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PSYCHOLOGY

PAPER - I

Foundations of Psychology

1. Introduction:Definition of Psychology;

Historical antecedents of Psychology and trends in the 21st century;Psychology and scientific methods;Psychology in relation to other social sciences and natural sciences;Application of Psychology to societal problems.

2. Methods of Psychology:Types of research: Descriptive, evaluative, diagnosticand prognostic;Methods of Research: Survey, observation, case-study andexperiments;Characteristics of experimental design and non-experimentaldesign, Quasi-experimental designs; Focussed group discussions, brainstorming, grounded theory approach.

3. Research Methods:Major steps in Psychological research (problem

statement, hypothesis formulation, research designs, sampling, tools of datacollection, analysis and interpretation and report writing)Fundamental versus applied research;

Methods of data collection (interview, observation,questionnaire);Research designs (ex-post facto and experimental);Application of statistical technique (t - test, two way ANOVA correlation,regression and factor analysis); Item response theory.

4. Development of Human Behaviour:Growth and development;Principles of development,

Role of genetic and environmental factors in determininghuman behaviour;Influence of cultural factors in socialization;Life span development - Characteristics, development tasks,

promoting psychological well-being across major stages of the life span.5. Sensation, Attention and Perception:

Sensation: concepts of threshold, absolute and difference thresholds,signal-detection and vigilance;Factors influencing attention including set and characteristics of stimulus;Definitionand concept of perception, biological factors in perception;Perceptualorganization-influence of past experiences,perceptual defence-factors influencing space and depth perception,size estimation and perceptual readiness; The plasticity of perception;Extrasensory perception; Culture and perception, Subliminal perception.

6. Learning:Concept and theories of learning (Behaviourists, Gestaltalist and


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Information processing models); The Processes of extinction, discriminationand generalization; Programmed learning, probability learning, selfinstructionallearning, concepts; Types and the schedules of reinforcement,

escape, avoidance and punishment, modeling and social learning.7. Memory: Encoding and remembering; Short term memory, Long term

memory, Sensory memory, Iconic memory, Echoic memory: The Multistoremodel, levels of processing; Organization and Mnemonic techniques to improvememory; Theories of forgetting: decay, interference and retrieval failure:Metamemory; Amnesia: Anterograde and retrograde.

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8. Thinking and Problem Solving: Piagets theory of cognitive development;Concept formation processes; Information processing, Reasoning and problemsolving, Facilitating and hindering factors in problem solving, Methods ofproblem solving: Creative thinking and fostering creativity; Factors influencingdecision making and judgment; Recent trends.9. Motivation and Emotion: Psychological and physiological basis of motivation

and emotion; Measurement of motivation and emotion; Effects of motivationand emotion on behaviour; Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation; Factorsinfluencing intrinsic motivation; Emotional competence and the related issues.10. Intelligence and Aptitude: Concept of intelligence and aptitude, Natureand theories of intelligence - Spearman, Thurstone, Gullford Vernon, Sternbergand J.P; Das; Emotional Intelligence, Social intelligence, measurement ofintelligence and aptitudes, concept of IQ, deviation IQ, constancy of IQ;Measurement of multiple intelligence; Fluid intelligence and crystallizedintelligence.11. Personality: Definition and concept of personality; Theories of personality(psychoanalytical, socio-cultural, interpersonal, developmental, humanistic,

behaviouristic, trait and type approaches); Measurement of personality(projective tests, pencil-paper test); The Indian approach to personality;Training for personality development; Latest approaches like big 5 factortheory; The notion of self in different traditions.12. Attitudes, Values and Interests: Definition of attitudes, values and interests;Components of attitudes; Formation and maintenance of attitudes;Measurement of attitudes, values and interests; Theories of attitude change;Strategies for fostering values; Formation of stereotypes and prejudices;Changing others behaviour; Theories of attribution; Recent trends.13. Language and Communication: Human language - Properties, structureand linguistic hierarchy, Language acquisition-predisposition, critical period

hypothesis; Theories of language development - Skinner and Chomsky;Process and types of communication - effective communication training.14. Issues and Perspectives in Modern Contemporary Psychology: Computerapplication in the psychological laboratory and psychological testing; Artificialintelligence; Psychocybernetics; Study of consciousness-sleep-wakeschedules; dreams, stimulus deprivation, meditation, hypnotic/drug inducedstates; Extrasensory perception; Intersensory perception Simulation studies.


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PAPER - II

Psychology: Issues and Applications

1. Psychological Measurement of Individual Differences: The nature ofindividual differences; Characteristics and construction of standardizedpsychological tests; Types of psychological tests; Use, misuse and limitation

of psychological tests; Ethical issues in the use of psychological tests.2. Psychological well being and Mental Disorders: Concept of health-illRAUS IASUPSC Syllabus for Civil Services Exam

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health; Positive health, well being; Causal factors in mental disorders (Anxietydisorders, mood disorders, schizophrenia and delusional disorders; personalitydisorders, substance abuse disorders); Factors influencing positive health,well being, life style and quality of life; Happiness disposition.3. Therapeutic Approaches: Psychodynamic therapies; Behaviour therapies;Client centered therapy; Cognitive therapies; Indigenous therapies (Yoga,Meditation); Bio-feedback therapy; Prevention and rehabilitation of thementally ill; Fostering mental health.

4. Work Psychology and Organisational Behaviour: Personnel selectionand training; Use of psychological tests in the industry; Training and humanresource development; Theories of work motivation Herzberg, Maslow,Adam Equity theory, Porter and Lawler, Vroom; Leadership and participatorymanagement; Advertising and marketing; Stress and its management;Ergonomics; consumer psychology; Managerial effectiveness;Transformational leadership; Sensitivity training; Power and politics inorganizations.5. Application of Psychology to Educational Field: Psychological principlesunderlying effective teaching-learning process; Learning styles; Gifted,retarded, learning disabled and their training; Training for improving memory

and better academic achievement; Personality development and valueeducation, Educational, vocational guidance and career counseling; Use ofpsychological tests in educational institutions; Effective strategies in guidanceprogrammes.6. Community Psychology: Definition and concept of community psychology;Use of small groups in social action; Arousing community consciousnessand action for handling social problems; Group decision making and leadershipfor social change; Effective strategies for social change.7. Rehabilitation Psychology: Primary, secondary and tertiary preventionprogrammes-role of psychologists; Organising of services for rehabilitationof physically, mentally and socially challenged persons including old persons,

Rehabilitation of persons suffering from substance abuse, juvenile delinquency,criminal behaviour; Rehabilitation of victims of violence, Rehabilitation ofHIV/AIDS victims, the role of social agencies.8. Application of Psychology to disadvantaged groups: The concepts ofdisadvantaged, deprivation; Social, physical, cultural and economicconsequences of disadvantaged and deprived groups; Educating andmotivating the disadvantaged towards development; Relative and prolongeddeprivation.


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9. Psychological problems of social integration: The concept of socialintegration; The problem of caste, class, religion and language conflicts andprejudice; Nature and manifestation of prejudice between the in-group andout-group; Causal factors of social conflicts and prejudices; Psychological


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strategiesfor handling the conflicts and prejudices; Measures to achievesocial integration.10. Application of Psychology in Information Technology and Mass Media:The present scenario of information technology and the mass media boomand the role of psychologists; Selection and training of psychologyprofessionals to work in the field of IT and mass media; Distance learningthrough IT and mass media; Entrepreneurship through e-commerce;Multilevel marketing; Impact of TV and fostering value through IT and massmedia; Psychological consequences of recent developments in InformationTechnology.11. Psychology and Economic development: Achievement motivation and

economic development; Characteristics of entrepreneurial behaviour;Motivating and training people for entrepreneurship and economic development;Consumer rights and consumer awareness, Government policies for promotionof entrepreneurship among youth including women entrepreneurs.12. Application of psychology to environment and related fields:Environmental psychology-effects of noise, pollution and crowding; Populationpsychology: psychological consequences of population explosion and highpopulation density; Motivating for small family norm; Impact of rapid scientificand technological growth on degradation of environment.13. Application of psychology in other fields:(a) Military Psychology

Devising psychological tests for defence personnel for use in selection,Training, counseling; training psychologists to work with defence personnelin promoting positive health; Human engineering in defence.(b) Sports Psychology

Psychological interventions in improving performance of athletes and sports.Persons participating in Individual and Team Games.(c) Media influences on pro and antisocial behaviour.(d) Psychology of terrorism.14. Psychology of Gender: Issues of discrimination, Management of diversity;Glass ceiling effect, Self fulfilling prophesy, Women and Indian society


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SOCIOLOGY

PAPER - I

FUNDAMENTALS OF SOCIOLOGY

1. Sociology - The Discipline:

(a) Modernity and social changes in Europe and emergence of sociology.

(b) Scope of the subject and comparison with other social sciences.(c) Sociology and common sense.2. Sociology as Science:

(a) Science, scientific method and critique.(b) Major theoretical strands of research methodology.(c) Positivism and its critique.(d) Fact value and objectivity.(e) Non- positivist methodologies.3. Research Methods and Analysis:

(a) Qualitative and quantitative methods.(b) Techniques of data collection.

(c) Variables, sampling, hypothesis, reliability and validity.4. Sociological Thinkers:(a) Karl Marx- Historical materialism, mode of production, alienation, classstruggle.(b) Emile Durkheim- Division of labour, social fact, suicide, religion and society.(c) Max Weber- Social action, ideal types, authority, bureaucracy, protestantethic and the spirit of capitalism.(d) Talcolt Parsons- Social system, pattern variables.(e) Robert K. Merton- Latent and manifest functions, conformity and deviance,reference groups(f) Mead - Self and identity.5. Stratification and Mobility:

(a) Concepts- equality, inequality, hierarchy, exclusion, poverty and deprivation(b) Theories of social stratification- Structural functionalist theory, Marxist theory,Weberian theory.(c) Dimensions Social stratification of class, status groups, gender, ethnicityand race.(d) Social mobility- open and closed systems, types of mobility, sources andcauses of mobility.6. Works and Economic Life:

(a) Social organization of work in different types of society- slave society, feudalsociety, industrial /capitalist society.(b) Formal and informal organization of work


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(c) Labour and society.7. Politics and Society:

(a) Sociological theories of power(b) Power elite, bureaucracy, pressure groups, and political parties.(c) Nation, state, citizenship, democracy, civil society, ideology.(d) Protest, agitation, social movements, collective action, revolution.


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8. Religion and Society:

(a) Sociological theories of religion.(b) Types of religious practices: animism, monism, pluralism, sects, cults.(c) Religion in modern society: religion and science, secularization, religiousrevivalism, fundamentalism.

9. Systems of Kinship:(a) Family, household, marriage.(b) Types and forms of family.(c) Lineage and descent(d) Patriarchy and sexual division of labour(e) Contemporary trends.10. Social Change in Modern Society:

(a) Sociological theories of social change.(b) Development and dependency.(c) Agents of social change.(d) Education and social change.

(e) Science, technology and social change.


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PAPER - II

INDIAN SOCIETY : STRUCTURE AND CHANGE

A. Introducing Indian Society:

(i) Perspectives on the study of Indian society:

(a) Indology (GS. Ghurye).

(b) Structural functionalism (M N Srinivas).(c) Marxist sociology ( A R Desai).(ii) Impact of colonial rule on Indian society :

(a) Social background of Indian nationalism.(b) Modernization of Indian tradition.(c) Protests and movements during the colonial period.(d) Social reformsB. Social Structure:

(i) Rural and Agrarian Social Structure:

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(b) Agrarian social structure -evolution of land tenure system,land reforms.(ii) Caste System:

(a) Perspectives on the study of caste systems: GS Ghurye, M N Srinivas,Louis Dumont, Andre Beteille.(b) Features of caste system.(c) Untouchability - forms and perspectives(iii) Tribal communities in India:

(a) Definitional problems.(b) Geographical spread.

(c) Colonial policies and tribes.(d) Issues of integration and autonomy.(iv) Social Classes in India:

(a) Agrarian class structure.(b) Industrial class structure.(c) Middle classes in India.(v) Systems of Kinship in India:

(a) Lineage and descent in India.(b) Types of kinship systems.(c) Family and marriage in India.(d) Household dimensions of the family.

(e) Patriarchy, entitlements and sexual division of labour.(vi) Religion and Society:

(a) Religious communities in India.(b) Problems of religious minorities.C. Social Changes in India:

(i) Visions of Social Change in India:

(a) Idea of development planning and mixed economy.(b) Constitution, law and social change.


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(c) Education and social change.(ii) Rural and Agrarian transformation in India:

(a) Programmes of rural development, Community Development Programme,cooperatives, poverty alleviation schemes.(b) Green revolution and social change.

(c) Changing modes of production in Indian agriculture .(d) Problems of rural labour, bondage, migration.(iii) Industrialization and Urbanisation in India:


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(a) Evolution of modern industry in India.(b) Growth of urban settlements in India.(c) Working class: structure, growth, class mobilization.(d) Informal sector, child labour(e) Slums and deprivation in urban areas.(iv) Politics and Society:

(a) Nation, democracy and citizenship.

(b) Political parties, pressure groups , social and political elite.(c) Regionalism and decentralization of power.(d) Secularization(v) Social Movements in Modern India:

(a) Peasants and farmers movements.(b) Womens movement.(c) Backward classes & Dalit movement.(d) Environmental movements.(e) Ethnicity and Identity movements.(vi) Population Dynamics:

(a) Population size, growth, composition and distribution.

(b) Components of population growth: birth, death, migration.(c) Population policy and family planning.(d) Emerging issues: ageing, sex ratios, child and infant mortality, reproductivehealth.(vii) Challenges of Social Transformation:

(a) Crisis of development: displacement, environmental problems andsustainability.(b) Poverty, deprivation and inequalities.(c) Violence against women.(d) Caste conflicts.(e) Ethnic conflicts, communalism, religious revivalism.

(f) Illiteracy and disparities in education


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PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

PAPERI

Administrative Theory

1. Introduction: Meaning, scope and significance of Public Administration;Wilsons vision of Public Administration; Evolution of the discipline and its

present status; New Public Administration; Public Choice approach;Challenges of liberalization, Privatisation, Globalisation; Good Governance:concept and application; New Public Management.2. Administrative Thought: Scientific Management and Scientific Managementmovement; Classical Theory; Webers bureaucratic model its critique andpost-Weberian Developments; Dynamic Administration (Mary Parker Follett);Human Relations School (Elton Mayo and others); Functions of the Executive(C.I. Barnard); Simons decision-making theory; Participative Management(R. Likert, C.Argyris, D.McGregor).3. Administrative Behaviour: Process and techniques of decision-making;Communication; Morale; Motivation Theories content, process and

contemporary; Theories of Leadership: Traditional and Modern.4. Organisations: Theories systems, contingency; Structure and forms:Ministries and Departments, Corporations, Companies, Boards andCommissions; Ad hoc and advisory bodies; Headquarters and Fieldrelationships; Regulatory Authorities; Public - Private Partnerships.5. Accountability and control: Concepts of accountability and control;Legislative, Executive and Judicial control over administration; Citizen andAdministration; Role of media, interest groups, voluntary organizations; Civilsociety; Citizens Charters; Right to Information; Social audit.6. Administrative Law: Meaning, scope and significance; Dicey onAdministrative law; Delegated legislation; Administrative Tribunals.

7. Comparative Public Administration: Historical and sociological factorsaffecting administrative systems; Administration and politics in differentcountries; Current status of Comparative Public Administration; Ecology andadministration; Riggsian models and their critique.8. Development Dynamics: Concept of development; Changing profile ofdevelopment administration; Anti-development thesis; Bureaucracy anddevelopment; Strong state versus the market debate; Impact of liberalisationon administration in developing countries; Women and development - theself-help group movement.9. Personnel Administration: Importance of human resource development;Recruitment, training, career advancement, position classification, discipline,performance appraisal, promotion, pay and service conditions; employeremployee

relations, grievance redressal mechanism; Code of conduct;Administrative ethics.10. Public Policy: Models of policy-making and their critique; Processes ofconceptualisation, planning, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and reviewand their limitations; State theories and public policy formulation.11. Techniques of Administrative Improvement: Organisation and methods,Work study and work management; e-governance and information technology;


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Management aid tools like network analysis, MIS, PERT, CPM.12. Financial Administration: Monetary and fiscal policies; Public borrowingsand public debt Budgets - types and forms; Budgetary process; Financialaccountability; Accounts and audit.PAPER - II

Indian Administration1. Evolution of Indian Administration:Kautilyas Arthashastra; Mughaladministration; Legacy of British rule in politics and administration -Indianization of public services, revenue administration, district administration,local self-government.2. Philosophical and Constitutional framework of government: Salientfeatures and value premises;Constitutionalism; Political culture; Bureaucracyand democracy; Bureaucracy and development.3. Public Sector Undertakings: Public sector in modern India; Forms of PublicSector Undertakings; Problems of autonomy, accountability and control;Impact of liberalization and privatization.

4. Union Government and Administration: Executive, Parliament, Judiciary -structure, functions, work processes; Recent trends; Intragovernmentalrelations; Cabinet Secretariat; Prime Ministers Office; Central Secretariat;Ministries and Departments; Boards; Commissions; Attached offices; Fieldorganizations.5. Plans and Priorities: Machinery of planning; Role, composition and functionsof the Planning Commission and the National Development Council; Indicativeplanning; Process of plan formulation at Union and State levels; ConstitutionalAmendments (1992) and decentralized planning for economic developmentand social justice.6. State Government and Administration: Union-State administrative,

legislative and financial relations; Role of the Finance Commission; Governor;Chief Minister; Council of Ministers; Chief Secretary; State Secretariat;Directorates.7. District Administration since Independence: Changing role of the Collector;Union-state-local relations; Imperatives of development management and lawand order administration; District administration and democraticdecentralization.8. Civil Services: Constitutional position; Structure, recruitment, training and


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capacity-building; Good governance initiatives; Code of conduct and discipline;Staff associations; Political rights; Grievance redressal mechanism; Civil

service neutrality; Civil service activism.9. Financial Management: Budgetas a political instrument; Parliamentarycontrol of public expenditure; Role of finance ministry in monetary and fiscalarea; Accounting techniques; Audit; Role of Controller General of Accountsand Comptroller and Auditor General of India.10. Administrative Reforms since Independence: Major concerns; ImportantCommittees and Commissions; Reforms in financial management and humanresource development; Problems of implementation.


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11. Rural Development: Institutions and agencies since independence; Ruraldevelopment programmes: foci and strategies; Decentralization andPanchayati Raj; 73rd Constitutional amendment.12. Urban Local Government: Municipal governance: main features, structures,finance and problem areas; 74th Constitutional Amendment; Global-local

debate; New localism; Development dynamics, politics and administrationwith special reference to city management.13. Law and Order Administration: British legacy; National PoliceCommissionInvestigative agencies; Role of central and state agencies includingparamilitaryforces in maintenance of law and order and countering insurgency andterrorism; Criminalisation of politics and administration; Police-publicrelations; Reforms in Police.14. Significant issues in Indian Administration: Values in public service;Regulatory Commissions; National Human Rights Commission; Problems ofadministration in coalition regimes; Citizen-administration interface; Corruption

and administration; Disaster management.

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