ManagementPast to Present

CLASSICAL MANAGEMENT THEORISTS

Taylor’s Scientific Management

Fayol’s Administrative Principles

Weber’s Bureaucratic Organization

The focus is moving away from Scientific Management &

productivity

The HUMAN SIDEPeople want to be social

& self-fulfilled!

BEHAVIOIURAL MANAGEMENT THEORISTS

Mayo’s Hawthorne Studies

Maslow’s Theory of Human Needs

McGregor’s Theory of X & Theory Y

Argyris’ Theory of Adult Personality

…at the same time HR approaches were being developed

Others were investigating

QUANTITATIVE MANAGEMENT APPROACHES

QUANTITATIVE MANAGEMENT APPROACHES

Applying mathematical techniques to management problems

Focus on rational decision making

Techniques use “economic” decision criteria, such as costs, revenues & return on investment

Mathematical solutions should be used to “support” NOT replace good managerial judgement!

MODERN MANAGEMENT APPROACHES

build upon the foundations of classical, HR & quantitative ideas

People are complex…their needs vary over time…they possess a range of talents

& capabilities that can be continually developed

Belief

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MODERN MANAGEMENT THEORIES

ORGANIZATIONS AS SYSTEMS

CONTINGENCY THINKING

LEARNING ORGANIZATIONS

ORGANIZATIONS AS SYSTEMS

High performance by the organization as a whole occurs only when each subsystem both performs its tasks well and works well in co-operation with others.

It’s the organization’s managers responsibilities to make this coordinated action possible!

KEY no one theory applies universally in all situations or to the exclusion of others

Match the managerial response to the problems & opportunities in different settings

There is NO “one best way” … what may be a good structure for one organization, may not work well for another… OR, what has worked in the past may not suit the future

CONTINGENCY THINKING

LEARNING ORGANIZATIONS

continuously change & improve, using the lessons of experience

KEYS learning is encouraged & made available to everyone…emphasis on information sharing, teamwork, empowerment & participation.

Leaders in learning organizations set an example for others by embracing change