maghrib mazhabi shanakht prof inaam

16
u ^ Ÿ l æ æ ] Î Ã ^ l 6 , z W x V Z Å x Z ° Ý / f [ Å Z ½ C ƒ ð è I Ù | # Z z g Z k Å ú ~ â V » Š Z g Ñ à Z % M ~ * * í Z C y Æ Z 0 + z { * * u q Š P Æ ˆ f ! - g \ ~ ± y ± y Æ / Š } à V ä Z q - ! * g Q 7 g ~ Š * à ª ] i Š { Š c * ì X Z ¤ / p f ! z c * ä ø D è g z Z e $ m å g Æ W y u 6 , Z V 1 ì Ô p Ð ! * ] t ì ā Z k Æ ! * z Š t ª ] i Š Ï Z ¸ Z x è ¬ Ý Ã Z k ] Æ B â ? 6 , 6 g 7 m T Å Â µ Z I è f [ Æ q - g q Î a Æ q ï Z Û Z Š g ì ¸ X Z k n Æ q Š U * ] ˜ V W ä z Z á z Ü Å ñ Z z g ë Ï Ã ª C Ù g ì ÷ Ô z ; V f ! Z E g e $ Æ Š Z ½ e J Æ Š ] i Š { ƒ ä Å Ì K 0 + g ì ÷ X ø g ~ g Z ñ ~ f [ ä Z L R y z 0 + } ~ Z ( Ã ð Š g [ 7 g 3 T Ð @ * i { ƒ Z Æ Ñ ê Š Z 4 ƒ Z Ð 3 Å P Z z g Š ª â 8 L Å z ! * Ð ô p g Ä Ã X ñ 4 , x Æ i z Z w Æ ˆ Z s x à ñ 4 , x Æ £ x 6 , g Ä Z k Æ = Í Z î Å q D à l Ô ā Ó á V Å R 6 , ƒ g ÷ Ô Z z g ú Z ò R 6 , ¸ x 6 , 4 6 , " Y Z Ü Z g Ô T » 1 Û Z ú ú Z x » - g 8 - 2 Å ! * " $ ñ ì Ô H ø g ~ g Z ñ à ¾ e $ Š à » ° 7 ? | ¸ ì ā f ! 0 * Œ i Z z g f ! ç Ñ { Z Ì J - D Z i x Æ Y Š Z z g u Š k B Æ p s Å ; ] ~ 2 ÷ X ¾ q w Ô * * í Z C y Z z g ± y ± y H Y g ; ì Z z g f [ ~ è < Ø 6 , ¤ / â ¤ / x c (paint) Æ z Z u ] à t è I 1 Å ! 3 © 3 ï E E G G Æ î g 6 , Ì z I ƒ Y g ~ ì X Z Ï Ú ø ~ ë W ä z Z à T g ~ Z Ä Z * * ] Æ ñ Š { q Ñ ] Å g z Ý ~ f [ Å è I Ù | # 6 , ! * ] , Ð X Z I è æ t Z z g â V Æ ; V ¬ x î g 6 , f [ à Z q - L L z u ] ó ó Å ß g ] ~ Š ¬ Y @ * ì Ô p ˜ & Ò 3 ð I G V » ¤ / Z s { ƒ ä Æ ! * z Š Z I è f [ à C Ù Ò p Ð 7 V Œ Û Z g 7 Š c * Y Y X f [ Å Š Z ½ Å Ï Z â ¿ 7 ā Z k z Ü Z y 6 , Á Z i Á u u ~ à e Z à Y n X ñ ç q Å o 9 L Ð ë Œ V Ü s è I U 6 , ! * ] [email protected] / % ( ( ] Ô Í g ¯ e ¤ / ~ » Ò Ô ° Š h + Z g I Ô Í ` Ò Z â Z ! X ( Z ~ 5 0 0 2 8) ] Ö m à ä â x )

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Rising religious identity of the West and the role of Muslims in its formulation

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Page 1: Maghrib mazhabi shanakht prof inaam

u^Ÿlææ]ÎÃ^l

6,zWxVZÅxZ°Ý/

f[ÅZ½CƒðèIÙ|#ZzgZkÅú~›âV»™ŠZg

ÑàZ%M~**íZCyÆZ0+z{**uqŠPÆf!-g\~±y±yÆ/Š}ÃVäZq-

!*gQ7g~Š*ê]iŠ{™Šc*ìXZ¤/pf!zc*äøDègzZe$måg™ÆW�yu6,ZV1ìÔp

Ð!*]tìāZkÆ!*z�Štª]iŠÏZZxè¬ÝÃZk”]Æ‚Bâ?6,6g7™mTŵZIèf[Æq-gqÎaÆqïZ�ÛZŠ™gì¸XZknÆqŠU*]˜VWäzZáz‰ÜÅñZzgëÏêCÙ™gì÷Ôz;Vf!ZEge$ÆŠZ½eJ‘ÆŠ]iŠ{ƒäÅ̶K0+„™gì÷Xøg~gZñ~f[äZL�Ryz0+}~Z(ÃðŠg[7g3TÐ@*i{ƒZÆÑêŠZ4ƒ™ZÐ3Å

PZzgŠªâ8LÅz!*ÐôpgÄÃXñ4,xÆizZwÆZsxÃñ4,xÆ£x6,gÄ™ZkÆ=ÍZîÅqDÃlÔ�āÓáVÅR6,ƒg„÷ÔZzgúZòR6,x6,46,"YZÜZgÔT»1�ÛZúúZx»-g8-2Å!*"$ñ�ìÔHøg~gZñþe$Š¶Ã»°7?|¸ìāf!0*Œ‚iZzgf!çÑ{ZÌJ-DZixÆYŠZzguŠkBÆpsÅ;]~2÷X¾qwÔ**íZCyZzg±y±y

HYg;ìZzgf[~è<Ø6,¤/â¤/xc (paint) ÆzZu]ÉtèI1Å!3©3ïEE

GGÆîg6,Ì

zIƒYg~ìXZÏÚø~ëWäzZàTg~ZÄZ**]Æ�ñ�Š{qÑ]ÅgzÝ~f[ÅèIÙ|#6,!*]™,ÐX

ZIèætZzg›âVÆ;V¬xîg6,f[ÃZq-LLzu]óóÅßg]~Š¬Y@*ìÔp&Ò3ðIGV

»¤/Zs{™—ƒäÆ!*z�ŠZIèf[ÃCÙÒpÐ7VŒÛZg7Šc*YYXf[ÅŠZ½„ÅÏZâ¿7āZkz‰ÜZy6,ÁZiÁuu~ÄeZàYnXñçqÅo9LÐëŒVÜsèIU6,!*]

[email protected] /%((]ÔÍge¤/~»ÒÔ°Šh+ZgIÔÍ�ZâZ!X

(Z~5002 8) ]]]]ÖÖÖÖ����††††mmmmÃÃÃÃääää âx)

Page 2: Maghrib mazhabi shanakht prof inaam

6,X (macro level) ™,ÐZzgz{Ì–GzCw

Z%MèIU - -g\ÆZq-qD_·äA-g8 European Values Study çÑCgz-VÙh+äzZá

-g8të÷āè<ØZyÆa¹ZëìXZ%M~ 21% ˜´Æuz}ЪCÙHìāÜs(Pew Forum on Religion and ßg]èqw×4ìXk¯gxWyg

&Í-BèGGEEZhêÑ

Z%ÃVÆ4,Šq-Zy»o{¹ZëìXf[ÆèI 59% Æuz}Æ_. Public Life)

gzbÆŠz(,}bCÙÔÑàZ%MZzg-g\èÃg{Z°ZŠzÑgÆ_.zWUÆqï÷XZkz‰ÜZ%MÔ-g\Ð'áY™ZKWiZŠgz~Zzg}F,¹Æ.Þ1D6,T§bZZxè¬Ý»å7Zg¯ƒZìÔZkÐU*"$ƒg;ìāè<ØâŠ~F,¹Zzg„~WiZŠ~ÅgZ{~qb7ƒ@*X�°„ÃF,¹»**¦/k,»ŸKzZßVÆaè<ØIZ%MZq-wki0+{VwìXŒVÎZwaZƒ@*ìā"Ñg&Ò3ð

IGVƃDƒñ~è345é XEG]ÆâCÙ Exeter University -g\ZzgZ%MÆèIgzb~tUYðì?',¤6Å

»Èè<ØÐWiZŠ~ (Enlightenment) Æ_.-g\~gz×ìà Davie Grace

ªo}Ð�]1ŠHÔ²gc*„�;ñ�{Z%M~Zk»È (Freedom from religion)

(Weil) Ôªo{gppÅWiZŠ~X™\B54è FGJE‚bâ�Æ_.›zs ''Freedom to believe''ì

ë÷āZ%M~Ô�Z(oìTÅú~ZëZŠ~ÓáVÆÐÐ�ÛZgƒäzZáèIÅsÌ÷áïÔèI¤/zƒVägc*4æZìÆÜsZ�ÛZŠÃD�ÛZë™ä»™ŠZgZŠZHXZkÆ',@-g\~’q-àk,ƈgc*„�ÃÔèI¤/zƒVÅCYhÐC{Ç{Åwq݃ðXZ%M~/ge$

Zzgè<Ø!*ëk„�gì÷Yèz;Vl�aVäÝòÆÜskBZzgà~£tÆh~CÙZzwŠ5»™ŠZgZŠZHìX-g\~Z(L7ƒZÔÉz;VZÜZzg�ÛZ÷‰´Æ±l�aVä(ÏZ&b

äZÏZ%O (Peter Ford) ÅåŠwzYyÐ#¿ÅX™\B54è FGJE‚bâ�Æ6sgZ>ð¯ge

ÆtZÖp (Jacques Delors) -g8Z%sÃ7èÃgnpƒñ-g8zÆ‚.œgjZuewg -

ÜK÷:''The clash between those who believe and those who do't believe

will be a dominant aspect of relations between the US and Europe in the

coming years.''

LL�ßv}.Z6,¢gnp÷Zzg�¢7gnpÔZyÆŠgxy£ŠxÔWäzZá',ÎV~Z%M-g\©]»¸�UƒÇóóX -

(Z~5002 9) ]]]]ÖÖÖÖ����††††mmmmÃÃÃÃääää âx)

Page 3: Maghrib mazhabi shanakht prof inaam

ðgeÔ-g8zÆ‚.œg»jZ!Šïƒñ'×h+Ü™D÷ā:''This question of values gap is being posed more sharply now than

at any time in the history of European--US relations since 1945.''

-g8©]Å -- ÐZ%M 1945 LLZŠZgÅU»ÎZwTH~Æ‚BZkz‰ÜZ½g;ìÔ@*gõ~L7Z½ZXóóè<Ø6,-g\Å$+ZOŠ~~Zkz‰Ü'×h+ZŸ†ƒY@*ìZ#ZЪè<ØÃI¸:uJ-Æ_./

Å US under attack r#ZßmÐ5Šc*Y@*ìÔ6āZ%Oœg(äHXZq-§sœg(ä»È{Îc*XŠN!*]tìāœg(ä**íZCyÆzZîƈ� Crusade î`ðZzgŠzu~§s

ÒyYg~HÔZk»�è][tåāŠ*ÅZZxZ[c*øg}‚B÷c*Šc¤/ŠzVÆÔªÃðŠZWBÅ!*i‚åā: 30 :12 7ghZXœg(»tZ0+Zi÷áh+äÅZg

LL�÷Zqò7Ôz{÷Z#³ìóóX~gBZi÷þ: ''The Roots of War and Terror'' eZËZZã-4,ÔZKÂ[

zZà½k,Æaf)ŠZgWŠòœZgC½k,âöe-e�Ûx¸Xz{…CD 'axis of evil' LL(Å'axis »]–åÔpZ¹6gHŠHāZkÅ( ' axis of hatred' ÷āZ,VäZÝ~

–Yñ�ic*Š{LL!*"5Ðö JEóóZ0+Zig‚rìXóó of evil'

ª$+~ÅÃðZ+!*‡°{°p77Å�Z%Ox Evil Z¤/gHYñÂ¥xƒÇāœg(äÆœā;ÅWsŠZgƒÔYè|áźmZܹgzZe$ZzgZ%OçÑ}Æ�°gD**]Æ:LÔCÙ

ÃZL Evil Z%OÅZKZq-°pìÔZkaœg(ÆateƒZāz{Z%Oà-VÅ{µñç¦m†yÅ{§�gÏgZEw™,XZ¤/))øs(!*ªZ%ÃVÅçÑCi0+Ï~gcrƒCÂœg(Z%O¸xÆZ½¦èI;ÃDZixÅpZ[WzgÍCVÐL:sMhX®ZzZãƒY@*ìā-g\Æ£«~Z%MÅ**x.Šè<ØI~Šg|è<ØÆZkûƤ/Šäì&7™ä»Z(gÜsZzgÜsZ%OŠZ#ÖIzVZzg0*Œ‚izVÃìXZ¤/iZ±gÐZ%MÅè<ØI~ÐYŠaZƒg;ìÔZKã£t0*âwƒgì÷ZzgZkÆ£«~-g\Å�°„ÔèIZ•I~ÐDŠ}g„ìÂÌè<ØÃñgŠèZ²Zx7IZc*YYÔZkaātûèè<Øc*è<ØÅZq-{mì�Š*~YŠzÑ»!*)ìÔ:āpŠè<ØX

¸òZ•I~Æ0û{ -- Z%OèI Dominique Moisi �ÛZ÷»Zq-ñŒÛ(Ï‹tóg™DƒñHìā:

' ' the combination of religion and nationalism in America is

(Z~5002 01 ) ]]]]ÖÖÖÖ����††††mmmmÃÃÃÃääää âx)

Page 4: Maghrib mazhabi shanakht prof inaam

frightening..........We feel betrayed by God and by nationalism which is

why we are building the European Union as a barrier to religious warfare.''

LLZ%k~è<ØZzgx6,4»ZâZ`Z0+6Z0ìX…}.ZZzgx6,46,ZOŠ7g;ÔZzg¸zzìāëèIlVÃgz1Æa-gà-2ÃúŠ}gì÷Xóó¥xƒ@*ìā-g\ÔèIZ•I~Zzgx6,4Æ**x6,lVÆjZáÐZK@*gõƺmÚøÆ!*)è<ØZzgr#ZßmÆ5\Ð{`ìX¾w�ÛZ$h4h½ð

EG�ÛZæÅW%e$~F‚wã~

ZLŠ!*]ÅgzÝ~ŠZg™@*ìā: Nicolas Sartorius ¦/ZgäzZÑÜ»''God and patriotism are an explosive mixture.''

LL}.ZZzgr#zíÔŠzâV»ZâZ`Š}ā&ƒ@*ìXóó'×h+Ò™@*ìāW%¾w�ÛZæÆgZÉÃb»**xåLLÅDZixóóX�*Æ Nicolas

Æ_.Ìè<Ø Karsten Voigt ÆZi+zZ,g',Zñ©]zZd Gerhard Schroder e·Æ**x6,œ-VYg~g�zZà6,ŸŠlVÅ@*gõÆÔX~ÑÅVßv"ñ]âg}‰Ô-g8ßvZ,I¸:_./r#ZßmÃZ•ð—½~ÃzVЊÙ÷TÆ‚BèIse$N™Š~YñX

äZLñ�Å@*G~«kBèx»jZ!Šïƒñ'×h+¹ìā: Voigt›''Remember, German soldiers in World War I wore belt buckles

reading 'Gott Mitt Uns' [God With Us]''

}.Zøg}‚BìXóó : LLc*ŠgÚÔ«kBx~�ð¯æVä�Û$¹Îæ EEXg¿‰ÔZy6,–åZzgZy6ÃgppzZáŠvZI„¸„Z,zZuCjZßVÐ$I Voigt øg}ìw~›

ÅÃÒ~÷X~xZâVäWùZKãZŠZgÃ0*âw™DƒñÔgc*„�ÆŠÃqZzggc*4¤‰Ü~ZŸ±Å{§è<ØÃ�gÏgZEwHXTçÑ}~è<ØÆZ,ZEwÅR÷ic*Š{Ðic*Š{ƒÔšµZkçÑ}»èIÆOñ�°ƒ**pŠZkÆaÌZzgŠ*Æh~Ìic*Š{ÆìYèZ,çÑ}~�°gzt„èI£œÅF,)ã™}ÇX™

\B54è FGJE‚bâ�Æ_.:''More generally, secularism refers to an approach to life grounded

not in religious morality but in human reason and universal ethics.''

LL�°Zix»Èi0+ÏÆ0Z(iZztó{ìTÅãCŠèIZܪ]6,7ÉZKã=Zzg»ÑCZܹZßßV6,ìXóó

äÌÅì�-g8-2ÆZ3^ÃgcgK Martin Ortega �°„ÅZÏÕŶK0+„Sm,~‹tógìXŠ*Æç5]~Z%Oœg(ÅË6,zZiÆ7èÃâgHHìā:

''Europe's history has led Europeans to a more cosmopolitan

(Z~5002 11 ) ]]]]ÖÖÖÖ����††††mmmmÃÃÃÃääää âx)

Page 5: Maghrib mazhabi shanakht prof inaam

worldview, which tries to understand 'the other'.''

LL-g\Å@*gõäZI-g\Æ;VŠ*»Zq-×zW»ÑC¦gaZ™Šc*ì�Šzu~ñVÆñ�ÃÌKÅÃÒ™@*ìXóóâgHÆìw~Zk-g8Z6,zaÆāZ]~ÐZq-tìā™F,+qÑ]ÆZ]Æ‚B¤‰ÜÆZEw6,0*È~µ_ìXZ[t0*È~Zq--g8Šg0_ìTÐZ%MøzxìX-g\Ô¬@¯Y°Zª�Å@*G™@*ì²Z%MZkÅ#¿~77ìX¬@ŠgzwZg]~¶Å{§K‰

-g8Z%s - YIç@}ÃZ%MšŠ™[ì²-g\äZÐ5+k,ZðŒìXâgHÆ_.Z%O)ZßwZzgZŠZg»Z%sì(X ''is a matter of principle, a matter of values''

¡÷ªCÙ™Dƒñë÷ā: Voigt �ðe·ÆZi+zZ,g›''in some segments of conservative US opinion, anti-European

feeling is on the rise.........They see us as soft on terrorism or as simply

immoral.''

LLZ%MÆŠZ#ÖIZIZ°ZñƉòV~-g\#³Zˆ‚]6,zZym�|gì÷Xz{B÷āŠc¤/Š~ÆÜsøgZñ�3,xc*¦J¦J)ZܹìXóó

|¸ìāZÒ-g8Ó‘ÔZK{gz0*ŒÅú~ZܹZŠZgÃoƒ�£xŠ¶ÅpZéÆÈ{Ƥ/ŠäìX-g8ZܹZŠZg»È�°Zix ''the war on terror'' q÷²Z%MÅ{gz0*Œ

»**x.ŠèIÈ{ìX ''axis of evil'' ìZzgZ%MÅŠc¤/Š~ÆÜskB»u*

-g\»èIZ§-g\~è<ØÅzZ3ÔZ¤/p°ZÒwZysV~„�āè<ØÔ-g8i0+ÏÅ!gëg~~W»ñçq0ŠHìÔ»°ZÌÅqïìXÜ)zge(Æ/Š}ÃVÔ;C)Zëe*(~ea™‚i

Åh•�ZzgqDßy/Š}ÃVÐ-g8f‚~i²!WŠHìXZki²áÆt Theo van Gogh

UË̃lq�ۊЗ7÷ÔpT§b‰Zz‡]Ë�ÛŠÅc*ŠŠZ“�ËqŠPÐzZ:WYCì)eZËpŠÌ÷á¾?m,™D÷(ÔZϧb**íZCyƈ-g\~ƒäzZáqŠU*]ä-g8f‚Å"ÃR6,Ñ9ZHìXßZzgeZ{ÁèIÆgŠè¿~',0*ƒäzZáZz[)&-g\ŶK>èU*6¹Y@*ì(ä-g8f‚ÃZ•ð÷Zð~è<ØÐ$+ó™g3åXè<ØÐZâ÷~$+~ƈZkЊz!*g{é5‡]Ô÷áh+Z,„qŠU*]žè¶ÔZ¤/pÃð¿tÈYìā-g\»è<ØÆ‚Bt*¬gsËZiâjw~7ƒZÔÉtâjwÂZÏ‚.âjwÅ!*i‚ìTÆgŠè¿~

(Z~5002 21 ) ]]]]ÖÖÖÖ����††††mmmmÃÃÃÃääää âx)

Page 6: Maghrib mazhabi shanakht prof inaam

-g\Ôè<ØÜZgáC`ŠHXÌt−Íð™@*ìā Patrick Weil ck~è<Ø»âCÙè/Z*] Sorbonne

Those indedents "will reinforce secularism."

LLZyzZu]Ð�°ZixÃ'×h+¾e$AÏXóóÆ�Zg~-g8@*gõÅzùD**uZKyŠÔèIgzZe$¾uJ-gc Patrick Weil

rìÔ5±<:''We are not going to sacrifice womens's equality, democracy and

individual freedom on the altar of a new religion.''

LLëpZ&Å)zZ]Ô/ge$ZzgZÐZŠ~MiZŠ~ÃË6è<ØÅ®m�JäÆa»g7óób�z~œZ‰ÜÆZ‹ZsÆ‚BÔë¦/Zgl™,Ðā-g\ÆŠ*èIâjwZzgqDŸŠIèIØ~LL7ãóó¡ªCÙ~ZzgÒÏìXŠzâVZŠzZgÆâjw~LLâÎóó»Zq-ãCŠ~�Ûtñ�ŠìX-g\ÅèIgzZe$ÔTÆgŠè¿~è<ØÜZggzZe$LL�°ZixóóäÀ1ÔãCŠ~îg6,èIW‡îVÆ"EZzgDŠÔgzbÐYK¶XZkÆ',@qDŸŠWöèIØ»u*�,œ~Æz{@*g]zzZuCúZï÷XÅú~ã~™ŠZgèIW‡îVÅOñf!0*Œ‚izV»g;ìXŠzu}

/V~ñ�Š{èIZ•I~Æú(ÏúZï»g�Ûâ÷:āËnÅZÅ;5é XWGCT»-g\Ãâè~‰ZIŠZø»tps"pìāñ�Š{èIØúgÂVÆ Patrick Weil ‚o™**7,ZåXZka

£tÔ/ge$ZzgZÐZŠ~WiZŠ-VŇLÞU*"$ƒÏXëB÷ā-g\Å—ÑbpZ0+ÏÆ!*)-g8úZxZKèIgzZe$Zzgñ�Š{èIØÆŠgxyèÃg{LL�ÛtóóÃl!B÷XZ¤/-g8úZxZ,Ågо{zg:ƒDÂ-g\~èIÃÅâ8-~ZŸ†:ƒ@*X',¤6~ƒ�Ðic*Š{Ã�Ûz|#™äzZá

Æ_.Z¹èIzgzqãÃÅ_5Ò¨4èIGEG Lucy Avery ÅF,)y{Ây Waterstone ZŠZg}

ZŸ†ƒZìX�ÛZ÷~èIÃƃ�Ð(,}**Ñ 4% (,Jã7,~÷YèZ+ÃÅ�Ûz|#~9÷ā: Laurence Vandamme ÅF,)y{Ây Cerf

''I have noticed that a lot of general-interest publishers are turning to

religious books now for commercial reasons, because that is what the

public wants.''

LL~ät!*]CkÅìāúZòŠw8o-ö FFÆñç¬]6,ÂÁYLzZßVÅZq-(,~®ZŠZ[ˆgCz�{ů6,èIÂ1Vŧsázƒg„ìÔZkaāZ[ßvZ+Â1VƤ�÷Xóóøg}ñ�Å'×h+@*GeZË%}zƒÅ!*]ЃYCìā:

(Z~5002 31 ) ]]]]ÖÖÖÖ����††††mmmmÃÃÃÃääää âx)

Page 7: Maghrib mazhabi shanakht prof inaam

''The discourse has changed. Ten or 15 years ago, any mention of

spiritual experiences would have drawn blank looks. Today people are

hungry to talk about them.''

LLZ[c»gc$+wŠHìXŠkc*Gg{‚w¬gzqãŠ!*]»f™ƒä6,ßvËŠw8o-ö FF»ZÖg7™D¸XZ[ßvZyÆ0WÆa"u÷Xóó

**òZÚz-i6,ŒZq-Â[~Ô�ÛZ÷Å',uèZMZg0*gK ''The Republic and Religion''

äÔXÆ�ÛZúœg“WŵìÔtÈ™�°ôÃg™Šc*ì: Nicolas Sarkozy Æœg''That the religious phenomenon is more important than people think,

that it can contribute to peace, to balance, to integration, to unity and

dialogue.''

LLè<Ø»1ZkÐ(,|™ZÌg‚rìAāßvB÷XtZðÔÂZiyÔq-3ÔZ�ŠZzgkãÆ�Ûzr~æŠÇgU*"$ƒYìXóó

Zq-Šx(,JDƒñë÷: Nicolas

''The Republic should debate this, and reflect on it''.

LL/gt�ÛZ÷ÃZk6,gzpnZzgc™ãecXóóZLoÅZq-œ~Š*�°gzZe$ÐZāZs™Dƒñáµ�ÛZúœg?m,7™D÷ā

public ™**ecX›æÖZÜZg™D÷āz{èZ<ØZzg subsidize gc*„�Ãl�aVZzg)].ÃÔæÖÅZkZ6,za6,-Vû{ Moisi ÆŠgxy6©]ÆaÃ÷áVg÷ÐX› authorities

™D÷āþ:''Sarkozy's novel approach is based on a sense that while for some,

religion is the problem, it can also be part of the solution. He is bringing a

kind of oxygen to the debate.''

LL‚gÃi~ÅZgCZ6,zaÅãCŠZkZˆk6,ìāè<ØZ¤/¼ßÍVÆaXaZ™ä»!*)ìÂtZk»iï%~Ì»gMæU*"$ƒYìXZkäZkc~Zq-5i0+ÏaZ™Š~ìXóó

Che Guevara äÔ�1Cc*ÅNh-V~ Regis Debray ZzgÂZzgÔ�ÛZ÷Æúc*V…Stefan Batory ů`~»%i+gìÔZKŠzqDûZO[Ô}.ZZzgè<ØÆ**xHìXzZg‚~ÔAleksander Smolar ckÆZ*ŠÔZq-Ÿi-g8® Sorbonne ÆœgZzg Foundation

è<ØÜZg~Ågzââe$Å«îðŶK0+„™Dƒñë÷:'' God is back among intellectuals. You can feel there is a problem of

(Z~5002 41 ) ]]]]ÖÖÖÖ����††††mmmmÃÃÃÃääää âx)

Page 8: Maghrib mazhabi shanakht prof inaam

soul in Europe; people are conscious of a void and there is a certain crisis

of secularism.''

LLŠZøzgzVÆ;V}.ZzZ:M[ìX?Ck™Mhƒā-g\~Zq-gzqãÂñ�ŠìXßvZq-ÜÃCk™gì÷Zzg�°ZixÃZq-{m|x~dZy»‚oìXóó

»tZ½kÌ5±�Ûâ�: Jacques Delors Zke~-g8zÆZq-‚.œg''I fear that the construction of Europe is sinking into absolute

materialism. Things are not going well for society, so society is little by

little going to start asking itself what life is for, what death is, and what

happens afterwards.''

LL=}.˜ìā-g\ÅyâŠe$ÆZå{«g~ez[g„ìXç5]΂ÌÆh~47gìÔZkaçÑ{gCgCZLM\ÐtÎZw™**Ñzq™g;ìāi0+Ï»ÑHìÔñ]HìZzgZkÆHƒ@*ìXóó

-g\~MèIgzZe$Å»“�@*g]z�RúZïÐsÃÔŒVtÎZwaZƒ@*ìāz{ÃyÏzZuC¸]ìTä-g\Æ

�°«g~gzqãØ,',0*Å÷?�Z[~W@¯gU›âVŧsZJYC÷Xšµ-g\~: è<Ø6,ñ�Š{¤/â¤/xcÆf)ŠZg›y„÷XZkÅPz�;]Šg`fs÷

)1(uŠkB~ÎZixÅ“~LLãCŠ~™ŠZgóó›âVÅèIzZÕ»g;ìX›âVÆZk™ŠZgÐ-g8ßva7-‰÷ZzgtYy‰÷āè<ع(,~]ìX

)2(›yæÌ"¿ƒVÔz{ÁZiÁ-g8ßÍVÆ£«~èI¢zgŒÛZgŠbYMh÷XZyÆ;VK~YäzZßVÅÑbÔl�aYäzZßVÐ}ic*Š{ìXÔM‚ßV~-g\Å›W!*Š~~&kHZŸ†ƒZìXtW!*Š~èIgzb~Àò;î»:L0g„ìX',¤â~›yZ¤/p',¤6Å

÷ÔpZq-uz}Æ_.-Åúi~KYäzZßVÅ®ZŠÔZÂZgÆgzil�a 3% W!*Š~»ÜsYäzZßVÐ}ic*Š{ìX

)3(-g8-2~F,ÅÅËqÆ¢{/õGE

GäèIÎZwÔ]ÐZ¸gZìXWÒ{Šk',ÎV~�›âVÅ-g\~áµËqÐ:Üsè<ØI~Ã�ÛzrïYìÉ-g\ÅÙ|#Ì 83

Ziuèâú0*$ËìXÅ´l�aZÏãCŠ6,-g8-2~F,ÅÅËqÐ{`ìZzgz*ŧsÐ-g\Å\Ù|#6,izgŠïƒñ¼Š!*gF,ÅÃGHŠHìāz{-g8-2~ËqÅÃl

F,u™Š}X

(Z~5002 51 ) ]]]]ÖÖÖÖ����††††mmmmÃÃÃÃääää âx)

Page 9: Maghrib mazhabi shanakht prof inaam

)4(-g\Å5Ù|#Åú~ñW,›W!*Š~ÅñW,Ñ•�Æ!*)tÎZwaZƒg;ìāH-g8�°Zix›âVÅè<ØI~ÐëW}ƒnÇÔYè›âVÅèIgzZe$~DÉZzgZKyŠ#Æz{�Zā70*ñYD�-g8èIgzZe$»{™ìÔZka›yZLè<ØÃçÑCi0+ÏÐï%6,gŸq7ƒVÐX

Zkßg]qw~-g8æ',+Æ‚tZq-(,ZÎZwtìāZ¤/-g\ZzgZsx»ZŠx7ƒ@*ÂH-g8×ZâE»bCÙ{™nÇāZkÆà~ŠzŠJgzV~˃YN?6èIÎZwZzg�°„ÅZkã

Zq-½Å¶K0+„™@*ìþ: Patrick Weil ¸]Ã7èÃgnpƒñ„�ÛZ÷»âCÙ/Z*]''This is the first time for a long time ......that we have had to show

that we can adapt and accept religious diversity........that is a challenge.''

LLîsæ]ƈtªñµìā…ZKZk&¢AÃU*"$™**7,g;ìāëèIàqÃJw™ÆZkÆ_.ZLM\ÃeJwMh÷XtzZ.Zq-½ìXóó

äT½Å!*]ÅìÔZkÅzZuCwÐ÷áh+„ËÃZ%sƒXšµt Patrick Weil

Zq-x½ìTÐ-g\Ãœāîg6,ìXZ½Cƒð5èIØzVÆ‚t�°ZixÅÏezHCkƒg„ìXZk»i0+{o]tìā-g\ZK�°gzZe$ÐZāZs™Dƒñ›âVÆ‚BèIãCŠzV6,LLZqÐi~|uóó»bCÙ{™g;ìXZkz‰Ü-g\ÃZq-LL6�°gzbóóÅZ”¢zg]ìT~CÙè<ØÆà-VÆZKã£tÅJ-$ñ�ŠƒXìwgìā-g8�°ZixÅñ�Š{gzZe$ÔMèI:

©7gBbXtŠg||áÅŠZ½„ÆZ•IZ:gzbÆgŠè¿~‡ìƒð¶X-g8‹~Zq-!*g„Š]Ç{YD 15% Z%OZzg 44% Zq-Ò7wÆ}òªCÙ™D÷ā

European ÷X)-g8Ñb¨ù¦ìÔzg:',èZW-g\ÆCÙo~tÑbZìX(-g8ë÷āz{}.ZZzggzb6,¢gnp÷XZÏ-g8 74% Æuz}Æ_. Values Study

¢ÃŠÙƒñèIßv6,Zy÷āz{-g\ÃLL}.ZWÙóó™ä»»xW‚ãЙÃÐX5±�Ûâ�

ÆìÑ]Ôq�Y)b6,JÅ´ñ�Æ Rocco Buttiglione 7\ÆZq-ŒÛRg=!*)-g8z~ËqÅZYi]:B:

''For a long time, they told us that science and maths would give us

the identity we need.......Both failed. Now when Europeans ask

themselves 'Who are we?' they do't have an answer. I suggest we are

christians.''

LLîs²áJ-z{…tCDgìā‚bZzggc*è…z{Ù|#«™Mh÷TÅ…

(Z~5002 61 ) ]]]]ÖÖÖÖ����††††mmmmÃÃÃÃääää âx)

Page 10: Maghrib mazhabi shanakht prof inaam

¢zg]ìÔptŠzâV**»xƒ`÷XZ[Z#ZI-g\pŠÐtÎZw™D÷āëÃy÷ÂZyÆ0*kÃð�Z[7ƒ@*X÷}ìw~Zk»�Z[tìāë\÷Xóó

pZkz‰Üßg]èqwtìā-g8ßvgzq+MÆ|Ù¢zg÷ÔpZ,è<ØÆ**xÐZ[Ì$+È÷TÅAZKâVÅ�Y‡JgƒXZk~Ãð—7āñ�Š{èIØÆ_Z{WäzZ៊ä-g8ßÍVÃZLâèÅc*ŠŠÑ™]»Dg™Šc*ìXZka-g8ßvÔè<ØZzggzq+MÊz

Æ_.: Murray Williams e{e{bCÙÆîg6,ágì÷X''Many people are seeing spirituality as something positive, while

religion is seen as a system that can be divisive.''

LL¹Ðßvgzq+MÃÂZq-µq™gì÷²è<ØZyÆìw~Zq-Z+]ì�„ZzgZíZtaZ™$ËìXóó

äÌ–ì: Frederic Lenoir EG+ÆZi+ñ''The need for meaning affects secularized and de-ideologized West

most o f a l l . . . . . . .U l t ramodern ind iv idua ls mis t rus t re l ig ious

institutions.......and they no longer believe in the radiant tomorrow

promised by science and politics; they are still confronted, though, by the

big questions about origins, suffering, and death.''

LLse$Å¢zg]�°ZzgÃtzZNŠÐøzxf[Ã�Ðic*Š{OW,™CìXuÐic*Š{].h+e$IZ�ÛZŠèIZŠZgzV6,ZOŠ7™DZzgZ¹‚bZzg(„�ŧsÐgz×w

Æz°}6,ÌZ[ic*Š{½z�7g;Xz{Z[̧]z»Ñ]ÅZ’ZÔi0+ÏÆrT$Zzgñ]Ð0)©àÎZÑ]Њzeg÷Xóó÷áh+ZÏa$+|#Ö-g8ßÍVÃic*Š{OW,™g;ìXZq-gzÏ5,ZŠ',¤â~½c*C!5ëE

Hìā: Suvannavira

''I have noticed a steady increase in interest.....Our order has

doubled in size since 1990.''

LL~äßÍVÅŠw8o-ö FF~Zq-ÚZŸ†CkHìX0991ƈÐøg}èIô~ŠzkHZŸ†ƒ[ìXóóøg~gZñ~|áZ[ZKyÅZÐZŠ~)fZC(i0+ÏÐÌ"Š4ƒ_ìX-g8ßvpZé

q÷āZ¹ÃðZ(gzqãu*ïYñ��°„~|á»Yd0nX$+|#ÖÅqD5+k,ZðÆ!*z�ŠWäzZáP‚}„tU*"$™ÃÐā$+|#ÖÔ-g8¢zg]Ã7gZ™äÅfg‚rìc*

(Z~5002 71 ) ]]]]ÖÖÖÖ����††††mmmmÃÃÃÃääää âx)

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7XZë!*]tìā-g\~ZèZ<ØƇZ++ÆŠgxyLLzgåg&Ó4jè GGIE’�óóŠÚ~Wg;ìTЊNßg]èqwaZƒìÔYèZ,¢ãgD**]˜VèZ<ØÆâΟŠÅÔÆâi÷Ô

z;VZk!*]Åâh+Ì÷ā6�°gzb~)èZ<ØÅ!*b',ŠZ“�ZzggzZŠZg~Æ!*)(è<Øûg3,™äÅOñZÐZë£xŠbic*Š{ΊqU*"$ƒÇXèZ<ØÆŠgxy¢ÈÅŠzVB5±�Ûâ�:

jßV~›¤]]6,egsÅÓä0*È~ Jean-Marie Lustiger )1(ck»WguuÆÜsZJ9ZƒZXZkÆ_.tÓäZŠZxÔèIWiZŠ~6,úìX

)2(ZϧbÅ´Zzg6,zÁ0*Šg-VäÌ',Ñ~³VÆ�}Å×e$ÅÔYèZq-Z(ÀegZ)7HŠHåT~ÍgŠzZg}~âgùÔW',zgm,~ZzgOz¸g]Æoø7K‰

äZq-ÒyYg~Hā: Vincent Nichols ¸X',ÑÆÅWguu''Such a deliberate, even if fictional, violation of the sacred place of

the sikh religion demeans the sacred place of every religion.''

LLõè<ØÅlk„Š]Ç{ÅZk§bÎcª"wäÐÔeìz{ZYâ~g8-„~YV:ƒÔÓxèZ<ØÆlk£â]ÅÂ�ƒCìXóó)Zq-Šzu}Å)].6,i',Š4ï™Æ)].Å"wä™äzZáLL0*Îã�Û‘!*izVóóÃÅ´

0*Šg~ÆZkÒyÐÁZiÁÑ)g¢zgƒ**ec(XZ¤/Zq-§sèZ<ØÆŠgxyèÃg{¢ãgztÀág;ìŠzu~§sèIZ�Š~Zzg�°"g~

Æâ+ Zq-Šzu}Æ£.Þ9}÷X¹Yg;ìā�'VÆŠgxy£ŠxÆOñZÝ£Šx}.ZÃZk!*]6,ªZã Luis Lopez zZßVZzg:â+zZßVÆŠgxyƒÇX÷áh+ZÏaZNÓ#ÖÆÇh+Zg

ìāToÅÛÐic*Š{W!*Š~÷áh+„Ll�aˆƒÔZko~t_c™**āŠ2gÆ‚B!*ªÃÌel~(Š~YñÔ{™Ðz¾d$ìXz{Hìāë½6,4ÔZb¹ÜZzg:tÆZ2Ã'×h+

™ä»ÈÔËZÒŠ~âÎÆgc*4è<ØÙ™**7ìÉZkÐà~£t~ZŸ† liberalize

: ƒ@*ìZzgZ2ÌÅ´o}Ð"*iƒYD÷Xz{'×h+Hìā''The government has a responsibility to represent the majority of the

people. Our policy has to depend on the people's will, not on the

preferences of the Catholic church.''

LLÓ#ÖÅf)ŠZg~tìāz{úZxÅZÒe$ÅúÒÏ™}Xøg~0*ŒÅãCŠßÍVÅ%è6,ƒãec:āÅ´GÅF,¶]6,XóóZ¤/0*Œ»Z®gßÍVÅAZzgZgZŠ{„ìÂëäZz6,Åc~¶K0+„™Š~ìāè<ØÔ-g\Å

(Z~5002 81 ) ]]]]ÖÖÖÖ����††††mmmmÃÃÃÃääää âx)

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ÌZkÐQQ!*]™D÷: Delors çÑ]~Š"0*îVŠz!*g{ŠZ4ƒg;ìX›''I do't expect a wholesale social mutation. But I can see little white

stones marking out a path.''

ŵÂ7ìÔpgLgLCè=Zq-gZ3 6,ZkgDyÆÀò�Ûzr R LL=�Y¯DŠ3ðŠï÷Xóó

\»Dg-g8›yf[¶~Ôf!™}~g�zZÑ›yŠzgZì6,9ZìXZy~›´V / ñ�Š{Zsx

Ðó]™Æf[~…zZáßÍVÆ´z{â›Ì÷áï÷XŠN!*]tìāZyŠzf!›¤/zƒVÆâÎÌ„~Wzm,lñ�ŠìXZ¤/'�›¤/z{ZLW!*ðèVÅ´‡ðgzZc*]zgÎâ]ÃZsx»]Š{ZzhJ™f!×ÐD»pZ;VìÂ⛤/z{ZLf!×ZzgZsòx]~ñZk»pZéqìX)ìwgìtÀòßg]èqwì(!!ÏäŠz£zk,Æfg)Ð-g8›âVƬ¤/z{ÆŠzgz-VŶK0+„ÅìXZq-¦k,~›y±HVZegsêƒñÔ�ÛZú}}~•k÷Xt¦k,Oîg6,èIÙ|#6,ZÜZgZzg�ÛZúçÑ}ÆãCŠ~ŠJg}~ËqÅWgizÅúÒ{ìXŠzu~¦k,~',¤â~›âV»Zq-¤/z{ßyÅZq-KÆ!*CÙ-20)',¤â~}Z(2+gèW>

gzbÅ1ìXZk~ reactionary ™g;ìZzgZ‚)0ÑŠyÆh~È}!*i~™g;ìXt¦k,-g8çÑ}ÐZân»UH¤ìXŠg|t£zk,ŠzZ,LL-g8›gz-VóóÅ´#Ö÷�ÃuZzgdw÷X%Zzg%ÅŠJgÊÚzZà{ñlZÒe$Æ!*g}~¢Ð¼7¹YYāz{ZCziy¾÷}~eZrìXƒYìz{ÃðŠZgZ3ˆl™}XZkz‰ÜZq-™zhäÑÄƵn-g\

»DgìX˜VJ- marg i na l i s a t i on Å›W!*Š~Ôù¦îg6,"gziÇg~Ô¾"$Zzg»mìÔtMZ�]XìpãCŠ~îg6,tXLLè<Øóó„Ƥ/ŠOìX marginalisation

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›yãCŠ~',¤â~pDŠJg} 33% �',¤â~›âV~Ð 1.8 qDgZñÑg~äªCÙHìā›yñ�Š{ñZkÄ"YZzguÐ(,JƒZìw 26% Ðic*Š{Ðic*Š{LLñZkóóeT÷ÔZ¤/p

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(Z~5002 91 ) ]]]]ÖÖÖÖ����††††mmmmÃÃÃÃääää âx)

Page 13: Maghrib mazhabi shanakht prof inaam

''The Muslim community has to stand up and be counted as a British

Muslim community.''

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(Z~5002 02 ) ]]]]ÖÖÖÖ����††††mmmmÃÃÃÃääää âx)

Page 14: Maghrib mazhabi shanakht prof inaam

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