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Mainstreaming the Environmentally Critical Areas Network (ECAN) into the Local Land Use Planning System of the Local Government Units (LGU): Framework and Methods

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Mainstreaming the Environmentally Critical Areas Network (ECAN) into the Local Land Use Planning System of the

Local Government Units (LGU): Framework and Methods

October 2016

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Prepared By:

ECAN Plan Integration and Project Development Division Palawan Council for Sustainable Development Staff

Palawan Center for Sustainable Development Sta. Monica Heights, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines 5300

pcsd.gov.ph (048) 433-4235

Photo Credits:

ECAN Zones Management Division ECAN Plan Integration and Project Development Division

Wild Expeditions

This report can be reproduced as long as the convenors are properly acknowledged as the source of information

Reproduction of this publication for sale or for other commercial purposes is prohibited without the written consent of the publisher

Suggested Citation: PCSDS. 2015. Mainstreaming the Environmentally Critical Areas Network (ECAN) into the Local Land Use Planning System of the Local Government Units (LGU): Framework and Methods. Palawan Council for Sustainable Development, Puerto Pricnesa City, Palawan.

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Table of Contents Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................... iv List of Figures ................................................................................................................................. v List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. vi 1.0. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 1

1.1.The Sustainable Development Framework of Palawan ........................................................ 1 1.2. Administrative Machinery ................................................................................................... 1 1.3. The ECAN Standard of Sustainable Development .............................................................. 1

2.0. Objective of Mainstreaming .................................................................................................... 2 3.0. Expected Results ...................................................................................................................... 3 4.0. Principles of Mainstreaming .................................................................................................... 4

4.1. Palawan as Biosphere Reserve ............................................................................................. 4 4.2. Wise Use of Resources ........................................................................................................ 4 4.3. Disaster Risk Management .................................................................................................. 4 4.4. Promoting Biodiversity Conservation.................................................................................. 5 4.5. Partnership and Co-management ......................................................................................... 5

5.0. Legal Frameworks for Mainstreaming SEP/ECAN in Local Land Use Planning Process...... 6 5.1. Legal Basis of Framework ................................................................................................... 6 5.2. The ECAN Resource Management Plan .............................................................................. 7

6.0. ECAN Special Management Areas .......................................................................................... 7 6.1. Habitats of rare and endangered species .............................................................................. 8 6.2. Legitimate areas for tribal ancestral zones ........................................................................... 8 6.3. Areas of cultural, historical, geological, and anthropological interest .............................. 11 6.4. Tourism Development Areas ............................................................................................. 12 6.5. NIPAS areas ....................................................................................................................... 12 6.6. Other management units .................................................................................................... 12

6.6.1. Terrestrial zone ........................................................................................................... 12 6.6.2. Coastal/Marine zone ................................................................................................... 13

7.0. Framework for ECAN Mainstreaming in the Land Use Planning Process ........................... 13 7.1. Issues and Concerns Addressed by Mainstreaming ........................................................... 13

7.1.1. Key management issues and concerns ........................................................................ 13 7.1.2. Planning issues and concerns ...................................................................................... 13

7.2. Approach in Mainstreaming .............................................................................................. 14 7.3. Guide Matrix for Mainstreaming ....................................................................................... 16

ANNEXES .................................................................................................................................... 33 Annex A: ECAN as General Land Use Category of Tourism Economic Zone (TEZ) of San Vicente, Palawan....................................................................................................................... 34 Annex B: Protected Areas of Palawan ...................................................................................... 39 Annex C: General Strategy for Horizontal Integration of SEP ECAN Resource Management Plan with CLUP ........................................................................................................................ 51

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List of Figures Figure 1. Benefits exchange, interaction, and material flow among the various ECAN zones to increase resilience, adaptive capacity, and stability of the larger area. .......................................... 3 Figure 2. Hierarchy and linkages of plans (HLURB 2006. modified) ............................................ 7 Figure 3. PCSD Declared Tribal Ancestral Zone and Potential TAZ ............................................. 9 Figure 4. General Entry points of Mainstreaming SEP/ECAN in the CLWUP Planning Process 17 Figure 5. Tourism Framework Strategy (CTMP 2014) ................................................................ 35 Figure 6. ECAN Map of TEZ Priority Area and the proposed Integrated Tourism Master Plan . 37 Figure 7. Proposed 50-m easement along the TEZ Priority Area ................................................. 38 Figure 8. ECAN map of Ursula Island.......................................................................................... 39 Figure 9. ECAN map of El Nido-Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area ............................. 40 Figure 10. ECAN map of Tubbataha Reef National Marine Park ................................................ 41 Figure 11. ECAN map of Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park ............................. 42 Figure 12. ECAN map of Malampaya Sound Land and Seascape Protected Area ...................... 43 Figure 13. ECAN map of Coron Island Protected Area ............................................................... 44 Figure 14. ECAN map of Calauit Game Preserve and Wildlife Sanctuary .................................. 45 Figure 15. ECAN map of Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape ............................................ 46 Figure 16. ECAN map of Palawan Flora and Fauna Watershed .................................................. 47 Figure 17. ECAN map of Rasa Island Wildlife Sanctuary ........................................................... 48 Figure 18. Hierarchy and linkages of plans (HLURB 2006. modified)........................................ 53 Figure 19. The ECAN zones management planning process ....................................................... 53 Figure 20. ECAN-based plans integration framework ................................................................. 54 Figure 21. Institutionalization of the ECAN ................................................................................. 55 Figure 22. INTEGRATE process .................................................................................................. 57 Figure 23. Configuration of biosphere reserve zones. .................................................................. 64 Figure 24. Terrestrial ECAN zones map of Palawan Province (Kalayaan Municipality, ............ 65 Figure 25. Land management unit (LMU), Pamantolon, Taytay (BSWM-DA and PIADPO, 1988) ............................................................................................................................................. 88 Figure 26. A proposed general model of a sustainable development project. (Salafsky et al. 2008, modified) ....................................................................................................................................... 99 Figure 27. Sample Problem Tree 1 ............................................................................................. 106 Figure 28. The positive reinforcing benefits of SEP-ECAN ...................................................... 115

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List of Tables Table 1. Proclaimed and potential Tribal Ancestral Zone (TAZ) ................................................... 9 Table 2. Related Policies on Tribal Ancestral Zone ..................................................................... 11 Table 3. Sample of ECAN-Based Activities on TAZ Conserved Area ........................................ 11 Table 4. NIPAS Areas of Palawan Province ................................................................................ 12 Table 5. Alignment matrix of HLURB Zones and ECAN Zones ................................................. 14 Table 6. CLWUP Chapters and ERMP Chapters ......................................................................... 16 Table 7. Guide Matrix for Mainstreaming the Environmentally Critical Areas Network (ECAN) in the Comprehensive ................................................................................................................... 18 Table 8. Template for Writing ECAN-Compliant CLWUP ......................................................... 25 Table 9. Template for Writing ECAN-Compliant Zoning Ordinance .......................................... 28 Table 10. Comparison table for SEP ECAN zones and HLURB general land use zones. ........... 58 Table 11. Issues generated and recommended actions from topology overlays of the ECAN Map and Existing Forest Land Uses in Roxas (FLUP Roxas 2012, modified) .................................... 60 Table 12. Parameters and criteria in the delineation of terrestrial ECAN zones .......................... 66 Table 13. Parameters and criteria in the delineation of coastal/marine ECAN zones .................. 67 Table 14. Activities allowed in the ECAN zones (from PCSD Resolution 05-250 and PCSD Resolution 06-270)........................................................................................................................ 69 Table 15. Spatial and non-spatial data sources related to ECAN mapping .................................. 70 Table 16. Process flow of ECAN zones map amendment ............................................................ 73 Table 17. Thematic planning modules for use in ECAN planning ............................................... 85 Table 18. A sector-based list of spatial data needs for sustainable development ......................... 86 Table 19. LMU categories, Pamantolon, Taytay .......................................................................... 89 Table 20. Soil Type – Land Suitability and Capability Matrix, Pamantolon, Taytay .................. 90 Table 21. Existing, required, and needed forest area for timber and fuelwood (in gha) of Palawan Province ........................................................................................................................................ 93 Table 22. Major steps of threats and solutions analysis................................................................ 99 Table 23. Sample Solutions Table .............................................................................................. 107 Table 24. Illustrative recasting of a portion of PA 21 AA into Log Frame ................................ 108 Table 25. Sample set of core themes .......................................................................................... 109 Table 26. Ridge-to-reef management framework of ECAN zones ............................................. 113 Table 27. Zonal goals, management framework, and objectives of ECAN zoning .................... 114 Table 28. Activities allowed in the ECAN zones (from PCSD Resolution 05-250 and PCSD Resolution 06-270) vis a vis general and specific strategies in each zone ................................. 115

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1.0. Introduction 1.1. The Sustainable Development Framework of Palawan

Achieving sustainable development for Palawan is already implicit in the 1987 document Strategic Environmental Plan for Palawan Towards Sustainable Development1 which was the basis of the 1992 landmark legislation called the Strategic Environmental Plan (SEP) for Palawan Act, or Republic Act No. 7611. Its strategy, the Environmentally Critical Areas Network (ECAN) – a graded system of protection and development control – provided the general physical and policy framework towards sustainable development. The abovementioned documents provided the framework for sustainable development in the province that complements both economic development and natural resource conservation where development activities support environmental protection. This is primarily because economic development is sustained by the maintenance of “the protective value and productivity of its various ecosystems.” Hence, the ideal course of natural resource conservation is “where people share and enjoy the bounties of nature, where there is no poverty, and where resources are channeled into giving back to nature what has been taken from her.” This framework chooses both paths of environment and development as each of these paths reinforces each other. A sustainable development economy for Palawan is also defined as a self-sustaining economic system (green economy) that is supportive of environmental protection and natural resource conservation and that brings positive, beneficial impacts to humans. Transitioning to such an economy requires roadmap that is (1) pro-poor and (2) promotes resilience from geo-environmental and economic risks. Particular strategies to build this roadmap include making biodiversity conservation as one major investment portfolio of the province and allowing good governance to serve as the engine of ENR conservation and economic growth that it actually is.

1.2. Administrative Machinery

The machinery tasked to oversee the implementation of the SEP is the Palawan Council for Sustainable Development (PCSD), a multi-sectoral planning, policy-making, and rule-making body. Its members include the Governor of Palawan, the Deputy Director General of the National Economic and Development Authority, the Undersecretary of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, the President of the Palawan Chapter of League of Municipalities, Undersecretary of the Department of Agriculture, the Mayor of Puerto Princesa City, the President of the League of Barangays, the Executive Director of PCSD Staff, representatives from the business sector and NGO sector. The Palawan Council for Sustainable Development Staff (PCSDS) is the regular professional support staff of the Council (PCSD).

1.3. The ECAN Standard of Sustainable Development

In the geographic context of the ECAN, a green economy for Palawan means economic industries co-existing with protected areas. Hence, the ECAN-based strategy means:

1 Hunting Technical Services Limited (England), Orient Integrated Development Consultants, Inc. (Philippines), and Sir M. Macdonald and Partners (England). (1987). Strategic Environmental Plan for Palawan Towards Sustainable Development. Manila: National Council on Integrated Area Development.

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the protection, maintenance and rehabilitation of ECAN Core Zones, the wise use of ECAN Buffer Zones, and the sustainable management of ECAN Multiple Use Zone. Ultimately, a green economy is one where economic industries side by side with protected areas are well regulated and benefits from them trickle down to the needy and poor. It offers a diversity of sustainable solutions to improve socioeconomic and environmental conditions. The major economic industries of Palawan that will support its green economy are the so-called MOFFAT industries.

M – Mining O – Offshore energy F – Fisheries F – Forestry A – Agriculture T – Tourism

Related to these six Palawan industries, the conditions for the transition to a Philippine Green Economy as enumerated by the Philippine Council for Sustainable Development (2012)2 is modified for Palawan as follows:

1. Production or technology innovations to improve efficiency in resource-energy use; 2. Promotion of material reuse or recycling; 3. Reduction of wastes, carbon emissions, effluents, and other pollutants; and 4. Conformity and compliance to the ECAN standards.

The conformity and compliance to the minimum sustainable development standards set by the SEP in Palawan ensures that Palawan is on the right track as it manages the competing land uses through an ECAN-based decision support system. 2.0. Objective of Mainstreaming The three objectives of mainstreaming are (1) to align local initiatives toward sustainable development, (2) to provide the LGU a unifying platform for the myriad of land use plans and policies being required to be incorporated in the locally mandated plans, and (3) to harmonize SEP and ECAN or integrated it into land use planning system. The ECAN provides a zoning strategy that is designed to optimize the use of land and waters. It is an integrated map delineating management zones in both land and sea based on a “graded system of protection and development control” in accord with the degree of human disruption that the area can tolerate.3 Core zones can be designated as sanctuaries for threatened species, selected coral reefs, seagrass, mangrove reserves, and other significantly important natural ecosystems. On the other hand, Buffer zones and Multiple use zones are open for regulated development. They shield the Core zones, as well as provide livelihood and other opportunities like fishery, mariculture, tourism and recreation, and education and research. Figure 1 illustrates the harmony and interaction among the ECAN zones. Alignment to this standard means aligning activities towards achieving sustainable development.

2 Philippine Council for Sustainable Development. 2012. Assessment of the Philippine Agenda 21, the Prospects for a Green Economy, and the Institutional Framework for Sustainable Development. 3 RA 7611, Sec. 7-11.

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Figure 1. Benefits exchange, interaction, and material flow among the various ECAN zones to

increase resilience, adaptive capacity, and stability of the larger area.

ECAN shall be the basis of LGU in the formulation of locally mandated plans such as Comprehensive Land and Water Use plan (CLWUP), Medium-Term Development Plan (MTDP), and Annual Investment Plan (AIP). Several intermittent documents prepared in each locality that needs alignment at different level are the Forest Land Use Plan (FLUP), Protected Area Management Plan (PAMP), Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development and Protection Plan (ADSDPP), and Marine Protected Areas Management Plan (MPAMP). The myriad of equally important plans and their legal framework weaken the LGU’s commitment in incorporating them in their mandated plans. Hence, a platform is imperative to provide avenue to harmonize these plans that the salient provisions, if not all, are integrated. In addition, the complexities of actors produce difficulty in coordination. SEP/ECAN can be a primary instrument in coordinating the activities of diverse actors and provide coherency in this complexity (Lejano 2001). However, for this to occur, Lejano (2001) recommend that SEP/ECAN should move beyond master planning and into implementation. 3.0. Expected Results This document is produced based from the results of the implementation of PCSD Guidebooks4 drafted by the PCSD Staff to harmonize ECAN into the local planning processes. These methods were tested at the municipality of San Vicente where an Ecanized CLWUP and Ecanized Zoning Ordinance (ZO) are being drafted; and at the Batak Community of Brgy. Tinitian, Roxas Palawan where a Tribal Ancestral Zone Conserved Area Management Plan is being formulated. Results of these activities will reinforce SEP as a framework and ECAN as the ‘master plan’ of LGU in land use planning.

4 Major references: (1) General Strategy for Horizontal Integration of SEP ECAN Resource Management Plan with CLWUP; (2) Tribal Ancestral Zone Conserve Area Management Plan formulation; and (3) Zoning Ordinance of the City of Puerto Princesa

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4.0. Principles of Mainstreaming

The mainstreaming framework is guided by the following principles:

4.1. Palawan as Biosphere Reserve

In 1990, two years before the passage of the SEP Law, the province was included in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves under the Man and Biosphere (MAB) Program of UNESCO. It is recognized as “[a sample] of the world’s major ecosystem types … devoted to conservation of nature and scientific research in the service of man” and an area that “provides a standard against which can be measured the effects of man’s impact on his environment.”5 Under the 1995 Statutory Framework of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves6, a biosphere reserve should strive to be a site of excellence to explore and demonstrate approaches to conservation and sustainable development on a regional scale. The three functions of BRs are (1) biodiversity conservation, (2) development that is socio-culturally and ecologically sustainable, and (3) logistical support for demonstration projects, environmental education and training, and research and monitoring related to issues of conservation and sustainable development. These functions of BRs are already well integrated into the SEP framework.

4.2. Wise Use of Resources

The Sustainable Development principle adopted by the SEP means the improvement in the quality of life of the present and future generations through the complementation of development and environmental protection activities. This complements other global development framework that is also present in the province such as the “wise use” concept of the Ramsar Convention. The “wise use” of wetlands in the Ramsar philosophy is defined as “the maintenance of [a wetland’s] ecological character, achieved through the implementation of ecosystem approaches, within the context of sustainable development”7. Two sites in Palawan – the Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park (TRNP) and the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park (PPSRNP)8 – are already included in the Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.

4.3. Disaster Risk Management

Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction (CCA/DDR) into CLWUP is already approved by the HLURB through the Res. No. 14-9159. The processes and methods are stipulated in the approved Supplemental Guideline on Mainstreaming CCA/ DRR in CLWUP. The framework illustrates how the Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment (CDRA) is undertaken and how the assessment results are integrated in the CLWUP process. It should be noted that ECAN is not enough basis for CCA/DRR integration into CLWUP (Candido 2015, pers. comm.). However, there is a strong link between CCA/ DRR and ECAN. For example, in disaster risk reduction planning, the ECAN Core Zone is highly indicative of 5 1990 citation by UNESCO. 6 The Statutory Framework of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves (1995), Article 3. 7 Ramsar Convention [website]. What is the "wise use" of wetlands? Available at: http://www.ramsar.org/ cda/en/ramsar-about-faqs-what-is-wise-use/main/ramsar/1-36-37%5E7724_4000_0__ [Accessed 21 April 2012]. 8 These two sites are also in the UNESCO list of natural World Heritage Sites. 9 HULRB Res. No. 915 series of 2014 Approving the Supplemental Guidelines for Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction in the Comprehensive Land Use Plan

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http://www.ramsar.org/

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geohazard areas since the layers used in geohazard mapping are also used in ECAN mapping. In addition, the ecological infrastructures, maintained through ECAN, are stock of natural ecosystems and species of Palawan that provide a steady flow of ecosystem goods and services to the people. Ecological infrastructures such as ECAN Core Zones are frontline defenses against natural disasters. Experience from Typhoon Haiyan has shown that thick canopies of mangrove Core Zones serve as effective natural environmental infrastructure as they act as natural defense of coastal settlements against strong winds and wave surges, reducing exposure of coasts to inundation by waves. Hence, the need for ECAN to be mainstreamed in local planning systems is paramount. Another essential ecosystem service provided by ECAN zones is the avoidance of erosion. Based on a study by experts from University of the Philippines Los Baños, the cost of damage avoided (based on replacement cost) for soil erosion in Mount Mantalingahan Protected Landscape is quite significant, as much as 57 million pesos per year if the Core Zone is protected from land use change (Cruz et al. 2008).

4.4. Promoting Biodiversity Conservation

Two the goals10 of SEP/ECAN explicitly stipulated in section 7 (3) and (6) have high regard on the biodiversity conservation. These are preservation of biological diversity; and the protection of rare and endangered species and their habitat. This is supplemented by RA 9147 (Wildlife Act) and RA 9072 (Caves Act) – special laws which implementation was vested to PCSD complementing the goal of conserving the country’s wildlife resources and their habitat for sustainability. ECAN is highly concerned on the natural capital for continuous flow of goods and services from biodiversity. This natural base is the basis for the creation of economic wealth delivering four major ecosystem services: regulating, provisioning, cultural, and supporting services. 4.5. Partnership and Co-management Promoting partnership and co-management enable stakeholders to co-govern the ECAN through participation in planning activities, resource sharing, implementation of ECAN programs and projects identified in the ECAN Plans and its policy guidelines. ECAN landscapes and resources are common interest of the people of Palawan, therefore, its management shall also be shared. ECAN Board – which is created to act in its city or municipal jurisdiction in the same way the

PCSD governs SEP concerns at the provincial level – has institutionalized co-management and partnership in ECAN governance to certain extent. Strengthening the Board’s capacities are follow-on activities to ensure sound management of ECAN in their territory. In addition, the PCSD in its inherent capacity, established partnerships with NGOs, POs, Academe, NGAs, business sector and other stakeholders.

10 Section 7 of 7611

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5.0. Legal Frameworks for Mainstreaming SEP/ECAN in Local Land Use Planning Process

5.1. Legal Basis of Framework

The conformity of all projects and undertakings in Palawan with the SEP framework is vital in the mainstreaming process since the SEP formulated is effectively the “master plan” for the sustainable development of the province. The enactment of the SEP Law has several legal implications (Sec. 6, RA 7611):

i. The SEP shall serve as the framework to guide government agencies in the formulation and implementation of plans, programs, and projects (PPPs) affecting the environment and natural resources of Palawan.

ii. The SEP shall be incorporated in the Regional Development Plan of MIMAROPA. iii. All local government units (LGUs) and national government agencies (NGAs) shall

coordinate and align their projects and budgets with the projects, programs, and policies of the SEP, as administered by the Palawan Council for Sustainable Development (PCSD), the administrative machinery for the implementation of the SEP.

The adoption of the SEP as framework and prescriptive plan was already sanctioned by the law. Under the rubric of SEP, all plans and projects must conform to the zoning requirements of the ECAN. When it comes to environmentally critical projects (ECPs) in environmentally critical areas (ECAs), the regulatory function of the ECAN must be considered to rationalize the entrance of ECPs in the province. At the provincial level, the planning environment in Palawan is a preponderance of overlapping and interconnected mandates, institutions, and plans governing land use. Figure 1 indicates the relationships of the several planning documents. It shows multi-objective plans being implemented by multi-level institutions. The boxed portion highlights the three possible areas of integration: (1) horizontal integration between the City/Municipal (C/M) ECAN Resource Management Plan (ERMP) and the C/M CLWUP, (2) horizontal integration between the Provincial (P) ERMP and the P CLWUP, and (3) vertical integration from provincial to municipal plans.

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P ECAN Plan

C/M ECAN Plan

Figure 2. Hierarchy and linkages of plans (HLURB 2006. modified)

5.2. The ECAN Resource Management Plan The ECAN Resource Management Plan (ERMP) is a stand-alone document prepared by the Municipal ECAN Board with the assistance of PCSDS. Its primary objective is to guide the long-term sustainable management of the municipally-adopted ECAN Zones. It is formulated independently and need not require to follow the CLWUP formulation process. It can be integrated before or during the updating of the latter plan. It shall serve as the general plan of every municipality or city. Thus, it is another basis of planning activities, such as land use planning, tourism master planning and resource management planning as a whole. Its formulation is outlined in Annex C of this guidebook. The implementation of ERMP is a joint responsibility of the LGU and PCSDS through the ECAN Board. Its formulation is one of the avenues in harmonizing and aligning the provisions of the SEP into the CLWUP. 5.3. The City/Municipal Comprehensive Land and Water Use Plan The Local Government Code of 1991 (LGC or Republic Act 7160) mandates the LGU to co-manage with the state the environment and natural resources within the LGU’s administrative boundary. One important function devolved by the state to LGUs is the enactment of municipal or city Zoning Ordinance based on the formulated CWLUP. The ZO and the CLWUP are the primary bases for the future use of land resources (LGC, Section 20(c)). Its formulation is described in the guidebook of HLURB. 6.0. ECAN Special Management Areas

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Prior to mainstreaming, the site managers/planners should identify first the “special management areas” in their area of operation. These areas are still subject to ECAN zonation but their management may entail “special treatment” owing to specific management plans and management authorities intended for the areas. These special areas may include the following:

6.1. Habitats of rare and endangered species

Selected areas in Palawan were already designated as habitats of endangered species by virtue of local resolutions. Examples are portions of Dumaran Island and Barangay Culasian (Rizal) for the critically endangered Philippine Cockatoo (Cacatua haematuropygia). At present, habitats of endangered species can be declared as Critical Habitat (CH) guided by PCSD Res. No. 13-48111. This type of habitat can also be declared as ECAN Core Zone as it one of the criterion in identifying such zone.

6.2. Legitimate areas for tribal ancestral zones

Selected areas in Palawan were declared as ancestral zones for indigenous peoples by virtue of any of the following instruments.

- Tribal Ancestral Zone (TAZ) through PCSD Administrative Orders - Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title (CADT) and Certificate of Ancestral Domain

Claim (CADC) - Certificate of Ancestral Land Title (CALT) and Certificate of Ancestral Land Claim

(CALC)

11 PCSD Res. 13-481: Confirming the action of executive committee adopting the Guidelines on the Establishment and Management of Critical Habitats

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Figure 3. PCSD Declared Tribal Ancestral Zone and Potential TAZ

Consistent to the IPRA Law, SEP designated Tribal and Ancestral Zones (TAZ) areas traditionally occupied by cultural minorities. These areas shall be treated with the same graded system of control and prohibition except for strong emphasis in cultural considerations, and that the zonation shall fulfill the material and cultural needs of the tribes using consultative processes and cultural mapping of the ancestral lands. Figure 3 shows the location of PCSD declared TAZs as well as the potential areas for TAZ proclamation. The details of which are presented in Table 1. To this effect, the PCSD has issued several guidelines to harmonize the needs of IPs into ECAN (Table 2). Successful attempt in harmonizing ECAN and IP concerns through ECAN planning was done at Brgy.Tinitian, Roxas, Palawan. Workshop results related to zoning were summarized at Table 3. It should be noted that ECAN zones were designated to fulfill the material and cultural needs of the IP community.

Table 1. Proclaimed and potential Tribal Ancestral Zone (TAZ) Name and Location TAZ IP Community Area (ha)

Aborlan So. Daan Aporawan TAZ* 1,700 Barake/ Iraan Tagbanua

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Name and Location TAZ IP Community Area (ha) Cabigaan 13,080

Balabac Agutayan/ Indalawan/ Melville/ Pasig/ Rabor Molbog

Bataraza Bulalacao TAZ* 194 Culandanum/ Igang-igang/ Iwahig/ Sandoval/ Sarong Pala’wan Buliluyan/ Bugsuk/ Pandan/ Sebaring/ Puring/ Tagnato Molbog

Brooke’s Point Amas TAZ* 725 Maasin/ Mambalot/ Calasaguen Pala’wan Aribungos/ Amas/ Imulnod/ Ipilan/ Mainit/ Oring-oring Pala’wan

Busuanga Caluit Tagbanua Buluang Tagbanua San Isidro/ Black Island Tagbanua

Coron Coron TAZ* 22, 248 Tara, Malawig, Buenavista Tagbanua

Culion Tambon Is. Tagbanua Bulalacao Is. Tagbanua

El Nido Calebambangan/ Pical Tagbanua

Narra Boong and Dumangueña TAZ* 68.6 Dumangueña, Estrella, Taritien Tagbanua

Puerto Princesa City Maoyon, Babuyan & San Rafael* 1,443 Cabayugan* 5,092 So. Cayasan, Tagabinet* 7,530 Isaub/ Kamuning/ Inagawan/ Inag-Sub/ Montible/ Luzviminda Tagbanua Apurawan Tagbanua Macarascas/ Buenavista Tagbanua Irawan Tagbanua

Quezon So. Galop, Tagusao TAZ* 314.6 Sowangan Pala’wan Maasin/ Isugod/ Kalatagbak Pala’wan Aramaywan/ Berong Tagbanua

Roxas Abaroan TAZ* 896 Tagnipa/ Tinitian Batak

Rizal Campung Ulay and Punta Baja TAZ* 15,093 Culasan/ Canipaan/ Latud/ Taburi Pala’wan

San Vicente Sto. Nino/ Alemanguan Tagbanua

Sofronio Española Isumbo/ Panitian

Taytay Yakal and N. Guinlo* 780

*with PCSD Proclamation

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Table 2. Related Policies on Tribal Ancestral Zone Resolution No. Policy Title

PCSD Resolution 94-63 Resolution amending PCSD re 94-51 granting preferential rights to indigenous cultural communities in the collection and gathering of minor forest products in Palawan

PCSD Resolution 94-51 A policy of giving preferential rights to the ICCs of Palawan to collect and gather minor forest products in the province

PCSD Resolution 97-107 Prescribing the interim policy governing the issuance of licenses for the almaciga resin concessions in Palawan

PCSD Resolution 04-233 A resolution allowing Almaciga tapping by IPs in the core zone in areas classified by the PCSD as Tribal Ancestral Lands pursuant to sec 11 of RA 7611

Memorandum Circular 05-1 Harmonization of the implementation of IPRA and SEP law for Palawan

PCSD Resolution 06-274: Approving harmonization of the implementation of IPRA and SEP law for Palawan

PCSD Resolution 08-375 A resolution amending section V, 4.2 (B) of the Joint NCIP-PCSD Memorandum Circular No. 2005-1

Table 3. Sample of ECAN-Based Activities on TAZ Conserved Area Conserve Area* Current ECAN Zone Proposed ECAN

Zone Reasons for Zone

Updating Dausan Controlled Use Zone Core Zone Sacred Place Paggebgan (Area 1) Restricted and

Controlled Use Zone Core Zone Sacred Place

Paggebgan (Area 2) Controlled Use Zone Restricted Use Zone NTFP gathering Paggebgan (Area 3) Controlled Use Zone Controlled Use Zone NTFP gathering Paggebgan (Area 4) Controlled Use Zone Traditional Use Zone NTFP gathering,

traditional agriculture Paggebgan (Area 5) Controlled Use Zone Multiple Use Zone NTFP gathering,

traditional agriculture Pangaroroyan Core Zone Core Zone Sacred Place Balinsasayaw Restricted Use Zone Restricted Use Zone Sacred place Tiubu Controlled Use Zone Controlled Use Zone Livelihood source Kilala Controlled Use Zone Controlled Use Zone Livelihood source Torotoro (Area 1) Core Zone Core Zone Sacred place Torotoro (Area 2) Restricted Use Zone Restricted Use Zone Sacred place Tinimbanan/ Sabunayaw

Multiple Use Zone Multiple Use Zone Livelihood source

Tagnipa/ Kaybinyutan

Multiple Use Zone Multiple Use Zone Livelihood source

* Area name in native language (Batak)

6.3. Areas of cultural, historical, geological, and anthropological interest

Areas of historical and anthropological significance include the Tabon Cave Reservation in Lipuun Point, Quezon; the Tau’t Bato Reservation in Singnapan Valley, Barangay Ransang, Rizal; the Ile Caves in El Nido; the walled fortresses in Balabac, Cuyo, Linapacan, Taytay, Agutaya, etc.; and other similar sites.

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6.4. Tourism Development Areas

These refer to the identified tourism areas of the national and local government units. These are designated tourism areas supported by national and local ordinances. In Palawan, the national government through Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority (TIEZA) of the Department of Tourism (DOT) declared the whole municipality of San Vicente as their flagship Tourism Economic Zone (TEZ) (see Annex A for further information). A Tourism Master Plan (TMP) was formulated consisting two documents: (1) Integrated Tourism Master Plan (ITMP) and Conceptual Tourism Master Plan (CTMP). This will guide the tourism development for the whole municipality. A closer look at the zoning strategy of TMP, ECAN zonation and the PCSD Res. 05-250 were used as primary reference in designating tourism zones and the allowable activities in each zone. 6.5. NIPAS areas

These refer to protected areas declared under the National Integrated Protected Areas System. Table 4 below is a list of large-scale protected areas in Palawan.

Table 4. NIPAS Areas of Palawan Province Protected Area Municipality Location

Calauit Game Preserve and Wildlife Sanctuary (CGPWS)

Busuanga Calauit Island

Coron Island Protected Landscape Coron Coron Island El Nido-Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area

El Nido, Taytay Portions of El Nido and Taytay Municipalities

Malampaya Sound Protected Landscape and Seascape

Taytay Taytay

Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park Cagayancillo Sulu Sea Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park (PPSRNP)

Puerto Princesa City Northwestern Puerto Princesa City

Palawan Flora, Fauna and Watershed Reserve (PFFWR) / Irawan Watershed Reserve

Puerto Princesa City Barangay Irawan

Rasa Island Wildlife Reserve Narra Rasa Island Mount Mantalingahan Protected Landscape (MMPL)

Quezon, Rizal, Española, Brooke’s Point, Bataraza

Mantalingahan Mountain Range

Ursula Island Bird Sanctuary Bataraza Ursula Island, Sulu Sea Zoning strategy of PAs in the province closely followed the ECAN Zones. In fact, the PAs in the province had adopted the ECAN Zones as the PA Zones (refer to Annex B).

6.6. Other management units 6.6.1. Terrestrial zone

Watershed reserves or forest reserves Municipal parks (terrestrial) Community Based Forestry Management Area (CBFMA) Communal Forest areas ISF and other forest-related tenurial instruments

Insert Photo –jsm

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6.6.2. Coastal/Marine zone Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), marine parks, fish sanctuaries, or marine ecosystem

reserves – may cover different benthic habitats, such as coral reefs, seagrass, and mangroves

Communal fishing grounds Municipal waters – covering the 15 kilometer limit from the shoreline Community Based Mangrove Forest Management Area (CBMFMA) Sanctuaries of rare and endangered species – e.g., turtle nesting sites

Planning for these Special Management Areas cannot be monopolized by one agency or one group of stakeholder. A consultative and participative planning process is advised for SMAs in order for the plan to gain total acceptance by the affected communities and management authorities. 7.0. Framework for ECAN Mainstreaming in the Land Use Planning Process 7.1. Issues and Concerns Addressed by Mainstreaming

Mainstreaming addresses key conservation and development issues on ECAN landscapes and resources in the province. Each locality is faced with differing practical realities, thus ECAN should be contextualized with each specific concerns. The following are some of the major issues and concerns to be considered in mainstreaming process. 7.1.1. Key management issues and concerns

Urbanization of city/municipal centers where there is no in-placed environmental safeguards established thereby polluting adjacent coastal and forest ecosystems

Tourism boom that increases the demand for ecosystem services and goods. Unregulated tourism industry also cause environmental degradation (pollution, tourist attraction destruction)

Borderless trade under BIMP-EAGA (Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia-Philippines East Asia Growth Area)

Population growth due to natural birth and in-migration leading to increase demand of natural resources and encroachment in natural forests

Climate change impacts and natural disaster risks (coral bleaching, wildfires, species lost)

Land use change/ land conversion (e.g., proliferation of plantations into timberland)

Biodiversity loss (resource extraction, wildlife poaching, encroachment by settlements in Core and Restricted Zones and other biodiversity rich areas, multiple and conflicting land uses in biodiversity rich area)

7.1.2. Planning issues and concerns

Competency of LGU planners in ECAN planning and management (technical capacities in integrating different plans)

Availability of information and the cost of gathering data relevant to ECAN Presence of ECAN policies although guidelines in mainstreaming them into CLWUP,

CDP and AIP is lacking Weak coordination among agencies with stake in preparation of land use plan (DENR,

HLURB, NCIP) Planning fatigue due to numerous and simultaneous integration of different important

concerns (CCA/DDR, FLUP, ADSDPP, PAMP, Gender, MPAMP, CH, Etc.)

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7.2. Approach in Mainstreaming

Mainstreaming ECAN into CLWUP requires overlaying of different concerns (plans and maps) stated in previous sections into the adopted municipal ECAN Map. This will check the compliance of different municipal plans to the ECAN map and will identify possible conflicts in land uses needing resolutions. It also requires information from recent studies that can be located on the ground and that will affect the configuration of ECAN. Table 5 shows the physical integration of land use zones CLWUP suggested by the HLURB and ECAN zones. As earlier stated, CLWUP Zones should be aligned with the ECAN Zones.

Table 5. Alignment matrix of HLURB Zones and ECAN Zones

Detailed Zoning Classification (HLURB) C

ore

Zon

e

Buffer Zone

Mul

tiple

Use

Zon

e

Coa

stal

/Mar

ine

Cor

e Z

one

Multiple Use Zone

Res

tric

ted

Use

Z

one

Con

trol

led

Use

Z

one

Tra

ditio

nal U

se

Zon

e

Sus

tain

able

/ G

ener

al u

se

zone

Tra

nsiti

on/

Buf

fer

zone

1. General Residential Zone (GRZ) - An area within a city or municipality for dwelling/ housing purposes

x x x x √ x x x 2. Socialized Housing Zone (SHZ) - Shall be used principally for socialized housing/ dwelling purposes for the underprivileged and homeless as defined in RA 7279

x x x x √ x x x

3. Low Density Residential Zone (R-1) - An area WITHIN A CITY OR MUNICIPALITY principally for dwelling/ housing purposes with a density of 20 dwelling units and below per hectare

x x x x √ x x x

4. Medium Density Residential Zone (R-2) - An area WITHIN A CITY OR MUNICIPALITY principally for dwelling/ housing purposes with a density of 21 to 65 dwelling units per hectare

x x x x √ x x x

5. High Density Residential Zone (R-3)- A subdivision of an area principally for dwelling/ housing purposes with a density of 66 or more dwelling units per hectare

x x x x √ x x x

6. General Commercial Zone (GCZ) -An area within a city or municipality for trading/ services/ business purposes

x x x x √ x x x 7. Low Density Commercial Zone (C-1)-An area WITHIN A CITY OR MUNICIPALITY principally for trade, services and business activities ordinarily referred to as the Central Business District

x x x x √ x x x

8. Medium Density Commercial Zone (C-2) -An area WITHIN A CITY OR MUNICIPALITY with quasi-trade business activities and service industries performing complementary/ supplementary functions to principally commercial zone (CBD)

x x x x √ x x x

9. High Density Commercial Zone (C-3)- An area within a city or municipality intended for regional shopping centers such as large malls and other commercial activities which are regional in scope or where market activities generate traffic and require utilities and services that extend beyond local boundaries and requires metropolitan level development planning and implementation. E.g. high rise hotels, sports stadium or sports complexes are also allowable in this zone

x x x x √ x x x

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Detailed Zoning Classification (HLURB)

Cor

e Z

one

Buffer Zone

Mul

tiple

Use

Zon

e

Coa

stal

/Mar

ine

Cor

e Z

one

Multiple Use Zone

Res

tric

ted

Use

Z

one

Con

trol

led

Use

Z

one

Tra

ditio

nal U

se

Zon

e

Sus

tain

able

/ G

ener

al u

se

zone

Tra

nsiti

on/

Buf

fer

zone

10. Light Industrial Zone (I-1) - A subdivision of an area principally for the following types of industries: a. non-pollutive/ non-hazardous b. non-pollutive/ hazardous

x x x x √ x x x

11. Medium Industrial Zone (I-2) - A subdivision of an area principally for the following types of industries: a. pollutive/ non-hazardous b. pollutive/ hazardous

x x x x √ x x x

12. Heavy Industrial Zone (I-3) - A subdivision of an area principally for the following types of industries: a. Highly pollutive/ non-hazardous b. Highly pollutive/ hazardous c. Highly pollutive/ extremely hazardous d. Pollutive/ extremely hazardous e. Non-pollutive/extremely hazardous

x x x x √ x x x

13. General Institutional Zone (GIZ) - An area WITHIN A CITY OR MUNICIPALITY principally for general types of institutional establishments e.g. government offices, schools, hospital/ clinics, academic/research, convention centers

x x x x √ x x x

14. Special Institutional Zone (SIZ) - An area WITHIN A CITY OR MUNICIPALITY principally for particular types of institutional establishments e.g. welfare homes, orphanages, home for the aged, rehabilitation and training centers, military camps/ reservation/ bases/ training grounds, etc.

x x x x √ x x x

15. Agricultural Zone (AGZ) - An area WITHIN A CITY OR MUNICIPALITY INTENDED for cultivation/ fishing and pastoral activities (e.g. fish, farming, cultivation of crops, goats/ cattle raising etc.)

x x x x √ x √ √

16. Agro-Industrial Zone (AIZ) - An area WITHIN A CITY OR MUNICIPALITY INTENDED primarily for integrated farm operations and related product processing activities such as plantation for bananas, pineapple, sugar, etc.

x x x x √ x x x

17. Forest Zone (FZ) - An area WITHIN A CITY OR MUNICIPALITY INTENDED primarily for forest purposes

√ √ √ √ √ √ x x 18. Parks and other Recreation Zone (PRZ) -An area designed for diversion/ amusements and for the maintenance of ecological balance of the community

x x x x √ x √ x

19. Water Zone (WZ) - Are bodies of water WITHIN CITIES AND MUNICIPALITIES which include rivers, streams, lakes and seas except those included in other zone classification

x x x √ √ x √ √

20. Tourist Zone (TZ) - Are sites within cities and municipalities endowed with natural or manmade physical attributes and resources that are conducive to recreation, leisure and other wholesome activities

* * * * √ * √ √

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Detailed Zoning Classification (HLURB)

Cor

e Z

one

Buffer Zone

Mul

tiple

Use

Zon

e

Coa

stal

/Mar

ine

Cor

e Z

one

Multiple Use Zone

Res

tric

ted

Use

Z

one

Con

trol

led

Use

Z

one

Tra

ditio

nal U

se

Zon

e

Sus

tain

able

/ G

ener

al u

se

zone

Tra

nsiti

on/

Buf

fer

zone

* soft impact tourism only as defined in PCSD Res. 06-270 Another level of mainstreaming ECAN is integrating programs and projects identified in the ERMP into the CLWUP. Moreover, there are sections in the ERMP that can be migrated or used in the chapters/ sections of the CLWUP. Table 6 shows the link between the ERMP and CLWUP.

Table 6. CLWUP Chapters and ERMP Chapters

Planning Process ERM Plan Chapter/ Contents CLWUP/ZO Chapter/ Sections Profiling Municipal Profile:

1. Geographic Location and Area 2. Physical Environment with identified Special Management Area 3. Biological Environment 4. Social, Cultural and Economic Profile 5. Land and Water Use Profile 6. Ecological footprint (carrying capacity)

Inputs to CLWUP profiling and situation analysis

Situational Analysis

1. Integrated Threats Analysis Inputs to CLWUP/CDP situation analysis

Management Plan Formulation

1. Sectoral Goals and Objectives 2. ECAN Management Strategies 3. Harmonized ECAN Zones and HLURB Zones (ECAN Zones) 4. Management standards & guidelines 5. Management structure & institutional arrangement (ECAN Board)

1. Inputs to CLWUP Vision and Mission 2. Spatial strategies 3. Zoning scheme 4. Use regulations 5. Institution and governance 6. Programs and projects

Implementation Planning

Work Plan of identified programs and responsible agency

Implementation plan Investment Plan Monitoring and Evaluation

7.3. Guide Matrix for Mainstreaming

The process of mainstreaming ECAN is consistent to the land use planning process prescribed by the HLURB. It will follow the existing 12-step process based on existing guidelines12 prescribed for the LGU. This process is widely known and accepted by the LGUs and it is practical that mainstreaming ECAN will be facilitated in the same process they are familiar with. Figure 4 describes the general information to be incorporated in the local planning process whereas table 7 provides specific data to be mainstreamed in each of the processes. This is supplemented by Tables 8 and 9 suggesting matrices for drafting Ecanized CLWUP and Ecanized ZO.

12 HLURB 2013. CLWUP Guidebook: A Guide to Comprehensive Land Use Plan Preparation. Vol. 1

Page | 17

Figure 4. Entry points of Mainstreaming SEP/ECAN in the CLWUP Planning Process

SEP

principles of

SD

ECAN mapping

and integration

of SEP ECAN

objectives

ECAN zones as

basis of general

land use zones;

ECAN

management

framework as

basis of land

use strategies

Data

gathering

Policies and

guidelines

compliant to

SEP ECAN

Implementation

of ECAN

Program in the

E-CLUP

Page | 18

Table 7. Guide Matrix for Mainstreaming the Environmentally Critical Areas Network (ECAN) in the Comprehensive Land and Water Use Plan (CLWUP) Process – modified version

Entry Points What to mainstream How to mainstream Step HLURB Planning Process Plan Chapter ECAN Concerns Data inputs needed and sources Process and Methods of Mainstreaming13

1 Getting organized -Organization & Meeting of planning team (Planning team of PPDO,MPDO and PCSD) -Getting endorsement/ approval from SP/SB -Preparation of Work Program

CLWUP Organization

- Determine the level of CLWUP's alignment/ conformity to ECAN (if CLWUP is already finished)

- Organize/ reconstitute TWG (PCSDS as a member)

- ECAN board to propose and plan Mainstreaming SD and ECAN into CLWUP

- Assess the compliance to SEP Framework (SD) (if CLWUP is finished)

- Legal mandate (SEP 7611) - Revised ECAN guidelines (PCSD

Resolution No. 05-250 & 06-270) and other ECAN policies

- Operationalization of ECAN board (PCSD AO 10 s. 2005) through Municipal/City ordinance or resolution

- Organization & Meeting of planning team (Planning team of MPDO and PCSD

- TWG membership - ECAN Board to endorse to LGU the

ECANization of CLWUP including its budgetary requirements

2 Identify stakeholders -Listing of stakeholders -Action Planning -Information dissemination

Stakeholders’ Analysis

- List of stakeholders - comparison of ECAN board14 and CLWUP

stakeholder’s15 composition and other concerned agencies

- Implement IEC plan on CLWUP- ECAN integration

- PA 21 stakeholders16 (Basic sectors and Intermediaries)

- ECAN Board members - Legal mandate on ECANization - CLWUP Guidelines - IEC materials emphasizing messages

on the significance of SEP and ECAN strategy

- Conduct workshop/s to identify stakeholders to be involved in the planning activities

- Conduct of stakeholders’ analysis - Basic information materials on

mainstreaming ECAN into CLWUP - Prepare action plan for involving

stakeholders in planning

3 Setting the Vision -Conduct of visioning workshops

Vision and Mission

- Inclusion of SEP Mission17 and Vision18 - Inclusion of SD19 goals in the vision

statement

- SEP Law - PCSD Res. 05-250 - PSDSAP

- Stakeholders’ Visioning and Mission workshop

- Revisit vision to include sustainable

13 Methods are flexible and will be based on the approved budget of the LGU aassuming that the LGU will take the lead role on the updating/ revision of CLWUP 14 ECAN Board composition (PCSD AO 10 Sec. 7): (1) City/ Municipal Mayor/local chief executive, (2) vice mayor, (3) PCSDS DM/Rep, (4) C/MPDO, (5) President of League of Brgys., (6) Chairperson of SB/SP Committee on Environment, (7) C/M ENRO, (8) DENR-CENRO Rep, (9) NGO/PO Rep, (10) IP Rep, (11) Rep from other necessary agencies/sectors such as SK, DAR, NCIP, PNP, AFP, Academe, Business, Women, etc. 15 CLWUP stakeholders may include the ff: (1)Planning Team, (2) Local Development Council (LDC) members, (3) Local executives, legislators, special bodies, (4) Community, (5) Non-resident employees/ workers, (6) Private utility companies, (7) NGO, (8) NGA 16 Basic Sectors = farmers and landless rural workers, fisherfolk, indigenous peoples, urban poor, and other disadvantaged groups such as workers in the informal sector, children and youth, persons with disabilities, elderly, disaster victims and overseas contract workers; Intermediaries = formal institutions that include the national and local government units, business and private sectors, non-government organizations, church-based organizations, civic groups and professional associations, mass media and the international community 17 To be the professional executing agency for the PCSD in pursuance of Republic Act 7611, the SEP, which aims to promote development, conservation, management, protection and utilization of the natural resources of Palawan for the present and future generations 18 To be a united, committed and competent partner in development through holistic integration of environmental protection with relevant land use planning and rational use of Palawan's natural resources with the SEP Framework in order to improve the quality of life in Palawan 19 means the improvement in the quality of life of the present and future generations through the complementation of development and environmental protection activities

Page | 19


-Adoption of Vision and informing the public

- Refined SDGs as applicable to Palawan

development goals (SDGs) - Local communities, government

institutions, NGOs, academe and the private sector participate in the process of vision and mission statement formulation

4 Situation Analysis -Sectoral Studies and Physical/land use studies -Base map preparation -Data gathering and land use surveys -Mapping of results -Consultation/ Validation workshops -Needs/Issues analysis and projections -Cross sectoral analysis and integration

Situation analysis

- Collection of ECAN-related information (topography, slope, critical habitats, species, critical watersheds, land use/land cover, land classification, SMAs, etc.)

- Collection of existing environmental researches

- Identifying ECAN-related issues, needs, and potential with spatial component

- Participatory 3-D Modeling20 (optional) - Ancestral mapping of IPs/Tribal Areas

- Sectoral Studies and Physical/land use studies

- ECAN Map - Studies on ECAN-related biophysical

information - Thematic maps - Results of consultation/validation (if

sectoral studies are already finished) - Collection of data from EMES (water

quality, rainfall, coastal resources condition)

- Situational Analysis in the ERMP - Table 4 of this guidebook

- Conduct workshop and consultations/ FGDs/ KII

- Inclusion of ECAN-related data/information into the sectoral studies

- ECAN-related issues with proposed solutions

- Below is related to goals/objectives setting 1. Ecological viability

- set of checklist based on PCSD Res. 05-250 & 06-270 (this will determine allowable activities in each zone)

2. Social Acceptability (a) participatory process; (b) committed to support SD; (c) equity in access to resources and benefits

(can look in the process of consultations/ validation)

3. Integrated approach = holistic view a) City/ Municipality

Profiling

Physical and socioeconomic profile. -Geo-physical environment and natural resources -Population and Social Services -Local Economy -Infrastructure and Physical base -Institutional capability Refer to DILG Guidelines on

- Presence of terrestrial and aquatic (freshwater and marine) biodiversity- rich areas: location, extent and present status (PA or KBA/CH).

- Local ordinances on environment and natural resources conservation

- Presence of thematic map or zoning map - Ancestral mapping of IPs/Tribal Areas - Local efforts to pursue SD goals - Local efforts to harmonize ECAN-related

policies - Participatory 3-D Modeling

- ECAN Zones Map with descriptions of locations and statistical distribution of zones are made a part of the Locality Profile

- Zones for biodiversity conservation - Areas for upland stabilization - Lowland and urban area management - CRM + MPA Management - Data including maps on protected

areas and KBAs/CHs - Results of biodiversity assessment

studies - PCSD Policies on zoning

- Stakeholders’ participation and validation in area profiling through consultation/ FGDs/ workshop

- Inclusion ECAN map in the area profile - Description each zones and their

significance. - Compilation and summary of existing

local ordinances on sustainable development

- Description of efforts (local policies, programs, projects and activities) of LGUs, national government agencies, NGOs and other locally-based

20 Adapted from Participatory 3-Dimensional Modeling: Guiding Principles and Applications

Page | 20


Ecological Profiling for details

- Local ordinances on SD - Inventory of legislations, programs,

projects and activities undertaken in the locality to pursue SD

organizations on attaining SD in the municipality

- Creation of a 3-D relief model of the municipality (optional)

b) Situation Analysis

Area and sectoral: -Issues & Problems -Gaps & constraints identification and analysis - Zonal conflicts - Institutional conflicts

- Activities and land uses causing degradation of ecosystems

- Growing threats to PA/KBA/CH - ECAN Zone-Land use conflicts and

measures undertaken to resolve such conflicts

- Gaps and constraints in resolving issues and problems ECAN zone (policies, institutional and technical constraints).

- Existing land uses and all activities near and within important ECAN Zones

- Existing and proposed development activities and projects near or within Core and Restricted Use Zones

- Existing policies, plans & programs on each sector

- Overlay of maps of all existing land uses and zoning maps and note the spatial direction of agriculture, commercial and settlements or urban expansion in general

- Overlay of proposed development projects with ECAN map

- Impact assessment of existing land use and proposed development projects on each ECAN zones (inclusion of EIA results to the planning process)

- Asses existing policies, plans & programs related to SD

- Assess local institutional capacity to plan and implement SD plans, programs and projects

- Stakeholders’ participation and validation in issues and gaps assessment

Development potentials and constraints:

- Existence and status ECAN zoning (05-250) - Location of multiple, buffer and core zones

- LGU control map – DENR, LGU and PAMB

- ECAN Zones Map (detailed per barangay)

- Permitted and disallowed uses per zonal type (PCSD Res. 05-250 and PCSD AO 6)

- Overlay of proposed development projects within the LGU control map

- Map of areas (strict protection zone) where any form of development is not allowed

- Map of areas (buffer and multiple use zones) where certain land uses and activities are allowed

- Stakeholders’ participation and validation in development potentials and constraints mapping

5 Setting the Goals and Objectives -Goals and objectives formulation workshops

Setting of goals and objectives

- Setting of goals and objectives for sustainable development

- PDPFP, RPFP, FLUP, CRMP, MDRRMP, MSWMP, CCAP, TMP, PSDSAP, PBSAP, etc.

- RA 7611, ECAN guidelines - Ecological Footprint

- Inclusion of the goals and objectives on SD in plans or related documents based on the results of the situational analysis

- Stakeholders’ consultation on goals and objective setting

Page | 21


- Sectoral goals and objectives in the ERMP

6 Establishing Desired Development Thrusts and Defining Spatial Strategies

Spatial development strategies (Alternative spatial strategies)

- Parameters and criteria in zoning of ECAN terrestrial, coastal and tribal zones as identified in RA 7611, PCSD Res. 05-250, and other PCSD ECAN policy issuances

- Executive Legelative Agenda (ELA), MTDP

- Slope Map - Land Cover - Topographic map - Maps of PA/KBA/CH and SMAs - Topographic map - Area (ha) of each zone - Table 4 of this guidebook

- Overlaying of maps - Consultation with stakeholders to build

consensus - Ground validation if necessary

Sectoral development strategies and policies

- Integration of ECAN policies related to agriculture, forestry, fishery, IPs and Ancestral domains, Tourism

- ECAN Policies related to each sector - Review of ECAN policies related to each sector

- Consultation with stakeholders to build consensus

7 Preparing the Land Use Plan

Development constraints and development suitable areas

- Location and extent of ECAN zones - Developmental activities in the allowable

ECAN zones - Integration of Ecological Footprint - Conflicting land uses with ECAN and

suggested measures to address them

- Maps of ECAN zones - Proposed Zone per HLURB definition - Allowable activities per PCSD Res. 05-

250 (Sec 10 & 12; PCSD Res. 06-270) - PCSD AO 6 - Hazard map, CCA Studies - Table 4 of this guidebook

- Plotting of ECAN map on existing land use map

- Digitizing and/or overlay of new/ existing maps including those with conflict to ECAN

- Determine suitable uses in multiple use zone

- Preparation of proposed land use map integrating ECAN concerns

- Stakeholders’ participation on mapping of development constrained and development suitable areas

Projected demand for land to meet sectoral development needs and projected population

- Exclusion of ECAN Core and restricted use zones in supply inventory of available lands for development (not soft-impact)

- Exclusion of other biodiversity-rich and critical areas such as KBA/ M/PA/ CH

- Exclusion of reserve areas

- Detailed maps of ECAN zones per barangay

- Existing Land Use map, approved zoning map of LGU

- Zoning of KBA/PA/CH, FLU, Reservation sites, MPA

- PCSD 05-250, AO 6, TAZ and SMAs - Table 4 of this guidebook

- Measurement of spatial extent of each zone

- Measurement of spatial extent of multiple and traditional use zone for agriculture and forest production and settlements development

- Stakeholders’ participation on land demand and supply assessment

Existing land use and Detailed Land use planning in ECAN - Existing land use and activities in the - Overlay existing land use map with ECAN

Page | 22


preferred spatial strategies (preferred urban form)

Multiple Use Zone - Potential impacts of the existing land use

trend and pattern and spatial growth strategies (Preferred Urban Form) on ecological services of ecosystems

- Strategies and measures to manage the impacts of urban and sectoral development on ecosystems

- Cost-benefits analysis of the entry of economic industries (e.i. tourism, mining, agricultural) to ecosystems

peripheries and inside Core and Restricted Use Zone, PA/CH/KBA, FLU, MPA

- Monitoring report of EMED - Valuation studies and Cost-benefit

analysis and other reference materials - Management and mitigation of adverse

impacts of land uses – EIA safeguards and related studies

- Vulnerability and hazard maps - Table 4 of this guidebook - PCSD 05-250

Map - Overlay existing land use map with PA

and CH/AIBC map and zonation map when available

- Assessment of potential impacts of existing land use and spatial strategies (preferred urban growth form) on ecological services of ecosystems

- Identification of strategies and measures to manage the impacts of urban and sectoral development on ecosystems

- Stakeholders’ participation on spatial strategy formulation and impact assessment

Proposed land use plan (general and urban land use plan – land allocation to different uses)

- Proposed suitable land uses in ECAN multiple, traditional and Controlled use zones

- Delineation of ECAN Core and Restricted Use zones, PA/ CH/ KBA/ TAZ/ in proposed land use map

- Proposed compatible land uses in ECAN multiple, traditional and Controlled use zones

- ECAN zones map - M/PA/ CH map - Zonation map - Existing land uses – multiple and buffer

zones – DENR-PAWB, PAMB and CLWUP – LGU

- Results of community mapping from BLUP (if available) and other from other land use consultation

- FLUP

- Overlay ECAN Core and Restricted Zones, PA/CH/KBA in proposed land use map

- Overlay existing land use in ECAN Multiple, Traditional, Controlled Use Zones and determine suitable land uses (PCSD Res. 05-250 & PCSD Res. 06-270)

- Stakeholders’ participation in determining proposed land uses in multiple and buffer zones (controlled and traditional)

8 Drafting the Zoning Ordinance

Zoning scheme and zoning ordinance

- Integration of SEP/ ECAN zonation in the city/municipal zoning scheme and ordinance

- Establishment of land use regulations for the zonal types of ECAN

- Coordination between ECAN Board and the City/Municipal Council for the enforcement of zoning including permitting system and locational clearance

- ECAN Zones, PA/CH/ KBA zonation - City/Municipal Zoning map (existing

and proposed) – CLWUP – LGU - Allowable and prohibited land uses and

activities on ECAN zonation classes; PA/KBA/CH/ FLU zonation classes

- Zoning regulations for each zone for urban and general land uses – Zoning ordinance (existing and proposed) – LGU; PCSD Res. 05-250 and PCSD environment-related polices

- ECAN Board composition and responsibilities

- Overlay of ECAN zones; M/PA/ CH/ KBA zonation and city/municipal zoning for integration. ECAN Core & Restricted Use

- Integration of ECAN zoning regulations (05-250 & 06-270) in the city/municipal zoning ordinance and resolution of conflicts or incompatibilities in other zones

- Agreement between the ECAN Board and Local Decision body (e.g.,Sangunian Bayan) on the zoning scheme and ordinance

Page | 23


- City/municipal Council composition and responsibilities – LGU

- Identify allowable uses in multiple and buffer zones (controlled and traditional zones)

9 Conduct of Public Hearing -Conduct of Public Hearings and Consultation -Refinement of Draft CLWUP and ZO

Review and approval of CLWUP and Zoning Ordinance

- Highlighting ECAN system as basis for CLWUP

- Proposed CLWUP and ZO with ECAN concerns mainstreamed

- Conduct of public hearing on proposed CLWUP and ZO with harmonized land use and zoning to get comments from stakeholders

- Incorporate agreed changes in the CLWUP and ZO

10 CLWUP Review/Adoption and Approval -Endorsement for review of appropriate body *Conduct of review by appropriate body *Return of CLWUP to LGU for refinement *Refinement of CLWUP *SB/SP Adoption of refined CLWUP

Review and approval of CLWUP and Zoning Ordinance

- ECAN strategy is maintained in the refinement, review and approval process

- See flowchart (Annex A) approval is dependent on the review and approval of SB/ SP/ PLUC

- Revised proposed CLWUP and ZO with inputs from stakeholders resulting from the public hearing

- Presentation to SP/SB for review and adoption integrating ECAN strategy

- Refinement of CLWUP and ZO based on the comments and suggestions of PLUC/RLUC and HLURB for Highly Urbanized Cities and Independent Component Cities.

- Obtain approval of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan or HLURB of the revised CLWUP and ZO

11 Implementing the CLWUP -Strict implementation of the ECANized CLWUP / zoning ordinance

CLWUP Implementation Plan

- Include ECAN strategy/programs identified at the ERMP that can be implemented by LGUs.

- Establish organization and coordination mechanisms between LGU and PCSD/S to implement CLWUP and ZO with ECAN components

- Proposed ECAN strategy programs approved by stakeholders including DENR, HLURB and LGUs.

- Coordinate with the ECAN Board on the implementation of the CLWUP and ZO

- Conduct IEC for Barangay LGUs and communities

Programs Identification Sectoral development programs Cross-cutting programs

- ECAN Management programs in ERMP/ PSDSAP integrated into CLWUP

- ERMP, Catchment Management Plans, Cave Management Plan, CH Management Plan, River Management Plan and related documents

- PCSD 05-250, 06-270 and other PCSD programs

- Identification of programs to address issues and problems including threats to ecosystems

- Incorporation of EZP (if available) in the Environmental Management Sector of the CLWUP

- Participation of ECAN Board and Sangunian Bayan in the identification and selection of ecosystems conservation programs

Projects Identification and Proposed projects and - ECAN strategies are identified and - Proposed ECAN programs and projects - Identification of projects addressing

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Prioritization

priority list

prioritized for funding and implementation by LGUs

- ERMP (if available), Caves

Management Plan, River, etc.

critical issues and problems - Criteria and rating for project prioritization - Identification of sources and establishment

of fund for identified ECAN projects (e.g., user charges and fees, payment for ecological services, donors’ grants, etc.)

- Participation of Local Development Council in the selection and prioritization of projects

12 Monitoring, reviewing and Evaluating the CLWUP

Monitoring and Evaluation of CLWUP and ZO

- Establish indicators for compliance and impact monitoring and evaluation of ECAN concerns in the CLWUP and Zoning ordinance

- Allowable activities per PCSD Res. 05-250; ERMP (if available)

- Formulate M&E indicators and implementation system for ECAN component

- Base the M&E indicators on the local development indicators or local development watch indicators of DILG and EMES (to be developed)

- Establish partnership mechanism and operational guidelines with ECAN Board in the implementation of the M&E for ECAN

Establishing and Implementing the M&E system

Monitoring and evaluation system

- ECAN strategies are properly implemented - Performance of ECAN programs and

projects are determined - Land use changes in ECAN are monitored

and regulated

- Monitoring and performance evaluation system for ECAN programs and projects (05-250, River Management Plans, Catchment, CH, etc.)

- Benchmark data for M&E from existing

plans - Land use maps (historical record)

- Monitoring system for ECAN Zones established and integrated into the CLWUP implementation plan

- Criteria for evaluating performance of ECAN Strategy established and integrated into the CLWUP implementation plan

- Performance evaluation system measures program success and effectiveness.

- Tracking of land use changes, trends and spatial directions

- Participation of LGU planners in the design and implementation of the M&E system

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Table 8. Template for Writing ECAN-Compliant CLWUP21 Topic Content Description (Sample thematic map)

PRELIMINARY PAGES Messages Resolution adopting the Ecanized CLWUP and enacting the Ecanized ZO

Foreword

Explain purpose, context and limitations of the proposed Ecanized CLWUP

Legal and enabling ordinance or guidelines adopted or complied with in the preparation of the proposed CLWUP a. Legal and institutional mandate for Land Use Planning

- Include RA 7611 and its legal implications. Refer to Section 6 of RA 7611

b. Framework for CLWUP (provide section for ECAN as general physical framework - Framework or mainstreaming ECAN in CLWUP Guide

matrix c. Planning standards, building codes, building permitting

process, and zoning requirements - Include ECAN Regulations related to zoning – PCSD Res.

05-250, 06-270, AO 6)

Significant(new) insights and areas adopted or included in the new CLWUP compared to previous/existing CLWUP (i.e. inclusion of climate change/disaster risk/threats; adoption of integrated eco-systems approach (i.e. ridge-to-reef); Citizen Report Card, and other significant changes not seen from previous/existing CLWUP)

Acknowledgement Table of Contents List of Maps List of Figures List of Tables List of Acronyms and Glossary of Terms

I. BRIEF PROFILE OF CITY/MUNICIPALITY (GENERAL INFORMATION) A. Brief History LGU legal and socio-cultural history

Inter-LGU and Inter-governmental bodies existing Other significant local institutional and governance platforms

and programs adopted/innovations - Include the creation and operation of ECAN Board as

management body implementing the SEP Recent recognition and awards obtained from

international/national/regional or private award giving bodies B. Demographic Profile Brief summary of the population: total, composition, distribution

and projection C. Geographic location Brief profile of watershed/sub-watershed coverage, its equivalent

to ECAN system and locations under which the LGUs is part of from its headwaters down to catchment and outflow areas in the coastal/municipal waters

Significant national or regional/sub-national characteristics or value (e.g. biodiversity, cultural-historical, traditional, or functional) of local watershed/sub-watershed ecosystems of the LGU

Watershed/sub-watershed map covering the political boundaries of LGUs within the watershed at1:50,000; barangay political

21 CLUP Template of HLURB modified to conform with ECAN and SEP

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Topic Content Description (Sample thematic map) boundaries within the LGU and the watershed/sub-watershed divide covered at1:20,000)

Note: Suggested scale for watershed/sub-watershed level at1:50,000; within LGU jurisdiction at1:20,000 or at suitable scale

Territorial jurisdiction and Barangay subdivision

Physical and locational characteristics, including land area, boundaries, covered barangays, etc.

A. Physical Features and Environmental Condition

Summary description of the natural biophysical environment (see content list in Vol.3 of the CLWUP document “Sectoral and Special Area Studies”) All relevant thematic and sectoral maps, ECAN map, vegetative

cover, contour, drainage/flooding, general land use, tenurial conditions, hazards, climate risk/disaster risk projection maps, etc. at suitable scale

Projection and expansion thematic maps and coverage areas, etc. at suitable scale

B. Existing Land Use and Land Use Trends

Major trends/shifts in land tenure (i.e. CADC/CADT issuance)/conversion arrangements (i.e. establishments of special economic zones/industrial areas)

Report of level of CLWUP target outcomes reached in the implementation of previous/current CLWUP

Impact of shift/trend in the ECAN zones Issues, gaps, challenges and accomplishments achieved in

previous/current CLWUP implementation C. Infrastructure, Facilities and Utilities

Includes major physical infrastructure projects (i.e. major dams/energy facilities, regional/sub-national transport/road network and facilities, etc.)

Infrastructure and road network maps at 1:50,000 (provincial-municipal); municipal/city-level local road network at 1:20,000 or suitable scale

Overlay of items C to I on the ECAN Zones

D. Transportation/ Road Network E. Social Services facilities/ utilities/ amenities F. Agriculture and Agri- Industry Facilities G. Power, Water, Communication Network H. Waste Management I. Economic Structure Economic Base

a. Primary b. Secondary c. Tertiary

J. Development Constraints: Priority issues and concerns

Issues, gaps, challenges and opportunities seen from the existing baseline levels and projection/estimates of key LGU conditions and how the LGUs intended to address these

Benefits of complying to the standards of SEP/ ECAN Nature of constraints/conflicts of development to ECAN Zones,

policies and regulations and suggested measures to address these Land use-related impacts of major climate-related or geophysical

disaster events or occurrence during the current CLWUP implementation period

K. Comparative Advantages and Competitive Edge L. Functional Role of the City/Municipality

I. THE COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN A. Vision, Mission, Goals and Objectives

Agreed upon CLWUP vision, goals, objectives and development thrusts

Key new or significant elements of proposed CLWUP vision; highlights and difference from current CLWUP

Inclusion of SD principles in the context of SEP and ECAN B. Development Strategies Potential direct/indirect impacts of proposed national/ regional/

provincial plans and targets Agreed upon CLWUP development outcome and output

indicators Proposed development thrust and spatial strategies and options

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Topic Content Description (Sample thematic map) Analysis and evaluation of development thrusts and spatial

strategies and options C. Development Concept and Structure Plan (text and map)

Proposed CLWUP Outcome and Output Indicators Targeted Land Use Allocation and Proposed Expansion/

Recovery/ Rehabilitation Areas/ ECAN allocation per zone Proposed Concept Map and Structure Plan (with several options) Over-all land use allocation areas and expansion/threat areas (i.e.

bubble maps/ schematic maps) D. The Land Use Plan (Text and Map Format)

Proposed Land Use Plan and Map Detailed land use allocation and sectoral maps including ECAN

map and its proposed revision (upgrading and downgrading) Sectoral and special areas plans and maps such as ancestral

lands, cultural/heritage zones, biodiversity corridors, protected areas/land and seascapes, eco-tourism/tourism estates/zones, special economic zones, SAFDZs, Tribal Ancestral Zones, resettlement/socialized housing areas, inter-nodal transport areas/ zones, etc.

E. Land and Water Use Policies Policies that will govern the specific land and water uses in the entire city/municipality

SEP and ECAN policies and regulations (05-250, 06-270, PCSD AO 6 & 10, etc.)

CCA and DRRM policies F. Major Development Programs Refers to major programs that has also gone through the

prioritization process of the cross and intersectoral analysis meant to drive the development of the LGU. From this list, CDP process will put it in the investment program LDIP

May include major program identified in the ECAN Resource Management Program

Key priority development projects and areas, i.e. spatial locations, expansion areas and targeted communities/constituencies that will support the achievement of the desired development goals and outcomes of the

Local investment and planning incentive areas/zoned maps/areas G. CLWUP and ZO Implementation Strategy/Arrangement

Approved Institutional Structure and Systems and Procedures

mainstreaming the environmentally critical areas network ... ecan into...pcsds. 2015. mainstreaming...

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