TEACHING MODELS

Main function of a teaching model

•To provide guidance to teacher the essential procedures in teaching so that to enable them to plan & carry out teaching process effectively.•To formulate a complete & perfect teaching scheme- as reference during the study or evaluation of a certain teaching process.

•To use as basic guidance for reflection during feedback session, to analyze & evaluate its strengths & weaknesses - plan & implement appropriate follow-up actions.

TYPES OF TEACHING MODEL

Information Processing ModelBehavioral modelSocial modelPersonal model

Information Processing Model Focuses on our natural instincts

through:     (I) sensitivity to the problem     (ii) the acquisition and compilation of information     (iii) ways of generating appropriate solutions     (iv) expansion of the concept

TEACHING CONCEPTS

This model is based on the study Bruner, Goodnow and Austin.- Designed to increase student competence.- Developed the concepts.- Show how effective presentation of information been done- Shows the presentation and explanation of the concept (inquiry and ekspositori)

Inquiry

Pupils will be involved in the reasoning process

To sharpen the skills to question and make conclusions, and develop and test concepts and hypotheses.

Significant use of science learning.Example: students collect data, review the hypotheses and theories, and to reflect on the formation of knowledge arising

EKSPOSITORY

a clear and detailed. information or content directly to

students in the class.method:          story-telling, describes, a demonstration

Among the works: explain, interpret and explain ideas

and concepts from the textbooks. explained while demonstrating how

to draw or construct geometric shapes.

describe the steps of problem solving the elaboration of a concept of

teaching aids.

IMPLICATION on T & L

Teachers can explain concepts orally while writing important facts.

Teachers can save time when teaching. Only used to deliver lessons in the

development stage of teaching only. If not, this will be a lecture.4. Effective method in the delivery of skills, concepts and principles of mathematics, science and so on.

BEHAVIORAL MODEL

Known as mastery learning. Based on the classic experiment

Pavlov, Thorndike and Watson . To ensure that students are able to

control what is taught is effective and achieving outcomes.

Directed Teaching

Step:1. Identify the learning outcomes to be

achieved.2. Stimulate students' interest in what

will be presented.3. Review of previous knowledge and

skills to be mastered in order to facilitate their understanding.

4. Review the practice through a quiz that will be answer by students.

5. Give feedback on the correctly answer, and teach the specific skills if necessary.

6. Give homework to reinforce their understanding further.

Mastery Learning

Teacher: Ensure that students have the skills

required before they can be developed into the following units.

Do the task analysis so thatmore prepared

Stated learning outcomes before planning appropriate learning activities.

Provides a variety of teaching materials for teaching the subjects of any unit which is necessary.

Provide various forms of tests for each unit

Implication Behavioural Model Teachers to obtain a collection of models

as a guide. For experienced teachers, they are

encouraged to obtain additional models from time to time

Teachers can incorporate models of the different models in teaching.

Effective teachers need to master some models and sharpen up the existing and newly added to the list.

Social Model

According to social theorists, not only stimulates the cooperative behavior of the students socially, but intellectually. Therefore teachers need to work p & p I need social interaction to achieve the goal.

When the students work together to accomplish a task, they will be more able to generate energy in the form of collective known as synergy.

Positive school culture can develop ways to integrate and productive interaction.

•

Social Model

COOPERATIVE SIMULATIONRole Play

COOPERATIVE

Focuses on developing concepts and skills through teamwork.

In addition to improving social skills and solidarity between members of the group, cooperative learning has an impact on academic achievement and self-esteem of pupils concerned.

Students learn together to acquire information, ideas and skills that are important in addition to thinking about ways of solving the problem.

They can compete with each other in a conducive environment

ROLE PLAYING

Help students to understand social behavior, their role in social interaction and ways to solve problems effectively.

Help them to collect and manage information about social issues, develop empathy for others, and increase their social skills.

Play-acting the role of the characters based on a situation that has been identified. With the students more aware of social problems that arise in daily life.

  Simulation

Combining information about a skill through demonstration, practice and specialized training to successfully by our students.

builds on the description of the actual situation where we create a similar situation to real life situation in teaching.

can help our students to see the actual object representation. 

This model holds an individual element. Look at the different perspectives based on

experience, the environment and their interpersonal relationships.

This model attempted to develop education that allows us to better understand ourselves, taking responsibility for our education

to achieve next level of development far exceed the maximum level to the better quality of life

This model emphasizes the nature of individual perspective and encourage a productive self-reliance in order to increase self-awareness and responsibility for their fate.

By increasing their personal qualities and feelings and create a teaching and learning environment based on effective communication

With use synectics to add their creativity Class meetings to build community learning

Synectics

This model is designed to teach problem solving skills, writing and other fields.

Our students will follow a series of workshops so that they are able to apply specific procedures in individual and cooperative group.

Through brainstorming I used, students will be creative and be free from shackles of rigid thinking

Consequently, they will acquire a framework of thinking and new perspectives.

Nurturing and affection rapo each other and encourage active participation.

TEACHING APPROACH

The way of how a certain subject or lesson

should be taught in order to attain its

objective

Approaches:Concrete to AbstractSimple to complex

Near to farDeductive approachInductive approachIntegrated approach

Appoarch

Integrated Inductive Deductive elective

TEACHING APPROACH

Inductive Approach

SpecificExample

To observe, study,ascertain, interpret

Derive generalization, concept,principle or law

Gold fish,Carp, shark,

tadpoleUse gills to breathe Fish & other creatures live in

water use gills to breath

TEACHING APPROACHDeductive Method

Existing formula

Apply

Derive

b

l

Area of rectangle= l x b

Area of triangle= l x b 2

Area of triangle= 1 x l x b 2

TEACHING APPROACHINDUCTIVE + DEDUCTIVE = ECLECTIC APPROACH

a x b = b x aApplication 10 x 5= 5 x 10= 50

a) Mathematics

2 x 3 = 63 x 2 = 6

6 x 7 = 427 x 6 = 42

TEACHING APPROACHb) Science

Fish

Cat

Bird

Frog

Animals withbackbone Vertebrate

Application:DuckHenGoatCow

Integrative

Stimulate students to use basic skills, understanding the relationship between academic disciplines, appreciation of diversity elements and productive working toward the same goals

Require them to think, synthesize and respond

Student centered strategy Active learning- cooperative The teacher's role as facilitator Priority to basic skills – 3R Opportunities for team work -

appreciate the diversity and individual differences

use of Technology

Thematic

Early childhood education According to the theme are included

in the curriculum

Strategy

Teacher centered Pupil entered Material based Task based

Teacher Centered Strategy

Teachers with master and controlFeatures: -Pupils act as a spectatorTeachers talk and students hearAutocratic teacherPrioritizing the achievement of teachingDissemination of knowledge is preferredConcerned with the achievement of students through the examinationTeaching technique focuses on rote factsConcerned with methods of organizing the whole classStudents are passive, less creative and no substantive

Pupil Centered

Pupils are encouraged to involve themselves activelyTeacher to as the leaderMore time to focus on students' learning activitiesFor example, the method, inquiry findings, discussion, play, etc.

Characteristics Teachers as leaders & democratic

Two-way Communication

Prioritize student learning objectives

Development of a comprehensive and balanced students (intellectual, spiritual, social and physical)

Material Centered

There are two categories - teaching and learning materials

Teachers deliver lessons more easily and attractive, while students can understand the lesson more meaningful and can carry out their own learning

Audio-visual method, demonstration method, etc.

Teachers and students depend on the use of educational materialsCommunication and interactionEmphasizes efficiency education materialsEmphasize the cognitive, physical and spiritualTeaching meaningful, interesting and effectivePositive qualities can be nurtured

Task Based Centered

Based on teaching and learning tasks that planned by teacher

Among the task – acting, singing, making models, debates, discussion