Methods in Enzymology

Volume 276

MacromolecularCrystallography

Part A

EDITED BY

Charles W. Carter, Jr.DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL

CHAPEL HILL, NORTH CAROLINA

Robert M. SweetBIOLOGY DEPARTMEN T

BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATOR Y

UPTON, NEW YORK

CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 276 . . .

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PREFACE ,

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VOLUMES IN SERIES7[vii

Section I. Introduction

1. Recent Transformations in Structural Biology

BRIAN W . MATTHEWS

3

Section II . Crystals

2. Overview of Protein Crystallization Methods

PATRICIA C. WEBER

1 3

3 . Inferences Drawn from Physicochemical Studies of MADELEINE RIES-KAUTF AN DCrystallogenesis and Precrystalline State

ARNAUD DUCRUIX

2 3

4. Membrane Protein Crystallization : Application of LANGZHOU SONG AN DSparse Matrices to the a-Hemolysin Heptamer J . ERIC GOUAUx

6 0

5 . Response Surface Methods for Optimizing and Im- CHARLES W. CARTER, JR.

74proving Reproducibility of Crystal Growth

6. Second Virial Coefficient as Predictor in Protein A . GEORGE,Crystal Growth

Y . CHIANG ,B . Guo,A . ARABSHAHI ,Z. CAI, AN DW . WILLIAM WILSON

10 0

7 . Kinetic Aspects of Macromolecular Crystallization JOSEPH R . Luvr ANDGEORGE T . DETITTA

11 0

8 . Using Cosolvents to Stabilize Protein Conformation Rut SOUSA

13 1for Crystallization

9 . Preparation and Crystallization of RNA : A Sparse CRAIG E . KUNDROT

143Matrix Approach

10 . Dynamic Light Scattering in Evaluating Crystalliza- ADRIAN R . FERRE-D'AMAREbility of Macromolecules

AN DSTEPHEN K . BURLEY

157

11. Two-Dimensional Protein Crystals in Aid of Three- ALED M . EDWARDS ,

Dimensional Protein Crystal Growth

SETH A . DARST ,SALLY A. HEMMING ,

FRANCISCO J. ASTURIAS ,PETER R . DAVID, ANDRooER D . KORNIERG

16 6

12 . Reductive Alkylation of Lysine Residues to Alter IVAN RAYMENT

17 1Crystallization Properties of Protein s

Section III . Data

A. Apparatus and Sources

13. Practical Cryocrystallography

DAVID W . RODGERS

183

14 . Overview of Synchrotron Radiation and Macromo- JOHN R. HELLIWELL

203lecular Crystallograph y

15. Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography

Z . RICHARD KORSZUN

21 8

B. Detectors

16. X-Ray Storage-Phosphor Imaging-Plate Detectors : YOSHIYUKI AMEMIYA

23 3High-Sensitivity X-Ray Area Detector

17. Charge-Coupled Device-Based Area Detectors

EDWIN M . WESTBROOK AN D

ISTVAN NADAY

24 4

18. Gas Proportional Detectors

RICHARD KAHN AN D

ROGER FOURME

26 8

C. Data Collection Software

19 . Diffraction-Data Processing for Electronic Detec- JAMES W. PFLUGRATH

28 6tors : Theory and Practic e

20 . Processing of X-Ray Diffraction Data Collected in ZBYSZEK OTwINOwsKI AN D

Oscillation Mode

WLADEK MINOR

30 7

21. Data Collection Strategy

Z . DAUTER

326

22. Detecting and Overcoming Crystal Twinning

TODD O . YEATES

344

Section IV. Phases

A. Basic Concepts

23 . Bayesian Statistical Viewpoint on Structure Deter- GERARD BRICOGNE

36 1mination : Basic Concepts and Example s

r 24 . Efficient Sampling Methods for Combinations of GERARD BRICOGNE

424Signs, Phases, Hyperphases, and Molecular Ori-

entations

25. Overview of Isomorphous Replacement Phasing HENGMING KE

44 8

26. Screening for Heavy-Atom Derivatives and Ob- MARK A . RouLD

46 1taining Accurate Isomorphous Difference s

27 . Maximum-Likelihood Heavy-Atom Parameter Re- ERIC DE LA FORTELLE ANDfinement for Multiple Isomorphous Replacement GERARD BRICOGNE

472and Multiwavelength Anomalous Diffractio nMethods

B. Multiwavelength Methods

28 . Phase Determination from Multiwavelength Anom- WAYNE A . HENDRICKSON ANDalous Diffraction Measurements

CRAIG M . OGATA

49 4

29 . Preparation of Selenomethionyl Proteins for SYLVIE DOUBLIE

52 3Phase Determination

30. Multiwavelength Anomalous Diffraction Phasing of THOMAS C . TERWILLIGER

530Macromolecular Structures : Analysis of MA DData as Single Isomorphous Replacement wit hAnomalous Scattering Data using th eMADMRG Program

31 . Treatment of Multiwavelength Anomalous Diffrac- V. RAMAKRISHNAN ANDtion Data as a Special Case of Multiple Isomor- VALERIE Blou

538phous Replacement

C. Molecular Replacement

32. Patterson Correlation Searches and Refinement

AxEL T. BRÜNGER

55 8

33 . AMoRe: An Automated Molecular Replacement JORGE NAVAZA ANDProgram Package

PEDRO SALUDJIAN

58 1

34 . Rotation Function Calculations with GLRF LIANG TONG AN DProgram

MICHAEL G . ROSSMANN

594

35. Phased Translation Function

GRAHAM A. BENTLEY

61 1

D . Horizon Methods

36 . Centrosymmetric Crystals of Biomolecules : The JEREMY M. BERG ANDRacemate Method

NICHOLAS W. GOFFENEY

61 9

37. Patterson Superposition and ab Initio Phasing

GEORGE M . SHELDRICK

62 8

38. Low-Resolution Phasing

A. D . PODJARNY AN DA. G. URZHUMTSEV

64 1

AUTHOR INDEX 65 9

SUBJECT INDEX 685