major causes of wwi nationalism rivalry over colonies arms race military alliances
TRANSCRIPT
Major Causes of
WWI
Nationalism
Rivalryover
colonies
ArmsRace
MilitaryAlliance
s
•DEFINED AS THE BELIEF IN THE SUPERIORITY OF ONE’S OWN NATION OR COUNTRY. You will do anything for your country.
• IN THE EXTREME IT CAN LEAD TO HATRED OR DEGRADATION OF OTHER COUNTRIES.
NATIONALISM
RIVALRIES OVER COLONIES LED TO BITTERNESS IN EUROPE
ARMS RACE
EACH COUNTRY IN EUROPE HAD A DESIRE TO BETTER ITS ARMY AND NAVY.
GREAT BRITAIN TRADITIONALLY HAD THE MOST POWERFUL NAVY IN EUROPE. GERMANY BEGAN TO EXPAND HER NAVY, WHICH CREATED TENSION BETWEEN THE TWO NATIONS.
FRANCE LOST THE ALSACE-LORRAINE REGION TO GERMANY IN THE FRANCO-PRUSSIAN WAR OF 1870.
INTRICATE AND SOMETIMES SECRET ALLIANCES IN EUROPE LED TO
OBLIGATIONS BUT ALSO DIVIDED LOYALTIES IF ATTACKED
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY HAD AN AGREEMENT WITH GERMANY
WHO HAD AN AGREEMENT WITH ITALY. OTTOMAN
EMPIRE WAS ALLIED WITH
GERMANY AGAINST RUSSIA.
SERBIA HAD AN AGREEMENT WITH RUSSIA WHO HAD AN AGREEMENT WITH FRANCE WHO HAD AN
AGREEMENT WITH GREAT BRITAIN WHO HAD AN
AGREEMENT TO PROTECT
BELGIUM’S NEUTRALITY
System of Alliances
• Triple Alliance• Germany• Italy• Austria-Hungary
• Triple Entente• France, • Great Britain• Russia
ARCHDUKE FRANZ FERDINAND AND FAMILY
HEIR TO THE AUSTR0-HUNGARIAN THRONE WAS ASSASSINATED
TOURING SERBIA
BY GAVRILO PRINCIP, A MEMBER OF AN
ORGANIZATION CALLED BLACK HAND, WHO
WANTED INDEPENDENCE FOR THE REGION FROM
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.
LEAD TO WAR
COUNTRIES RUSHED TO FULFILL THEIR ALLIANCE
OBLIGATIONSAnd AVENGE THE MURDER
WORLD WAR I BEGAN 1914JUNE 28 ARCHDUKE FERDINAND ASSASSINATED
JULY 28 AUSTRIA-HUNGARY DECLARED WAR ON SERBIA
AUGUST 1 GERMANY DECLARED WAR ON RUSSIA
AUGUST 3 GERMANY DECLARED WAR ON FRANCE
AUGUST 4 GERMANY INVADED NEUTRAL BELGIUM WHICH PROMPTED BRITAIN TO DECLARE WAR THE SAME DAY
AUGUST 4 PRESIDENT WILSON DECLARED POLICY OF NEUTRALITY FOR THE UNITED STATES
AUGUST 6 AUSTRIA-HUNGARY DECLARED WAR ON RUSSIA
AUGUST 23 JAPAN DECLARED WAR ON GERMANY
OCTOBER 29 OTTOMAN EMPIRE JOINED THE WAR ON THE SIDE OF THE CENTRAL POWERS
New Technology
RAILWAYS
EVEN THOUGH NOT A NEW TECHNOLOGY, PLAYED A KEY ROLE IN SUPPLYING AND TRANSPORTING
TROOPS
SHIPS, ALTHOUGH NOT A NEW TECHNOLOGY, WERE VITAL TO SUPPLY TROOPS AND CONTROL
PORTS
ZEPPELINS HAD BEEN USED FOR PASSENGER TRAVEL PRIOR TO THE WAR AND DURING THE WAR BECAME FIGHTER
AIRCRAFT
THESE PHOTOS SHOW THE DEVASTATION OF A ZEPPELIN
ATTACK
AIRPLANES ENTERED THE SCENE
SUBMARINES, CALLED “U-BOATS” BY THE GERMANS, WERE USED TO SINK SUPPLY
SHIPS
TECHNOLOGY IMPROVED CANNONS
MACHINE GUNS
TANKS WERE FIRST INTRODUCED
POISONOUS GAS
TRENCH WARFARE
MOST OF THE TIME IN THE TRENCHES
WAS SPENT WAITING FOR THE
FIGHTING TO BEGIN
SLEEPING TOOK PLACE IN SHIFTS
SO SOMEONE WAS ALWAYS
WATCHING THE ENEMY
Trench Foot
“OVER THE TOP”
“NO MAN’S LAND”
THE AREA BETWEEN THE
TRENCHES WAS THE MOST
DANGEROUS PLACE TO BE
BALLOONS WERE USED FOR FINDING THE POSITION OF THE ENEMY AND FOR RESCUE OF FALLEN SOLDIERS
AERIAL VIEW OF THE TRENCHES
FIELD KITCHENS
THE RED CROSS AND THE Y.M.C.A. HELPED TO CARE FOR THE WOUNDED SOLDIERS
AND DELIVERED ITEMS FROM HOME
SALVATION ARMY
VOLUNTEER WRITING A
LETTER HOME FOR THE
WOUNDED SOLDIER
ANIMALS AT WAR
DEBATE OVER JOINING THE WAR
REASONS FOR JOINING THE WAR
LUSITANIA
ZIMMERMAN NOTE
DECLARATION OF WAR
Slide 3
HOW DID MOST AMERICANS FEEL ABOUT JOINING THE WAR IN EUROPE?
MOST PEOPLE WANTED TO REMAIN NEUTRAL
NOT OUR FIGHT
EUROPE TOO FAR AWAY
WAR WAS EXPENSIVE
DIVIDED LOYALTIES Immigration
Trade
Money invested
LUSITANIA SUNK, 1915
BRITISH PASSENGER SHIP SUNK BY A GERMAN U-BOAT IN 1915. MORE THAN 1,000 PEOPLE KILLED INCLUDING
128 AMERICANS.
THE ELECTION OF 1916
WILSON RAN ON THE SLOGAN “HE KEPT US OUT
OF WAR!” HOWEVER HE KNEW THAT THE U.S. WAS
GETTING CLOSER TO ENTERING THE WAR
DEMOCRAT PRESIDENT WOODROW WILSON
REPUBLICAN SUPREME COURT JUSTICE CHARLES
EVANS HUGHES
HUGHES CHALLENGED WILSON’S
UNWILLINGNESS TO STAND UP TO THE
GERMANS
Zimmermann Note/TelegramJanuary, 1917
• Telegram intercepted by British agents from German foreign minister to German ambassador in Mexico
• Proposed alliance between Germany and Mexico
• Promised if U.S. entered war, Germany would support Mexico in recovering lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, Arizona
• U.S. says “Oh, no you didn’t!”
Zimmermann Note/Telegram
POLITICAL CARTOON ON
THE ZIMMERMAN
NOTE
British Blockade: U.S. refused to break through thus Germans didn’t receive
supplies. GERMANY ANNOUNCED THEY WOULD RESUME THEIR U-BOAT CAMPAIGN
AND SINK ALL (INCLUDING AMERICAN) SHIPS IN THE WAR ZONE. GERMANS WERE STARVING
FROM THE BRITISH BLOCKADE
WILSON CLUNG TO THE HOPE THAT GERMANY WOULD NOT ACTUALLY ATTACK U.S. SHIPS,
HOWEVER IN MARCH FOUR UNARMED American MERCHANT SHIPS WERE SUNK,
WITH 36 LIVES LOST.
FEBRUARY 1, 1917
WILSON ASKED CONGRESS TO DECLARE WAR APRIL 2, 1917
CONGRESS DECLARED WAR APRIL 6, 1917“Whereas the Imperial German
Government has committed repeated acts of war against
the Government and the people of the United States of
America; Therefore be it Resolved by the Senate and
the House of Representatives of the United States of America
in Congress Assembled, that the state of war between the
United States and the Imperial German Government which has
thus been thrust upon the United States is hereby
formally declared; and that the President be, and he is hereby,
authorized and directed to employ the entire naval and military forces of the United
States and the resources of the Government to carry on war against the Imperial German Government; and to bring the
conflict to a successful termination all of the
resources of the country are hereby pledged by the Congress of the United
States.”
EXCERPT FROM THE WAR DECLARATION
•MOBILIZATION
•AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCE
Slide 3
REQUIRED ALL MALES BETWEEN THE AGES OF 21-30 (LATER CHANGED TO 18-45) TO REGISTER FOR THE
DRAFT
ABOUT 24 MILLION MEN REGISTERED, 23% OF TOTAL POPULATION
ABOUT 11,000 WOMEN VOLUNTEERED AS NURSES, CLERICAL WORKERS AND TELEPHONE OPERATORS
SELECTIVE SERVICE ACT MAY 18, 1917
GENERAL JOHN J. PERSHING, COMMANDER OF THE AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCE IN WWI
"ALL A SOLDIER NEEDS TO
KNOW IS HOW TO SHOOT AND
SALUTE."
SOLDIERS LEFT FOR FRANCE
COMMITTEE FOR PUBLIC INFORMATION
PROPAGANDA POSTERS
ANTI-GERMAN SENTIMENT
ESPIONAGE AND SEDITION ACTS
PAYING FOR THE WAR
WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD, WAR LABOR BOARD, WAR TRADE BOARD, FOOD ADMINISTRATION, FUEL ADMINISTRATION
WOMEN AND MINORITY CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE WAR
INFLUENZA EPIDEMIC OF 1918
Slide 3
COMMITTEE FOR PUBLIC INFORMATION: CREATED BY PRESIDENT WILSON TO SPREAD
PRO-WAR PROPAGANDA
LED BY JOURNALIST
GEORGE CREEL
WAR PROPAGANDA POSTERS
War Propaganda Poster (75 points)
• Directions: You will create a War Propaganda poster for the Current War in Iraq, Afghanistan, Syrian conflict. If you choose a different conflict, please clear it with me prior to. You should compare and contrast the WWI posters that I have shown you in the Power Points. Take a stand on one side or the other, for or against, and make a poster trying to persuade others to see your side of the issue.
• Things that need to be included:• *Must be colored• *Large and small text
• No nudity, swear words, or inappropriateness!•
• You will be graded on:• Effort• Neatness• Message• Put on a Normal piece of paper!• No lined paper!
Espionage and Sedition Act of 1917
LAWS PASSED THAT SEVERELY RESTRICTED PEOPLE WHO SPOKE OUT AGAINST THE WAR EFFORT.
+Anti-Immigrant Hysteria:
*targeted Germans and Austro-Hungarians
CIVIL LIBERTIES RESTRICTED DURING THE WAR
INCOME TAX CREATED IN 1913Amendment XVI
The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without
apportionment among the several states, and without regard to any census or enumeration.Raised income tax for higher incomes.
BONDS: THE GOVERNMENT BORROWS MONEYMakes people feel they are contributing to war effort
HOW DID THE U.S. GOVERNMENT PAY FOR THE WAR?
KIDS WERE ENCOURAGED TO CONTRIBUTE TO THE LOAN DRIVES AS WELL