present: cultural resources and American

Indians. In Smith, G.S. and Ehrenhard, J.E. (eds) Protecting the Past. Baton Rouge, FL: CRC

Press, 215-222 AG SMI

Anyon, R., Ferguson, T.J. and Welch, J.R. 2000. Heritage management by American Indian

Tribes in the Southwestern United States. In McManamon, F.P. and Hatton, A. (eds) Cultural

Resources Management in Contemporary Society. Perspectives on Managing and Presenting

the Past. London: Routledge, 120-141 AG MCM

Ayad, C. 1999. Petra's new invaders, UNESCO Courier: 40-42

Bintliff, J. 2004. Local history and heritage management in Greece. The potential at the

village level, in Doukellis, P N & Mendoni, L G (eds) Protection and evaluation of cultural

landscapes, 137-152. Athens: Diffusion de Boccard AG DOU

Brand, L. A. 2001. Development in Wadi Rum? State bureaucracy, external funders, and civil

society, International Journal of Middle Easy Studies 33, 571-590

Castellanos, C & Descamps, F 2004. Joya de Ceren, El Salvador: site interpretation in

participatory management planning, Museum International 56(3), 94-101



Cernea, M. 2001. Economic benefits and poverty reduction through Cultural Heritage

preservation. In Cultural Heritage and Development: A Framework for Action in the Middle

East and North Africa. Washington: The World Bank, 41-55

Available at:

http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/mna/mena.nsf/Attachments/Orientations/$FILE/14938.pdf

Champion, M. 2000. Seahenge: a contemporary chronicle. Aylsham: Barnwell's Timescape

DAA 410 N.5 CHA

Creamer, H. 1990. Aboriginal perceptions of the past: the implications for Cultural Resource

Management in Australia. In Gathercole, P and Lowenthal, D. (eds) The Politics of the Past.

One World Archaeology. London: Unwin Hyman, 130-140


Frühsorge, L. 2007 Archaeological Heritage in Guatemala: Indigenous Perspectives on the

Ruins of Iximche', Archaeologies 3(1), 39-57

Greenberg, R. M. (ed.) 1997. Parks Canada: archaeology and aboriginal partners. CRM 20(4)

Available at http://crm.cr.nps.gov/issue.cfm?volume=20&number=04

Lertrit, S. 1997. Who owns the past? A perspective from Chiang Saen, Thailand.

Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites 2(2), 81-92 PERS

Little, B. (ed.) 2002. The public benefits of archaeology. Gainesville: Florida University Press

DED 100 LIT

Miura, K 2006. Conservation of a 'living heritage site'. A contradiction in terms? A case study

of Angkor Wat World Heritage Site, Conservation and management of archaeological sites 7,

3-18

Moser, S, Glazier, D, Phillips, J E, Nassar el Nemr, L, Saleh Mousa, M, Nasr Aiesh, R,

Richardson, S, Conner, A, Seymour, M 2002. Transforming archaeology through practice:

strategies for collaborative archaeology and the community archaeology project at Qusier,

Egypt. World Archaeology, 34, 220-248 PERS

Paolini, A 2005. Successes and Outcomes of the Nubia Campaign, Museum International

57(1-2), 55-60

Pessis, A-M. & Guidon, N. 2007. Serra da Capivara National Park, Brazil: cultural heritage

and society, World Archaeology 39(3), 406-416

Press, T. and Lawrence, D. nd. Kadadu National Park: reconciling competing interests


Pwiti, G. 1996. Let the ancestors rest in peace? New challenges for cultural heritage

management in Zimbabwe. Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites 1(3), 151-

160 PERS

Seeden, H. 1990. Search for the missing link: archaeology and the public in Lebanon. In

Gathercole, P and Lowenthal, D. (eds) The Politics of the Past. One World Archaeology.

London: Unwin Hyman, 141-159 AG GAT

Society for Historical Archaeology Code of Ethics: http://she.org


http://crm.cr.nps.gov/issue.cfm?volume=20&number=04

http://she.org/


Smith, L. & Waterton, E. 2009. Heritage, Communities and Archaeology. Duckworth

AG SMI

Start, D. 1999. Community Archaeology. Bringing it back to local communities. In Chitty, G.

& Baker, D. (eds) Managing Historic Sites and Buildings. Reconciling Presentation and

Preservation. London: Routledge, 49-60 Teaching Collection 2455 & AG CHI

Teutonico, J. M. and Palumbo, G. (eds) 2002. Management planning for archaeological sites:


Conservation Institute AG Qto TEU

Woynar, M. 2007. Reconsidering the Definition of Mexican Archaeological Heritage,

Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites, 9(1), 38-48

Session 7 (discussion): Ethics & standards in archaeological heritage

management

What role do ethical and professional standards play in archaeological heritage management?

Can we establish international best practice that will assist in developing the quality of

archaeological resource management? Would that encourage capacity building? Or would

such standards serve to reinforce the imposition of a western hegemony of practice onto the

rest of the world?

Students will be asked to research & prepare material based on their own country or an

international agency. Details will be circulated in advance.

Key reading:

King, T. F. 2002. Thinking about cultural resource management: essays from the edge.

Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press DED 100 KIN

Scarre, C. and Scarre, G. (eds.) 2006. The ethics of archaeology: philosophical perspectives

on archaeological practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press AG SCA

Skeates, R. 2000. Debating the Archaeological Heritage, Debates in Archaeology series,

London: Duckworth AG SKE

Vitelli, K. D. and Colwell-Chanthaphonh, C. (eds.) 2006. Archaeological ethics. (2nd ed)

Walnut Creek: Altamira Press AG VIT

Further reading:

Agnew, N. and Bridgland, J. (eds.) 2006. Of the Past, for the Future: Integrating Archaeology



Butler, B. 2006. Heritage and the Present Past, in Tilley, C. et al (eds.) Handbook of Material

Culture. London: Sage Publications, pp 463-479 AH TIL

Dorochoff, N. 2007. Negotiation basics for cultural resource managers. Walnut Creek, Calif.:

Left Coast Press AG DOR


Hamilakis, Y. and Duke, P. (eds.) 2007. Archaeology and Capitalism: From Ethics to

Politics. Walnut Creek, Calif.: Left Coast Press AG HAM

Mendoni, L. G. 2004. The protection and presentation of archaeological sites in connection

with sustainable development: the archaeological site of Karthaia, in Doukellis, P. N. &

Mendoni, L. G. (eds.) Protection and evaluation of cultural landscapes. Athens: Diffusion de

Boccard, pp 187-222 AG DOU

Silverman, H. and Fairchild Ruggles, D. (eds.) 2007. Cultural Heritage and Human Rights.

New York: Springer-Verlag AG SIL

Session 8 (lecture): Legislation and charters – the international context (Tim

Williams)

Numerous international charters are concerned with, or impact upon, archaeological site

management. The ICOMOS Australia Burra charter, in its original and in its updated

versions, has had a profound influence upon the practice and development of site

management worldwide. More recently, the Valetta convention is reshaping work in Europe.

The lecture examines the difference between charters and conventions, their evolution and

some of the most important features and impacts. It also examines the future of legislative

frameworks and guidance.

Key reading:



Indian National Trust for Arts and Cultural Heritage 2004. Charter for the Conservation of

Unprotected Architectural Heritage and Sites in India

MAS/Charters/ INTACH Charter.pdf

International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites The

Venice Charter. 2nd International Congress of Architects and Technicians of Historic

Monuments, Venice 25 to 31 May, 1964 MAS/Charters/Venice Charter.mht

Available at http://www.international.icomos.org/e_venice.htm

Reproduced in Jokilehto, J. 1998. The context of the Venice Charter 1964).

Conservation and management of archaeological sites 2(4), 229-233. PERS

Luxon, J-L 2004. Reflections on the use of Heritage Charters and Conventions, The GCI

Newsletter 19(2), 4-9

O'Keefe, P. J. and Prott, L. V. (eds) 2011. Cultural heritage conventions and other

instruments: a compendium with commentaries. Builth Well: Institute Of Art And Law

AG 20 OKE

Truscott, M. & Young, D. 2000. Revising the Burra charter. Conservation and Management

of Archaeological Sites 4(2), 101-116 Teaching Collection 2453

Many of the charters are on the MAS/see MAS/Charters/

http://www.international.icomos.org/e_venice.htm


Charters, recommendations, and international conventions are published online on the

following sites:

http://www.unesco.org/general/eng/legal/convent.shtml

http://www.international.icomos.org/e_charte.htm

http://www.getty.edu/conservation/resources/charters.html

Further Reading:

Bell, D. 1997. The Historic Scotland guide to international conservation charters. Technical

Advice Note 8: Historic Scotland AG20 Qto BEL

Cleere, H. F. (ed.) 1984. Approaches to the archaeological heritage. New Directions in

Archaeology. Cambridge University Press AG20 Qto CLE

Cleere, H. F. (ed.) 1990. Archaeological heritage in the modern world. One World

Archaeology 9. London: Unwin Hyman AG CLE

Cleere, H. 2006. The World Heritage Convention: management by and for whom?, in Layton,

R. et al (eds) A Future for Archaeology, 65-74. London: UCL Press AG LAY

Cookson, N. 2000. Archaeological Heritage Law. Chichester: Barry Rose Law

AG 20 COO

Council of Europe 1992. European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological

Heritage. Available at http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/EN/CadreListeTraites.htm

Department for Culture, Media and Sport, Architecture and Historic Environment Division

2003. Protecting our historic environment: Making the system work better. DCMS: London

MAS/DCMS/ReviewHPR.pdf

Elia, R.J. 1993. US cultural resource management and the ICAHM Charter. Antiquity 67, 426-

438 PERS

Feilden, B.M. and Jokilehto, J. (2nd ed.) 1998. Management Guidelines for World Cultural

Heritage Sites. Rome: ICCROM. AG FEI

Iamandi, C. 1997. Charters of Athens of 1931 and 1933: Coincidence, controversy and

convergence. Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites 2(1), 17-28

PERS

ICOMOS 1993. New Zealand Charter for the Conservation of Places of Cultural Heritage

Value. ICOMOS New Zealand Teaching Collection 1520

ICOMOS 1999. Charters and Other International Doctrinal Documents. US/ICOMOS

Scientific Journal I(1), 1-107 PERS

ICOMOS 1999. ICOMOS International Cultural Tourism Charter. ICOMOS

Available at http://www.icomos.org/tourism/charter.html

MAS/Cultural tourism/ICOMOS/tourism_charter.pdf

ICOMOS 1999. Charter for the protection and management of the archaeological heritage,

1989. US/ICOMOS Scientific Journal I(1), 62-65

Available at http://www.international.icomos.org/e_archae.htm

http://www.unesco.org/general/eng/legal/convent.shtml

http://www.international.icomos.org/e_charte.htm

http://www.getty.edu/conservation/resources/charters.html

http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/EN/CadreListeTraites.htm

http://www.icomos.org/tourism/charter.html

http://www.international.icomos.org/e_archae.htm


Jokilehto, J. 1999. A history of architectural conservation. London: Butterworth-Heinemann

KP JOK

Marquis-Kyle, P. and Walker, M. 1992. The Illustrated Burra Charter. Making good

decisions about the care of important places. Sydney: Australia ICOMOS AG Qto MAR

Ndoro, W., Mumma, A., and Abunga, G. (eds.) 2008. Cultural Heritage and the law:

Protecting Immovable Heritage in English-Speaking Countries of sub-Saharan Africa. Rome:

ICCROM. MAS

O’Keefe, P.J. and Prott, L.V. 1984. Law and the cultural heritage. Vol. 1. Discovery and

excavation. Abingdon: Professional Books AG20 PRO

O’Keefe, P.J. and Prott, L.V. 1989. Law and the cultural heritage. Vol. 3: the Movement of

Cultural Property. London and Edinburgh: Butterworths AG20 OKE

O’Keefe, P. J. 1997. Trade in antiquities. Reducing destruction and theft. London: UNESCO

Publishing/Archetype Publications AG20 OKE

O'Keefe, P. J. 2002 Shipwrecked heritage : a commentary on the UNESCO Convention on

Underwater Cultural Heritage. Leicester: Institute of Art and Law AG20 OKE

Pickard, R. (ed.) 2001. Policy and law in Heritage conservation. London: Spon

AG20 PIC

Prott, L.V. 1993. The impact of policy on cultural heritage protection. In M. MacLean (ed.)

Cultural Heritage in Asia and the Pacific: Conservation and Policy. Los Angeles: The Getty

Conservation Institute, 1-14 AG MAC

Rakotomamonjy, B. (ed.) 2009. Protection juridique du patrimoine culturel immobilier:

orientations pour les pays francophones de l'Afrique Subsaharienne. Rome: ICCROM.

MAS

Sullivan, S. 1993. Conservation Policy Delivery, in Mac Lean, M (ed.) Cultural Heritage in

Asia and the Pacific: Conservation and Policy. Proceedings of a seminar held in Honolulu,

Hawai, September 8-13, 1991. Los Angeles: J Paul Getty Trust, 15-26 AG MAC

UNESCO 1972. Convention concerning the protection of the world cultural and natural

heritage. Paris: UNESCO AG Qto UNI

UNESCO 1985. Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Natural and Cultural

Heritage. In Conventions and recommendations of UNESCO concerning the protection of the

cultural heritage. Paris: UNESCO, 79-94 AG20 UNE

UNESCO 2000. World Heritage mission statement. Paris: UNESCO World Heritage Centre

AG Qto UNE

Site Visit I: Stonehenge and Avebury

An introduction and background to the first site visit: the World Heritage Site of Stonehenge

and Avebury.

STONEHENGE

Management Plan


English Heritage 2009. Stonehenge World Heritage Site Management Plan. English Heritage

Available at: http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/nav.8675 or

MAS/Management Plans/stonehenge management plan.pdf

The older English Heritage 2000. Stonehenge World Heritage Site Management Plan. English

Heritage is available from the same website.

Also:

English Heritage 2002. Stonehenge World Heritage Site Archaeological Research

Framework. English Heritage MAS/Management Plans/Stonehenge/Stonehenge Research

Framework

The www.savestonehenge.org website gives a good outline of the campaigning issues and

includes a list of publications about the campaign, press reports and related articles.

Books & articles on site management aspects

Addyman, P. V. 1989. The Stonehenge we deserve. In Cleere, H. (ed.) Archaeological

Heritage Management in the Modern World. London: Unwin Hyman, 265-274

AG CLE

Bender, B. 1998. Stonehenge: making space. Oxford DAA 410 W.7 BEN

Chippindale, C., Devereux, P., Fowler, P., Jones, R. and Sebastian, T. 1990. Who Owns

Stonehenge?, London: Batsford CHI 8

Fielden, K 2002. Current Plans for Stonehenge: a farcical situation, Rescue News 86

Fielden, K 2005. Stonehenge: the road to nowhere Rescue News 97

Golding, F N 1989. Stonehenge past and future, in Cleere, H (ed.) Archaeological Heritage

Management in the Modern World. London: Unwin Hyman, 256-264 AG CLE

Mason, P and Kuo, I-L. 2006 Visitor management at Stonehenge, UK, in Leask, A. and Fyall,

A. (eds) Managing World Heritage Sites. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann; 181-194

AG LEA

Wainwright, G. 1996. Stonehenge saved? Antiquity 70, 9-12 PERS

Websites

The Stonehenge Project:

http://www.thestonehengeproject.org/

The English Heritage Stonehenge Project web pages at:

Planning Enquiry:

http://www.planning-inspectorate.gov.uk/stonehenge/

http://www.planning-inspectorate.gov.uk/stonehenge/transcript.htm

Archaeological site information:

Atkinson, R 1990. Stonehenge and Neighbouring Monuments, Souvenir Guide, English

Heritage

Richards, J 1991. Stonehenge, Batsford/English Heritage

http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/nav.8675

http://www.savestonehenge.org/

http://www.thestonehengeproject.org/

http://www.planning-inspectorate.gov.uk/stonehenge/

http://www.planning-inspectorate.gov.uk/stonehenge/transcript.htm


AVEBURY

See the reading material following session 9, plus:

Gillings, M. & Pollard, J. 2004. Avebury, London: Duckworth DAA 410 W.7 GIL

Session 9 (lecture & discussion): implementing the Avebury Management Plan

(Sarah Simmonds, Avebury World Heritage Site Officer)

The Avebury Plan was last updated in 2005 and it is now time to review and update the Plan

once again. The new Plan will need to reflect progress on objectives in the 2005 Plan,

emerging opportunities and challenges and changes in the management context. Evaluation of

progress is now complete. The next step in the process will involve extensive engagement

with WHS stakeholders including partner organisations and the local community whose

experience, expertise and knowledge will help shape the updated Management Plan. Formal

consultation on the draft Management Plan will take place in 2013.

Key reading:

Avebury Archaeological & Historical Research Group 2001. Archaeological Research

Agenda for the Avebury World Heritage Site.

MAS/Management plans/Avebury/Research agenda

Fielden, K 1996. Avebury saved? Antiquity 70(269), 503–507

Pomeroy-Kellinger, M. 2005. Avebury World Heritage Site Management Plan. English

Heritage

MAS/Management plans/Avebury/Avebury Management Plan.pdf

Simmonds, S. (ed) 2008. Avebury World Heritage Site residents' pack. Devizes: Kennet

District Council DAA 410 W. 7 SIM

See also the current Avebury World Heritage Site Management Plan review and update at:

http://www.wiltshire.gov.uk/artsheritageandlibraries/museumhistoryheritage/worldheritagesit

e/aveburyworldheritagesitemanagementplanupdate.htm

Session 10 (lecture): World Heritage Sites. Nomination, evaluation and periodic

reporting (Tim Williams)

The 1972 convention, its aims and changes over time, set the context for World Heritage Site

designation and management. The process of tentative lists, nomination dossiers, evaluation,

inscription, monitoring and periodic reviews will be examined. The representivity of the list

will also be discussed.

Key reading:

Francioni, F (ed) (2008) The 1972 World Heritage Convention: a commentary. Oxford:

Oxford University Press AG 20 FRA

http://www.wiltshire.gov.uk/artsheritageandlibraries/museumhistoryheritage/worldheritagesite/aveburyworldheritagesitemanagementplanupdate.htm

http://www.wiltshire.gov.uk/artsheritageandlibraries/museumhistoryheritage/worldheritagesite/aveburyworldheritagesitemanagementplanupdate.htm


ICOMOS. 2004. The World Heritage List: Filling the Gaps - an Action Plan for the Future.

ICOMOS: Paris.

MAS/ICOMOS/ World Heritage list action plan /various files

UNESCO. 1972. Convention concerning the protection of the world cultural and natural

heritage. Paris: UNESCO AG Qto UNI

UNESCO. 2011. Preparing World Heritage Nominations. (2nd

edition). Paris: UNESCO

MAS/UNESCO/World Heritage nominations.pdf

UNESCO. 2012. Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage

Convention. Paris: UNESCO

MAS/UNESCO/Operational Guidelines/opguide12-en.pdf

UNESCO – various papers on the Global Strategies for World Heritage Lists: several reports,

conferences and approaches at: MAS/Organisations/UNESCO/Global Strategy/ AND

MAS/Organisations/UNESCO/List World Heritage Sites

White, R. (ed) 2007. World Heritage: global challenges, local solutions. Proceedings of a

conference at Coalbrookdale, Oxford: Archaeopress. AG Qto WHI

Example nomination dossiers under: MAS/Organisations/UNESCO/Nominations

Further reading:

Akagawa, N. & Sirisrisak, T. 2008. Cultural Landscapes in Asia and the Pacific: Implications

of the World Heritage Convention, International Journal of Heritage Studies 14(2): 176-191



Baxter, I. 2011. Heritage Transformed. Oxford: Oxbow AG Qto BAX

Breen, C. 2007. Advocacy, international development and World Heritage Sites in sub-

Saharan Africa, World Archaeology 39(3): 355-370 PERS

Cameron, C. 2008. From Warsaw to Mostar: The World Heritage Committee and


Cameron, C. & Rössler, M. 2011. Voices of the pioneers: UNESCO's World Heritage

Convention 1972-2000, Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable

Development 1(1): 42-54 Online

Cameron, C. & Rössler, M. 2013. Many Voices, One Vision: The Early Years of the World

Heritage Convention. Farnham: Ashgate On order

Cleere, H. 2006. The World Heritage Convention: management by and for whom?, in Layton,

R. et al (eds) A Future for Archaeology, 65-74. London: UCL Press AG LAY

Fowler, P.J. 2003. World Heritage Cultural Landscapes 1992-2002. UNESCO: Paris

MAS/UNESCO/Misc/Fowler cultural landscapes.pdf

Francioni, F. & Lenzerini, F. 2008. The future of the World Heritage Convention: problems

and prospects, in Francioni, F. (ed) The 1972 World Heritage Convention: a commentary,

401-410. Oxford: Oxford University Press AG 20 FRA


Gillespie, J. 2009. Protecting World Heritage: Regulating Ownership and Land Use at Angkor

Archaeological Park, Cambodia, International Journal of Heritage Studies 15(4): 338-354

Hall, M. (ed) 2011. Towards world heritage: international origins of the preservation

movement 1870-1930. Farnham: Ashgate AG HAL

Labadi, S. (ed) 2007. World Heritage: challenges of the millennium. Paris: UNESCO World

Heritage Centre MAS/UNESCO/ WH_Challenges for the millennium.pdf

Leask, A. and Fyall, A. (eds) 2006. Managing World Heritage Sites. Oxford: Butterworth-

Heinemann AG LEA

Maniscalco, F. (ed) 2007. World Heritage and War. Naples: Massa

Martin, O. and Piatti, G. (eds) 2009. World Heritage and Buffer Zones. Paris: UNESCO

World Heritage Centre

Mitchell, N., Rössler, M., & Tricaud, P-M. 2009. World Heritage Cultural Landscapes: A

Handbook for Conservation and Management. Paris: UNESCO World Heritage Centre

Pomeroy-Kellinger, M. and Scott, I. (eds) 2007. Recent Developments in the Research and

Management at World Heritage Sites. Oxford: Oxford Archaeology Occasional Paper 14,

Oxford Archaeology AG Qto POM

Ringbeck, B. 2008. Management Plans for World Heritage Sites: A practical guide. German

Commission for UNESCO

MAS/Organisations/UNESCO/ Management_Plan_for_World_Heritage_Sites.pdf

Terrill, G. 2008 Climate Change: How Should the World Heritage Convention Respond?,

International Journal of Heritage Studies 14(5): 388-404

von Droste, B. 2011. The concept of outstanding universal value and its application, Journal

of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 1(1): 26-41 Online

See also:

ICOMOS http://www.icomos.org

UNESCO http://www.unesco.org/

And the UNESCO World Heritage Centre http://www.unesco.org/whc/

To see how UK policy has recently developed, see:

July 24th 2009, DCLG Circular on the protection of World Heritage Sites

http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/planningandbuilding/pdf/circularworldheritage.p

df

July 24th 2009, DCLG Protection of world heritage sites: Summary of consultation responses

http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/planningandbuilding/pdf/summaryworldheritage.

pdf

July 24th 2009 Consultation paper on a new Planning Policy Statement 15:

Planning for the Historic Environment

http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/planningandbuilding/pdf/consultationhistoricpps.

pdf


http://www.unesco.org/

http://www.unesco.org/whc/

http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/planningandbuilding/pdf/circularworldheritage.pdf

http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/planningandbuilding/pdf/circularworldheritage.pdf

http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/planningandbuilding/pdf/summaryworldheritage.pdf

http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/planningandbuilding/pdf/summaryworldheritage.pdf

http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/planningandbuilding/pdf/consultationhistoricpps.pdf

http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/planningandbuilding/pdf/consultationhistoricpps.pdf


Site visit II: Bankside, Globe & Rose Theatres, Winchester Palace, Spitalfields

Market & the George Inn

Details to be announced.

Session 11 (lecture): Case study: Implementing the World Heritage convention

(Christopher Young, English Heritage)

Christopher Young, Head of World Heritage and English Heritage, will discuss a wide range

of issues surrounding the development of World Heritage Sites management plans (for

example, his long-running work at Hadrian’s Wall - one of the few large management plans

that have been through a number of full-scale revisions, and subsequent to inscription been

integrated into the Roman Frontier trans-boundary World Heritage Site), and reactive

monitoring (for example, his recent work at Pompeii). He will also discuss the role of the

consultant in helping State Parties to develop nomination dossiers.

Key reading:

Hadrian’s Wall Country 2009. Frontiers of the Roman Empire World Heritage Site -

Hadrian’s Wall Management Plan 2008–2014. Hadrian's Wall Heritage Ltd

MAS/Management Plans/Hadrians Wall/2008-2014/ various files

Young, C. 2002. Hadrian’s Wall, United Kingdom. In Teutonico, J M and Palumbo, G. (eds)

Management planning for archaeological sites: an international workshop organized by the

Getty Conservation. Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute, 60-67 AG Qto TEU

Further reading:

Austen, P. and Young, C. 2002. Hadrian's Wall: World Heritage Site Management Plan

2002-2007. Hexham: English Heritage AG Qto ENG

MAS/Management Plans/Hadrians Wall/2002-2007/hadrian_mgmt_plan.pdf

English Heritage 1996. Hadrian's Wall: World Heritage Site Management Plan. English

Heritage DAA 410 R.4 ENG

Johnson, S. & Young, C. 1995. Managing Hadrian’s Wall. Conservation Bulletin, July 1995,

5-8 PERS

Turley, S. 1998. Hadrian’s Wall. In Shackley, M. (ed.) Visitor Management. Case Studies

from World Heritage Sites. Oxford: Butterworth, 100-120 AG SHA

Young, C. 1999. Hadrian’s Wall. In Chitty, G. and Baker, D. (eds) Managing Historic Sites

and Buildings. Reconciling Presentation and Preservation. London: Routledge, 35-48

AG CHI

Young, C. 2004. Hadrian's Wall and its Associated Museums, Museum International 56(3),

15-21 MAS/Regions/Europe/Hadrian’s Wall/ Hadrian's Wall and its Associated

Museums.pdf


Session 12 (discussion): The future of World Heritage sites? (Henry Cleere &

Kirsty Norman)

What is the value of World Heritage designation today? What is the value of being a World

Heritage Site? Should we continue to add more and more sites to the list? Does that devalue

the existing list? Has the process become too bureaucratic and/or too political?

A round table discussion including Prof Henry Cleere (previous Head of ICOMOS), Kirsty

Norman & Tim Williams.

Key reading:

(See also reading under session 10)

Ashworth, G.J. and van der Aa, B.J.M. 2006 Strategy and policy for the World Heritage

Convention: goals, practices and future solutions. In Leask, A. and Fyall, A. (eds) Managing

World Heritage Sites. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 147-158 AG LEA

Francioni, F & Lenzerini, F 2008 The future of the World Heritage Convention: problems and

prospects, in Francioni, F (ed) The 1972 World Heritage Convention: a commentary. Oxford:

Oxford University Press, 401-410. AG 20 FRA

Fyall, A. and Rakic, T. 2006 The future market for World Heritage Sites. In Leask, A. and

Fyall, A. (eds) Managing World Heritage Sites. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 159-176

AG LEA

Norman, K 2011 Should the UK be nominating more World Heritage Sites? Present Pasts

3(2), 72-79. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/pp.49

And the reply:

Gould, P G 2011 A Reply to "Should the UK Be Nominating More World Heritage

Sites?" Present Pasts 3(2), 85-86. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/pp.52

Further reading:

Beck, W. 2006. Narratives of World Heritage in travel guidebooks, International Journal of

Heritage Studies 12(6), 521- 535

Gillespie, J. 2009 Protecting World Heritage: Regulating Ownership and Land Use at Angkor

Archaeological Park, Cambodia, International Journal of Heritage Studies 15(4): 338-354.

Jokilehto, J. (with contributions from Henry Cleere, Susan Denyer and Michael Petzet) 2005

The World Heritage list: filling the gaps: an action plan for the future. Paris: ICOMOS

AG Qto JOK

Terrill, G. 2008. Climate Change: How Should the World Heritage Convention Respond?,

International Journal of Heritage Studies 14(5): 388-404.

Session 13 (lecture): Documentation: a platform for decision-making (Tim

Williams)

“Good decisions” in heritage management are based on timely, relevant and accurate

information about the conditions, materials and evolution of archaeological sites and

http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/pp.49

http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/pp.52


landscapes. Therefore, documenting, recording and analysis of heritage places is an essential

part of their conservation and management.

The session will explore: Concepts of documentation, information gathering, recording;

methodologies and tools for recording, documentation, inventories and information

management; integrating documentation in the site management process; topographic, GPS,

photogrammetric, and 3D laser scanning techniques, and archival research (historic,

archaeological, structural, condition); notions of ‘inventory’.

Key reading:

Cowley, D.C. (ed) 2011. Remote sensing for archaeological heritage management :

proceedings of the 11th EAC Heritage Management Symposium, Reykjavík, Iceland, 25-27

March 2010. Brussels: Europae Archaeologiae Consilium (EAC). AL 12 Qto COW

Eppich, R. & Chabbi, A. (eds) 2007. Recording, Documentation, and Information

Management for the Conservation of Heritage Places: Volume II: Illustrated Examples. Los

Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute MAS/Getty/Recording

Letellier, R., with Schmid, W. & LeBlanc, F. 2007. Recording, Documentation, and

Information Management for the Conservation of Heritage Places: Volume I: Guiding

Principles. Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute MAS/Getty/Recording

Vileikis, O., Cesaro, G., Mario, S. Q., Koenraad, v. B., Paolini, A., & Vafadari, A. 2012.

Documentation in World Heritage conservation, Journal of Cultural Heritage Management

and Sustainable Development 2(2): 130-152 Online

Further reading:

See articles on USB: Site Management Themes/Documentation and Inventory Techniques

and Methods

Box, P. 1999. GIS and cultural resource management: a manual for heritage managers,

Bangkok: UNESCO AH BOX

Campana, S. & Forte, M (eds) 2001. Remote Sensing in Archaeology: XI Ciclo di Lezioni

Sullla Ricerca Applicata in Archeologia Certosa di Pontignano Siena), 6-11 Dicembre 1999.

Campana, S. & Forte, M (eds) 2006. From space to place : 2nd international conference on

remote sensing in archaeology: Proceedings of the 2nd International workshop, CNR, Rome,

Italy, December 2-4, 2006. Oxford: Archaeopress AL Qto CAM

Conolly, J & Lake, M 2006. Geographical Information Systems in Archaeology. Cambridge

University Press

Doneus, M., Eder-Hinterleitner, A., and Neubauer, W. (eds) 2001. Archaeological

Prospection: Fourth International Conference on Archaeological Prospection. Vienna:

Austrian Academy of Sciences Press

Evans, K. and Fielding, L. 1998. Giza. The use of GIS in managing a World Heritage Site. In

Shackley, M. (ed.) Visitor Management. Case Studies from World Heritage Sites. Oxford:

Butterworth, 82-99 AG SHA


Evans, D & Traviglia, A 2012. Uncovering Angkor: Integrated Remote Sensing Applications

in the Archaeology of Early Cambodia, Remote Sensing and Digital Image Processing 16(3):

197-230

Gaffney, C. and Gater, J. 2003. Revealing the Buried Past: Geophysics for Archaeologists.

Tempus

Grøn, O. and Loska, A. 2002. Development of methods for satellite monitoring of cultural

heritage sites. Oslo: Riksantikvaren AL 12 Qto GRO

Grøn, O. et al 2004. Locating invisible cultural heritage sites in agricultural fields:

evaluation of methods for satellite monitoring of cultural heritage sites: results 2003. Oslo:

Riksantikvaren AL 12 Qto GRO

Howard, P. J. 2011. An introduction to landscape. Farnham: Ashgate

GEOGRAPHY H 10 HOW

Ingle, C. 2011. Aerial archaeology in Essex: the role of the National Mapping Programme in

interpreting the landscape. Chelmsford: Historic Environment, Essex County Council

DAA Qto Series EAA 136

Lasaponara, R. and Masini, N. (eds) 2012. Satellite remote sensing: a new tool for

archaeology. London: Springer AL 12 SAP

Parcak, S. 2007. Satellite remote sensing methods for monitoring archaeological tells in the

middle east, Journal of Field Archaeology 32(1): 65-81

Parcak, S. 2009. Satellite remote sensing for archaeology. London: Routledge AL 12 PAR

Pasquinucci, M and Trément, F (eds) 2000. Non-Destructive Techniques Applied to

Landscape Archaeology. The Archaeology of Mediterranean Landscapes 4. Oxford: Oxbow

Books

Wheatley, D. 1995. The impact of information technology on the practice of archaeological

management. In Cooper, M.A., Firth, A., Carman, J. and Wheatley, D. (eds) Managing

archaeology. London: Routledge, 163-174 Teaching Collection 2454

See also:

The ESRI website at http://www.conservationgis.org/ has the conference proceedings online.

Papers are published at http://www.conservationgis.org/aaresearch.html or search word for

terms such as cultural heritage, or heritage, or cultural resources.

National Park Service – see application of GIS in the National Park Service at:

http://www.nps.gov/gis/

Session 14 (lecture): Preventive conservation and maintenance: including

shelters on archaeological sites (Tim Williams)

Preventive conservation and maintenance are two approaches to conservation that greatly

facilitate the responsibilities of the manager, reducing the need for costly, labour-intensive

conservation and restoration project.

http://www.conservationgis.org/

http://www.conservationgis.org/aaresearch.html

http://www.nps.gov/gis/


Shelters have been used for some time to protect archaeological features, most commonly

mosaics. How do we plan for their use? What are the design considerations? How do we

balance aesthetics and visual impact with conservation and education?

[Reburial, another key element of preventive conservation, is addressed in Session 15.]

Key reading:

Agnew, N. & Bridgland, J. (eds.) Of the past for the Future: Integrating Archaeology and

Conservation. Proceedings of the conservation Theme at the 5th World Archaeological

Congress, Washington D.C., 22-26 June 2003. Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute

LA AGN


Routledge L CAP

Corfield, M. 1996. Preventive conservation for archaeological sites. In Roy, A. and Smith, P.

(eds) Archaeological conservation and its consequences. Preprints of the contributions to the

Copenhagen Congress, 26-30 August 1996. London: International Institute for Conservation,

38-42 LA Qto ROY

De la Torre, M. (ed.) 1997. The conservation of archaeological sites in the Mediterranean

region. An international conference organised by the Getty Conservation Institute and the J.

Paul Getty Museum, 6-12 May 1995. Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute

AG Qto DEL

Gregory, D. & Matthiesen, H. (eds.) 2012. Preserving Archaeological Remains in Situ:

Proceedings of the 4th International Conference, Conservation and management of

archaeological sites 14(1-4) PERS

Matero, F. 2006. Making archaeological sites: conservation as interpretation of an excavated

past, in Agnew, N. & Bridgland, J. (eds) Of the past for the Future: Integrating Archaeology

and Conservation. Proceedings of the conservation Theme at the 5th World Archaeological

Congress, Washington D.C., 22-26 June 2003. Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation

Institute, 55-63 LA AGN

Palumbo, G. 2001. Sheltering an archaeological structure in Petra: a case-study of criteria,

concepts and implementation, Conservation and management of archaeological sites 5, 35-44

PERS

Pye, E. 2006. Authenticity challenged? The ‘plastic house’ at Çatalhöyük. Public

Archaeology 5, 237-251. PERS

Stewart, J. and Tringham, S. 2008 Protective shelters over archaeological sites: a review of

assessment initiatives. In: Abed, A.B., Demas, M. and Roby, T. (eds.) Lessons learned:

reflecting on the theory and practice of mosaic conservation: proceedings of the 9th ICCM

Conference, Hammamet, Tunisia, November 29-December 3, 2005. Los Angeles: Getty

Conservation Institute, 204-214 KN 6 Qto ABE

Woolfit, C. 2007. Preventative conservation of ruins: reconstruction, reburial and enclosure.

In: Ashurst, J. (ed.) Conservation of ruins. London: Butterworth-Heinemann, 147-193

LA ASH


PARIS conferences:

Corfield, M., Hinton, P., Nixon, T., & Pollard, M. (eds.) 1998. Preserving archaeological

remains in situ: proceedings of the conference of 1st–3rd April, 1996. London: Museum of

London Archaeology Service LA Qto COR

Kars, H. & van Heeringen, R. M. (eds.) 2008. Preserving archaeological remains in situ:

proceedings of the 3rd conference, 7-9 December 2006, Amsterdam. Amsterdam: Institute for

Geo and Bioarchaeology LA Qto KAR

Nixon, T. (ed.) 2004. Preserving archaeological remains in situ?: proceedings of the 2nd

conference, 12-14th September 2001. London: Museum of London Archaeology Service

LA Qto NIX

Gregory, D. and Matthiesen, H. (eds.) 2012. The 4th International Conference on Preserving

Archaeological Remains In Situ (PARIS4): 23-26 May 2011, the National Museum of

Denmark, Copenhagen. Special issue of: Conservation and management of archaeological

sites, 14(1-4). PERS

CMAS special issue on shelters:

2001. Special issue on protective shelters. Conservation and management of archaeological

sites, 5 PERS

Especially:

Agnew, N. 2001 Methodology, conservation criteria and performance evaluation for

archaeological site shelters. Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites 5,

7-18 PERS

Demas, M. 2001. Annotated bibliography on protective shelters for archaeological

sites. Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites 5, 91-105

PERS

Stanley-Price, N and Jokilehto, J. 2001. The decision to shelter archaeological sites.

Three case-studies from Sicily. Conservation and Management of Archaeological

Sites 5, 19-34 PERS

See also the Getty Conservation Institute newsletter at:

http://www.getty.edu/conservation/resources/newsletter.html and on:

MAS/Getty/Getty newsletter

Further reading:

Agnew, N. 2001. Methodology, conservation criteria and performance evaluation for

archaeological site shelters, Conservation and management of archaeological sites 5

PERS

Agnew, N. and Wade, M. 1986. A case study of a palaeontological site - the need for

planning and protection. In Preventive measures during excavation and site protection.

Conference, Ghent, 6-8 November, 1985. Rome: ICCROM, 257-270 AL 11 PRE

Agnew, N., Maekawa, S., Coffman, R. and Meyer, J. 1996. Evaluation of the performance of

a lightweight modular site shelter: Quantitative metrological data and protective indices for

http://www.getty.edu/conservation/resources/newsletter.html


the ‘hexashelter’. Conservation and management of archaeological 1(3), 139-50

PERS

Alarcâo, A., Correia, V.H. and Beloto, C. (eds.) 1994. Conservation, protection, presentation.

Fifth conference of the International Committee for the Conservation of Mosaics:

proceedings/actas, Faro and Conimbriga. Lisbon: Instituto Português de Museus

KN 6 MOS

Alcántara, R. 2002. Standards in Preventive Conservation: meanings and applications.

ICCROM E-doc. 2004/04.

http://www.iccrom.org/eng/e-docs.htm#Standards

MAS/ICCROM/ ICCROM_04StandardsPreventiveConser.pdf

Aslan, Z. 1997. Protective structures for the conservation and presentation of archaeological

sites. Journal of Conservation and Museum Studies 3 Available at:

http://www.jcms-journal.com/article/view/jcms.3974/11

Bachmann, M. and Schwarting, A. 2008. Conservation projects in Pergamon. Building Z and

the shelter constructed above it, Conservation and management of archaeological sites 10(2):

157-173. PERS

Bahn, P., Bednarik, R. G., & Steinbring, J. 1995. The Peterborough petroglyph site:

reflections on massive interventions in rock art, Rock Art Research 12(1), 29-41

Berriane, M. 2006. A slow rescue for Morocco's earthen citadels, UNESCO Courier: 47-48

Calarco, D. 2000. San Diego Royal Presidio: Conservation of an Earthen Archaeological Site.

In. Terra 2000, 8th International Conference on the Study and Conservation of Earthen

Architecture, Torquay, Devon, UK, May 2000, 19-25. London: English Heritage and James

and James. KP Qto INT


Routledge L CAP

De Silva, T.K.N.P. 1986 Roof over a Monument: Sri Lankan experience. In: ICCROM

Preventive measures during excavation and site protection. Conference, Ghent, 6-8

November 1985. Rome: ICCROM, 271-279 AL11 PRE

Demas, M. 1997. Ephesus. In De la Torre, M (ed.) The conservation of archaeological sites in

the Mediterranean region. An international conference organised by the Getty Conservation

Institute and the J. Paul Getty Museum, 6-12 May 1995. Los Angeles: Getty Conservation

Institute, 127-49 AG Qto DEL

Demas, M., Agnew, N., Waane, S., Podany, J., Bass, A., and Kamamba, D. 1996.

Preservation of the Laetoli hominid trackway in Tanzania. In Roy, A. and Smith, P. (eds)

Archaeological conservation and its consequences. Preprints of the contributions to the


38-42 LA Qto ROY

Direcção General dos Edifícios e Monumentos Nacionais 1993. 7th International conference

on the study and conservation of earthen architecture, October 24 to 29/ 1993, Silves,

Portugal. Lisbon: Direcção General dos Edifícios e Monumentos Nacionais

UNCLASSIFIED



Hodges, H.W.M. (ed.) 1987. In situ archaeological conservation. Mexico: The Getty

Conservation Institute/INAH L COR

ICAHM. 1996. Archaeological remains in situ preservation/Vestiges archéologiques. La

conservation in situ. Proceedings of the Second ICAHM International Conference. ICOMOS

International Committee on Archaeological Heritage Management, Montréal, October 11-15,

1994. Ottawa L ICO

ICCROM. 1986. Preventive measures during excavation and site protection. Conference,

Ghent, 6-8 November 1985. Rome: ICCROM AL11 PRE

Lamei, S. 2005. Insights into Current Conservation Practices, Museum International 57(1-2),

136-141

McClure, K. 2007. No shelter: UNESCO’s efforts to save Lalibela’s culture. Unpublished

paper. Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. Paper 129. Available at:

http://digitalcollections.sit.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1103&context=isp_collection

Matero, F. and Moss, E. 2004. Temporary site protection for earthen walls and murals at

Çatalhöyük, Turkey. Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites, Vol 6, no. 3 &

4, 213-227. PERS

Michaelides, D. and Savvides, N. 2008 Lessons not learned In: Abed, A.B., Demas, M. and

Roby, T. (eds.) Lessons learned: reflecting on the theory and practice of mosaic

conservation: proceedings of the 9th ICCM Conference, Hammamet, Tunisia, November 29-

December 3, 2005. Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute, 214-223 KN 6 Qto ABE

Mora, P., Mora, L. and Philippot, P. 1984. Conservation of wall paintings. London:

Butterworths KN1 MOR

Pendergast, D.M. 1993. Keeping up appearances: Maya buildings and their maintenance, past

and present. Public Archaeology 1 Teaching Collection 1656

Pesaresi, P. and Rizzi, G. 2006. New and existing forms of protective shelter at Herculaneum:

towards improving the continuous care of the site, Conservation and management of

archaeological sites 8(4): 237-252.

Price, C.A. 1996. Stone conservation: an overview of current research. Santa Monica, CA:

Getty Conservation Institute KP1 PRI Available

as pdf from http://www.getty.edu/conservation/resources/reports.html

Putt, N. and Slade, S. 2003. Teamwork for Preventive Conservation. ICCROM E-doc.

2004/01. http://www.iccrom.org/eng/e-docs.htm#Standards

MAS/ICCROM/ICCROM_01Teamwork.pdf

Ranellucci, S 1996. Strutture protettive e conservazione dei siti archeologici Protective

shelters and the conservation of archaeological sites). Pescara: Carsa Edizioni

Roby, T. C. 1995. Site conservation during excavation: treatment of masonry, wall plaster and

floor mosaic remains of a Byzantine church in Petra, Jordon. Conservation and Management

of Archaeological Sites 1(1), 45-57. PERS

Roy, A. and Smith, P. (eds.) 1996. Archaeological conservation and its consequences.

Preprints of the contributions to the Copenhagen Congress, 26-30 August 1996. London:

International Institute for Conservation LA Qto ROY

http://digitalcollections.sit.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1103&context=isp_collection





Schmid, M. 1998. Protective shelters at the archaeological sites of Mallia Crete. and,

Conservation and management of archaeological sites 2(3), 143-153

Schmidt, H. 1988. Schutzbauten. Stuttgart: Konrad Theiss Verlag L SCH

Stanley Price, N. 1990. Conservation and information in the display of prehistoric sites. In:

Gathercole, P. and Lowenthal, D. (eds) The Politics of the Past. One World Archaeology.


Stanley Price, N. 1995. Conservation on excavations and the 1956 UNESCO

Recommendation. In Stanley Price, N. (ed.) Conservation on archaeological excavations,

with particular reference to the Mediterranean area. 2nd edition. ICCROM, 135-142

LA PRI

Stanley-Price, N. 1997. Piazza Armerina. In De la Torre, M. (ed.) The conservation of

archaeological sites in the Mediterranean region. An international conference organised by

the Getty Conservation Institute and the J. Paul Getty Museum, 6-12 May 1995. Los Angeles:

Getty Conservation Institute, 65-92 AG Qto DEL

Stanley-Price, N. and Jokilehto, J. 2001. The decision to shelter archaeological sites. Three

case-studies from Sicily. In Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites 5, 19-34

PERS

Stewart, J. 2004. Reburial of Excavated Sites. Conservation and management. Conservation

Bulletin 45, 28-9 MAS/English Heritage/CB 45 2004 reburial.pdf

Stovel, H. 1995. Monitoring world cultural heritage sites. ICOMOS Canada Bulletin 4(3), 15-

20 Teaching Collection 1658

Stubbs, J. 1995. Protection and presentation of excavated structures. In Stanley Price, N. (ed.)

Conservation on archaeological excavations. 2nd. (ed.) Rome: ICCROM, 79-96

LA PRI

Thorne, R. M. 1992. Revegetation: the soft approach to archaeological site stabilization.

Technical Brief no 8, September 1990 revised March 1992). Washington: U S Department of

the Interior, National Park Service AG THO

Thorne, R.M., Fay, P.M. and Hester, J.J. 1987. Archaeological site preservation techniques: a

preliminary review. Technical report EL-87-3. Vicksburg Mississippi: US Army Engineers

Waterways Experiment Station

Thorsell, J. and Paine, J. 1995. An IUCN/WCMC perspective on safeguarding the integrity of

natural world heritage properties. ICOMOS Canada Bulletin 4(3), 21-23


Waane, S.A.C. 1986. Roofs and shelters: The Tanzanian experience. In Preventive measures

during excavation and site protection. Conference, Ghent, 6-8 November, 1985. Rome:

ICCROM, 245-56 AL 11 PRE

Weichman, K 2005. Easter Island's statues at risk, National Geographic 208, 20


Session 15 (lecture): Reburial of archaeological sites (Kirsty Norman)

Reburial is increasingly being used as a conservation treatment to solve some of the problems

posed by the management of archaeological sites. It is often seen as cost-effective and easy to

achieve, but without careful planning it can be a damaging intervention.

[See also reading under Session 14 on preventive conservation.]

Key reading:

Cooke, L. (2007) The archaeologist's challenge or despair: reburial at Merv, Turkmenistan,

Conservation and management of archaeological sites 9 (2): 97-112

Demas, M., Agnew, N., Waane, S., Podany, J., Bass, A., and Kamamba, D. 1996.

Preservation of the Laetoli hominid trackway in Tanzania. In Roy, A. and Smith, P. (eds)



38-42 LA Qto ROY

Goodburn-Brown, D. and Hughes, R. 1996. A review of some conservation procedures for

the reburial of archaeological sites in London. In Roy, A. and Smith, P. (eds) Archaeological

conservation and its consequences. Preprints of the contributions to the Copenhagen

Congress, 26-30 August 1996. London: International Institute for Conservation, 65-69

LA Qto ROY

Stanley-Price, N. (ed.) 2004. Colloquium on reburial of archaeological sites, Santa Fe, New

Mexico, USA 17-21 March 2003. Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites,

6(3&4) PERS

Stewart, J. 2004 Reburial of Excavated Sites. Conservation and management. Conservation

Bulletin 45: 28-9 MAS/English Heritage/CB 45 2004 reburial.pdf

Further reading:

Dowdy, K and Taylor, M, 1993. Investigations into the Benefits of Site Reburial on the

Preservation of Prehistoric Plasters in Archaeological Ruins. In. 7th International Conference

on the Study and Conservation of Earthen Architecture, Lisbon. 1993, 480-487. Lisbon:

Direcção Geral dos Edifícios e Monumentos Nacionais. KP Qto INT &


Mathewson, C. C. and Gonzalez, T. 1988. Protection and preservation of archaeological sites

through burial. In Marinos, P.G. and Koukis, G.C. (eds) The engineering geology of ancient

works, monuments and historical sites. Preservation and protection. Volume 1. Rotterdam:

A.A. Balkema, 519-526 LC MAR

Nichols, T, 2000. Reburying History: Backfilling at Aztec Ruins National Monument and the

Power of Consultation. In. CRM Online 23/9, http://crm.cr.nps.gov/archive/23-09/23.html

Podany, J., Agnew, N. and Demas, M. 1993. Preservation of excavated mosaics by reburial:

evaluation of some traditional and newly developed materials and techniques. In Proceedings

5th Conference of the International Committee for the Conservation of Mosaics, Faro and

Conimbriga, Portugal, 1-19 KN6 MOS


Thorne, R. M. 1989. Intentional site burial: a technique to protect against natural or

mechanical loss. Archaeological Assistance Program. Technical Brief No 5. Washington, DC:

US Department of the Interior, National Park Service AG THO

Session 16 (lecture): Condition reports - assessing the state of conservation (Dean

Sully)

Condition reports are a tool for conservation assessment that aim to provide an objective

interpretation of the problems affecting the site. Methods and techniques for their applications

are illustrated with examples taken from a variety of projects, including The National Trust’s

Chedworth Roman Villa project.

Key reading:

The Getty Conservation Institute and the Israel Antiquities Authority 2003. Illustrated

Glossary: Mosaics In Situ Project. PDF format at

http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications/pdf_publications/chron.html

GraDoc 1999. Graphic Documentation Systems in Mural Painting Conservation Research

Seminar Rome 16-20 November 1999. ICCROM: 7-14 KN 1 Qto SCH

Matero, F.G. 2003. Managing Change: The role of documentation and condition survey at

Mesa Verde National Park. Journal of the American Institute of Conservation 42: 39-58

Further reading:

Cunliffe , S. 1994 Documentation as a Management tool: Planning for Conservation.

Archaeological Remains In–Situ Preservation. Proceedings of the second ICAHM

International Conference Montreal, Canada, October 11-15 1994 Montreal: ICAHM

Publications

Fidler, J. 1980. Non-destructive surveying techniques for the analysis of historic buildings.

Transactions of the Association for studies in the conservation of historic buildings 5, 3-10

PERS

Fitzner, B., Heinrichs, K.and Volker, M. 1997. Monument mapping - a contribution to

monument preservation. In F. Zezza (ed.) Origin, mechanisms and effects of salts on

degradation of monuments in marine and continental environments. European Commission

Research Workshop Proceedings, Bari, March 25-7, 1996. Bari: European Commission, 347-

45 KP1 Qto ORI

Geva, A. 1996. A multimedia system for organizing architectural documentation of historic

buildings. APT bulletin. The journal of preservation technology 27(2), 18-23 PERS

ICOMOS 1990. Guide to recording historic buildings. London: Butterworths

KO Qto ICO

Silman, R. 1996. Applications of non-destructive evaluation techniques in historic buildings.

APT Bulletin. The journal of preservation technology 27(2), 69-73 PERS

Swallow, P., Watt, D. and Ashton, R. 1993. Measurement and recording of historic building.

London: Donhead LC SWA



Session 17 (lecture): Managing archaeological resources and development: The

approach in England (Joe Flatman, English Heritage)

How do we manage a wide range of buried archaeological sites within the context of urban

and rural development? What legislative and procedural tools are available to us and how are

these implemented within the context of the pressures to development and the need for

growth? This session reviews the approaches adopted for development control in the England.

Key reading:

Bradley, R, Haselgrove, C, Linden, M V, and Webley, L (eds) 2012. Development-led

archaeology in Northwest Europe. Oxford: Oxbow AG WEB

Department for Communities and Local Government 2012. National Planning Policy

Framework. Available from:

http://www.communities.gov.uk/publications/planningandbuilding/nppf

English Heritage 2010. PPS5 Planning for the Historic Environment: Practice Guide.

(revision note 2012). Available from: http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/publications/pps-

practice-guide/

Hunter, J. and Ralston, I. (eds.) 2006. Archaeological resource management in the UK: an

introduction. 2nd edition. Stroud: Sutton . Especially chapters 4, 5 and 10 AG HUN

Waterton, E. & Smith, L. 2008. Heritage protection for the 21st century, Cultural Trends,

17(3): 197-203 MAS/Site Management Themes/Development control/Smith & Waterton.pdf

Further reading:

Department of Culture, Media and Sport 2007. Heritage Protection for the 21st Century -

White Paper. Available from:

http://www.culture.gov.uk/images/consultations/hrp_whitepaper_doc1.pdf

Department of the Environment. 1990. Planning and Policy Guidance Note (PPG) 16:

Archaeology and Planning. London: H.M.S.O. (Re-published in Pugh-Smith and Samuels,

1996). 3 copies at AG20 ARC

Pickard, R (ed.) 2001. Policy and law in heritage conservation. London: Spon

AG 20 PIC

Willems, W J H & van der Dries, M 2007. Quality Management in Archaeology. Oxford:

Oxbow Books AG WIL

See also:

MAS/Organisations/English Heritage/ - various files

MAS/Organisations/Historic Scotland/ Scottish historic environment policy 2008.pdf

http://www.communities.gov.uk/publications/planningandbuilding/nppf

http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/publications/pps-practice-guide/

http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/publications/pps-practice-guide/

http://www.culture.gov.uk/images/consultations/hrp_whitepaper_doc1.pdf


Session 18 (lecture): Case study: Developing Governance (Kirsty Norman)

This session explores how site management is structured, the role of a Site Coordinator and

development of governance structures.

These issues are explored through the case study of Wearmouth & Jarrow, an extensive

monastic site in north-east England. The lecture traces the process and strategies as they

unfolded during a World Heritage Nomination bid, how the ICOMOS evaluation process

worked and, after the failure of the bid, where next for the landscape?

Key reading:

See the official website: http://www.wearmouth-jarrow.org.uk/

The government announcement of the bid: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/wearmouth-

jarrow-monastery-nominated-for-world-heritage-site-status

The Tentative List information: http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5681/

For the ICOMOS evaluation report see http://whc.unesco.org/archive/2012/whc12-36com-

8B1inf-en.pdf (which is also on the USB drive at MAS/Organisations/UNESCO/WHC

minutes/whc12-36com-8B1inf-en.pdf).

Session 19 (informal discussion): Discussion of placement opportunities (Tim

Williams & Kirsty Norman)

Discussion of the role of placements and opportunities for 2013.

This session only needs to be attended by Managing Archaeological Sites degree course

students, but it can also be attended by students of other MA degree courses that require a

placement as part of the degree.

Session 20 (lecture): Interpretation strategies at open-air archaeological sites

(Sarah Dhanjal)

People perceive visiting sites in very different ways – they have differing motivations,

expectations and needs. How can these expectations be realised or enhanced or, with

unsympathetic management, destroyed, devalued, or simply marginalised into economic trade

goods? Opportunities to approach interpretation, outside of a museum-style context.

Key reading:

Fyall, A, Garrod, B, & Leask, A (eds) 2003. Managing visitor attractions: new directions.

Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann MF 7 FYA

Howard, P. 2003. Heritage: Management, Interpretation, Identity. London: Continuum

GEOGRAPHY H 10 HOW

McManamon, F. P. 2000. Archaeological messages and messengers. Public Archaeology, 1,

5-20 PERS

http://www.wearmouth-jarrow.org.uk/

https://www.gov.uk/government/news/wearmouth-jarrow-monastery-nominated-for-world-heritage-site-status

https://www.gov.uk/government/news/wearmouth-jarrow-monastery-nominated-for-world-heritage-site-status

http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5681/

http://whc.unesco.org/archive/2012/whc12-36com-8B1inf-en.pdf

http://whc.unesco.org/archive/2012/whc12-36com-8B1inf-en.pdf


Shackley, M. 1999. Visitor management. In Leask, A. & Yeoman, I. (eds) Heritage Visitor

Attractions: an Operations Management Perspective, London-New York: Continuum, 69-82


Shackley, M (ed) 2000. Visitor Management. Case Studies from World Heritage Sites.

Oxford: Butterworth-Heineman AG SHA

Shackley, M. 2006 Visitor management at World Heritage Sites. In Leask, A. and Fyall, A.

(eds) Managing World Heritage Sites. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann; 83-94 AG LEA

Sivan, R. 1997. The presentation of archaeological sites. In De la Torre, M. (ed.) The

conservation of archaeological sites in the Mediterranean region. An international

conference organised by the Getty Conservation Institute and the J. Paul Getty Museum, 6-12

May 1995. Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute, 51-9 AG Qto DEL

Association for Heritage Interpretation:

Numerous articles available to download from: http://www.heritageinterpretation.org.uk

Further reading:

Addyman, P.V. 1990. Reconstruction as interpretation: the example of the Jorvik Viking

Centre, York. In Gathercole, P and Lowenthal, D. (eds) The Politics of the Past. One World

Archaeology. London: Unwin Hyman, 257-264 AG GAT

Atkinson, C 1996. A Beginners Guide to the Planning, Design and Operation of Visitor

Centres. AHI 1(3). Available at: http://www.heritageinterpretation.org.uk/journals/j1c-

begi.html

Barrow, G 1996. Visitor Centres: Financial Planning and Management Issues. AHI 1(3).

Avalable at: http://www.heritageinterpretation.org.uk/journals/j1c-fina.html

Bender, B. 1993. Stonehenge – Contested Landscapes Medieval to Present-Day). In Bender,

B. (ed.) Landscape. Politics and Perspectives. Oxford: Berg BD BEN

Bertaux, J.-P., Crevoisier, J.-P., Goutal, M., Mechling, J.-M. and Meistersheim, P. 1998. The

Gallo-Roman sanctuary at Grand, France: II. The protection and development of the

amphitheatre. Conservation and management of archaeological sites 2(4), 217-228

PERS

Bettini, G. & Massa, S. 1991. Preservation problems, visitors and deterioration on the painted

Etruscan tomb, in Baer, N S (ed) Science, technology, and European cultural heritage:

proceedings of the European symposium, Bologna, 13-16 June 1989: 761-769

Binks, G, Dyke, J, & Dagnall, P. 1988. Visitors welcome. A manual on the presentation and

interpretation of archaeological excavations. London: English Heritage

Bintliff, J. 1988. Extracting Meaning from the Past. Oxford: Oxbow AG BIN

Boniface, P. and Fowler, P.J. (eds) 1993. Heritage and Tourism in the ‘Global Village’.

London: Routledge AG BON

Chitty, G. and Baker, D. (eds) 1999. Managing Historic Sites and Buildings. Reconciling

Presentation and Preservation. London: Routledge AG CHI

http://www.heritageinterpretation.org.uk/

http://www.heritageinterpretation.org.uk/journals/j1c-begi.html

http://www.heritageinterpretation.org.uk/journals/j1c-begi.html

http://www.heritageinterpretation.org.uk/journals/j1c-fina.html


Colomer, L. 2002. Educational facilities in archaeological reconstruction: Is an image worth

more than a thousand words? Public Archaeology 2(2), 85-94 PERS

Corbishley, M. (ed.) 1992. Archaeology in the National Curriculum. London: Council for

British Archaeology and English Heritage

Council of Europe n.d. [1996]). Access of visitors to the ancient places of performance.

Papers from the Mérida seminar, 16-18 October, 1994. European Network of Ancient Places

of Performance, Council of Europe, Strasbourg

Cracknell, S. and Corbishley, M. (eds) 1986. Presenting Archaeology to Young People.

London: Council for British Archaeology AQ CRA

Demas, M. 1997. Ephesus. In De la Torre, M (ed.) The conservation of archaeological sites in

the Mediterranean region. An international conference organised by the Getty Conservation

Institute and the J. Paul Getty Museum, 6-12 May 1995. Los Angeles: Getty Conservation

Institute, 127-49 AG Qto DEL

Dimacopoulos, J. 1985. Anastylosis and anasteloseis. ICOMOS Information


Dragovich, D. 1996. Site management and the visitor book, in Ward, G K & Ward, L A (eds)

Management of rock imagery. Proceedings of Symposium H of the Second AURA

Congress, Cairns 1992 103-106. Melbourne:

German Commission for UNESCO 1980. Protection and Cultural Animation of Monuments,

Sites, and Historic Towns in Europe. Bonn: Bernecker LC UNE

Harrison, R. (ed.) 1994. Manual of Heritage Management. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann,

especially section 4, 291-378 MC HAR

Henson, D., Stone, P. and Corbishley, M. (eds) 2004. Education and the historic environment.

London: Routledge AQ HEN

Hooper-Greenhill, E. 1992. Museums and the Shaping of Knowledge. London: Routledge

M 8 HOO

Hughes, M. and Rowley, T. (eds) 1986. The Management and Presentation of Field

Monuments. Oxford: Oxford University LC HUG

Jameson, J.H. (ed.) 1997. Presenting Archaeology to the Public: Digging for Truths, Walnut

Creek, Calif. & London: Alta Mira Press DED 100 JAM

Jordanova, L. 1999. Objects of knowledge: a historical perspective on museums. In Moffat, H

& Woollard, V (eds) Museum & Gallery Education: a manual of good practice. London: The

Stationery Office, 22-40 MF 4 MOF

Kwas, M.L. (ed.) 1986. Archaeological Parks. Integrating Preservation, Interpretation, and

Recreation. Nashville, Tennessee: Department of Conservation, Division of Parks and

Recreation

Leask, A. & Fyall, A. (eds) 2006. Managing World Heritage Sites. Oxford: Butterworth-

Heinemann AG LEA


Lerner, S. 1991. Saving sites: preservation and education. In Smith, G.S. and Ehrenhard, J.E.

(eds) Protecting the Past. Baton Rouge, FL: CRC Press, 103-108 AG SMI

Little, B. (ed.) 2002. The public benefits of archaeology. Gainesville: Florida University Press

DED 100 LIT

Marquet, J-C and Pathy, C (eds) 2006. L'archéologie et l'éducation/ Archaeology and

Education. Archaeopress

Marshall, Y. and Gosden, C. 1999. The cultural biography of objects. World Archaeology

31.2, 169-178 PERS

McManus, P.M. (ed.) 1996. Archaeological displays and the public. Museology and

interpretation. London: Institute of Archaeology, University College London

MG2 MCM

Merriman, N. 2000. Beyond the Glass Case: the Past, Heritage and the Public. London:

Institute of Archaeology, University College London MB 2 MER

Merriman, N. (ed.) 2004. Public archaeology. London: Routledge AG MER

Molina Montes, A. 1982. Archaeological buildings: restoration or misrepresentation. In

Boone, E. H. (ed.) Falsifications and misreconstructions of Pre-Columbian art. Dumbarton

Oaks, 14-15 October, 1978. Washington, D.C: Dumbarton Oaks, 125-141


Morin, R. 1999. Creative preservation: The development of an artistic approach to the

preservation and presentation of the past. In Conservation and management of archaeological

sites 3, 191-201 PERS

Moser, S. 2002. Reports on the Community Archaeology Project at Quseir, Egypt. At:

http://www.arch.soton.ac.uk/Research/Quseir/

Moyer, T. S. 2007. Learning through visitors: exhibits as tool for encouraging civic

engagement through archaeology, in Little, B. J. & Shackel, P. A. (eds) Archaeology as a tool

of civic engagement. Lanham, Md.: AltaMira Press, 263-278. DED 100 LIT

Naccache, A. 1996. The price of progress. Archaeology 49, 51-6 PERS

Naccache, A. 1998. Beirut’s memorycide. In Meskell, L. (ed.) Archaeology under fire.

Nationalism, politics and heritage in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. London:

Routledge, 140-158 AG MES

Ndoro, W. 1994. The preservation and presentation of Great Zimbabwe. Antiquity 68(260),

616-623 PERS

Papadopoulos, J.K. 1997. Knossos. In De la Torre, M. (ed.) The conservation of

archaeological sites in the Mediterranean region. An international conference organised by

the Getty Conservation Institute and the J. Paul Getty Museum, 6-12 May 1995. Los Angeles:

Getty Conservation Institute, 93-125 AG Qto DEL

Parker-Pearson, M. 1999. Preserving and presenting the evidence. In Barker, G. and Grant, A.

(eds) Companion Encyclopedia of Archaeology. London: Routledge, 389-427 AH BAR

http://www.arch.soton.ac.uk/Research/Quseir/


Parks Canada 1997. Special edition of CRM: Sharing Experiences Broadening Horizons.

CRM 4 PERS and MAS/Organisations/Parks Canada

Pearson, V. (ed.) 2001 Teaching the Past: A Practical Guide for Archaeologists. York:

Council for British Archaeology AQ Qto PEA

Peers, L. and Brown, A.K. (eds) 2003. Museums and source communities: a Routledge

reader. London: Routledge MG 3 PEE

Philippot, P. 1996. Historic preservation: philosophy, criteria, guidelines. In Timmons, S. A.

(ed.) Preservation and conservation: principles and practice. Washington, D.C: The

Preservation Press. Reprinted in Stanley Price et al. (eds), 367-382 KN STA

Piccini, A. 1999. Wargames and Wendy Houses: Open-air Reconstructions of Prehistoric

Life. In Merriman, N (ed.) Making Early Histories in Museums. London: Leicester University

Press. MG 2 MER

Rowan, Y. & Baram, U. (eds) 2004. Marketing Heritage: Archaeology and the Consumption

of the Past. AltaMira Press AG ROW

Schmidt, H. 1997. Reconstruction of ancient buildings. In De la Torre, M. (ed.) The

conservation of archaeological sites in the Mediterranean region. An international



Silverman, H. (ed.) 2006. Archaeological site museums in Latin America. Gainesville:

University Press of Florida

Smiles, S. & Moser, S. (eds) 2005. Envisioning the past: archaeology and the image.

Blackwell AH SMI

Stanley Price, N. 1990. Conservation and interpretation in the display of prehistoric sites. In

Gathercole, P and Lowenthal, D. (eds) The Politics of the Past. One World Archaeology.


Stanley Price, N. 1997. The Roman villa at Piazza Armerina, Sicily. In De la Torre, M (ed.)

The conservation of archaeological sites in the Mediterranean region. An international



Stone, P. and Mackenzie, R. 1994. (eds) The excluded past: Archaeology in Education,

London: Routledge AQ STO

Stone, P. and Molyneaux, B. (eds) 1994. The presented past: Heritage, Museums and

Education. London: Routledge M 6 STO

Stone, P. and Planel, P.G. (eds) 1999. The constructed past. Experimental archaeology,

education and the public. One World Archaeology. London: Routledge AH STO

Sullivan, S. 1985. Aboriginal site interpretation: some considerations. ACT Heritage

Seminars 3, 11-22 PERS

Talboys, G. K. 2005. Museum educator's handbook. (2nd ed) Farnham: Ashgate MF 4 TAL

Talboys, G. K. 2010. Using museums as an educational resource: an introductory handbook

for students and teachers. (2nd ed) Farnham: Ashgate MF 4 TAL


Thompson, M.W. 1981. Ruins: their preservation and display. London: British Museum

LC THO

Tilden, F. 1977. Interpreting our heritage. 3rd.ed. [1st (ed.) 1957]. Chapel Hill: University of

North Carolina Press MF4 TIL

Uzzell, D. and Ballantyne, R. 1998. Contemporary Issues in Heritage and Environmental

Interpretation. Problems and Prospects. London: The Stationery Office

AG UZZ

Uzzell, D.L. (ed.) 1989. Heritage interpretation. Volumes 1 & 2. London: Belhaven Press

M6 UZZ

Veliz, V., Bright, J.W. and Barborak, J.R. 1989. Planning and managing Honduras's Copán

Ruins World Heritage Site: The role of cultural parks in contributing to education and

economic development. In International Perspectives on National Parks Proceedings of the

First World Conference, Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado, 1984. U.S. National Park

Service in association with the Colorado Historical Society

Walsh, K. 1992. The Representation of the Past. Museums and Heritage in the Post-Modern

World. London: Routledge MG2 WAL

Waterfield, G. (ed.) 2004. Opening Doors: Learning in the Historic Environment. The

Attingham Trust MAS/Site Management themes/Education/opendoors.pdf and also available

at www.attinghamtrust.org

9.2 SPRING TERM

Session 21 (lecture): Case studies in site interpretation (Dirk Bennett)

How do we plan interpretation at archaeological sites? What tools and techniques can be used

to improve the way visitors arrive, experience, and leave the site? What is the relationship of

visitor centres to site experiences? How can audio-visual tools be used?

Reading:

See under Session 20.

Session 22 (lecture): Recording, managing, conserving and interpreting urban

archaeological sites (Tim Williams)

Urban sites present complex issues: the values of archaeological sites are often ignored or

minimised, especially when faced with the pressure of urban communities. How can site

management be integrated with the economic, social, and cultural life of a place? Is it possible

to include archaeology in an urban environment or will the relationship always remain

antagonistic?

Key reading:



http://www.attinghamtrust.org/


Bandarin, F. & van Oers, R. 2012. The historic urban landscape: managing heritage in an

urban century. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell. ARCHITECTURE in cataloguing

Callebaut, D. & Sunderland, J. 2010. ENAME: new technologies perpetuate the past, Museum

International 50(2), 50-54

Chatzoglou, A., Polyzoundi, A., Sorensen, M.L.S & Taha, S. 2011. Historic environment:

historic cities. Burwood, Victoria: Australian ICOMOS. in cataloguing

Galán, E. & Zezza, F. (eds.). 2002. International Symposium on the Conservation of

Monuments in the Mediterranean Basin (Seville, Spain): Protection and conservation of the

cultural heritage of the Mediterranean cities. Lisse, Netherlands: A.A. Balkema.

LA GAL

Getty Conservation Institute. 2011. Historic cities (Special issue). Conservation Perspectives,

The GCI Newsletter, 26(2) 2011 MAS/Organisations/Getty/v26n2.pdf

Hall, M. 2006. Identity, Memory and Countermemory: The Archaeology of an Urban

Landscape, Journal of Material Culture 11(1): 189-210

ICOMOS 1987. Charter for the Conservation of Historic Towns and Urban Areas.

http://www.international.icomos.org/e_towns.htm

Lisse, E. (ed.) 2002. Protection and conservation of the cultural heritage of the

Mediterranean cities. Netherlands: A.A. Balkema LA GAL

van Oers, R. & Haraguchi, S. (eds.) 2010. Managing Historic Cities. World Heritage Papers

27. Paris: UNESCO. MAS/Organisations/UNESCO/ World Heritage Papers/ 27 Managing

Historic Cities.pdf

See also:

Organization of World Heritage Cities: http://www.ovpm.org/main.asp

Further reading:

Assi, E. 2008. The relevance of urban conservation charters in the world heritage cities in the

Arab States. City & Time 4(1), 57-63. Available at http://www.ct.ceci-br.org

Baugher, S and DiZerega Wall, D 1997. Ancient and modern united: archaeological

exhibitions in urban plazas. In J H Jameson Jr, (ed.) Presenting Archaeology to the Public:

digging for truths. Walnut Creek, California: AltaMira Press, 114-129

DED 100 JAM

Birabi, A K 2007. International urban conservation charters: catalytic or passive tools of

urban conservation practices among developing countries?, City & Time 3(2): 39-53

Online

Callebaut, D. & Sunderland, J. 2010. ENAME: new technologies perpetuate the past, Museum

International 50(2): 50-54 Online

Cervelló-Royo, R., Garrido-Yserte, R., & Baldomero Segura-García del Río 2012. An urban

regeneration model in heritage areas in search of sustainable urban development and internal

cohesion, Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 2(1): 44-

61 Online


http://www.ovpm.org/main.asp

http://www.ct.ceci-br.org/


Dennison, P. (ed.) 1999. Conservation and change in historic towns. York: CBA Res Rep 122

DAA Qto Series COU 122

du Cros, H and Lee, Y S F (eds) 2007. Cultural Heritage Management in China: Preserving

the Pearl River Delta Cities. London: Routledge DBL CRO

English Heritage 2002. Changing London: An historic city for a modern world. English

Heritage: London MAS/Organisations/English Heritage/changinglondon.pdf

English Heritage & CABE 2001. Building in context: New development in historic areas.

English Heritage & CABE: London

MAS/Organisations/English Heritage/Building in Context {various files}

English Heritage 2001. Enabling development and the conservation of heritage assets.

English Heritage: London

MAS/Organisations/English Heritage/enablingdevelopment.pdf

English Heritage 2003. Managing local authority heritage assets: Some guiding principles for

decision-makers. DCMS, English Heritage & ODPM: London

MAS/Organisations/English Heritage/LA Asset Document.pdf

English Heritage 2005. Regeneration and the historic environment: heritage as a catalyst for

better social and economic regeneration. English Heritage

Grewcock, D 2006. Museums of Cities and Urban Futures: new approaches to urban planning

and the opportunities for museums of cities, Museum International 58(3), 32-42

Iamandi, C. 1997. The Charter of Athens of 1931 and 1933: coincidence, controversy and

convergence. In Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites 2(1), 17-28

PERS

ICOMOS 1987. Charter for the Conservation of Historic Towns and Urban Areas.


Jones, I, MacDonald, R R, and McIntyre, D (eds) 2008. City Museums and City Development.

Plymouth: AltaMira Press MG 2 JON

Kabbani, O. R. 1998. Public space as infrastructure: the case of the post-war reconstruction of

Beirut. In Rowe, P. & Sarkis, H. (eds) Projecting Beirut: episodes in the construction and

reconstruction of a modern city, 240-259

Bartlett: TOWN PLANNING C 62 LEB

Kulikauskas, P 2011. Introduction to the Special Issue of City & Time, City & Time 5(1)

Lohman, J 2006. City Museums: do we have a role in shaping the global community?,

Museum International 58(3), 15-20

Loukaki, A 2008. Living ruins, value conflicts. Aldershot: Ashgate YATES A 8 LOU

McManus, P. 2000. Archaeological Parks. In Archaeology International 3, 57-59 PERS

MORI 2002. London's Heritage. Research Study Conducted for English Heritage. English

Heritage MAS/Organisations/English Heritage/MORILondon.pdf



Organization of World Heritage Cities 1991. The World Heritage Cities Management Guide.

UNESCO http://www.ovpm.org/gestion/index.asp

Oueslati, T. 2006. Approche archéozoologique des modes d'acquisition, de transformation et

de consommation des ressources animales dans le contexte urbain gallo-romain de Lutèce,

Paris. Oxford: Archaeopress STORE 12-0313

Papageorgiou, L. 2000. The Unification of archaeological sites of Athens. The birth of an

archaeological park? In Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites 4, 176-84

PERS

Petruccioli, A 2007. After amnesia: learning from the Islamic Mediterranean urban fabric.

Altamura: ICAR ARCHITECTURE B 1:49 PET

Pickard, R. (ed.) 2001. Management of historic centres. London: Spon AG PIC

Russell-Ciardi, M 2006. Place-based education in an urban environment, Museum

International 58(3), 71-77

Sader, H. 1998. Ancient Beirut: urban growth in the light of recent excavations. In Rowe, P.

& Sarkis, H. (eds) Projecting Beirut: episodes in the construction and reconstruction of a

modern city, 23-40 Bartlett library: TOWN PLANNING C 62 LEB

Sandes, C 2008. St Alphage's Tower, Cripplegate: monument to tenacity, London

Archaeologist 12(2): 35-39

Sandes, C 2010. Archaeology, conservation and the city: post-conflict redevelopment in

London, Berlin and Beirut. Oxford: Archaeopress AG Qto SAN

Santiago de Compostela Manifest 1999. http://www.ovpm.org/grandsd/msanti.asp

Thabet, J 1999. Arab Architectural Heritage: Between Mirrors and Idols. Looking within and

beyond the tradition-modernity debate. Al Jadid, 4-5, nos. 24-25 (Fall 1998 & Winter 1999)

Watkin, D 2009. The Roman Forum. Profile YATES E 22 ROM

UNESCO 1975 The Conservation of Cities. London: Croom Helm STORE 10-0920

Site visit III: Roman London: London Billingsgate bathhouse, Temple of

Mithras, Guildhall amphitheatre, City wall, and the Museum of London


Session 23 (seminar): Interpreting archaeological sites in modern urban

landscapes (Class-led)

Details to be announced. Reading: see session 22.

http://www.ovpm.org/gestion/index.asp

http://www.ovpm.org/grandsd/msanti.asp


Session 24 (lecture): Cultural tourism and sustainability (Tim Williams)

Tourism is now arguably the largest industry in the world, and cultural tourism represents a

significant element of this global industry. For many developing countries cultural tourism is

seen as a key element of poverty relief and economic sustainability. There are many different

forms of tourism; with negative and positive impacts; and different relationships and

structures within and between governments, local communities, and tourism industry. We will

explore concepts of sustainability; poverty; management strategies; and issues in

environmental and cultural conservation.

Key reading (not all of these! – depends on your area of interest - scan a selection of

material – best marked with *)

Annals of Tourism Research: see http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01607383

Australian Heritage Commission 2001. Successful tourism at heritage places: a guide for

tourism operators, heritage managers, and communities. Canberra: AHC

Berriane, M. 1999. Tourism, Culture and Development in the Arab Region: Supporting

culture to develop tourism, developing tourism to support culture. UNESCO

MAS/Site Management themes/Cultural tourism/UNESCO/ArabRegion1999.pdf

Binks, G., Dyke, J. and Dagnall, P. 1988. Visitors welcome. A manual on the presentation and

interpretation of archaeological excavations. London: English Heritage

AL BIN

Brand, L. A. 2001. Development in Wadi Rum? State bureaucracy, external funders, and civil

society, International Journal of Middle Easy Studies 33: 571-590

Brunet, S., Bauer, J., and De Lacy, T. 2000. Green Globe 21: certifying sustainable tourism in

heritage cities in Asia/Pacific. Paper at UNESCO Culture, heritage management and tourism

conference, Bhaktapur, Nepal, April 2000

MAS/Site Management themes/Cultural tourism/Nepal/Green Globe 21.pdf

Coccossis, H. & Perpairis, A. 2004. Environment and tourism issues. Local identity and

heritage management, in Doukellis, P N & Mendoni, L G (eds) Protection and evaluation of

cultural landscapes, 233-248. Athens: Diffusion de Boccard AG DOU

*Cochrane, J. and Tapper, R. 2006 Tourism’s contribution to World Heritage Site

management. In Leask, A. and Fyall, A. (eds) Managing World Heritage Sites. Oxford:

Butterworth-Heinemann; 97-109 AG LEA

Cohen, E. 1998. Authenticity and commoditization in tourism, Annals of Tourism Research

15(3): 371-386

Duffy, R. 2002. A Trip Too Far - Ecotourism, Politics and Exploitation. Earthscan.

*Girard, L. F. and Nijkamp, P. (eds) 2009. Cultural tourism and sustainable local

development. Farnham: Ashgate TOWN PLANNING A 59 FUS

Hawass, Z. 1998. Site management: the response to tourism, Museum International 50, 31-37

*ICOMOS 1999. ICOMOS International Cultural Tourism Charter. ICOMOS

Available at http://www.icomos.org/tourism/charter.html

MAS/Charters/1999 ICOMOS tourism_charter.pdf

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01607383

http://www.icomos.org/tourism/charter.html


ICOMOS 2002. H@R!: Heritage at Risk 2001-2002. ICOMOS

See especially “Heritage at risk from tourism”

Available at http://www.international.icomos.org/risk/2001/tourism.htm

Keitumetse, S. O. 2009. The Eco-tourism of Cultural Heritage Management (ECT-CHM):

Linking Heritage and Environment in the Okavango Delta Regions of Botswana,

International Journal of Heritage Studies 15(2): 223-244.

Lim, L 2004. China tourist town's culture clash, BBC website

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/3839443.stm

MAS/Site Management themes/Cultural tourism/China tourist town.doc

MacCannell, D 2000. Cultural Tourism. The Getty Conservation Institute Newsletter 15(1)

*Mowforth, M. & Munt, I. 2003. Tourism and sustainability. Development and new tourism

in the third world. London: Routledge

Museum International 1998. The challenge of tourism 2. Museum International 50(4),

October 1998 special issue MAS/Site Management themes/Cultural

tourism/ChallengeOfTourism.pdf

Pedersen, A. 2002. Managing tourism at World Heritage Sites: a practical manual for world

Heritage Site Mangers. UNESCO: Paris

MAS/Site Management themes/Cultural tourism/UNESCO/Managing tourism.pdf

Périer-D’Ieteren, C. 1998. Tourism and conservation: striking a balance, Museum

International 50(4): 5-14 MAS/Site Management themes/Cultural tourism/ Tourism

and conservation_striking a balance.pdf

Shackley, M. 1999. Visitor management. In Leask, A. & Yeoman, I. (eds) Heritage Visitor

Attractions: an Operations Management Perspective, London-New York: Continuum, 69-82


Sullivan, H. 1996. Visitor management at painting sites in Kakadu National Park. In Ward,

G.K., Ward, L.A. (eds) Management of rock imagery. Proceedings of Symposium H of the

Second AURA Congress, Cairns 1992. Occasional AURA Publications, no. 9. Melbourne:

AURA, 82 – 87 Teaching collection 1550

Timothy, D.J. & Boyd, S.W. 2003. Heritage Tourism, Harlow: Prentice Hall AG TIM

*Timothy, D. J. & Nyaupane, G. 2009. Cultural Heritage and Tourism in the Developing

World. London: Routledge

*United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development 1987. Our Common

Future. New York: Oxford University Press. Most commonly referred to as the Brundtland

Report

United Nations 2003. Agenda 21. UN at:


*UNEP 2003. Tourism and Local Agenda 21. The Role of Local Authorities in Sustainable

Tourism. UNEP: Paris MAS/Site Management themes/Cultural

tourism/UNEP/la21_part1.pdf etc

http://www.international.icomos.org/risk/2001/tourism.htm





UNESCO 1995. Workshop on sustainable tourism development in World Heritage Sites -

planning for Hue. Hue, Viet Nam, 3 - 6 May 1995. UNESCO: Thailand

MAS/Site Management themes/Cultural tourism/UNESCO/HueVietnam1995.pdf

UNESCO 1996. Culture, tourism, development: crucial issues for the 21st century, Paris:

UNESCO AG TOU

UNESCO 1999. Tourism and culture: rethinking the mix. UNESCO Courier July/August

1999, 21-56 MAS/Site Management themes/Cultural tourism/UNESCO/Courier.pdf

UNESCO 2000. Making Tourism Sustainable. UNSECO Sources 120, 10-15

MAS/Site Management themes/Cultural

tourism/UNESCO/MakingTourismSustainable2000.pdf

UNESCO 2002. Cultural Diversity: Common Heritage, Plural Identities. UNESCO

MAS/Site Management themes/Cultural tourism/UNESCO/Cultural Diversity.pdf

UNESCO 2003. The Sahara. Of cultures and men. Towards a strategy for the sustainable

development of tourism in the Sahara, in the context of combating poverty. UNESCO: Paris

MAS/Organisations/UNESCO/Africa/sahara.pdf

Wood, M.E. 2002. Ecotourism: principles, practices & policies for sustainability. UNEP:

Paris MAS/Site Management themes/Cultural tourism/UNEP/ecotourism_part-one.pdf &

ecotourism_part-two.pdf

World Bank & UNESCO 1999. Florence conference on Culture and Sustainable

Development. MAS/Site Management themes/Cultural tourism/Florence/ {various files}

World Bank 1999. Summary report of the World Bank cultural site management workshop,

26-30 April 1999. Sustainable Developments 24(5), 1-10

MAS/Cultural tourism/WB/sustainable development workshop.pdf

World Bank 2001. Cultural Heritage and Development. A Framework for Action in the

Middle East and North Africa. World Bank: Washington MAS/Cultural

tourism/WB/CH in ME and NA.pdf

Websites

ECoNETT the European Community Network for Environmental Travel & Tourism.

http://www.wttc.org/ on-line database of information about developments in sustainable

tourism.

World Tourism organisation website: http://www.world-tourism.org/

Further reading:

Addyman, P. and Gaynor, A. 1984. The Jorvik Viking Centre. International Journal of

Museum Management and Curatorship 3, 7-18 PERS

Allcock, A. et al. 1994. National Ecotourism Strategy. Canberra: Australian Government

Publishing Service

Bertaux, J.-P. 1998. The Gallo-Roman sanctuary at Grand, France: I. Its development and

management for tourism. Conservation and management of archaeological sites 2(4), 207-

215. PERS

http://www.wttc.org/

http://www.world-tourism.org/


Bettini, G. and Massa, S. 1991. Preservation problems, visitors and deterioration on the

painted Etruscan tomb. In Baer, N. S. et al. (eds) Science, technology, and European cultural

heritage: proceedings of the European symposium, Bologna, 13-16 June 1989, 761-769.

L BAE

Boniface, P. and Fowler, P.J. (eds) 1993. Heritage and Tourism in the ‘Global Village’.

London: Routledge AG BON

Boniface, P. 1995. Managing Quality Cultural Tourism. London: Routledge

AG BON

Bonnici, A, Cassar, J, Schembri, P, and Ventura, F. 1993. Visitor impact on an underground

prehistoric monument: the Hal Saflieni Hypogeum, Malta. In ICOM Committee for

Conservation 10th Triennial meeting, Washington, DC, 22-27 August 1993: preprints, 825-30

L Qto ICO

Branden, K. 1996. Ecotourism and Conservation. World Bank

Casagrandi, R. and Rinaldi, S. 2002. A theoretical approach to tourism sustainability.

Conservation Ecology 6(1) [online] http://www.consecol.org/vol6/iss1/art13

Ceballos-Lascaurain, H. 1996. Tourism, ecotourism and protected areas. Gland, Switzerland:

ICUN – The World Conservation Union

GEOGRAPHY QUARTOS H 96 CEB



East and North Africa. Washington: The World Bank, 41-55 Available at:


Chhabra, D. 2009. Sustainable Marketing of Cultural and Heritage Tourism. London:

Routledge On order

Corzo, M. A. (ed.) 1995. The future of Asia’s past: Preservation of the architectural heritage

of Asia. Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute

MAS/Organisations/Getty/The future of Asia's past.pdf

Doumas, C. 1997. Management considerations at a Mediterranean site: Akrotiri, Thera, In De

la Torre, M. (ed.) The conservation of archaeological sites in the Mediterranean region. An

international conference organised by the Getty Conservation Institute and the J. Paul Getty

Museum, 6-12 May 1995. Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute, 27-40

AG Qto DEL

Dragovich, D. 1996. Site management and the visitor book. In Ward, G.K., Ward, L.A. (eds)

Management of rock imagery. Proceedings of Symposium H of the Second AURA Congress,

Cairns 1992. Melbourne: Occasional AURA Publications, no. 9, 103-106

Teaching collection 1551

Eagles, P. F. J. 2001. International Trends in Park Tourism. Hohe Tauern National Park,

Matrei, Austria MAS/Site Management themes/Cultural tourism/trends in park tourism.pdf

Eagles, P. F. J., McCool, S. F. and Haynes, C. D. 2002. Sustainable tourism in protected

areas: guidelines for planning and management. UNEP, WTO & ICUN: Gland & Cambridge

MAS/Site Management themes/Cultural tourism/UNEP/Sustainable Tourism in Protected

Areas/ {various files}

http://www.consecol.org/vol6/iss1/art13



Hall, M. and McArthur, S. 1996. Heritage Management in Australia and New Zealand: the

Human Dimension. Melbourne: Oxford University Press DD HAL

Harris, R. and Griffin, T. 2002. Sustainable Tourism. London: Butterworth Heinemann

Harrison, D. (ed.) 2001. Tourism and the Less Developed World: issues and case studies.

Oxon: CABI Publishing ANTHROPOLOGY E 40 HAR

Holden, H. 2000. Environment and tourism. London: Routledge

Barlett: TOWN PLANNING A 59 HOL

Hosni, E. 2000. Strategy for sustainable tourism development in the Sahara. UNSECO: Paris

MAS/Site Management themes/Cultural tourism/UNESCO/Sahara2000.pdf

ICOMOS 1993. Tourism at World Heritage cultural sites: the site manager’s handbook.

ICOMOS International Specialised Committee on Cultural Tourism - US/ICOMOS

AG Qto INT

MAS/Organisations/ICOMOS/Tourism handbook {various files}

ICOMOS 1996. Charter of Cultural Tourism. ICOMOS

Available at http://www.icomos.org/tourism/tourism_charter.html

Jacobs, J.M., and Gale, F. 1995. Tourism and the protection of aboriginal cultural sites.

Special Australian Heritage Publication Series Number 10. Canberra: Australian Government

Publishing Service DDA JAC

Leask, A. and Yeoman, I. 1999. Heritage Visitor Attractions: an Operations Management

Perspective. Continuum: London-New York AG LEA

Liddle, P. 1985. Community Archaeology: a fieldworker's handbook of organisation and

techniques. Leicester: Leicestershire Museums, Arts and Records Service AL 10 LID

Mowforth, M. and Munt, I. 1998. Tourism and Sustainability - New Tourism in the Third

World. London: Routledge GEOGRAPHY P 96 MOW

Mowforth, M. and Munt, M. 2003. Tourism and sustainability: development and new tourism

in the Third World. 2nd (ed.) London: Routledge GEOGRAPHY P 96 MOW

Pandey, R. M., Chettri, P., Kunwar, R. R., and Ghimire, G. 1995. Case study on the effects of

tourism on culture and the environment Nepal. UNSECO: Bangkok

MAS/Site Management themes/Cultural tourism/UNESCO/Nepal1995.pdf

Prentice, R. 1993. Tourism and Heritage Attractions. London: Routledge AG PRE

Rojek, C. 2000. Leisure and culture. London: MacMillan

Shackley, M. (ed.) 2000. Visitor Management. Case Studies from World Heritage Sites.

Oxford: Butterworth-Heineman, AG SHA

Shackley, M. 2001. Managing sacred sites: service provision and visitor experience. London:

Continuum AH SHA

Soubert, S. and Hay, S. L. 1995. Case study on the effects of tourism on culture and the

environment: Cambodia. UNSECO: Bangkok

MAS/Site Management themes/Cultural tourism/UNESCO/tourism in asia1995.pdf

http://www.icomos.org/tourism/tourism_charter.html


Sullivan, H. (ed.) 1984. Visitors to aboriginal sites: access, control and management.

Proceedings of the 1983 Kakadu workshop. Canberra: Australian National Parks and Wildlife

Service UNCLASSIFIED

ten Brink, B. 1991. The AMOEBA Approach as a Useful Tool for Establishing Sustainable

Development?, in Kuik, O. & Verbruggen, H. (eds) In Search of Indicators of Sustainable

Development. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 71–88 GEOGRAPHY KC 72 KUI

Thorn, A. and Piper, A. 1996. The Isle of the Dead: an integrated approach to the

management and natural protection of an archaeological site. In Roy, A. and Smith, P. (eds)


Copenhagen Congress, 26-30 August 1996. London: International Institute for Conservation

188-92 LA Qto ROY

Wahab, S. and Pigram, J. 1997. Tourism, Development and Growth - The Challenge of

Sustainability. London: Routledge GEOGRAPHY H 96 WAH

Journals: Annals of Tourism Research, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Tourism Economics,

Tourism Management

Session 25 (seminar): Cultural resource management in developing countries: by

whom, for whom? (Class-led)

Details will be distributed on Moodle in advance.

Session 26 (lecture): Case study: The Kasubi Tombs and heritage management in

Uganda (Andrew Reid)

On the night of 16th

/17th March 2010, the Kasubi Tombs, Uganda’s sole cultural World

Heritage site was entirely consumed by fire. This lecture will introduce the significance of the

site, explore its management and consider the issues that are being tackled in the process of

reconstruction that is on-going. This enables us to consider several broader issues relating to

ownership of cultural property and the notion of authenticity. On the latter point, authenticity

is particularly relevant since the site itself is more a feature of colonial times than of the

period prior to the arrival of Europeans. Does this matter? Consideration will also be given to

other elements impacting heritage management in Uganda, which offers important insights

into the pressures and requirements of managing heritage in a developing country.

Key reading:

Kigongo R. and Reid, A, 2007. Local communities, politics and the management of the

Kasubi tombs, Uganda. World Archaeology 39 (3): 371-384.

Reid A. 2002. Recent archaeological discoveries in Buganda and their implications for

Archaeological Heritage Management. Uganda Journal 48: 87-103.

You can access an interview Andrew Reid did with the BBC World Service the day after the

Kasubi Tombs were destroyed by fire:

http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/news/2010/03/100317_uganda_nh_sl.shtml

Further reading:

http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/news/2010/03/100317_uganda_nh_sl.shtml


Gutkind, P. C. W. 1963. The Royal Capital of Buganda. The Hague: Mouton. STORES 680

QQ 128 GUT

Munjeri, D. 2004. Anchoring African cultural and natural heritage: the significance of local

community awareness in the context of capacity-building. In E. de Merode, R. Smeets and C.

Westrik (eds). Linking Universal and Local Values: Managing a Sustainable Future for

World Heritage. Paris: UNESCO, pp. 75-80 MAS/Organisations/UNESCO/World Heritage

Series n°13

Ndoro, W. 2001. Your Monument, Our Shrine: The Preservation of Great Zimbabwe.

Uppsala: Uppsala University. DCE Qto NDO & Issue Desk NDO

Ndoro, W. 2004. Traditional and customary heritage systems: nostalgia or reality? The

implications of managing heritage sites in Africa. In E. de Merode, R. Smeets and C. Westrik

(eds). Linking Universal and Local Values: Managing a Sustainable Future for World

Heritage. Paris: UNESCO, pp. 81-4. MAS/UNESCO/World Heritage Series n°13

Ranger, T. 1983. The invention of tradition in colonial Africa. In E. J. Hobsbawm and T.

Ranger (eds). The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 211-

62. BD HOB

Ray, B. C. 1991. Myth, Ritual and Kingship in Buganda. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Reid, A. and Ashley, C. 2007. A context for the Luzira Head. Antiquity 82: 99-112.

Robertshaw P. and Kamuhangire, E.R. 1996. The present in the past: archaeological sites, oral

traditions, shrines and politics in Uganda. In G. Pwiti and R. Soper (eds) Aspects of African

Archaeology. Harare: University of Zimbabwe Press, pp739-744. DC 100 PWI

Session 27 (seminar): Our role in post-conflict reconstruction (Class-led)

How can we seek to protect archaeological sites during times of conflict? What measures can

be adopted and how are these implemented in the aftermath of war? What are the

complexities of organising protection? How can we develop practice?

Key reading:

Barakat, S. and Wardell, G. 2005. After the Conflict: Reconstructions and Redevelopment in

the Aftermath of War. London: I. B. Tauris. TOWN PLANNING A 30 AFT

Barakat, S. 2007. Postwar reconstruction and the recovery of cultural heritage: critical lessons

from the last fifteen years, in Stanley Price, N. (ed) 26-39. Rome: ICCROM

AG STA

Layton, R., Stone, P., and Thomas, J. (eds.) 2001. Destruction and Conservation of Cultural

Property. Routledge. AG LAY

Stanley Price, N. (ed.) 2007. Cultural Heritage in Postwar Recovery. Rome: ICCROM.

AG STA and MAS

Especially: Barakat, S. 2007. Postwar reconstruction and the recovery of cultural

heritage: critical lessons from the last fifteen years, in Stanley Price, N. (ed.) 26-39.

Rome: ICCROM.


Stone, P. and Bajjaly, J. F. (eds) 2008. The destruction of cultural heritage in Iraq.

Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer DBB 100 STO

Further reading:

Atkinson, J. A., Banks, I., and O'Sullivan, J. (eds.) 1996. Nationalism and Archaeology.

Glasgow: Cruithne Press. AG ATK

Chamberlain, K. 2005. War and Cultural Heritage: An Analysis of the Hague Convention for

the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict. (2nd) Leicester: Institute

of Art & Law AG 20 CHA

Chapman, J. 1994. Destruction of a common heritage: the archaeology of war in Croatia,

Bosnia and Hercegovina, Antiquity 68: 120-126.

Charlesworth, E. 2006. Architects without frontiers: war, reconstruction and design

responsibility. Oxford: Elsevier Architectural. ARCHITECTURE A 77 CHA

Curtis, J (2011) Archaeology and cultural heritage in war zones, in Curtis, J, Fulford, M.

Harding, A. and Reynolds, F. (eds) History for the taking?, 55-76. London: British Academy

MAS/Site Management Themes/Conflict/History for the taking.pdf

Curtis, J, Fulford, M, Harding, A, & Reynolds, F (2011) History for the taking? London:

British Academy

Kohl, P. L. and Fawcett, C. (eds.) 1995. Nationalism, politics and the practice of

archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. AG KOH

Maniscalco, F. (ed) 2007. World Heritage and War. Naples: Massa



Coast Press. AG MCM

Meskell, L. (ed) 1998. Archaeology under fire: Nationalism, politics and heritage in the

Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. London: Routledge AG MES

Meskell, L. 2002. Negative heritage and past mastering in archaeology, Anthropological

Quarterly 75(3): 557-574.

Naccache, A. 1998. Beirut's memorycide, in Meskell, L. (ed.) Archaeology under fire.

Nationalism, politics and heritage in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East, 140-158.

London: Routledge. AG MES

Rothfield, L. (ed) 2008. Antiquities under siege: cultural heritage protection after the Iraq

war. Plymouth: Altamira Press AG 20 ROT

Rush, L. (ed) 2010. Archaeology, cultural property, and the military. Woodbridge: Boydell

AG RUS

Schofield, J. 2009. Aftermath. Readings in the Archaeology of Recent Conflict. Springer.

Silberman, N. A. 1989. Between Past and Present: Archaeology, Ideology and Nationalism in

the Middle East. New York: Holt. ANTHROPOLOGY PA 95 SIL


Tunbridge, J. and Ashworth, G. 1995. Dissonant Heritage: the management of the past as a

resource in conflict. Chichester: Wiley. AG TUN

Wegener, C. and Otter, M. 2008. Cultural Property at War: Protecting Heritage during Armed

Conflict, Conservation. The Getty Conservation Institute Newsletter 23(1): 4-9. MAS

See also papers in MAS/Site Management Themes/Conflict

Session 28 (lecture & discussion): Council of Europe and the Valletta convention

(Adrian Olivier)

The European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage (Revised), better

known as the Valletta Convention or the Malta Convention (1992), raised numerous issues

regarding the management of archaeological resources in Europe. It aims to protect the

European archaeological heritage "as a source of European collective memory and as an

instrument for historical and scientific study. All remains and objects and any other traces of

humankind from past times are considered to be elements of the archaeological heritage. The

archaeological heritage shall include structures, constructions, groups of buildings, developed

sites, moveable objects, monuments of other kinds as well as their context, whether situated

on land or under water" (Article 1).

The Convention is an international legally binding treaty within Europe. It places the revised

Convention in the framework of activities of the Council of Europe concerning the cultural

heritage since the European Cultural Convention came into force.

The key messages are described on the CoE website

(http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/heritage/archeologie/valletta_pres_EN.asp).

Monitoring and enforcement represent a major challenge and tis session will discuss the way

forward.

Key reading:

European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage (Revised). 1992.

Valletta. Available at: http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/143.htm

Willems, W.J.H. 2007. The Work of Making Malta: the Council of Europe's Archaeology and

Planning Committee 1988-1996. European Journal of Archaeology,10: 57-71

Willems, W.J.H. & van der Dries, M. 2007. Quality Management in Archaeology. Oxford:

Oxbow Books AG WIL

Young, C. 2001. English Heritage position statement on the Valletta Convention [Online],

Available: http://www.independents.org.uk/the-valletta-report/english-heritage-position-

statement

Further reading:

Deeben, J., Groenewoudt, B.J., Hallewas, D.P. and Willems, W.J.H. 1999. Proposals for a

practical system of significance evaluation in archaeological heritage management. European

Journal of Archaeology 2(2), 177-199. PERS

http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/heritage/archeologie/valletta_pres_EN.asp

http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/143.htm

http://www.independents.org.uk/the-valletta-report/english-heritage-position-statement

http://www.independents.org.uk/the-valletta-report/english-heritage-position-statement


Willems, W. J. H. 1998. Archaeology and Heritage Management in Europe: Trends and

Developments, European Journal of Archaeology 1(3): 293-311

Session 29 (seminar): Conservation or visitors? (Class-led)


Session 30 (lecture): Risk and disaster management (Tim Williams)

Discussion of the need for Risk and Disaster Management, and their impact on long-term

archaeological site management planning. The session will consider issues and approaches at

archaeological sites.

A practical exercise in risk assessment will be undertaken.

Key reading:

Meir, H., Petzet, M. and Will, T. (eds). 2007. Heritage at Risk: Risk preparedness and the

limits of prevention. Paris: ICOMOS. Available at:

http://www.international.icomos.org/risk/2007/natural_disasters/HR_Special_2007_Disasters

_ebook_20091116.pdf

Menegazzi, C. (ed) 2008. International workshop on disaster risk reduction at World

Heritage properties: proceedings Olympia, Greece, 6th-7th November 2008. ICCROM

MAS/Site Management Themes/ Disaster & Risk Management/

Olympia_Proceedings_2009.pdf

Stovel, H. 1998. Risk Preparedness: A Management Manual for World Cultural Heritage.

Rome, ICCROM. Available at:

http://www.iccrom.org/pdf/ICCROM_17_RiskPreparedness_en.pdf

UNESCO/ICCROM/ICOMOS/IUCN 2010. Managing Disaster Risks for World Heritage.

Paris: UNESCO MAS/Organisations/UNESCO/Disaster_risks.pdf

Further reading:

Feilden, B. 1987. Between Two Earthquakes; Cultural Property in Seismic Zones. Rome/Los

Angeles: ICCROM/Getty Conservation Institute. LC FEI

Feilden, B.M. and Jokilehto, J. (2nd ed.) 1998. Management Guidelines for World Cultural

Heritage Sites. Rome: ICCROM. AG FEI

ICOMOS. Risk Preparedness; Heritage at Risk. Bibliography. Paris: UNESCO-ICOMOS

Documentation Centre. Available at:

http://www.international.icomos.org/centre_documentation/bib/riskpreparedness.pdf

Menegazzi, C. (ed) 2004. Cultural Heritage Disaster Preparedness and Response.

Proceedings of International Symposium held at Salar Jung Museum, Hyderabad, India, 23–

27 November 2003. Paris: ICOM. Available at:

http://icom.museum/disaster_preparedness_book/copyright.pdf

http://www.international.icomos.org/risk/2007/natural_disasters/HR_Special_2007_Disasters_ebook_20091116.pdf

http://www.international.icomos.org/risk/2007/natural_disasters/HR_Special_2007_Disasters_ebook_20091116.pdf

http://www.iccrom.org/pdf/ICCROM_17_RiskPreparedness_en.pdf

http://www.international.icomos.org/centre_documentation/bib/riskpreparedness.pdf

http://icom.museum/disaster_preparedness_book/copyright.pdf


Session 31 (seminar): The role of archaeological excavation in managing

archaeological sites (Class-led)

“As excavation always implies the necessity of making a selection of evidence to be

documented and preserved at the cost of losing other information and possibly even

the total destruction of the monument, a decision to excavate should only be taken

after thorough consideration.

Excavation should be carried out on sites and monuments threatened by development,

land-use change, looting, or natural deterioration.

In exceptional cases, unthreatened sites may be excavated to elucidate research

problems or to interpret them more effectively for the purpose of presenting them to

the public. In such cases excavation must be preceded by thorough scientific

evaluation of the significance of the site. Excavation should be partial, leaving a

portion undisturbed for future research.”

(Article 5) ICOMOS Charter for the protection and management of the

archaeological heritage (1990)

Browse some of these:

Barrett, J. (ed.) 1995. Some Challenges in Contemporary Archaeology. Oxford: Oxbow

Books AH BAR

Biddle, M. 1994. What Future for British Archaeology? Oxford: Oxbow AG BID

Bishop, M. 1994. Research - Holy Grail or Sacred Cow? The Field Archaeologist 21, 425- 27

PERS

Carver, M. 1999. Field archaeology. In Barker, G. and Grant, A. (ed.) Companion

Encyclopaedia of Archaeology. London: Routledge, 128-81 AH BAR

Doumas, C. 1998. Excavation and Rescue Operations: What to Preserve and Why, Museum

International 50(2): 6-9

Frankel, D. 1993. The excavator: creator or destroyer? Antiquity 67, 875-77

PERS

Lipe, W. D. 1996. In defence of digging. Archaeological preservation as a means, not an end.

CRM 19(7), 23-27. Teaching Collection 1860

Palmer, R., and Cox, C. 1993. Uses of Aerial Photography in Archaeological Evaluations.

Birmingham, Institute of Field Archaeologists Technical Papers No. 12 AL 21 PAL

Session 32 (lecture): Archaeological sites with in-situ mosaics: challenges and

issues in conservation and display (John Stewart, English Heritage)

There is a long history of mosaic conservation on archaeological sites, with a variety of

strategies from reburial, through sheltering, to lifting and display. Sometimes they have been


treated as integral parts of an archaeological landscape, but often as objects of art. How

should we approach such sites?

Key reading:

Alarcâo, A, Correia, V H, and Beloto, C (eds) (1994) Conservation, protection, presentation.

Fifth conference of the International Committee for the Conservation of Mosaics,

proceedings/actas, Faro and Conimbriga . Lisbon: Instituto Português de Museus

KN 6 MOS

Mora, P (1995) Conservation of excavated Intonaco, stucco and mosaics, in Stanley Price, N

(ed) Conservation on Archaeological Excavations, with particular reference to the

Mediterranean area, 91-100. Rome: ICCROM

Podany, J, Agnew, N, & Demas, M (1993) Preservation of excavated mosaics by reburial:

evaluation of some traditional and newly developed materials and techniques, Proceedings

5th Conference of the International Committee for the Conservation of Mosaics, Faro and

Conimbriga, Portugal, 1-19 KN6 MOS

Roby, T, C. 1995. Site conservation during excavation: treatment of masonry, wall plaster and

floor mosaic remains of a Byzantine church in Petra, Jordon. Conservation and Management

of Archaeological Sites 1(1), 45-57. PERS

Further reading:

The Getty Conservation Institute and the Israel Antiquities Authority 2003. Illustrated

Glossary: Mosaics In Situ Project. PDF format at


Site visit IV: Battle Abbey & Lullingstone Roman villa


Session 33 (seminar): Approaches to landscape interpretation (Class-led)


Session 34: (lecture): Managing rural archaeological sites (Vince Holyoak,

English Heritage)

Rural environment resent different and specific challenges to managing archaeological sites

and landscapes. Agricultural activities, the scale of the area and the difficulties of site

identification are just some of the factors.

The growing role of landscape management.

«The landscape … has an important role in the cultural, ecological, environmental

and social fields, and … contributes to the formation of local cultures and … is a

basic component of the natural and cultural heritage, … is an important part of the



quality of life for people everywhere: in urban areas and in the countryside, in

degraded areas as well as in areas of high quality, in areas recognised as being of

outstanding beauty as well as everyday areas; … is a key element of individual and

social well-being and … its protection, management and planning entail rights and

responsibilities for everyone»

From the Preamble to the European Landscape Convention, Florence, 20 October

2000.

European Landscape Convention, Florence 20/10/2000 European Treaty Series - No. 176)

http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-

operation/Environment/Landscape/Presentation/9_Text/02_Convention_EN.asp#TopOfPage

See also the Council of Europe site at:

www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/Environment/Landscape

And the Pathways to Cultural Landscapes site at: www.pcl-eu.de

Key Reading:

Carver, E. (ed.) 2004. Modern views - ancient lands: new work and thought on cultural

landscapes, Oxford: Archaeopress DAA Qto Series BRI 377

Fowler, P. J. 2004. Landscapes for the World: conserving a global heritage. Macclesfield:

Windgather Press AG FOW

Howard, P. J. 2011. An introduction to landscape. Farnham: Ashgate

GEOGRAPHY H 10 HOW

Morris, R. 2002. Reshaping the Landscape/Rethinking the Land. RSA Lecture.

MAS/Organisations/English Heritage/morris_31jan02.pdf

Trow, S. 2002. The Countryside at the Crossroads. Conservation Bulletin 42, 4-9

MAS/Organisations/English Heritage/CB 42 2002 countryside_crossroads.pdf

Whelan, Y. and Moore, N. 2006. Heritage, Memory and the Politics of Identity: New

Perspectives on the Cultural Landscape. Ashgate. ARCHITECTURE B 20 MOO

Further reading:

Akagawa, N. and Sirisrisak, T. 2008. Cultural Landscapes in Asia and the Pacific:

Implications of the World Heritage Convention, International Journal of Heritage Studies

14(2): 176-191.

Box, P. 1999. GIS and cultural resource management: a manual for heritage managers,

Bangkok: UNESCO AH BOX

Bretherton, J. 2002. Advice on archaeology. Countryside Archaeology Advisors.

Conservation Bulletin 42, 56-7

MAS/Organisations/English Heritage/CB 42 2002 advice_archaeology.pdf

Clark, J., Darlington, J., and Fairclough, G. 2004. Using Historic Landscape

Characterisation. English Heritage & Lancashire County Council AG Qto CLA

http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/Environment/Landscape/Presentation/9_Text/02_Convention_EN.asp#TopOfPage

http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/Environment/Landscape/Presentation/9_Text/02_Convention_EN.asp#TopOfPage

http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/Environment/Landscape

http://www.pcl-eu.de/


Droste, B V, Plachter, H & Rossler, M (eds) 1995. Cultural landscapes of universal value,

Germany: Gustav Fisher Verlag AG 20 DRO

English Heritage 2002. Caring for heritage on your farm. The Entry Level Scheme and

historic features. English Heritage MAS/Organisations/English

Heritage/Entry_Level_Agri_Env.pdf

English Heritage 2002. Coastal defence: Caring for our coastal heritage. English Heritage

leaflet MAS/Organisations English Heritage/coastal_defence.pdf

English Heritage 2009. Capitalising on the inherited landscape. An introduction to historic

characterisation for master planning. English Heritage

Fairclough, G. 2002. Cultural Landscape; the view from Europe. Conservation Bulletin 42

MAS/Organisations/English Heritage/CB 42 2002 cultural_landscape.pdf

Fairclough, G. (ed.) 2002. Europe's cultural landscape: archaeologists and the management

of change. Brussels, Belgium: Europae Archaiologiae Consilium AG Qto FA

Fowler, P. J. 2003. World Heritage Cultural Landscapes 1992-2002. UNESCO: Paris

MAS/Organisations/UNESCO/Misc/Fowler cultural landscapes.pdf

Grenville, J. (ed.) 1999. Managing the historic rural environment. London: Routledge

AG GRE

Hodges, R & Martin, S 2000. Protecting a 'homeric landscape'. The making of the Burtrint

National Park, Albania, Conservation and management of archaeological sites 4, 185-188

Howard, P J 2011. An introduction to landscape. Farnham: Ashgate

GEOGRAPHY H 10 HOW


introduction. 2nd edition. Stroud: Sutton AG HUN

IIles, R. 1991. Conservation archaeology on the North York Moors, in White, R F & Iles, R

(eds) Archaeology in National Parks. York. National Parks Staff, 28-34 DAA 100 WHI

Ingle, C 2011. Aerial archaeology in Essex: the role of the National Mapping Programme in

interpreting the landscape. Chelmsford: Historic Environment, Essex County Council

DAA Qto Series EAA 136

Lennon, J., Egloff, B., Davey, A. & Taylor, K. 1999. Conserving the cultural values of

natural areas: a discussion paper. Australian ICOMOS MAS/Organisations/Australian

ICOMOS/Conserving the Cultural Values of Natural Areas.pdf

Lozny, L. R. (ed.) 2006. Landscapes under pressure: theory and practice of cultural heritage

research and preservation. New York: Springer AG LOZ

Mattingly, D. J., McLaren, S., Savage, E., al'Fasatwi, Y. and Gadgood, K. (eds.) 2006. The

Libyan Desert: Natural Resources and Cultural Heritage. Society for Libyan Studies

Meier, T. (ed.) 2006. Landscape Ideologies. Budapest: Archaeolingua

Olivier, A. 2002. England’s wetlands. Monuments at risk. Conservation Bulletin 42, 40-45

MAS/Organisations/English Heritage/CB 42 2002 wetlands.pdf


Roberts, P. and Trow, S. 2002. Taking to the Water: English Heritage’s initial policy for the

management of maritime archaeology in England. English Heritage

MAS/Organisations/English Heritage/maritime.pdf

Roca, Z., Claval, P., and Agnew, J. (eds) 2011. Landscapes, identities and development.

Farnham: Ashgate SCIENCE

Smith, K. 1999. Sustainable Landscape Management: Peak practice and theory, in Grenville,

J. (ed.) Managing the Historic Rural Landscape, Routledge, 111-117 AG GRE

Smout, T. C. (ed.) 2002. Understanding the historical landscape in its environmental setting,

Dalkeith, Scotland: Scottish Cultural Press DAA 100 SMO

Stout, G 2002. Newgrange and the bend of the Boyne. Cork: Cork University Press

DAA 710 Qto STO

UNESCO 2003. Cultural Landscapes: the Challenges of Conservation. Workshop 11-12

November 2002, Ferrara – Italy. UNESCO: Paris

MAS/Organisations/UNESCO/Misc/Cultural landscapes the challenges of conservation.pdf

Session 35 (lecture): Case study: Cathedrals: places of worships & historic

buildings. Marrying different values (Anne Locke, Church of England)

This lecture will explore the background to the ecclesiastical planning system in the UK, and

then examine some case studies focusing on cathedral sites. This will be followed by some

practical exercises and a discussion.

Key reading:

See the ChurchCare website www.churchcare.co.uk

Especially the Cathedrals section and glossary http://www.churchcare.co.uk/about-

us/glossary

The Cathedrals Fabric Commission short report & statistic:

http://www.churchcare.co.uk/images/CATHEDRALS_STATS_2012_-

_Web_Version_SMALL_FILE_450KB.pdf

A lot of the values expressed by cathedral stakeholder are set out in the research report

‘Spiritual Capital’: http://www.theosthinktank.co.uk/publications/2012/10/12/spiritual-

capital-the-present-and-future-of-english-cathedrals

Further reading:

English Heritage 2009. Creativity and care: new works in English cathedrals. English

Heritage MAS/Organisations/English Heritage/Cathedrals/creativity-and-care (to parts)

Shackley, M. 2001. Managing sacred sites: service provision and visitor experience. London:

Continuum AH SHA

http://www.churchcare.co.uk/

http://www.churchcare.co.uk/about-us/glossary

http://www.churchcare.co.uk/about-us/glossary

http://www.churchcare.co.uk/images/CATHEDRALS_STATS_2012_-_Web_Version_SMALL_FILE_450KB.pdf

http://www.churchcare.co.uk/images/CATHEDRALS_STATS_2012_-_Web_Version_SMALL_FILE_450KB.pdf

http://www.theosthinktank.co.uk/publications/2012/10/12/spiritual-capital-the-present-and-future-of-english-cathedrals

http://www.theosthinktank.co.uk/publications/2012/10/12/spiritual-capital-the-present-and-future-of-english-cathedrals


Session 36 (lecture): Management of archaeological resources in the coastal zone

(Joe Flatman)

The coastal zone provides a major challenge, and opportunity, for the management of

archaeological resources. Often a rich area for research, with coastal installations and

changing sea levels, it is increasingly under threat from climate change and “managed

retreats”. How should we approach the management of this resource? What is the balance

between documentation and conservation, especially when the latter can be very expensive?

How can it be integrated in other concerns, such as environmental protection?

Key reading:

English Heritage, Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England 1996.

England's coastal heritage: a statement on the management of coastal archaeology. London:

English Heritage AG Qto ENG

Flatman, J. (ed.) 2009. Special issue on maritime heritage, Conservation and Management of

Archaeological Sites 11.1

Fulford, M, Champion, T and Long, A 1997. England's coastal heritage: a survey for English

Heritage and the RCHME, London: English Heritage; Royal Commission on the Historical

Monuments of England DAA 410 Qto FUL


introduction. 2nd edition. Stroud: Sutton, especially chapter 7 AG HUN

Roberts, P. and Trow, S. 2002. Taking to the Water: English Heritage’s Initial Policy for the

Management of Maritime Archaeology in England. Downloadable from: http://www.english-

heritage.org.uk/upload/pdf/maritime_arch_policy.pdf

Further reading:

DEFRA 2006. Shoreline Management Plan Guidance, HMSO

Dromgode, S. (ed) 2006. The protection of the underwater cultural heritage: national

perspectives in light of the UNESCO Convention 2001. (2nd

edition) Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff

AG 20 DRO

Grenier, R., Nutley, D., and Cochran, I. (eds) 2006. Underwater cultural heritage at risk:

managing natural and human impacts. Munich: ICOMOS

Howard, P. and Pinder, D. 2003. Cultural heritage and sustainability in the coastal zone:

experiences in south west England, Journal of Cultural Heritage 4(1), 57-68

Session 37 (practical): Statements of significance (Tim Williams)

A practical session looking at the background, aims and construction of Statements of

Significance, in advance of the third piece of coursework.

http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/upload/pdf/maritime_arch_policy.pdf

http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/upload/pdf/maritime_arch_policy.pdf


Session 38 (lecture): The Silk Roads - a case study in a serial trans-boundary

nomination strategies (Tim Williams)

Representivity on the World Heritage list has become a major issue. In 1996, the World

Heritage Committee launched the Global Strategy for a Representative, Balanced and

Credible World Heritage List: the aim was to ensure that the List reflects the world's cultural

and natural diversity of outstanding universal value

One approach to addressing unrepresented regions was to develop large-scale serial

nomination projects, the largest of which is the Silk Roads project across Asia to the

Mediterranean. This lecture will explore the role of the ICOMOS thematic study, the

development of a nomination strategy and approaches to working on trans-boundary and

serial nominations (which require very different strategies to sites within a single State Party

boundary). The lecture will explore the strengths and weaknesses of such approaches.

Key reading:

Ashworth, G.J. and van der Aa, B.J.M. 2006. Strategy and policy for the World Heritage

Convention: goals, practices and future solutions. In Leask, A. and Fyall, A. (eds.) Managing

World Heritage Sites. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 147-158 AG LEA

Jokilehto, J. (with contributions from Henry Cleere, Susan Denyer and Michael Petzet) 2005.

The World Heritage list: filling the gaps: an action plan for the future. Paris: ICOMOS

AG Qto JOK

UNESCO 1996. Global Strategy for a Representative, Balanced and Credible World Heritage

List. Paris: UNESCO See various documents in MAS/Organisations/UNESCO/Global

Strategy

UNESCO. 2010. UNESCO World Heritage: Serial Properties and Nominations.

International Expert Meeting on World Heritage and Serial Properties and Nominations,

Ittingen, Switzerland, 25-27 February 2010. UNESCO MAS/Organisations/UNESCO/

Ittingen/Expert_Meeting_Ittingen_Serial_nominations_and_properties.pdf

Session 39 (lecture): Management context, monitoring & evaluating (Tim

Williams)

The wider context of management plans, including financial management, will be explored.

Tools and techniques to evaluate the implementation of the management plan. Modifications

to the plan may be introduced as a result of this evaluation. Examples of improvements and

responses to problems identified during the evaluation process.

Key reading:



East and North Africa. Washington: The World Bank, 41-55. Available at:


MacLean, F. 2009. Heritage Marketing Management. London: Routledge on order

World Bank & UNESCO 1999. Florence conference on Culture and Sustainable

Development. MAS/Site Management themes/Cultural tourism/Florence/ {various files}



World Bank 1999. Summary report of the World Bank cultural site management workshop,

26-30 April 1999. Sustainable Developments 24(5), 1-10 MAS/Site Management

themes/Cultural tourism/WB/sustainable development workshop.pdf

World Bank 2001. Cultural Heritage and Development. A Framework for Action in the

Middle East and North Africa. World Bank: Washington MAS/Site Management

themes/Cultural tourism/WB/CH in ME and NA.pdf

See the World Bank website at: http://web.worldbank.org/

Session 40: Conclusions & review (Tim Williams)

http://web.worldbank.org/


10 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

10.1 Communication

The primary channel of communication within the Institute of Archaeology is e-mail. If you

wish to be contacted on your personal or work e-mail address, please arrange for e-mail sent

to your UCL address to be forwarded to your other address, since staff and other students will

expect to be able to reach you through your College e-mail, which they can find on the UCL

web-site. Students must consult their e-mail regularly, as well as the student pigeon-holes in

the Basement Common Room for written communications. Please also ensure that you keep

your contact details (especially your telephone number) up to date on Portico, in case you

need to be contacted.

10.2 Attendance

Registers will be taken at all classes, and Departments are required to report the attendance of

each student to UCL Registry at frequent intervals throughout each term. If you are unable to

attend a class, please email the course co-ordinator to explain, in order to ensure that there is a

record of the reasons for your absence.

It is a College regulation that attendance at lectures, seminars and practicals be monitored. A

70% minimum attendance at all scheduled sessions is required (excluding absences due to

illness or other adverse circumstances, provided that these are supported by medical

certificates or other documentation, as appropriate).

Students should also be aware that potential employers seeking references often ask about

attendance and other indications of reliability.

10.3 Information for intercollegiate and interdepartmental students

Students enrolled in Departments outside the Institute should collect hard copy of the

Institute’s coursework guidelines from Judy Medrington’s office (411A).

10.4 Libraries and other resources

In addition to the Library of the Institute of Archaeology, other libraries in UCL with

holdings of particular relevance to this course are the Anthropology and Bartlett libraries.

10.5 Dyslexia

If you have dyslexia or any other disability, please make your lecturers aware of this. Please

discuss with your lecturers whether there is any way in which they can help you. Students

with dyslexia are reminded to indicate this on each piece of coursework.

10.6 Health and Safety

The Institute has a Health and Safety policy and code of practice which provides guidance on

laboratory work, etc. This is revised annually and the new edition will be issued in due

course. All work undertaken in the Institute is governed by these guidelines and students have

a duty to be aware of them and to adhere to them at all times. This is particularly important in

the context of the laboratory/field/placement work which will be undertaken as part of your

degree.


10.7 Feedback

In trying to make this course as effective as possible, we welcome feedback during the course

of the year. Students will be asked to fill-in Progress Forms at the end of each term, which the

Degree Co-ordinator will discuss with them, which include space for comment on each of

their courses.

At the end of each course all students are asked to give their views on the course in an

anonymous questionnaire, which will be circulated at one of the last sessions of the course.

These questionnaires are taken seriously and help the Course Co-ordinator to develop the

course. The summarised responses are considered by the Degree Co-ordinator, the Institute's

Staff-Student Consultative Committee, Teaching Committee, and by the Faculty Teaching

Committee.

If students are concerned about any aspect of a specific course, we hope they will feel able to

talk to the relevant Course Co-ordinator, but if they feel this is not appropriate, or have more

general concerns, they should consult their Personal Tutor, Academic Administrator (Judy

Medrington), or the Chair of Teaching Committee (Dr. Karen Wright).


APPENDIX 1: USB FLASH DRIVE

Introduction

There are six areas on the USB flash drive:

1. Charters: copies of some of the major charters, international conventions, etc.

relevant to our topic.

2. Management Plans: a variety of plans, not all archaeological, from around the world.

3. Organisations: material, often policy or guidance documents, organised by specific

organisations (e.g. UNESCO, ICOMOS, English Heritage).

4. Regional papers: some papers relating to specific parts of the world, and within those

sometimes to specific countries.

5. Site Management themes: papers organised by topics, such as Archaeological Parks,

Buffer zones, Ethics, etc.

6. Workshops: some papers relating to specific workshops and/or approaches to

workshops.

Some of the papers on this drive are referenced in the main handbook reading (indicated by

the orange references which tell you which directory to look in (e.g. MAS/Site Management

themes/Cultural tourism/Florence/ {various files}), and often give the specific filename (e.g.

MAS/Site Management themes/Cultural tourism/WB/CH in ME and NA.pdf).

Browse the USB to explore its content.

Files: PDF format

Most of the files on the USB are in Portable Document Format (PDF). Adobe® Reader® XI

is free software that lets you view and print PDF files on a variety of devices and operating

systems. This is now standard on many computers including all the machines in our cluster

rooms.

You can download it for free from: http://www.adobe.com/uk/products/reader.html

Follow the instructions to download the appropriate version for your machine.

Copyright

As most of the material on this USB is copyrighted, you must observe the copyright

conditions scrupulously. These permit you to read the USB on your computer and to make

hard copies for your personal use. They do not permit you to make either copies of the USB

or hard copies for other people.

http://www.adobe.com/uk/products/reader.html

managing archaeological sites

Documents

submission deadline

late submission of coursework

methods of assessment

archaeological sites

week summary

learning outcomes

assessment tasks

ucl institute of archaeology