Malaria, erythrocytic infection, and anemia.Authors:Haldar K; Mohandas NAuthor Address:Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA. khaldar@nd.eduSource:Hematology / The Education Program Of The American Society Of Hematology. American Society Of Hematology. Education Program [Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program] 2009, pp. 87-93. Publication Type:Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; ReviewLanguage:EnglishJournal Information:Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 100890099 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1520-4383 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15204383 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program Subsets: MEDLINEMeSH Terms:Anemia/*etiologyErythrocytes/*parasitologyMalaria/*bloodParasitemia/*bloodAnimals ;Child ;Cytokines/secretion ;Erythropoiesis ;Host-Parasite Interactions ;Humans ;Inflammation ;Malaria/complications ;Malaria/immunology ;Malaria/parasitology ;Malnutrition/blood ;Malnutrition/complications ;Mice ;Parasitemia/complications ;Parasitemia/immunology ;Parasitology/methods ;Plasmodium/immunology ;Plasmodium/physiology ;Protozoan Proteins/blood ;Protozoan Proteins/immunology ;Protozoan Proteins/physiology ;Spleen/physiopathologyAbstract:Malaria is a major world health problem. It results from infection of parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium. Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax cause the major human malarias, with P falciparum being the more virulent. During their blood stages of infection, both P falciparum and P vivax induce anemia. Severe malarial anemia caused by P falciparum is responsible for approximately a third of the deaths associated with disease. Malarial anemia appears to be multi-factorial. It involves increased removal of circulating erythrocytes as well as decreased production of erythrocytes in the bone marrow. The molecular mechanisms underlying malarial anemia are largely unknown. Over the last five years, malaria parasite ligands have been investigated for their remodeling of erythrocytes and possible roles in destruction of mature erythrocytes. Polymorphisms in cytokines have been associated with susceptibility to severe malarial anemia: these cytokines and malaria "toxins" likely function by perturbing erythropoiesis. Finally a number of co-infections increase susceptibility to malarial anemia, likely because they exacerbate inflammation caused by malaria. Because of the complexities involved, the study of severe malarial anemia may need a "systems approach" to yield comprehensive understanding of defects in both erythropoiesis and immunity associated with disease. New and emerging tools such as (i) mathematical modeling of the dynamics of host control of malarial infection, (ii) ex vivo perfusion of human spleen to measure both infected and uninfected erythrocyte retention, and (iii) in vitro development of erythroid progenitors to dissect responsiveness to cytokine imbalance or malaria toxins, may be especially useful to develop integrated mechanistic insights and therapies to control this major and fatal disease pathology.Number of References:42Grant Information:P01 HL 078826 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; P01 HL078826-05 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 AI 039071 United States AI NIAID NIH HHS; R01 AI039071-10 United States AI NIAID NIH HHS; R01 HL 079397 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HL069630 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HL069630-09 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HL079397-04 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHSContributed Indexing:Indexing Agency: NLM Local ID #: NIHMS216235. Substance Nomenclature:0 (Cytokines)0 (Protozoan Proteins)Entry Dates:Date Created: 20091216 Date Completed: 20100315 Latest Revision: 20110609Update Code:20110610PubMed Central ID:PMC2933134PMID:20008186Database: MEDLINE with Full Text

Study of respiratory influenza A H1N1 Virus (pH1N1) in hospitalized children in the pandemic year. Experience in 34 centers in Argentina

Transliterated Title:Estudio de las enfermedades respiratorias por virus Influenza A H1N1 (pH1N1) en nios internados durante el ao de la pandemia. Experiencia de 34 centros en la Argentina.Authors:Gentile ; Bakir J; Russ C; Ruvinsky S; Ensinck G; Falaschi A; Can A; Lucin F; Bruno M; Moreno R; Bidone NAuthor Address:Hospital de Nios Ricardo Gutirrez. angelagentile@fibertel.com.arSource:Archivos Argentinos De Pediatra [Arch Argent Pediatr] 2011 Jun; Vol. 109 (3), pp. 198-203. Publication Type:English Abstract; Journal ArticleLanguage:SpanishJournal Information:Country of Publication: Argentina NLM ID: 0372460 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1668-3501 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03250075 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Arch Argent Pediatr Subsets: In Process; MEDLINEAbstract:Introduction: In Argentina, pandemic influenza pH1N1 caused nearly 10,000 confirmed cases with high impact in pediatrics.Objectives: To describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics and analyse the risk factor of lethality in children hospitalized with infection pH1N1 confirmed by PCR.Population and Methods: We identifed all suspected cases (according to Ministry of health) in 34 centers and we included all the confirmed cases of 0-18 years from 1/4/09 to 31/8/09 in a retrospective cohort study. The viral diagnosis was confirmed by RT-PCR method. Data are expressed in percentages, average, median, standard deviation, and range (IQR) as appropriate; and as a measure of association, relative risk (RR), with 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Multiple logistic regression was conducted to determine the independent risk predictors.Results: Total number of suspected cases were: 2367; PCR was performed to 47.8% (n: 1131) being positive for pH1N1 65.5% (n: 741/1131); 57.2% males; 61.5%