Magnetic LevitationPresented by: Sanjay Kumar Nayak0801227262AE&I (C V RAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING)

1. Introduction.2. Fundamentals.3. Ways to magnetically

levitate .4. Applications.5. Magnetic

transportation.6. Super Levitron.7. Magnetic Bearing.8. Maglev space

propulsion.9. Future scope.10. Advantages.11. Limitations.12. Conclusion.13. Bibliography

Contents:

Also known as maglev or magnetic suspension.

Is a method by which an object is suspended with no support other than magnetic fields.

In the past, magnetic levitation was attempted by using permanent magnets

Magnetic levitation is based on the principle of magnetic pressure.

Magnetic levitation is used for maglev train, maglev bearings and for product display purposes.

Introduction:

Fundamentals:

Different pole of two magnet attract with other.Same pole of two magnet repel with with other.

One arrangement is here where one bar magnet is levitate.Earnshaw’s theorem proved conclusively that it is not possible to levitate stably using only static, macroscopic, paramagnetic fields.

Mechanical constraint Direct diamagnetic levitation Superconductors Eddy current principle in electromagnet Servo stabilization.

Ways to Magnetically Levitate:

The magnetic field is caused by the flow of an electric current.

The simplest example is a coiled piece of wire.

Using the right hand rule, it is possible to determine the direction.

An advantage over permanent magnets is that the magnetic field strength can be changed by changing the current.

ELECTROMAGNET:

Magnetic Transportation. -maglev train -maglev truck Maglev Bearing. -Flywheels -Centrifuges - Magnetic ring spinning

Applications:

MAGNETIC TRANSPOTATION

Driving without wheels, Flying without wings

BASIC PRINCIPLE:

Maglev (derived from magnetic levitation), is a system of transportation that uses magnetic levitation to suspend, guide and propel vehicles from magnets.

Track repels magnets on undercarriage of train, sending the train forward.

Train levitates between 1 and 10 cm above guide way.

MagLev “Guideways” or Tracks

Propulsion System•The system consists of aluminum three-phase cable windings in the stator packs that are on the guide-way.

•When a current is supplied to the windings, it creates a traveling alternating current that propels the train forward by pushing and pulling.

How Japan maglev Works:Type of Magnet Uses

•This train uses superconducting electric magnets in the vehicle to levitate and propel the train. These magnets are cooled by liquid helium or liquid nitrogen. This means that once electrified these magnets do not require additional energy.

The Japanese Yamanashi maglev train uses superconducting magnets on its sides

The German Trans-Rapid maglev train uses powered electromagnets attracting upward to an iron rail

The Shanghai Maglev Train reaches 431 km/h during its daily service.

MagLev vs. Conventional TrainsMagLev Trains Conventional TrainsNo Friction = Less Maintenance

Routine Maintenance Needed

No Engine = No fuel required

Engine requires fossil fuels

Speeds in excess of300 mph

Speeds up to 110 mph

Less energy consumption because no rail-track friction

Requires no fossil fuel which can harm the environment.

Less noise pollution since the train never hits the track

MagLev guideways and trains take up less space than conventional trains

Better for the Environment

Two opposing iron-boron

permanent magnets.

Invented by Roy Harrigan and

patented in 1983.

The top remain levitating in a

central point in space above the

base where the forces acting on

the top- gravitational, magnetic,

and gyroscopic- are in equilibrium

Stops due to air resistance

Super Levitron

Why it works “The principle is that two similar poles

(e.g., two north's) repel, and two different poles attract, with forces that are stronger when the poles are closer.

There are four magnetic forces on the top: on its north pole, repulsion from the base's north and attraction from the base's south, and on its south pole, attraction from the base's north and repulsion from the base's south.

Because of the way the forces depend on distance, the north-north repulsion dominates, and the top is magnetically repelled.

It hangs where this upward repulsion balances the downward force of gravity, that is, at the point of equilibrium where the total force is zero.”

A magnetic bearing is a bearing which supports a load using magnetic levitation.

Magnetic bearings support moving machinery without physical contact, for example, they can levitate a rotating shaft and permit relative motion with very low friction and no mechanical wear.

Magnetic Bearings:

Magnetic bearing used in:

Flywheels

Centrifuges

Magnetic ring spinning

A Maglev launch system would use

magnetic fields to levitate and accelerate

a vehicle along a track at speeds up to

600 mph.

The vehicle would shift to rocket engines

for launch to orbit. Maglev systems could

dramatically reduce the cost of getting to

space because they’re powered by

electricity, an inexpensive energy source

that stays on the ground — unlike rocket

fuel that adds weight and cost to a launch

vehicle.

MAGLEV SPACE PROPULSION

MACH-3:

If the Maglev vehicles operate in a low-pressure tunnel, however, air drag is

effectively zero and no longer a factor, so that vehicles can travel at speeds of

thousands of miles per hour. There still is a small magnetic drag due to power

losses in the normal metal loops on the guide way, but this does not impose any

practical limit.

Future Scopes:

MagLev Trains in INDIA.

Maglev space propulsion.

Electric generators- made with superconducting wire: They have a 99%

efficiency and have about half the size of conventional generators.

More economical. Environment friendly. Less energy consumption. Less noise pollution. Take less space.

Advantages :

Requires complex circuitry. Requires highly skilled and trained

operators. Requires more research.

Limitations:

Magnetic levitation is very advantageous technology with promising future scopes to be used in almost every fields. Although it is yet to be completely explored but the existing technology can also significantly develop our life to a large extent.

Conclusion:

www.wikipedia.org www.ieee.org Bonsor, Kevin. “How Maglev Trains Work”. 5 September,

2002. <http://travel.howstuffworks.com/maglev-train.htm>. Keating, Oliver. “Maglevs (Magnetically Levitated Trains)”.

16 June, 2000. <http://www.okeating.com/hsr/maglev.htm> http://www.physics.ucla.edu/marty/levitron/spinstab.pdf http://www.superconductors.org/uses.htm http://www.popsci.com/popsci/how20/be199aa138b84010v

gnvcm1000004eecbccdrcrd.html

Bibliography:

Thank You !