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Beekeeping Experience Under Beekeeping Experience Under Coconut Growing AreaCoconut Growing Area

Management Association of the Philippines Management Association of the Philippines ––AgriAgri--Business & Countryside DevelopmentBusiness & Countryside Development

February 10, 2011February 10, 2011

JOHNDOM B. DOMAGTOY JOHNDOM B. DOMAGTOY -- Coconut Coconut DevDev’’tt OfficerOfficerPhilippine Coconut AuthorityPhilippine Coconut Authority--Region IVRegion IV--AA

BrgyBrgy. . IsabangIsabang, , LucenaLucena CityCity

Beekeeping Experience under Beekeeping Experience under Coconut Growing AreaCoconut Growing AreaCALABARZON RegionCALABARZON Region

H S – Q u e z o n I IS – B a t a n g a s , C a v i t e , L a g u n a , Q u e z o nH S – Q u e z o n I IS – B a t a n g a s , C a v i t e , L a g u n a , Q u e z o n

Young

Mature

Beverage

Vinegar

Nata De Coco

Kernel

COPRA

VCO

DesiccatedCoconut

Coco Milk

Petiole

Roots

TrunkFurniture

Form Lumber

Dye

Handicrafts

Charcoal

Handicrafts

Oil

CopraMeal

Shell

Husk

Charcoal

Handicrafts

COIR

PEAT

AC

Oil forCooking Baking

Oleochemicals

Leaves

NUT

InflorescenceSap

Wine

Sugar Vinegar Lambanog

Demand & Supply Situation of Demand & Supply Situation of Coconut Products in Region IVCoconut Products in Region IV--AA

Total Supply = Total Supply = 489,669MT 489,669MT Copra/yrCopra/yrTotal Demand = Total Demand = 598,579MT 598,579MT Copra/yrCopra/yrGap : 108,910MT Gap : 108,910MT Copra/yrCopra/yr

Demand Supply

Why Raise Bees Under A Coconut Why Raise Bees Under A Coconut Growing Area?Growing Area?

Studies made by the Philippine Studies made by the Philippine Coconut AuthorityCoconut Authority’’s Research Center s Research Center explain that half of the length of the explain that half of the length of the coconut coconut spadixspadix (inflorescent) can be (inflorescent) can be tapped without significant effect on tapped without significant effect on its production of nuts. its production of nuts.

Why Raise Bees Under A Coconut Why Raise Bees Under A Coconut Growing Area?Growing Area?

A A spadixspadix has has thousands of flowerets thousands of flowerets in it, but only 10 to 15 in it, but only 10 to 15 develop into nuts. A develop into nuts. A coconut tree produces coconut tree produces an average of 1 liter of an average of 1 liter of coconut nectar per coconut nectar per day, which has 15% day, which has 15% sucrose and 5% or sucrose and 5% or more of dry matter. more of dry matter.

It can support the It can support the nectar needs per day nectar needs per day of honeybee colonies of honeybee colonies from a single coconut from a single coconut tree. tree.

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The Product

C –– COCONUTCOCONUT--BASED PRODUCTBASED PRODUCTO –– OFFERS HEALTH BENEFITSOFFERS HEALTH BENEFITSC –– CLINICALLY TESTEDCLINICALLY TESTEDO –– ORGANIC IN NATUREORGANIC IN NATURE

S –– SWEETENER FOR DIABETICSSWEETENER FOR DIABETICSA –– A TO Z NATURAL NUTRIENTSA TO Z NATURAL NUTRIENTSP –– PRESERVATIVEPRESERVATIVE--FREEFREE

S –– SOLID FORM OF COCO SAPSOLID FORM OF COCO SAPU –– UNIQUE INVERT SUGARUNIQUE INVERT SUGARG –– GLYCEMIC INDEX IS LOWGLYCEMIC INDEX IS LOWA –– ALL IN ONE SUGARALL IN ONE SUGARR –– REGULATES BLOOD SUGARREGULATES BLOOD SUGAR

Why Raise Bees Under A Coconut Why Raise Bees Under A Coconut Growing Area?Growing Area?

There are 3.1 million There are 3.1 million hectares or 27% of total hectares or 27% of total agricultural land planted agricultural land planted to coconut with 3.5 to coconut with 3.5 million coconut farmers. million coconut farmers. Majority of the 3.1 million Majority of the 3.1 million hectares of coconut hectares of coconut plantations in the plantations in the Philippines are bearing; Philippines are bearing;

Coconut trees bear Coconut trees bear flowers and fruits all yearflowers and fruits all year--round;round;

Pollen and nectar (sap) Pollen and nectar (sap) from coconut trees are from coconut trees are abundant; abundant;

Why Raise Bees Under A Why Raise Bees Under A Coconut Growing Area?Coconut Growing Area?

Honeybees, tend to build Honeybees, tend to build their colonies in coconut their colonies in coconut plantations because they plantations because they are very much attracted to are very much attracted to the taste and smell of the taste and smell of coconut nectar (sap) and coconut nectar (sap) and flower;flower;

Because of its yieldBecause of its yield--optimizing benefits, bee optimizing benefits, bee pollination can play an pollination can play an important role in important role in maintaining a sustainable maintaining a sustainable and profitable agriculture and profitable agriculture with minimized with minimized disruptions to the disruptions to the environment.environment.

Why Raise Bees Under A Why Raise Bees Under A Coconut Growing Area?Coconut Growing Area?

Therefore, coconut growing Therefore, coconut growing area is considered a sanctuary area is considered a sanctuary and/or good foraging zone for and/or good foraging zone for Honeybees. Honeybees.

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WHY RAISE HONEYBEES UNDER WHY RAISE HONEYBEES UNDER COCONUT AREAS?COCONUT AREAS?

Beekeeping under coconuts can Beekeeping under coconuts can boost the coconut farmersboost the coconut farmers’’ income income by an average of by an average of PhP100,000/ha./yr.PhP100,000/ha./yr.

With just one bee colony will be With just one bee colony will be dispersed per hectare, we will be dispersed per hectare, we will be able to generate 6.2M kg. or 6,200 able to generate 6.2M kg. or 6,200 tons of honey at an average tons of honey at an average production of 2 kg./ colony (production of 2 kg./ colony (ApisApisceranacerana). ). ApisApis melliferamellifera 62M kg of 62M kg of honey @ 20kg/colony.honey @ 20kg/colony.

WHY RAISE HONEYBEES UNDERWHY RAISE HONEYBEES UNDERCOCONUT AREAS?COCONUT AREAS?

With market value of P200/kilo (2003 With market value of P200/kilo (2003 price), therefore, we will be able to price), therefore, we will be able to generate roughly PhP1.2B (generate roughly PhP1.2B (ApisApisceranacerana), PhP12B per year domestic ), PhP12B per year domestic income;income;Mobilizes idle members of the family, Mobilizes idle members of the family, women, out of school youth;women, out of school youth;Facilitates formation of cooperatives.Facilitates formation of cooperatives.

National Impact of Apiary IndustryNational Impact of Apiary Industry(PIE)(PIE)

A. A. PPRODUCTIVITYRODUCTIVITY1.1. Increase Fruit/Vegetable yield by 30% Increase Fruit/Vegetable yield by 30%

to 70% more by natural crossto 70% more by natural cross--pollination using bees as pollinators.pollination using bees as pollinators.

2.2. Thirty three percent (33%) of Human Thirty three percent (33%) of Human Diet directly / indirectly dependent on Diet directly / indirectly dependent on insect pollinated plants.insect pollinated plants.

B. B. IINCOMENCOME

Gross Value attributed to:Gross Value attributed to:1.1. Replacement of Nitrogen from pollinated Replacement of Nitrogen from pollinated

pasture legumes (*$2.0 B)pasture legumes (*$2.0 B)2.2. US$270 million worth of honey, beeswax US$270 million worth of honey, beeswax

& other hive products& other hive products3.3. Value of Crop Production US$10 billion Value of Crop Production US$10 billion

(*$ .2 B)(*$ .2 B)* New Zealand experience* New Zealand experience

National Impact of Apiary IndustryNational Impact of Apiary Industry(PIE)(PIE)

C. C. EEMPLOYMENTMPLOYMENT1.1. SelfSelf--employment for 1 to 2 people per xx employment for 1 to 2 people per xx

hives in rural / urban villages hives in rural / urban villages ((Australia Australia --minimum of 200 hives per apiarist)minimum of 200 hives per apiarist)

2.2. Multiple effects of apiary to other Multiple effects of apiary to other sectors/linkages.sectors/linkages.

3.3. Several commercial bee farms in Canada, Several commercial bee farms in Canada, USA, New Zealand and Australia hire USA, New Zealand and Australia hire mostly Filipino beekeepers at a seasonal / mostly Filipino beekeepers at a seasonal / per hour rate. per hour rate.

National Impact of Apiary IndustryNational Impact of Apiary Industry(PIE)(PIE) Manual Pollination vs. Manual Pollination vs.

Bee PollinationBee Pollination

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Bagging of inflorescence for pollen collection

Cutting spikelets with male flowers Sterilization of Pollen

Manipulation box using 2 infra-red lamps (1000 watt per bulb)

Transferring spikelets with male flowers into the PMB Detaching male

flowers from spikelets inside PMB

Placing male flowers in paper bag

Cracking male flowers to free the pollen grains

Drying male flowers

Sieving male flowers to extract and sift pollen

Ampoule constrictorFitting ampoules on the teats of the freeze-dryer

Sealing ampoules with a blow torch

Processed pollen stored in an upright freezer

Checking pollen viability Emasculation. Male flowers are collected in a bag

A properly emasculated coconut inflorescence

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Slipping the isolation bag on the emasculated inflorescence

A properly isolated emasculated inflorescence

Pollen-talc mixing inside PMB Pollination of isolated female flowers

Activity control board indicating operations

A newly de-bagged hand-pollinated inflorescence.

After 15 years of performance evaluation, 9 hybrids and 1 local tall were recommended for the NCPRP

BAYT(AG-2)

CATD x BAOT(PCA 15-5)CATD x LAGT

(PCA 15-1) MRD x TAGT(PCA 15-2)

MRD x BAYT(PCA 15-3) CATD x TAGT

(PCA 15-4)

CATD x PYT(PCA 15-6)

MRD x PYT(PCA 15-7) TACD x BAOT

(PCA 15-8)

TACD x TAGT(PCA 15-9)

AGTA TALL(AGAT)

TAGNANAN TALL(TAGT)

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TACUNAN GREEN DWARF(TACD)

SAN RAMON TALL(SNRT)

RENNEL ISLAND TALL (GREEN)(RIT) RENNEL ISLAND TALL

(RIT)

DE GUZMAN TALL MAKAPUNO (GUZT) LAGUNA TALL(LAGT)

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PILIPOG GREEN DWARF(PILD)

MAGTUOD GREEN DWARF(MAGD)

PCA 15-1(CATD x LAGT)

PCA 15-2(MRD x TAGT)

PCA 15-9(TACD x TAGT)

PCA 15-3(MRD x BAYT)

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Why bee pollination?Why bee pollination?Pollination is a process involving the transfer of Pollination is a process involving the transfer of pollen from the anthers to the stigma. It is a pollen from the anthers to the stigma. It is a prerequisite for seed setting in flowerprerequisite for seed setting in flower--bearing plants.bearing plants.If the flower can utilize its own pollen for pollination, If the flower can utilize its own pollen for pollination, it is called it is called autogamyautogamy, and the process is self, and the process is self--pollination;pollination;If pollen comes from other flowers, it is called If pollen comes from other flowers, it is called xenogamyxenogamy, and the process is cross, and the process is cross--pollination;pollination;If the pollen comes from plants of the same If the pollen comes from plants of the same rametramet or or genet, it is considered equivalent to genet, it is considered equivalent to selfingselfing..Therefore, pollen must come from the flower of Therefore, pollen must come from the flower of plants of different plants of different rametramet or genet. or genet.

Why bee pollination?Why bee pollination?According to Keith According to Keith DelaplaneDelaplane, an Extension Service , an Extension Service entomologist with the University of Georgia College entomologist with the University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences,

““for fruitfor fruit-- or nutor nut--bearing crops, pollination bearing crops, pollination can be a grower's last chance to increase can be a grower's last chance to increase yield. Ityield. It’’s the degree and extent of s the degree and extent of pollination that dictates the maximum pollination that dictates the maximum possible number of fruits. All postpossible number of fruits. All post--pollination inputs, whether growth pollination inputs, whether growth regulators, herbicides, fungicides, or regulators, herbicides, fungicides, or insecticides, are generally designed not to insecticides, are generally designed not to increase yield but to conserve losses.increase yield but to conserve losses.””

Why bees as pollinators of crops?Why bees as pollinators of crops?

Honeybees and many other bees can Honeybees and many other bees can be utilized for pollination of crops due be utilized for pollination of crops due to their following traits:to their following traits:

1.1. They are dependent on flowers for They are dependent on flowers for pollen and nectar as their brood food;pollen and nectar as their brood food;

2.2. Their bodies are covered by hairs to Their bodies are covered by hairs to carry pollen from one flower to the carry pollen from one flower to the other. other.

Honey bees as pollinators of cropsHoney bees as pollinators of cropsTwo species of honeybees, Two species of honeybees, ApisApis melliferamellifera and and ApisApisceranacerana, have been extensively used for pollination , have been extensively used for pollination of crops due to their following traits:of crops due to their following traits:

1. These two species can be managed in artificial 1. These two species can be managed in artificial hives;hives;

2. Their abundance in the crop can be manipulated;2. Their abundance in the crop can be manipulated;3. They have a highly developed communication 3. They have a highly developed communication

system for food gathering;system for food gathering;4. They have high floral constancy;4. They have high floral constancy;5. Their colonies can be moved from one place to 5. Their colonies can be moved from one place to

another. another. 6. Manual pollen (PhP25,000); bee pollen (PhP2,500)6. Manual pollen (PhP25,000); bee pollen (PhP2,500)

Bees increase crop yield through pollinationBees increase crop yield through pollination

3535--70%70%35%35%

73.9%73.9%76.5%76.5%88.9%88.9%84.3%84.3%85.1%85.1%98.7%98.7%30%30%90%90%

45.3%45.3%100%100%17%17%56%56%22%22%

Coconut (Native San Ramon)Coconut (Native San Ramon)Cotton (Cotton (DeltapineDeltapine 16)16)Cucurbits:Cucurbits:WatermelonWatermelonCucumberCucumberSquashSquashUpoUpoPatolaPatolaAmpalayaAmpalayaSunflowerSunflowerPechayPechayChinese MustardChinese MustardPassion FruitPassion FruitSweet PotatoSweet PotatoCalamansiCalamansiRadishRadish

Mean % Yield IncreaseMean % Yield IncreaseCropsCropsGovernmental InterventionsGovernmental Interventions

With rampant cutting of coconut trees and as With rampant cutting of coconut trees and as well as forest trees may one day result in the well as forest trees may one day result in the extinction of the indigenous honeybees.extinction of the indigenous honeybees.

With the enforcement of With the enforcement of ““Coconut Coconut Preservation ActPreservation Act”” and and ““Philippine Organic Philippine Organic Agriculture ActAgriculture Act””, eventual banning of , eventual banning of excessive use of insecticides on farm crops excessive use of insecticides on farm crops that may affect these very precious insects, that may affect these very precious insects, respectively, will complement with its effort respectively, will complement with its effort to sustainable agriculture and as well as to sustainable agriculture and as well as biodiversity conservation.biodiversity conservation.

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Governmental / Personal Governmental / Personal Interventions:Interventions:

Being assigned in the Province of Being assigned in the Province of QuezonQuezon covering Region IVcovering Region IV--A or A or the the CALABARZON(Cavite,LagunaCALABARZON(Cavite,Laguna, , BatangasBatangas, , RizalRizal and and QuezonQuezonProvinces), one of my initiatives is Provinces), one of my initiatives is to augment the meager income of to augment the meager income of coconut farmers thru the coconut farmers thru the promotion of honeybees under promotion of honeybees under coconut growing area. coconut growing area.

Governmental / Personal Governmental / Personal Interventions:Interventions:

““Beekeeping could hardly be Beekeeping could hardly be learned through reading learned through reading materials. Actual experience materials. Actual experience in handling bees and in handling bees and continued monitoring by continued monitoring by skilled beekeepers are skilled beekeepers are essential in ensuring success essential in ensuring success in beekeeping by beginners.in beekeeping by beginners.””

Beekeeping Seminar Conducted Beekeeping Seminar Conducted CagbaleteCagbalete Island, Island, MaubanMauban, Quezon, Quezon

ApisApis ceranacerana feral colony transferferal colony transfer

Beekeeping Seminar ConductedBeekeeping Seminar ConductedBrgyBrgy. . MalapadMalapad, Real, Quezon, Real, Quezon

Beekeeping Seminars ConductedBeekeeping Seminars ConductedBrgyBrgy. . SampalocSampaloc & & DaraitanDaraitan, , TanayTanay, Rizal, Rizal

with with GawadGawad SakaSaka 2010 2010 AwardeeAwardee for Outstanding Coconut for Outstanding Coconut Farmer Ms. Farmer Ms. RusselleRusselle BuenviajeBuenviaje

Beekeeping Seminar ConductedBeekeeping Seminar ConductedBrgyBrgy. . IsabangIsabang, , LucenaLucena City with Mr. City with Mr. RomyRomy PenolPenol--

Veteran Beekeeper & Veteran Beekeeper & AsecAsec. Ed De Luna of DA. Ed De Luna of DA

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Beekeeping Seminar ConductedBeekeeping Seminar ConductedBrgyBrgy. San Guillermo & . San Guillermo & LagundiLagundi, , MorongMorong, Rizal, Rizal

Beekeeping Seminar ConductedBeekeeping Seminar ConductedNegoskwelaNegoskwela Livelihood Training Livelihood Training CenterCenter & &

Blue Ridge, Quezon CityBlue Ridge, Quezon City

Beekeeping Seminar ConductedBeekeeping Seminar Conductedwith Pakistan Ambassador Khan with Pakistan Ambassador Khan

Forbes Park, MakatiForbes Park, Makati

Beekeeping Seminar ConductedBeekeeping Seminar ConductedBrgyBrgy. Geronimo, . Geronimo, MontalbanMontalban &&

BrgyBrgy. San Jose, . San Jose, AntipoloAntipolo City, RizalCity, Rizal

Beekeeping Seminar ConductedBeekeeping Seminar ConductedDapaDapa, , SurigaoSurigao del del NorteNorte withwith

ViceVice--Mayor Joel ClaveMayor Joel Clave

Beekeeping Seminar ConductedBeekeeping Seminar ConductedBrgyBrgy. . PintongPintong BocaueBocaue, San Mateo, Rizal, San Mateo, Rizal

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Beekeeping Seminar ConductedBeekeeping Seminar Conductedwith Ms. Sarah Feeney & my kids at with Ms. Sarah Feeney & my kids at SikatunaSikatuna

Village, Village, DilimanDiliman, Quezon City, Quezon City

BEEKEEPING SEMINARS CONDUCTEDBEEKEEPING SEMINARS CONDUCTEDIndangIndang, Cavite , Cavite –– May 2008May 2008

BEEKEEPING SEMINARS CONDUCTEDBEEKEEPING SEMINARS CONDUCTEDIndangIndang, Cavite , Cavite –– May 2008May 2008

Trade Fair and PromotionsTrade Fair and PromotionsOrganic Market with OCCP / OPTA & ABSOrganic Market with OCCP / OPTA & ABS--CBNCBN

Trade Fair & Promotion Trade Fair & Promotion with Mr. with Mr. ZacZac ZarianZarian of of

Agriculture Magazine, SM MegamallAgriculture Magazine, SM Megamall

ConclusionConclusionHence, little by little, people in the Hence, little by little, people in the countryside have started to appreciate the countryside have started to appreciate the value of bees not only because of its value of bees not only because of its production of honey, but also due to the production of honey, but also due to the pollination aspect. pollination aspect.

Good bee pollination and optimized crop Good bee pollination and optimized crop yields are thus part of a sound environmental yields are thus part of a sound environmental management policy. management policy.

The economic value of bee pollination goes The economic value of bee pollination goes beyond production agriculture because bees beyond production agriculture because bees pollinate more than just crop plants. pollinate more than just crop plants.

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