making a carnival band planning presentation 1
TRANSCRIPT
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Creating a Carnival
Band
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The following presentation aims to facilitate
your schools planning, to embed carnival in
the curriculum and support you to create your
own carnival band.
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This presentation includes the following:
An introduction to the history of carnival
The carnival archive web address for furtherresources and research
The place of carnival in education
Archive resources of an example carnival bandcreated by artists from arts company Festive
Road as a guide for your own planning
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What is Carnival?
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Carnival in pre-Christian Times
It is known that holidays were celebrated in
the pre-Christian times and had many things
in common with present day carnivals
In Ancient Greece a festival was held in
honour of Dionysus. It was a large religious
festival and included dancing, singing, poetry
as well as masked procession
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In Ancient Rome it was heathen holidays named the
Saturnalia and held in honour of the God of Saturn,god of grain vegetation and wine. The general idea ofthe feast was to invert the ordinary way of life.
During two weeks all class boundaries were erased bythe law of festival: the rich and poor were equalized inrights, children headed families, slaves could sit freelywith theirs masters at the table and everybody hidtheir faces behind masks to avoid embarrassment oncethe celebrations were over. Also, a pseudo-king waschosen at the start of the holiday and at the end ofSaturnalias he was killed through burning, hanging etc.
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Carnival in the UKis believed to have existed for
thousands of years in the form of parades andoutdoor celebrations based around key events in
the calendar
- Pagan events
- Fairs
- Weddings
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Catholicism and Carnival
Prior to the period of Lent when Christians gothrough prayer, repentance and self-denial in
honour of the time Jesus fasted when in thewilderness, people would try and use up theirluxury goods such as meat and dairy products.The term carnival comes from the Italian word
carne (meat) levare (remove) and came tosymbolise a time of eating and drinking beforethe fasting of Lent began.
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As a result Catholic countries, or those countries
once controlled by Catholic nations such as
Trinidad and Tobago tend to have the strongest
carnival traditions
During these celebrations, which often took place
on the streets, people began to wear masks toallow them to party incognito and meant they
didnt have to worry about their reputations
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Carnival in the UK
Carnival in the UK declined with thereformation in the 16thcentury. Thereformation saw England split from the
Catholic Church and the creation of theProtestant Church of England
Carnivals and parades were used during theFirst and Second World War as a way of raisingfunds and morale
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After the end of the Second World War, the Britishgovernment encouraged mass immigration from the British
Empire without needing a visa, to help the populationrecover after the huge loss of life during the war.
The immigrants who came to Britain brought with themtheir customs and traditions and amongst those were
carnival traditions. This influx on new carnival ideas helpedto revive UK carnival and it now plays host to the worldssecond largest carnival (Notting Hill) and the two largestcarnivals in Europe (Notting Hill and Luton InternationalCarnival)
Some of the largest influences on carnival in the UK todaycome from African, Caribbean, Indian and Irish communities.
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African influences on carnival
traditions
Ancient African traditions of parading and movingin circles through villages in costumes and masks
Circling villages was believed to bring good
fortune, heal problems and appease theancestors
The combination of natural objects often found incarnival tradition is borrowed from the African
customs of creating a piece of sculpture or maskwith each object representing a certain idea orspiritual force
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Feathers were used frequently by Africans intheir motherland on masks and headdresses as asymbol of our ability as humans to rise aboveproblems, pains, heartbreaks, illness to travel to
another world and be reborn spiritually
African dance and music traditions transformedthe early carnival celebrations in the Americas as
African drum rhythms, large puppets, stickfighters and stilt dancers began to make theirappearances in carnival festivities
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In many parts of the world whereCatholic Europeans set up colonies
and entered into the slave trade,
carnival took root
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Brazilis famous for its carnival
Mardi Gras in Louisiana where AfricanAmericans mixed with French settlers andNative Americans
Caribbean countries including: Barbados,Jamaica, Grenada, Dominica, Haiti, Cuba, StThomas, St Marten
Central and South America: Belize, Panama,
Brazil, Canada and the USA: Brooklyn, Miami,
Toronto, San Francisco
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Carnival in Trinidad and Tobago
Carnival was introduced to Trinidad around1785 with the arrival of the French settlers
Banned from the masked balls of the French
the slaves would hold their own carnivalsusing their own rituals and folklore andmocking their masters behaviour
After 1838 when slavery was abolished thefreed Africans began to hold their owncarnival celebrations in the streets
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Today carnival in Trinidad reflects the faces of
the many immigrants who have come to the
island from Europe, Africa, India and China
Many schools in Trinidad believe that
sponsoring a carnival band is a way to teach
young people about their roots and culture
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Music of Trinidad Carnival
Steel Pan
Africans who were brought as slaves to Trinidadhad their own musical culture of drumming. In
1883 drumming was outlawed by the authoritiesafraid that it would spark a rebellion. The slavesmade music with whatever came to hand. In1936 steel pan was invented when it wasdiscovered different tones could be createdusing oil drums.
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Calypso
Forbidden to talk to each other and robbed of
their home the slaves on the sugar plantations
in Trinidad began to sing songs. They used
Calypso which can be traced back to West
African Kaiso as a means of communication and
to mock the slave masters
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Samba
Samba is one of the best known forms of Afro-
Brazilian music which developed through a
blending of cultures as a result of the
Portuguese colonisation of Brazil. A samba
school carnival entry will typically include
singers (puxadires) and musicians including adrumming section called the batteria
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Influence of Caribean Music in the UK
The arrival of immigrants from the Caribbean
on the SS Windrush in the 1940s and 50s
brought new influences to popular music in
the UK
Calypso has spawned many modern variants
including Soca (a fusion of Soul and Calypso),
Rapso ( slower rap and hip-hop rhythms) andChutney (fusion of Soca and Indian influences
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Carnival in Education
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Ofsted Report Learning: creative
approaches that raise standards
Ofsted concluded:
Creative approaches had a "perceptible and positive impact on pupilspersonal development and on their preparation for life beyondschool".
"We are pleased that the report recognises what we see in schoolsevery day: that creative approaches to learning raise attainment levels,improve attendance and increase pupil motivation particularly forschools in challenging circumstances. "
Paul Collard, Chief Executive of Creativity, Culture and Education (CCE), the organisation which managesCreative Partnerships
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Carnival as Inclusive Education: exploring
carnival arts in the curriculum
by Celia Burgess-Macey
Carnival in schools provides an opportunity for the
focussed study of a particularly important culturalevent, which has diverse historical and international
origins and is in a constant process of development
incorporating new elements and linking different
communities
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Childrens responses
Craig was a very quiet boy. The kind who has dreams.
He struggled for a while. He always wanted help to do
things[] in the end he was so involved that event
when he left that primary school he came back for twoyears after to help with the carnival
Mas Maker Amaru Chatawa
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Parental engagement
through the school becoming the focus of carnival
work and through parents seeing black adults working
alongside their children, many parents black parents
have been willing for the first time to become furtherinvolved.
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Celebrating the heritage of carnival
The Carnival Archive project is gathering
together an archive about the rich history of
Carnival and street celebrations in the eastern
region of the UK. We aim to fashion our archive
into local, regional and national stories for
everyone to enjoy.
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Celebrating the heritage of carnival in the
eastern region of the UK
Sharing photos, videos, memories and stories
of carnivals
Collecting now in Luton, Northampton,
Norwich and Southend
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You can explore the images and stories in the
carnival archive online
www.carnivalarchive.org.uk
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Luton Carnival Timeline
Processions have always been a feature of celebrations in Luton
1400s Guild Feasts began in Luton and these would include a procession
1887 Golden Jubilee celebrations of Queen Victoria
1897 Diamond Jubilee celebrations of Queen Victoria
1896 Procession to celebrate the opening of the Plait Halls
1919 Peace Day Riots: National day of celebrations that descended into rioting
1935 Silver Jubilee of George V
1939 - 1945 Carnival parades held to raise money for the war effort
1945 The heyday of the street party was VE day which marked the end of war in Europe
1950s St Georges day parades were popular
1953 Possibly the first Easter Bonnet Parade
1976 The first Luton Carnival as we now know it
1998 Luton Carnival acquired International Status
2007 Carnival cancelled due to heavy rain and flooding2009 Opening of UKCCA
2012 The Carnival was moved from May to July to coincide with the arrival of the Olympic torch
in Luton
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Designing for Carnival: Archive
inspiration for planning
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Choosing a themeIt is helpful to imagine your carnival band as a visual
story.
Your carnival theme provides you with the title of yourstory. This could be literal e.g. an existing story likeSnow White or more broad like the Life Cycle, the
history of Luton etc.
If you are planning a cross curricular carnival projectyour theme acts very much like a topic and all yourother subjects are taught through it. It is important tochoose a theme which is rich enough to meet the
needs of each curriculum area.
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This image shows Festive Roads design
for one of their carnival bands. Their
theme was Celebration.
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Kings and Queens
If the theme is the title of your story
the Kings and Queens are the central
characters. They are often puppets or
large back pack costumes that make
a big impression and open the
carnival procession with a bang.
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The Kings and Queens in Festive Roads band
were inspired by Vivian Westwood and JackSparrow, both theatrical and flamboyant
characters. Their broad approach to design
connects with and inspires their carnival
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Sections
The sections of your carnival band (i.e. the different
groups within your overall group) are like the chapters in
your story.
Each one illuminates a different part of the story for your
audience. For example if your theme was the Olympics
you might have a section for the opening ceremony, or
different sections for different sports.
If organising a whole school carnival it is useful for each
year group to have their own section and they design
and make costumes specifically for that.
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Party goers
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Candles
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Star Drummers
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Cakes
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Characters
As well as your main characters i.e.
your King or Queen you may alsowant to have other characters fromyour story, perhaps one with eachsection. They may have larger
costumes than the others and leadtheir section.
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The EventWhether you are planning an in school carnival or takingpart in your local carnival the event is great day for allinvolved.
If you are planning to take part in your local carnival it isimportant to put in your application to the council in good
time.
The event itself is a fantastic motivator for staff, childrenand parents a like and is a fantastic celebration. Everyone
comes away with a great sense of pride and achievement.
As well as being an excellent tool for framing academiclearning in an exciting context carnival also develops self-confidence and a sense of community.
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Thank you