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Executive Summary (ESA Report)

Madhya Pradesh Water Sector Restructuring Project Environmental and Social Assessment

Executive Summary 1.1 INTRODUCnON Madhya Pradesh, which is also called the heart of India, is located between longitudes 74O and 82O45’ E and latitudes 21° and 27O N has geographical area of 308,245 sq km with 48 administrative districts. The landlocked state is surrounded by the states of Uttar Pradesh in the north, Maharashtra in the south, Chhattisgarh to the east and Gujarat and Rajasthan in the west. Undivided Madhya Pradesh came into existence on November 1, 1956 when states of the Indian Union were reorganized on the basis of the languages. The geographically largest state of the country M.P. was bifurcated in November 2000 and a new state of Chhattisgarh was created. Despite this bifurcation the new state of Madhya Pradesh is still the second largest state of the Indian Union. The population of Madhya Pradesh is 60,385,118 as per Census of 2001. The figure recorded in the 1991 census was 48,566,242, representing an interim growth of 24.34%.

1.2

The State of Madhya Pradesh has ten river basins. Three of them Mahi, Narmada, Tapti are west flowing, while Wainganga flows east to join Godavari. The remaining six rivers namely Chambal, Sindh, Betwa, Ken, Tons and Son flow northwards and are part of Ganga - Yamuna river system. The annual rainfall of the state ranges from 800 mm to 1600 mm covering only in the three to four monsoon months. This results in watercourses remaining dry from January to June. A number of Surface Water Storage Structures have been constructed to augment water availability during non - monsoon months. However over the years, performance of these Surface Water Storages has been declining substantially. This is largely due to degraded infrastructure caused by poor maintenance, inappropriate operation and lack of participation by the farmers. Ground water storages have experienced large-scale withdrawals leading to widespread decline in the groundwater table across the state. Water quality is also emerging as an important issue with salination, fluorodisation of deep aquifers and deterioration in surface water quality. I n future it is expected that sub-sectoral demands of water would also adversely affect the expansion of irrigated agriculture. All these emerging problems call for immediate action for controlling and mitigating further decline in water sector efficiency and productivity.

1.3 INSTITUTIONAL & POLICY FRAMEWORK The 1987 National Water Policy of Government of India emphasizes the need for integrated water resources management in a basin context. The State Government of Madhya Pradesh has adopted State Water Policy 2003 which in line with the National Water Policy and in accordance with the same. Also the following Acts of the government of India govern the development of water resources in the State of Madhya Pradesh.

The River Boards Act, 1956 and The Inter-State Water Disputes Act, 1956

* Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act Environment Protection Act 1986

WATER RESOURCES OF MADHYA PRADESH

M a d h y a Pradesh W a t e r Sector Restructuring Project

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Both Government of India and Government of Madhya Pradesh have important environmental regulatory framework for assessing the environmental impact of the developmental programmes. Both Central Pollution Control Board and the State pollution Control Boards have been actively involved in the monitoring the various developmental projects. However there is a need to strengthening the regulatory framework with respect of water resources projects dealing with irrigated agriculture. Government of MP has come out with a policy on rehabilitation for persons affected by projects. The policy aims at proper rehabilitation of the displaced families. The policy deals with compensation for land, house, tree, agricultural land etc. and for allotment of land for house construction, agricultural land, rehabilitation grant, assistance for transportation, etc. The policy deals with other aspects also advisory committee and district/division level committees for proper implementation of policies. Both at the government India level and the level of Government of Madhya Pradesh there are adequate regulatory framework for protecting forestlands with its flora and fauna. There are a number of programmes both at central and state levels for the upliftment of tribal and other indigenous population. There are separate departments at both state and central levels for formulating welfare schemes for women and children. The apex institution in Madhya Pradesh for the development & management of water resources is the Water Resources Department (WRD). The department has extensive expertise in design, construction, operation & maintenance of water resources projects and has offices in all parts of the state. I n addition there are demand side institutions comprising of Public health engineering Department, Panchayat and Rural development department, Agricultural department, Energy Department, Tourism department, Forest Department, Fisheries department, Urban development department, Industries department which have vital stakes in the management of water resources. The state government enacted farmer managed irrigation act in 1999 for participatory irrigation management. This step effectively transferred the operation & maintenance of the various irrigation projects to the beneficiary farmers. The current institutional situation is charecterised by Inadequate knowledge base & awareness at the grass root level, inadequate interaction among supply & demand side institutions, lack of effective decision making process at basin level, and poor financial management.

1.4 PROJECT DESCRIPTION The Madhya Pradesh Water Sector Restructuring Project (MPWSRP) plans a holistic development with an integrated vision for water sector development and management and user participation in planning and management to achieve a demand driven process. The strategy emphasis an environmentally and socially sustainable basin approach for water resources planning and management, including conjunctive use of water. Agricultural intensification and diversification to be supported under this proposed intervention would contribute to creation of both on farm & off farm employment and create enabling environment for private sector participation. Thus the project would contribute to the poverty reduction and sustainable growth. The MPWSR project is proposed to be implemented in the five focus basins namely Chambal, Ken, Tons, Sindh and Betwa. The Project is a multi hierarchical programme, which attempts to address the existing deficiencies through a mix of institutional reforms and rehabilitation of physical assets. The Project comprises of the following sub-projects: 0 Institutional Reforms: This sub project comprises of resources planning & allocation mechanism through establishment of State Water Resources Agency and Basin level Agencies. Coupled with this there would be regulatory mechanism for Bulk water tariffs/rights

Madhya Pradesh Water Sector Restructuring Project

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administration and retail water tariffs management. These reforms would be supported by enabling investments for development & use of Decision support systems, integrated basin plans and monitoring systems.

Reforms for Irricration and Drainaae Sub sector: This sub project includes Line agency reforms (WRD) involving right sizing of the department with appropriate skill mix while transferring of WRM functions to the apex institutions. Development of management information system, training & capacity building of WRD and public private partnership in selected schemes is also envisaged under this sub project.

Assets Modernisation: This sub project involves rehabilitation of selected irrigation & drainage schemes with participatory system design, volumetric delivery of water to Water User Associations and real time monitoring & management of systems. Improvement of agricultural sector productivity is expected through development proper cropping pattern, horticulture, fisheries, livestock with the help of existing Irrigation & drainage assets.

Although the physical investments will be primarily of a rehabilitation type, an environmental category 'A" classification has been adopted given the spatial scale of investments, new nature of some of the activities and the number of Bank safeguards policies that could be triggered.

1.5 STUDYAREA The present environmental and social assessment study is confined to the 5 sub-basins Le. Chambal, Sindh, Betwa, Ken, and Tons river. these basins are contiguous in nature and cover almost the entire stretch between central to northern part of the state of Madhya Pradesh. There are 10 major, 50 medium and 1550 minor irrigation schemes in these basins. I n all 30 districts out of the 48 districts of the state are fully or partly covered by these 5 basins. The salient features of the five study basins are as presented in the following sections.

Salient Features of the Five Study Basins


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Map not to scale. \

The ESA study has been carried out to provide input into the MPWSRP in accordance with the World Bank operational guidelines, The primary objective of the ESA study is to identify the key environmental and social issues related to the project. The study was carried out in five study basins covering twenty sample

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Formulation 81 Finalisation of TOR for the study Location Activity Date : 26/9/02 Bhopal Consultation with line departments

10/10/02 Command Area Discussion with primary stake of Sarnrat Ashok sagar project, Water users/farmers Dist Raisen

Harsi Major project, Dist Water users/farmers Gwalior

13/12/02 Bhopal Discussion and finalization of TOR

holders, field level functionaries,

11/10/02 Command area Discussion with primary stake holders, field level functionaries,

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LEGEND

NAFMADA WAINGANGA TONS BETWA

TAPTI SONE KEN SlNOH

CHAMEAL

MAHl

1.7 STUDY METHODOLOGY The methodology followed during the study comprised of the following:

Madhya P r a d e s h W a t e r S e c t o r Restructuring Pro jec t

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Executive Summary (ESA Report):

1.7.1 Base line data compiled and reviewed included both basin level and specific project level data. To appreciate the water sub sector issues at the basin level visits were made to different line departments at the state and district levels. The issues discussed and relevant data, as was made available, were used to assess the basin baseline status. The aspects covered include status of development in sectors like Agriculture, Horticulture, Fisheries, Drinking water, Forests, and Animal Husbandry. Final selection of the sample irrigation & drainage schemes was undertaken after undertaking basin level consultations. For the selected projects the following information were collected: Salient features, Hydrology, Dam and its appurtenances, Head works, Canal network, Command area details, Planned potential and potential utilized, Performance of the project, Institutional arrangement, Infrastructure within the project area, Communication network for the project area, and Information systems for the project 1.1.2 Subsequent to the review of the baseline data reconnaissance visits to the project area were conducted. During these visits status of the various components of the irrigation system were observed. The team moved from head works to the tail of the project area to get a first hand appreciation of the condition of the canal network, control structures, regulatory structures, cross drainage structures, outlets and distribution system below the outlets. During these visits the team interacted with farmers and the WRD officials at the field level to assess the deficiencies in the operation and the maintenance of the canal network. This visit also helped in assessing the pre-existing environmental problems such water logging, salinity, soil erosion and reservoir siltation within the project area. 1.7.3

Based on the analysis of the baseline data and the reconnaissance visit to the project area further discussions were held at the Executive Engineers office. The topics covered during the discussions were: Pre existing deficiencies in the project, Impact of these deficiencies on the performance of the project, Proposed activities for overcoming these deficiencies. These discussions also focused on the sample villages to be covered for the household survey. 1.7.4 Household and Wage Preliminary questionnaire were prepared based on Screening & Scoping exercise. These were tested in the field and amended before canvassing them in the field. For detailed surveys 4 to 10 villages were selected in each of the selected schemes. These villages and stakeholders were selected based on the following parameters: 0

&mpilation & Review of the base line data

Reconnaissance visit to the pmjectarea

Discussion with the WRD Staff

Nature of use of the water resource: Domestic users, agricultural users, industrial users, WUAs and others.

0 Identification of stakeholders based on socio-economic and cultural groupings: Gender groups, age groups, caste groups, progressive and backward communities, rich and poor, etc.,

Madhya P r a d e s h W a t e r S e c t o r Restructuring Pro jec t

e Vulnerability criteria: Women and children, poor, indigenous peoples, etc.

rn Identification of different communities: Based on their locations in relation to each project river basin as differentiated by catchment, submergence, command and adjacent areas.

Selection of sample of primary stakeholders was carried out to represent diversified population groups spreading over different areas within each project river basins. Stakeholder groups in the primary level have been identified for carrying out consultations in the following way:

Listing of villages as per secondary source population statistics for each representative scheme (major, medium or minor) for each focus Basin.

Identifying villages representing concentration of desired groups of primary stakeholders,

Finalizing selection of villages with representative primary stakeholder groups sitting with WRD officials of respective Project Offices.

Thus 122 sample villages were surveyed during the fieldwork. In each sample village two types of surveys were carried out namely, the village survey and the household survey. About 20% of the households in the selected villages were covered in this survey. The households for the survey were selected based caste, occupation, land holding size etc. Around 3500 households were surveyed in the five focus basins. Trained investigators under the supervision of sector specialists carried out these surveys. 1.7.5 Consultations with stakehoiders In depth consultations were conducted with three different types of stakeholders, namely primary stakeholders, secondary stakeholders and tertiary stakeholders. A team of professionals comprising of irrigation specialist, agriculture & rural development specialist, institutional expert, sociologist, environmental expert and gender specialist conducted the consultations. In sample villages discussions were held with groups of farmers. Separate meetings and group discussions were held with women, landless labourers etc by sociologist and gender specialist. Discussions were also held with key informants like gram panchayat president & secretary, WUA president or member, anganwadi worker, schoolteacher etc. These consultations were followed up with transit walk along the canal network or to the damaged canal segment or an outlet point. Subsequent to the field level consultations discussions were held with the officials of WRD department at the executive engineers office. Discussions were held with the executive engineer, sub-divisional officer, sub-engineers in charge of the project, canal amins, etc. Besides various institutions and departments at district level were contacted and consultations were held with their senior officials. Some of the institutions and government departments that were consulted in different districts were: Public Health Engineering Department, Agricultural Department, Horticulture Department, Fisheries Department, District statistical officer, Agriculture Training Institute, PHED water testing laboratory, Project Director, Panna National Forest, and the Forest Department.

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Focus Group Discussions with women groups

1.8 ESA FINDINGS The screening & scoping exercise, conducted as a part of the current Environmental & Social Assessment study, was based on extensive consultation with a range of stake holders such as concerned government departments, NGOs, land holders, private parties and initial knowledge base assessment including multi agency data collection and an extensive Geographic Information System (GIS) established and analysis. Based on this effort the following key issues emerged.

Mismatch between water availability & demand: The five target basins receive 90 to 95% of annual rainfall in the four monsoon months. But the water demands from various sectors have their peaks at different months, which need to be met. Further due to land use constraints (existence of large reserve forests, urban agglomerations) there is spatial mismatch between water availability and its current & potential use.

Uneven and unplanned water demand: The growth of irrigated agriculture is uneven across different basins/sub basins. The demand for municipal & industrial water supply is concentrated in some sub basin pockets. Some of basins have periodic and high demand for water for human use due to religious festivals and melas.

Improper exploitation of ground water: In many of the sub basins there has been over exploitation of ground water resources. Some of the talukas have been declared as distressed (Malwa Plateau). There are reports of seasonal rise in the water table levels at many locations.

Quality of water: There are reports of localized decline in the quality of water in some sub basins.

Lack of accurate and consistent hydrologic data & analysis: The problem is due to lack of instrumentationslgauges, inadequate staff, lack of training among staff, inaccessibility of the head works/canal network and inadequate communication system.

0

Village level consultation

Madhya Pradesh Water Sector ,Restructuring Project

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Degraded and weak physical assets: Dams, head works, canal systems, Logistic supporting system etc have been degraded and weakened due neglect of adequate maintenance.

Weak Institutional Setup: Water resources department, agricultural extension, water user’s associations etc are not strong and proactive. There is lack of awareness. The communication and support infrastructure is absent.

Weak Financial status: The prevailing problems leading to weak financial status of water sector are: Lack of accurate record of beneficiaries, Lack of accurate and real time monitoring of water supply and its utilisation. Weak & inadequate water revenue collection system.

Weak irrigated agriculture: I n the five basins the irrigated agriculture is weak with neglect of Kharif irrigation. Rabi irrigation is not adequately diversified. The agriculture output per hectare is low with poor utilisation of existing irrigation facilities. There is lack adequate development of subsidiary activities like animal husbandry and horticulture

Social and Cultural Issues: The quality of life of indigenous people is impacted by water development projects, with issues such as: social structure and income sources; resources used; technical data on production systems; relationship between indigenous people and others; production and marketing activities; and land tenure. Other issues like caste wise compartmentalization; participation of women in decision-making arrangement is absent, adverse role of liquor & gambling, high-level unemployment and lack of access to training.

1.9 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES A number of issues that not only have impacted on the productivity of water in the basin but also likely to influence the outcome of the interventions proposed for various projects. These issues relate to physical, environmental and social aspects of different projects. Considering these aspects, a number of alternatives were examined for likely benefits & concerns and strengths & weaknesses. The end result of such an assessment was formulation of a rational framework for planning interventions in various projects & river basins. Some of the alternatives that have emerged from the field level consultations have been discussed in the following sections.


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i Executive Summary (ESA Repod)/

Alternati ve

No Project

Basin level planning

Focus on specific projects

Single sector Approach (Irrigation & Drainage)

Multiple sector approach

Alternative auuroaches and ImDact Analvsis .. Benefits

Business as usual Diversion of funds tc other developmental activities

Integration Of environmental concerns into project planning and management Linkages between the requirements of different water users Better use of hydrological data

* Preventions of social conflicts

_. . . . . - . .

Scaling down of Basin level programme More focused involvement Easier implementation Continuity with present practice of planning & management It is easier to channelise the interventions in a single sector rather in multiple sectors. Irrigation & drainage sector is by far most degraded and in need of immediate interventions Enhancing the efficiency in the irrigation sector will lead to significant productivity increases in other sectors Enhancing the productivity of water with linkages among the requirements of different sectors

D Mainstreaming the environmental concerns on a wider spatial context Involvement of other departments in the restructuring programme Spread of benefits of the programme over a wider social base.

Concerns

No gains s

Soaalunrest

Continued degradation of physical systems Low productivity of water & land resources Possibility of serious environmental consequences

Overall damage to the regional economy Lack of administrative framework at basin levels. .

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There is lack of consistent and accurate hydrologic data at the basin level. Each department works in a compartmentalized basis reporting the district collector and their state level officers. There in negligible interaction between various departmen& both at district level and state level. There is no sharing of data & information between various departments on a regular basin. Each department plans, implements and manages their own projects based on sitespecific conditions. There is lack of adequate awareness regarding the environmental aspects among of the staff of various departments. Long term planning adversely affected Possibility of conflicts with other water users Down stream Users affected

Complete benefits unlikely to accrue with out matching development of other sectors like agriculture and Horticulture. Long term planning may be jeopardized

Likely biased water allocation for selected sector Possibility of social conflict

D I n the absence of basin level framework a multisectoral approach becomes difficult Lack of adequate data/knowledge base for multisectoral interventions. Coordination among the different departments is difficult as at present. Spread of investments may become thin.

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Madhya Pradesh Water Sector 'Restructuring Project

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Type

Irrigation & Drainage Sector Context

Project context

:nstitution 4 Context

Alternati ve

Rehabilitati ng single WRD scheme at a time

Rehabilitati ng specific components across number of schemes

Surface Water Use Only

Conjunctive use of jurface and ground vyater ‘esources 3pen rhannel :onveyance jystem Jiped :onveyance vstem Aed Canal system

Jnlined 3anai system I & M with NRD Staff

1 & M with NUAS

Benefits

The efficiency of project would be maximum if all its deficiencies were over come at once The project would not require any repairs & rehabilitation for at least next decade The reliability of the services would be enhanced significantly. The maintenance costs would come down drastically The Confidence of the farmers in the reliability of the system would increase thereby lessening the chances of over irrigation

Major limiting factors of the project would be addressed immediately

* Maximum benefit with minimum cost Better spread of benefit regionally Better visibility of the programme Consistent with current practice Easier to manage - LessO&MCost

0 More assured irrigation Larger resource base

water supply

Cheaper option

0 More efficient Less 0 & M Costs . .

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More durable Less 0 & M costs Better canal water regulation Less capital intensive Low tech option

WRD Staff seen as impartial and involved Technically competent and experienced personnel Decentralized management

Concerns

Spread of the benefit will be confined to localized areas Other projects equally in need of rehabilitation need to wait a long period. May not yield maximum benefit with minimum investment, May create social tensions

Less than optimum performance of the projects in the initiai years Delay in realizing maximum output from each project Social tensions due to delay in the improving the efficiencies of the individual project

D

D

Neglect of vital resource i.e. ground water Adverse impact on the long term economic benefits

Higher energy costs. B Higher maintenance costs I Higher investments t Competition with private sector (Farmers)

More susceptible for unauthorized operation

Higher 0 & M costs

More expensive

1. Possibility of environmental degradation B

1 More expensive Adversely affects the recharge to the ground water

1 Lack of conveyance efficiency 1 Easily damaged and degraded

b

1 Centralized control & management Goes against the spirit of empowerment of the stakeholders

1

5 Conflict among WUAs I Poor leadership

Conflict with the WRD dept.

4adhyo Pradesh Water Sector !estructuring Project

1.10 MONITORING & EVALUATION MECHANISM Monitoring and Evaluation Indicators have been developed to ensure implementation of environmental and social safeguard elements that have been built into all the stages of the project namely: 0 Screening and selection,

Planning for Interventions, Detailed Design,

e Implementation, e Operation & Maintenance, and e Periodic performance evaluation. At each stage indicators have been framed for Inputs / Process, Outputs and Outcomes / Impacts. The Benchmarks and Indicators combine both quantitative and qualitative types of data. The implementing agencies, client groups as well as independent third parties shall record the indicators. A consultative framework is proposed to record relevant issues from the village level institutions and villagers. Lessons learnt from monitoring and stakeholders feedback shall be used to make possible adjustments in the project design and implementation to better address the safeguard measures.

1.11 TRAINING AND CAPACITY BUILDING The need for training and capacity building of all stakeholders is a must towards ensuring adequate appreciation and addressing environmental and social issues associated with the project. Additional manpower shall be needed to effectively implement the procedures laid down in the SEMF to ensure mitigation of project environmental and social impacts. Training locations and the language selection for training should be customized to suit the convenience of the trainees. Where the turnouts of villagers is low, decentralized training locations close to the villages of the trainees, with the involvement of NGOs (if required) shall help achieve the desired results.

Principal aspects of training required for various stakeholders are as follows:

Sensitization about environmental & social issues

Mitigation & monitoring measures to address environmental & social issues

M a d h y a Pradesh Water Sec tor 'Restructuring Project

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SQCIAL & ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK 1.12 SUBPROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CYCLE Based on the consultation carried out with stakeholders, review of existing rules & regulations with the various departments, and site inspections a set of guide lines were formulated to manage the sub projects envisaged under MPWSRP. Few of the samples of these are presented in the figures. Budgeting for the Environmental & Social safeguard measures are being finalized.

Responsible Stage Activity Indicators

WRD, Line Departments, Dist. Collectorate

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v) Line Depts, f Consultants

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Work Study of WRD Workshop 8 Seminars

Reconnaissance visits to Basin Consultation with Dist. Collectorate

*Number of Meetings .No. of Seminars & Workshops *Attendance at Meetings *Study Report -Number of Fieid Visits

.Number of meetings & attendance

.Presence of Key Stakeholders *Minutes of meeting -0ptrons (Physical & Technical)

Workshops 8 Seminars

Consultancy Assignments

-Appraisal Comments Reflected in Plan and Estimate

Consultancy Reports

Memorandum of Understanding

Setting up Apex bodies

-1 Setup Training Programs

Project Completion Report

Contract Signed *Flow of goods & equipment *Fund Flow *Buildings

*Project Completion Report

f

Training and awareness activities all through

*Links with other State & National level agencies


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Responsible Stage Activity Indicators - Agency WRD, Consultants, Other Line Departments

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a? S .- - 3 WRD, Other E: Line Depts, W Consultants

*Database .Meetings .Seminars & Workshops .Road shows *Environmental & Social Screening Report

-Number of meetings & attendance *Participation of Line Depts. *Linkages with Field Level Offices .Options & Alternatives

r Initial Plan and Estimate PreDaration .Initial Plan and Estimates

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Stakeholder Meetings

*Technical *Economic


Plans for Training Program

*Execution *Supervision Gualitv Control


Evaluatlon Framework

*Meetings (Number, Attendance, and minutes)

.Appraisal Comments Reflected in Plan and Estimate

-Meetings (Number, attendance, minutes)

*MOU .Identification of Project Teams

Contract Signed .Flow of goods &equipment *Fund Flow

*Number of Trainees *Number of Training Programs

.Project Completion Report

.Final Evaluation Framework

*Links with other State & National level agencies

* Training and awareness activities all through


Responsible Stage n Agency

WRD, NGOs, Other Line Agencies

WRD, NGOs, WUAS, Other Line Agencies

WRD, NGOs, WUAs, Other Line Agencies, Consultants

WRD, NGOs, WUAS, Other Line Agencies, Panchayats

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Activity Indicators *Location & Setting

(sOcioeC(Jn data hydrology, Screening *Database

asset inventory + photos) *M&L baseline

I Participatory Rural Appraisal I Focus arouD discussions

Consultation - Project Level

Joint Walkthroughs

initial Pian and Estimate Preparation


.Key stakeholders relevant to Project *E&S Screening

*Number of meetings & attendance .Presence of key stakeholders identifiec *Minutes of meetings+Photos *Maps of Issues (incl. problems) *Links *Options (structural & non-structural) Reflecting problems & consultations *Initial Plan and Estimate

*Meetings (Number, Attendance, and minutes)


*Meetings (Number, attendance, minutes)

*MOU developed and signed with plan, estimates, schedule (WUA, WRD. Other Line Agencies)

.Procurement documents and procedures followed and contracts awarded & equipment procured *Fund Flow

*Works executed .WUA, WRD and other supervision

*ICR Prepared *Final M&L indicators Implementation Completion Report

Sustainability Activities


*Links with other agencies


Responsible Stage Activitv Indicators Agency

WRD, Agri, Horticulture, Fisheries, Animal Husbandry, Dist. Panchayat

Line Agencies, N G O s , Consultants, Agri Univ, Research Stations, Panchayats

Line Agencies, N G O s , Consultants, Dist Panchayats

*Database .Baseline Data of Key stakeholders .Situational Analysis Report

*Number of meetings & attendence -Presence of key stakeholders identifiec .Minutes of meetings +Photos .Maps of Issues (incl. problems) .Implementation Plans *Sources of Inputs

Initial Plan and Estimate Preparation .Initial Pian and Estimates

Stakeholder Meetings -Meetings (Number, Attendance, and minutes)


*Meetings (Number, attendance, minutes)

*MOU *Identification of Project Teams

Contract Signed *Procurement of goods & equipment .Fund Flow

Upgradation of Infrastructure *Flow of Information


Setup Monitoring Procedures

.Project Completion Report

.Monitoring Framework

.Links with other agencies



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Executive Summary (ESA Repoit),

1.14 STRATEGY AND ACTION PLANS (1) TRIBAL DEVELOPMENT I n many of the project areas, there is a likelihood of settlements with considerable tribal population getting adversely impacted by the project. This can be attributed to the fact that they are dependent and sustaining on the natural resources since generations. The Constitution of India as well as various Acts have provisions to protect them from exploitation and develop the areas promoting economic, educational, and social progress. Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act (PESA) 1996 has given control of land, forests and water in the hands of tribal through institution of Gram Sabha (Village Assembly). Also Tenancy acts control marginalisation of tribal household through restriction of transfer of land from tribal to non-tribal person. As per the World Bank Directive (OD 4.20), Indigenous Peoples Development Plan (IPDP) is required if there is a likelihood of the tribal or indigenous population to be adversely affected by the project. I n order to address issues pertaining to compensation to the project affected person or group belonging to a tribal community, their socio-economic characteristics, details of type of land and ownership, dependence of tribal population in such land, their tenurial rights and access to various categories of land needs to be addressed.

The WRD shall be the main responsible agency for identification of the impacted persons belonging to the indigenous groups and incorporating the existing traditional system of these groups for an effective implementation of the projects. Involvement of Panchayats is important for incorporating and management of the impacts within the existing Joint Forest Management (JFM), approaches of rural decentralization and development. The Panchayats should also be engaged in carrying out the surveys and consultations with the tribal people.

The Gram Panchayat a t the grassroots level may take care of land acquisition following PESA Act. At the District Level, an Assistant Engineer may be associated with looking into land acquisition. There is a need to strengthen the WRD with introducing a Social Cell within the WRD structure that will be engaged in taking care of redressing grievances and mitigating negative social impacts caused due to the project, especially on indigenous peoples. The Cell should have staff fully aware of provisions of IPDP, adequate understanding on norms and customs of and respect to the indigenous peoples.

There is a need to integrate stakeholders’ participation from the tribal communities throughout the project life cycle. The projects have to be designed on a participatory framework where consultation with stakeholders at every stage will remain the main focus of project activity. To generate stakeholders’ participation, public consultation in the project should be carried out in a planned way.

The main guiding principle of the IPDP should be finalized to provide compensation mechanisms and measures required for the project. The Social Cell within WRD should ensure proper implementation of the plan and will deal with any grievance. Information pertaining to the schedule of the IPDP activities should be provided to the community in advance following Land Acquisition Act adopted by the State by the WRD. The rehabilitation measures should continue during the construction stage.


(2) GENDER ISSUES The magnitude of impacts of development projects is maximum on women, who are excluded or benefited in a limited way or at times even negatively impacted by projects. Though women constitute half the population of any community, they are considered vulnerable owing to their comparative backwardness in terms of health, education, income, decision-making, access to and control over resources. This vulnerability is responsible for creating situations that would accentuate negative social costs of development. Thus the project should provide for ensuring social justice and welfare measures towards probable project affected women. Some of the measures are as follows:

0 Provisions to empower women for sustainable income generation on their own.

0 Creating alternative livelihoods for women has to be integrated with project formulation.

0 Trainings on alternative livelihoods have to be provided to women.

0 Inheritance rights should consider gender equality.

0 Social justice should be provided for oppressed women members of rural societies.

Social protection measures have to be provided for vulnerable women of the rural societies.

0 Women's participation has to be encouraged in the developmental process to be integrated within the scope of project designing.

A stakeholders' consultation process has to be opted for all the stages of planning and implementation of the projects under consideration where women as a important stakeholder group should be consulted for finalizing strategies for their welfare. All the strategies related to gender development should be planned taking into consideration the feasibility of carrying out such actions related to water sector restructuring, achievability, specificity of actions and responsibility of prospective actors towards achieving targets. The implementation and monitoring mechanism should be designed to look into the benefit of women stakeholders. Basic responsibility of gender development actions for these water resources projects is vested with the Water Resource Department (WRD). This should be carried out in consultation and support from the concerned line Departments. The project authorities should constitute Social Cells with gender specialists within the Department for timely preparation and effective implementation of the gender action programs. Activities under gender action programme should necessarily have effective participation, cooperation and involvement of most of the basin level and project level officials to prepare and execute suitable action plans. I n case of any grievances regarding the gender action plan the project-affected women may approach the Social Cell that will be established at the head office level of the WRD.

M a d h y a Pradesh Water Sec tor Restructuring Project

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(3) RESETTLEMENT ISSUES The project has been designed only to carryout the rehabilitation of the projects identified through the Water Resources Department (WRD). The proposed interventions do not invite land acquisition and displacement for any of the activities leading to adverse impacts on the local people. However if new projects are taken up impacts could be:

0 Impact / Loss of immovable assets

0 Impact / Loss of livelihood systems/income opportunity (due to loss of productive land; due to impact to structure where livelihood activity is being carried out; etc.)

Impact / Loss of Community Property Resources (religious structures, grazing land, etc.)

Impact / Loss of Access (between settlements, to agriculture lands, to markets, etc.)

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The available Legal Instruments in the State of Madhya Pradesh are:

0 The Law of Resettlement of Project Displaced Persons in Madhya Pradesh (Madhya Pradesh Pariyajana Ke Karan Visthapit Vyakti (Punhsthapan) Adhiniyam), 1985

Manual for Resettlement and Rehabilitation 0

0 The MP State R& Policy, 2001

I n addition to this it is also important to examine the Operational Policy 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement of the World Bank and the Land Acquisition Act of India, 1894 that may not always have direct bearings to the situation but could prevent subsequent unmitigated situation. To compensate the affected population a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) has to be prepared on the following lines: 0

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Identification / location project intervention on a map

Identify land to be acquired on Khasra map

Identification of Project Affected Persons (PAPS)

Collection of the Khasra maps (revenue maps) and individual Khatauni's (revenue records)

Socio-economic impact assessment survey (baseline survey of the project affected persons/families)

Social Impact Assessment Report

Preparation of a Resettlement Action Plan - including framework based on the Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy of the State of MP and the OP 4.12 of the World Bank

Information sharing and dissemination among the various stakeholders.

M a d h y a Pradesh W a t e r S e c t o r Restructuring Project

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(4) DAM SAFETY A large number of irrigation projects to be rehabilitated through the project have dam structures. An unsafe dam constitutes a potential hazard to human life and property in the down stream reaches. Safety of dams is also important for safeguarding the huge investment and the benefits derived by the state from the project. Thus the project should adequately address the safety of dams and their appurtenant structures through regular monitoring to ensure public confidence in the sustained accrual of benefits. A Dam Safety Organization established in the Central Water Commission in June 1979 carried out detailed studies and issued guidelines for Safety Inspection of dams. The same is presently being followed by the state. field surveys revealed that some of the structures are in critical stages and need immediate attention. Thus the safety issue of dams has been prominently incorporated in the Screening Exercise for identification of projects needing immediate attention. The overall objective of the process is to ensure safety status of dams and allied works through comprehensive evaluation of the condition of the structures from various angles identification of deficiencies of the structures and design and specifications of remedial works. Some of the steps to be taken in this direction are briefly mentioned below.

General Assessment: Assessment of the general condition of dams and appurtenant works based on available data and identified distress situation. On the basis of this comprehensive assessment and identification of potential distress problems having a bearing on dam safety by visiting the dam and conducting field inspections.

Hydrological Review: Flood routing studies, Seasonal gate operation procedures and examining the existing surplusing arrangements.

Structural Review: Review of instruments and devices, critical structural elements of the dam, conducting stability analysis, etc.

Investigations and Designs: Carrying out necessary surveys, planning of remedial measures and proposing structural / non-structural operational procedures for safety of the dam.

M a d h y a P r a d e s h W a t e r S e c t o r Restructuring Project

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(5) PEST MANAGEMENT Presently the state is at a low threshold of agricultural development, largely ascribable to sub- optimal irrigation development and management. With operationalization of the Water Sector Restructuring Project, intensification of irrigation accompanied with crop intensification both in horizontal and vertical dimensions are likely. The incidence of insect pests and disease problems as well as other problem manifestations (weed pressure, nutrient disorder, etc.) are likely to intensify with increased agricultural intensification in terms of enhanced cropping intensity and crop diversification with inclusion of fruits, vegetables and other high-value plants, requiring more stringent solution framework. Even under the present sub-optional agricultural development scenario, the crop uptake of nutrients (macro, secondary and micro) far exceeds the amounts supplied through application of fertilizers, which is grossly inadequate and unbalanced. The results are multiple nutrient deficiencies in soils amounting to degradation of the productivity potential associated with nutritional disorder in crop plants consequent to lack of supply of depleted nutrients. The framework encompasses Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and Integrated Plant Nutrient Supply (IPNS) systems with the overarching purpose of developing the project areas as organic - based production model. The suggested measures should be implemented to increase farmers' knowledge and preference for IPM and IPNS. These include: 0

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Technical training courses for farmers organised at the village level and encouraging farmers to adopt these practices based on proper understanding of farmers, resources, knowledge, attitudes and perceptions with respect to IPM

Regular field demonstration activities by Extension agencies

Adequate information to Pesticide retailers at village level

Information dissemination through Mass Media such as TV and Vernacular News

Making quality bio-control agents/ bio-pesticides / bio-fertilizers and seeds of improved pest/disease resistant HWs available at village level through the involvement of local NGOs

Monitoring and forewarning to farmers of pest and disease situations.

Providing subsidies to farmers for adopting IPM & IPNM technologies

Allowing price premiums on agricultural produces based on IPM & IPNM technologies

Facilitating certification and marketing of IPM & IPNM based products.

Help create institutional arrangements for IPM enforcement.

Securing NGOs' involvement in persuading farmers to opt for adoption of IPM technology.


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(6) FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT The Action Plan for Development of Fisheries through the project includes Ways to increase Seed production in the state, Management of various water bodies, Safeguards for the fishermen community and Monitoring of the interventions and associated impacts. Fish seed production: According to the Fisheries Department, M.P. the requirement of Fish seed to stock all the water bodies of the State is 50.00 crores against a production of 35.00 crores. This gap can be reduced through creating and repairing circular hatcheries and rearing ponds in government and private sectors, raising quality brood and stunted common carp fingerlings. Better nursery management practices and using small ponds constructed under various schemes of the Govt for rearing fry to fingerlings stage. Water body specific plans Different action plans for various types of water body should be applied depending on the size and water retention period. Such water bodies are Small ponds, Perennial Ponds and Tanks, Irrigation Reservoirs of different sizes and Rivers. Measures include stocking of stunted fingerlings in small and non-perennial water bodies, use of bio-fertilizers as fish feed and managing over fishing in the state’s rivers. Mass awareness campaigns and training measures to popularize fisheries should be taken up through the project to enhance the project benefits. Safeguards for fishermen community: The fishermen in the State belong to the lowest strata of the society and consist of more than 20 sub castes. The fishing activity in the natural habitats like rivers is on the decline thus forcing them to search for alternate jobs. The biggest draw back with the community is the non- availability of finance. Even if they take the tanks on lease, they could not develop them for want of finance. For the genuine fishermen cooperative societies can be made. The State Fisheries Department provides loan and subsidy to the fishermen’s cooperative societies, which in most cases is not enough. NGOs will be motivated to take up the cause of these people and minimize the many vices that plague this community. Monitoring indicators: Monitoring of the fisheries project can be under taken based on the following indicators: -

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Data on leasing of ponds from District Fisheries Office & Fish Farmers Development Agencies

Data from Govt. fish seed farms, private nurseries and Hatchery operators on seed sale

Data from fish seed suppliers who bring seed from out side the district

Data on private seed producers, operators from the local fish market

Fish production details from the fish commission agents in the fish markets.

Socio-economic status of fisher community through visits to their locality

Details on fish seed production and fish production of the district, population of active fishermen, seed produced, stocked and exported from the District Fisheries Office

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M a d h y a Pradesh W a t e r S e c t o r Restructuring Project

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