madison and the war of 1812 libertyville high school
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Madison and the War of 1812
Libertyville High School
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James Madison
• Virginian planter• Follower of Jefferson• Wrote some of the
Federalist Papers• “Father of
Constitution”• Married Dolly (17 yrs
younger), 1794 – she created the role of First Lady Dolly Madison
Madison, as President
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“Father of Constitution” & Bill of Rights
• Wrote Virginia Plan• Came up with three
branch government form• Wrote Bill of Rights
– Wanted it part of Constitution, not separate
– Wanted it to apply to states, too (14th , 15th Amendments)
Madison’s notes from Constitutional convention
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From F to D-R• Madison very much
opposed to European style government (strong Exec, army)
• Leader of opposition against Hamilton’s Bank (strict interp)
• Worked w/ Jefferson to organize D-R Party
First US Bank, Philadelphia
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President Madison & the Bank• Elected in 1808• Allowed Bank of US
to expire in 1811 (20 years after founding)
• During War of 1812, quickly realized how hard it was to fight war without money
• 1815 – asked Congress for new bank
$1 gold coin, minted 2007
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Madison: Sliding to War
• Madison tried to avoid war w/ Britain by repealing Non-Intercourse Acts
• British, French continued to harass US shipping
• Madison’s conflicts with “war hawks” Political cartoon on repeal
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“Warhawks”• Younger D-Rs from
Western, Southern states (KY, TN, OH & NW Territories)
• Too young to fight in Rev. War
• Desired war against Britain (insults to national pride, etc)
• Most important WHs: Speaker of House Clay, John Calhoun
Henry Clay
John C. Calhoun
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War of 1812• Madison built public
support for war– But not enough
money spent preparing for war (army, navy, forts, militias)
• US declared war on June 12, 1812– “Mr. Madison’s War”– “Second War of
Independence”
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War of 1812
• Causes of War– Impressment of
Americans– American
Resentment Against British
– British Support of Native Americans Against American Frontier
– American Desire for Canada, Florida
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Election of 1812
• Madison challenged by a D-R, DeWitt Clinton, who switched parties, over the War of 1812
• Federalists supported Clinton– Clinton ran as anti-war in
NE, pro-war in South, West
– Closer election than in 1808
Madison: 128 ECVClinton: 89 ECV
Popular Vote:Madison: 50.4%Clinton: 47.6%
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War of 1812: Federalist Opposition
• Federalists opposed to war, esp. in New England– Engaged in smuggling w/
Canada– Refused to support troops– Hartford Convention, Dec.
1814• Minority power to nullify
federal laws when deemed to be unconstitutional
• Secession of New England seriously debated
• End of war = end of Federalist Party
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Treaty of Ghent, 1815• Exchanged POWs• Established commissions
to work on disputed issues– Trade– Fishing
• Rush-Bagot Agreement (1818)
• Treaty Line of 1818• All lands captured by
British, US returned to previous owners
• Peace! Signing of the Treaty of Ghent
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War of 1812: Fun Facts
• Commodore Oliver Perry– Battle of Lake Erie, 1813
(saved Ohio Valley, opened Canada to invasion)
– “We have met the enemy…”
• Francis Scott Key & the Star Spangled Banner– Prisoner exchange late in
war
– British bombardment of Fort McHenry, outside Baltimore
Key, from the British ship
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War of 1812: Fun Facts
• Battle of New Orleans (Jan, 1815)– News travels slowly…– Andrew Jackson, US
Commander– Battle: British are mauled– Jackson becomes
national hero
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1815: Turning Point in US History
• Upsurge in nationalism
• Upsurge in industrialization
• Upsurge in western settlement
• National attention focused on internal development
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