Management studies notes

1-Organization-place where people works for a common purpose and to achieve a specific goal

2-management-management is the process of working with and through others to achieve a desired goal

3-Management as science

A=systematic body of knowledge-management is systematic body of knowledge as it is base on “cause and affect” relationship

B=based on experiments-scientific principles are first developed through observations and then tested through experiments.

C=universal validity-scientific principles have universal validity and applications.4-management as art

A=theoretical body of knowledge

B=personalized application-application of management varies from person to person,because everyone have different way of applying things.

C=based on creativity-now a days each and every person/manager wants to be creative because they want to create something which never existed in the market5-universality of management-management is needed in all type of organizations either profit or non profit organization,no matter wherever they are locatedmangement is required in all type,level of organizations

6-level of management-:

A=top level management-consist of senior most executives of a firm such as CEO,CMO,CFO,COO.they are basically responsible for framing policies of organization and future goals of organization.

B=middle level management-consist of managers of different level they are link between top management an lower management,and they divide the work assigned by top management into small parts

C=lower level management-cosist of supervisors nd they are in contact with labour,and they pass the information given by top management into small parts

7-robert katz management skills are- 1=conceptual skills(top management), 2=human skill(middle management), 3=technical skills(lower management)

8-manager-managar is the person who works for the organization,manager plans about future goals of the firm,manager divides thethe big tasks into small parts and makes department,manager leads and motivates employees to achieve desired goal.manager also assured the quality of product.

9-function of management are- 1=planning, 2=organizing, 3=staffing, 4=directing, 5=controlling.

10-fw taylor scientific principles are-:

A= science not rule of thumb-according to taylor their was only one method to maximize effieciency and this method can be only developed through scientific study and analysis of each element of the job

B=harmony not, discord-management and worker should have good relations among them.the management should shar their profits with the workers and workers should wrok hard with loyality.

C=co-operation not individualism-their should be complete cooperation and mutual understanding between management and the

worker so that they can become more efficient

D=development of each and every person to his/her greatest efficiency-this means rather than assigning any duty to the worker the work work should be assigned according to the capability of an individual11-14 principles of henry fayol are-:

A=Division of work

B=Unity of direction

C=Unity of command

D=Authority/responsibility

E=Discipline

F=Stability

G=Equity

H=Remuneration

I=eSpirit-de-corps

J=initiative

K=centralization/decentralization

L=order

M=interest

N=scalar chain12-max weber’s bureaucracy

A=division of labour

B=authority

C=formal selection

D=formal rules and regulation

E=impersonality

F=carrier orientation13-hawthorne study- according to this study if a employee receive a positive attention from boss and co-workers then this can directly improve his/her performance and he can become efficient

14-quantitative approach-using quantitative techniques(mathematical,statistical,scientific) for improoving decision making and rech efficiency

15-contingency approach-same management principles are not applicable in all organizations because every organization is different they face different situation and they have different way of managing.

16-omnipotent view-according to this view success/failure of a organization totally depends on it manager

17-symbolic view according to this view success/failure of an organization totally depends upon external forces

18-components of specific environment are-:

A=customer-firm exists only for satisfying the needs of the customer but customer is related with uncertainity because taste and preference of consumer can change any tym ,consumer can esily get dis satisfied from the goods and services.

B=supplier-supply is very important for the organization and specially for a manager because if their will be in-adiquate supply then manager may face problem while taking any kind of decisions

C=competitor-competition is faced by all kind of organization either organization is profit or non profit.

D=pressure groups-these groups works for influencing the decision of organization such as -PETA 19-intrapreneur=those mangers which works of a organization for salary

20-entrepreneur=those managers which works and mages their own organization

21-national culture dimensions/hofstede culture-:

a-individualistic/collectivistic

b-high power distance/low power distance

c-high uncertainity avoidance/low uncertainity avoidance

d-achievement/nurturing

e-long term orientation/short term orientation