mackerle - finite element analysis of fastening and joining

8/18/2019 Mackerle - Finite Element Analysis of Fastening and Joining

1/19

Review

Finite element analysis of fastening and joining:A bibliography (1990–2002)

Jaroslav Mackerle*

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Linkö ping Institute of Technology, S-581 83 Linkö ping, Sweden

Received 30 January 2003; revised 28 February 2003; accepted 28 February 2003

Abstract

The paper gives a bibliographical review of finite element methods applied for the analysis of fastening and joining from the theoretical as

well as practical points of view. The bibliography at the end of the paper contains 726 references to papers and conference proceedings on the

subject that were published between 1990 and 2002. These are classified in the following categories: pin joints; thread connections; bolted

joints, screws, nuts; rivets; fittings; tubular joints; expansion joints; gaskets; and other types of fastening.

q 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Finite element; Bibliography; Fasteners; Joints

1. Introduction

The output of scientific papers in general is fast growing

and professionals are no longer able to be fully up-to-datewith all the relevant information. The increasing specializ-

ation in various engineering fields has resulted in the

proliferation of subject-oriented journals and conference

proceedings directed to specialist audiences. The research-

ers have more channels for communicating the results of

their research at their disposal, but on the other hand finding

the necessary information may be a time-consuming and

uneasy process. Another question is whether researchers/

scientists are willing to spend time looking for information.

It has been pointed out that in engineering, informal

knowledge channels are the most frequently used means

of obtaining information.In the last almost four decades the finite element method

(FEM) has become the prevalent technique used for

analyzing physical phenomena in the field of structural,

solid, and fluid mechanics as well as for the solution of field

problems.

Fastening and joining are defined as an act of bringing

together, connecting or uniting to becoming one or a unit.

There are many types of fasteners such as bolts and nuts,

adhesive bonds, welds, etc. This paper concentrates mainly

on mechanical fasteners. Mechanical fasteners are used in

assemblies for their strength, reusability and appearance.

Readers interested in welding are referred to Refs. [1,2] and

in bonding to Refs. [3,4].The bibliography is divided into the following parts and

concerns:

† Pin joints;

† Thread connections;

† Bolted joints, screws, nuts;

† Rivets;

† Fittings;

† Tubular joints;

† Expansion joints;

† Gaskets;

†

Other types of fastening

The bibliography is organized into two main parts. In the

first, each topic is handled and current trends in modelling

techniques are mentioned, usually as the keywords. The

second part, Appendix A, contains a list of papers published

in the open literature in the period of 1990–2002 on subjects

listed above. References have been retrieved from the

author’s database, MAKEBASE. Also the INSPEC and

COMPENDEX databases have been checked. Hopefully,

this bibliography will save time for readers looking for

information on finite element analyses of mechanical

fastening and joining. Readers interested in the finite

0308-0161/03/$ - see front matter q 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

doi:10.1016/S0308-0161(03)00030-9

International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 80 (2003) 253–271

www.elsevier.com/locate/ijpvp

* Tel.: þ46-13-281111; fax: þ46-13-282717.

E-mail address: [email protected] (J. Mackerle).

http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ijpvphttp://www.elsevier.com/locate/ijpvp


2/19

element literature in general are referred to the author’s

Internet Finite Element Books Bibliography (http://www.

solid.ikp.liu.se/fe/index.html) where approximately 500

book titles are listed and completed with bibliographical

data and abstracts. Other author’s bibliographies in

connection with the analysis of pressure vessels and piping,

where FEMs are applied, can be found in Refs. [5–7].

2. Finite element analysis of fastening and joining

2.1. Pin joints

Pin joints represent either 3D double shear or 2D single

shear joints that are applied in many engineering structures

from the skeletal frameworks to the outer skin of aircraft,

automobiles, buildings, pressure vessels, etc. The stresses

and slips in the vicinity of contact regions determine the

static strength, plasticity, frictional damping and vibration

levels, and affect the structural performance as, for example,

the fatigue life, earthquake resistance [8]. The FEM makes it

possible to analyse/simulate the more realistic pin connec-

tions, not only a single pinned joint as is possible by using

analytical, closed-form methods. The effect of various

parameters (dimension, geometry, material, friction) on the

contact area, contact pressure and tangential stress distri-

bution can also be studied.

The use of composite materials to strengthen engineering

structures has received considerable attention in recent

years. Mechanical joining is easier and more economical

than, for example, adhesive bonding but it is necessary to

drill holes resulting in large stress concentrations. Somepapers listed in Appendix A deal with stress and failure

predictions in mechanically fastened joints in composite

laminates. Applied finite element models can take into

account the contact interface, large deformations, nonlinear

shear stress–strain, progressive damage and other factors. A

review of analytical and numerical methods applied in

mechanically fastened joints in fiber reinforced plastics is in

Ref. [9].

Topics included . 2D and 3D static and dynamic analysis

of single- and multi-pin joints; deformation, stress and

failure analysis; thermomechanical analysis; buckling

analysis; strength analysis; determination of load distri-

bution; effects of material nonlinearity; effect of tempera-

ture; effect of interface fits; thickness effects; contact

problems; fretting and wear; fracture mechanics problems;

progressive failure analysis; fatigue crack growth.

2.2. Thread connections

Threaded components are the most important structural

elements influencing significantly the strength and endur-

ance of the whole structural assembly. Threaded connec-

tions are used for their ability to develop a clamping force

and for the disassembly possibility that is important for

maintenance. When a dynamic load is applied as is the case

in many assemblies, failure may occur due to fatigue and

vibration induced loosening. These failures can be avoided

by proper joint design where the finite element studies can

be helpful. A review of the load and stress distributions in

the threads of fasteners can be found in Ref. [10].

Topics and types of threaded connections. 2D and 3Danalysis of threaded connections; dynamic behavior of

threaded connections; thermomechanical analysis; stress

concentration at threaded roots; complex stress distribution

in threads; load distribution between threads; axial and

bending stress concentration factors; fracture mechanics

problems; strength analysis; fatigue analysis and life

estimation; stress intensity factor for threaded joints;

residual stresses in threaded connections; effect of cracks

on load distribution; effect of taper variation; helical effect

on threads; threaded fasteners; geometrically exact threads;

conical threaded connections; buttress threads; drillstring

threaded joints; threaded end closures; threaded pressure

vessels; threaded pipes.

2.3. Bolted joints, screws, nuts

The FEM can study bolted joints with finite sliding

deformable contact where the helical and frictional effects

on the load distribution of each thread are included. The

studies of bolted connections are rather complicated

because the model should be 3D (2D solutions give stiffer

and stronger results) and take into account many factors

such as material and geometrical nonlinearities, contact,

friction, slippage, bolt-plate interaction and fracture. The

quality of computed results also depends on the elementtype used, discretization, constitutive equations, step size,

kinematic description, etc. Finite element modelling has

been extended to study the structural behavior of cold-

formed steel bolted connections. The advantages of using

cold-formed steel are derived from their long-term dura-

bility and high yield strength.

Composite materials with bolted joints have also been

extensively used in various assemblies in recent years

(electronic packaging, aircraft industry, automotive indus-

try, etc.). The local contact between the bolt and composite

material may induce high stress concentration and break the

material. The stress distribution near the region around

the bolt joint where the interaction between the bolt and the

loaded hole is taken into account, can be determined by

finite element analyses.

Topics and types of connections. 2D and 3D static and

dynamic stress and deformation analysis of bolted joints;

thermomechanical analysis; heat transfer across bolted

joints; effect of thermal loading; thermal contact resistance;

assembly stress and deflection; deformation in screw thread;

mechanical properties of bolted connections; time-depen-

dent behavior of bolted joints; effect of bolt threads on the

joint stiffness; computation of member stiffness; tensile

behavior of bolted joints; bolted joints subjected to high

J. Mackerle / International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 80 (2003) 253–271254

http://www.solid.ikp.liu.se/fe/index.htmlhttp://www.solid.ikp.liu.se/fe/index.htmlhttp://www.solid.ikp.liu.se/fe/index.htmlhttp://www.solid.ikp.liu.se/fe/index.html


3/19

eccentric loads; load distribution studies; load distribution

in bolt-nut connector; centrically loaded bolt joints; load

distribution in screws; determination of bolt forces;

environmental effects; fracture mechanics problems; ulti-

mate limit load calculation; strength analysis; stress

intensity factor; mixed-mode fracture; contact problems;

thermoelastic contact problems; constraining effect of bolted joints; fatigue analysis; damage; progressive damage

modelling; lifetime prediction; deformation and fracture of

nuts; separation problems of bolted connection; bending of a

screw plate; prying and shear in end-plate connection; axial

loads due to screw fastening; relaxation in bolted connec-

tion; tightening process of bolted joints; bolted joints with

various clamping configurations; bolted joints with ten-

sioner; prestressed bolted connections; prestressed screw

joints; pretension in bolted connections; leakage of bolted

flanged joints; nut-bolt connections; axisymmetric bolt

joints; end-plate connections; isolated and extended bolted

end-plate connections; semi-rigid bolted end-plate connec-

tions; semi-rigid bolted beam connections; bolted flanged

connections; rectangular bolted flanged connections;

flanged connections for high temperature applications;

bolted joints at cryogenic temperature; bolted beam to

column joints; cold formed bolts; cheese-head bolts;

countersunk bolts; U-bolts; self-threading bolts; rockbolts;

bolted brackets; swaged bolts; railroad bolts; anchor bolts;

cable bolt support system; bolt-nut-washer-compressed

sheet joints; hollow type bolted joints; stud bolt fastening;

multiple-row bolted connection; multiple-bolted joints;

bonded/bolted joints; single lap screw connection; ball-

screw joints; bolted connections in wood; bolted connec-

tions in composites; combining adhesive with bolts.

2.4. Rivets

Topics of this section. 2D and 3D static and dynamic

riveted joint modelling and analysis; fracture mechanics

problems; joint failure; strength evaluation; fatigue life

prediction; stress intensity factor; crack nucleation; fretting

problems; energy absorption; skin-rivet contact prediction;

effect of interference and clamping on fretting; residual

stresses; riveted joint design; laminates connected by rivets;

riveted single lap joints; adhesively bonded joints with

rivets; riveted airframes.

2.5. Fittings

Topics and type of fittings. 2D and 3D mechanical and

thermomechanical analysis of fit joining; stress and deflec-

tion analysis; thermally loaded fits; fracture mechanics

problems; contact problems; creep at the interface; stress

intensity factor; fatigue evaluation; residual stresses; press

fits; clearance-fit joining; interference fits; shrink-fits; end

fittings; crimped end fittings; ball snap-fits; cantilever snap-

fits; L- and U-shaped snap-fits; bayonet-finger snap-fits;

elbow and tee fittings; pipe fittings; plumbing fittings; fitted

cylindrical liners.

2.6. Tubular joints

Some structures, i.e. offshore structures, consist of a largenumber of tubular members connected to one another by

special joints. Tubular members are jointed together at their

intersections in a variety of geometrical forms. These joints

represent structural discontinuities that give rise to stress

concentrations. Parametric finite element studies can

generate a database of stress concentrations and degree of

bending for various geometries of tubular joints.

The combination of high stress concentration with

dynamic loads makes fatigue damage almost unavoidable.

Due to high stress concentrations, plastic deformation can

occur at the intersection before the ultimate failure of the

joint. The elastoplastic finite element analyses can estimatethe static and fatigue strengths of tubular joints. In

computations various conditions such as combined modes

of loading, size effects, materials, environmental factors,

etc. can be included to get a more realistic stress behavior of

an entire tubular joint. A review of fracture mechanics

models for tubular joints is in Ref. [11] and various methods

for determining stress intensity factors for these joints are

discussed in Refs. [12,13].

Topics and types of tubular joints. 2D and 3D linear and

nonlinear stress and deflection analysis; static and dynamic

studies; stress concentration factors; force-displacement

characteristics; joint flexibility; hot spot stresses; influence

of loading on the joint performance; fracture mechanics

problems; strength and failure analysis; ultimate strength

analysis; stress intensity factors; cracked tubular joints;

damage; fatigue; multiaxial fatigue; residual stresses; NDT

detection of cracks; effect of imperfection on the strength;

stiffened and unstiffened tubular joints; multiplanar tubular

joints; square-to-round tubular joints; square-to-square

tubular joints; tubular joints with brackets; tubular lap

joints; overlapped tubular joints; plate-reinforced tubular

joints; circular flange joints; grouted tubular joints;

composite-to-metal tubular joints; tubular stub-columns;

K-, L-, T-, X-, Y-, ST-, KK-, DT-, DX, XX-, XT and YT-

tubular joints.

2.7. Expansion joints

Topics and types of expansion joints. 2D and 3D static

and dynamic analysis of expansion joints; creep, shrinkage

and temperature effects; fracture mechanics problems;

residual stresses; fatigue analysis; expanded tube-to-tube-

sheet joints; modular expansion joints; bellows-type expan-

sion joints; expansion joints for seismic protection;

expansion joints in piping systems.

J. Mackerle / International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 80 (2003) 253–271 255


4/19

2.8. Gaskets

Topics and type of gaskets. stress analysis and sealing

performance of gaskets in bolted flanged connections;

contact problems; creep relaxation; determination of stress

levels during thermal transients; local bifurcation problems;

support testing; sheet gaskets; spiral wound gaskets; layeredgaskets; cylinder block gaskets; taper-seal gaskets; plug,

claw and gasketed closures.

2.9. Other types of fastening

Topics of this section. 2D and 3D, linear and nonlinear

analysis in and around fasteners in general; load distri-

bution; creep relaxation; residual stresses; contact problems;

fracture mechanics problems; failure strength prediction;

progressive damage modelling; cracking near fastener

holes; effects of fastener hole defects; cold-worked fastener

holes; fatigue life prediction; stress intensity factor;structural fasteners for bracing connectors; multiple fasten-

ers; mechanically fastened joints in composites; fastening

elements in concrete; mechanically fastened lap joints; track

fastening; fastening in automotive engineering; smart

structural fasteners.

Acknowledgements

The bibliography presented in Appendix A is by no

means complete but it gives a comprehensive representation

of different finite element techniques applied to the analysisof fastening and joining. The author wishes to apologize for

the unintentional exclusions of missing references and

would appreciate receiving comments and pointers to other

relevant literature for a future update.

Appendix A. A bibliography (1990–2002)

This bibliography provides a list of literature references

on finite element analyses of fastening and joining, theory

and applications. The listing presented contains papers

published in scientific journals, conference proceedings, and

theses/dissertations retrospectively to 1990. References

have been retrieved from the author’s database, MAKE-

BASE. Entries are grouped into the same sections described

in the first part of this paper, and sorted alphabetically

according to the first author’s name. In some cases, if a

specific paper is relevant to several subject categories, the

same reference can be listed under the respective section

headings, but the interested reader is expected to consider

also areas adjacent to his/her central area of research

interest.

References

[1] Mackerle J. Finite element analysis and simulation of welding: a

bibliography (1976– 1996). Modell Simul Mater Sci Engng 1976;

4(5):501–33.

[2] Mackerle J. Finite element analysis and simulation of welding—an

addendum: a bibliography (1996–2001). Modell Simul Mater Sci

Engng 2002;10(3):295–318.[3] Mackerle J. Finite element analysis and simulation of adhesive

bonding, soldering and brazing: a bibliography (1976–1996). Modell

Simul Mater Sci Engng 1997;5(2):159–85.

[4] Mackerle J. Finite element analysis and simulation of adhesive

bonding, soldering and brazing- an addendum: a bibliography (1996–

2002). Modell Simul Mater Sci Engng 1996;10(6):637–71.

[5] Mackerle J. Finite elements in the analysis of pressure vessels and

piping: a bibliography (1976–1996). Int J Pressure Vessels Piping

1976;69:279–339.


piping: an addendum (1996–1998). Int J Pressure Vessels Piping

1999;76(7):461–85.


piping: an addendum. a bibliography (1998–2001). Int J Pressure

Vessels Piping 2002;79(1):1–26.[8] Iyer K. Solutions for contact in pinned connections. Int J Solids Struct

2001;38(50):9133–48.

[9] Camanho PP, Matthews FL. Stress analysis and strength prediction of

mechanically fastened joints in FRP: a review. Composites A 1997;

28(6):529–47.

[10] Kenny B, Petterson EA. The distribution of load and stress in the

threads of fasteners: a review. J Mech Behav Mater 1989;2(1/2):

87–105.

[11] Haswell J, Hopkins P. Review of fracture mechanics models of tubular

joints. Fatigue Fract Engng Mater Struct 1991;14(5):483– 97.

[12] Haswell JV. A fracture mechanics methodology for the assessment of

fatigue cracks in tubular joints. PhD Thesis. Teeside Polytechnic, UK;

1991

[13] Bowness D. Fracture mechanics based assessment of fatigue cracks in

offshore tubular structures. PhD Thesis. University of Wales,Swansea; 1996

Further Reading

Pin joints

1. Abd-El-Naby SFM, et al. Load distribution in two-pinned polymer

composite joints. In: Marshall IH, et al., editors. Composite Struct, vol.

6. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1991. p. 553–74.

2. Chen WH, Lee YJ. Effect of temperature on the contact stresses and

residual bearing strength of pin-loaded composite laminates. J Therm

Stress 1992;15(3):419–37.3. Choo YS, et al. Effects of eyebar shape and pin-hole tolerance on its

ultimate strength. J Constr Steel Res 1993;26(2/3):153–69.

4. Chung JS. 3-D responses of vertical pipe bottom pin-joined to a

horizontal pipe to ship motion and thrust on pipe. Part II. Comparison of

MSE and FEM results. 10th Int Offshore Polar Engng Conf Seattle 2000;

2:1–7.

5. Chung JS, Cheng B. 3-D response of vertical pipe bottom pin-joined

to a horizontal pipe to ship motion and thrust on pipe. Part I. MSE

and FEM modeling. 9th Int Offshore Polar Engng Conf ISOPE 1999;

2:265–71.

6. Dano ML, et al. Stress and failure analysis of mechanically fastened

joints in composite laminates. Compos Struct 2000;50(3):287– 96.

7. Di Scalea FL. Strain in isotropic pin-joints: experimental and numerical

analysis. Exp Technol 1998;22(5):25–7.



5/19

8. Di Scalea FL, et al. Study on the effects of clearance and interference

fits in a pin-loaded cross-ply FGRP laminate. J Compos Mater 1998;

32(8):783–802.

9. Di Scalea FL, et al. Effect of interface fits in composite pin-joints.

J Thermoplast Compos Mater 1999;12(1):23–32.

10. Di Scalea FL, et al. Elastic behavior of a cross-ply composite pin-joint

with clearance fits. J Thermoplast Compos Mater 1999;12(1):13–22.

11. Ferney BD, Folkman SL. Force-state characterization of struts using

pinned joints. Shock Vib 1997;4(2):103–13.

12. Folkman SL. Measurement and modeling of joint damping in large

space structures. PhD Thesis. Utah State University; 1990

13. Grant RJ, Smart J. Crack growth in pin-loaded tubes. Part II.

Comparison of experimental data with numerical results. J. Strain

Anal Engng Des 1999;34(4):271–84.

14. Hassani F, et al. A fully non-linear 3-D constitutive relationship for the

stress analysis of a pin-loaded composite laminate. Compos Sci

Technol 2002;62(3):429–39.

15. Hitchcock GR, et al. Pin-hole and crack formation in a duplex stainless

steel downhole tool. Engng Failure Anal 2001;8(3):213–26.

16. Icten BM, Karakuzu R. Progressive failure analysis of pin-loaded

carbon-epoxy woven composite plates. Compos Sci Technol 2002;

62(9):1259–71.

17. Iyer K. Solutions for contact in pinned connections. Int J Solids Struct2001;38(50):9133–48.

18. Iyer K, et al. Analysis of fretting conditions in pinned connections.

Wear 1995;181– 183:524–30.

19. Kim SJ, Kim JH. Finite element analysis of laminated composite plates

with multi-pin joints considering friction. Comput Struct 1995;55(3):

507–14.

20. Kim SJ, et al. Finite element analysis of composite multi-pin joints

with frictional contact constraints. In: Kwak BM, et al., editors.

Composites Engineering PCC’93. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1993. p.

15–20.

21. Lessard LB, Shokrieh HM. Pinned joint failure mechanisms. Part

I. Two dimensional modeling, First Canadian International Composite

Conference Exhibition, CANCOM, Montreal; 1991. p. 15D1–15

22. Lessard LB, Shokrieh MM. Two-dimensional modeling of composite

pinned-joint failure. J Compos Mater 1995;29(5):671–97.23. Lessard LB, et al. Analysis of stress singularities in laminated

composite pinned/bolted joints. 38th Int SAMPE Symp Exhib 1993;

38(1):53–60.

24. Liu D, et al. Thickness effects on pinned joints for composites.

J Compos Mater 1999;33(1):2–21.

25. Liu FL, Li Q. On the prediction of mechanical joining strength of

laminated composite plates. In: Marshall IH, editor. Composite

structures, vol. 6. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1991. p. 541–52.

26. Lopez AE, Orrison GK. Critical buckling loads of triangulated dome

structures with pinned connections. Numer Meth Struct Mech, vol.

AMD 204. New York: ASME; 1995. p. 61– 8.

27. Murthy AV, et al. An improved iterative finite element solution for pin

joints. Comput Struct 1990;36(6):1121– 8.

28. Murthy AV, et al. Stress and strength analysis of pin joints in laminated

anisotropic plates. Compos Struct 1991;19(4):299–312.29. Narayana KB, et al. Fatigue crack growth predictions in pin-loaded lug

attachments. Fatigue Fract. Steel Concrete Str. ISFF91, Madras 1991;

193–200.

30. Narayana KB, et al. Cracks emanating from pin-loaded lugs. Engng

Fract Mech 1994;47(1):29–38.

31. Ohashi H, et al. Contact problems and stress distribution of a pin-

connection detail. Struct Engng/Earthquake Engng 1997;14(2):161–73.

32. Okutan B, Karakuzu R. The failure strength for pin-loaded multi-

directional fiber-glass reinforced epoxy laminate. J Compos Mater

2002;36(24):2695–712.

33. Persson E, et al. Delamination initiation of laminates with pin-loaded

holes. Theor Appl Fract Mech 1998;30(2):87–101.

34. Pierron F, et al. A numerical and experimental study of woven

composite pin-joints. J Compos Mater 2000;34(12):1028– 54.

35. Prakash RV, et al. Analysis of fatigue crack growth in pin-loaded lug

joints under inelastic deformations. 27th Int Symp Fatigue Fract Mech,

vol. 1296. Philadelphia: ASTM; 1997. p. 598–612.

36. Ramamurthy TS. Analysis of interference fit pin joints subjected to

bearing bypass loads. AIAA J 1990;28(10):1800–5.

37. Serabian SM. An experimental and finite element investigation into the

nonlinear material behavior of pin-loaded composite laminates. PhD

Thesis. University of Lowell; 1990

38. Serabian SM, Anastasi RF. Out-of-plane deflections of metallic and

composite pin-loaded coupons. Exp Mech 1991;31(1):25– 32.

39. Shin ES, Kim SJ. Finite element analysis of pin-loaded composite

laminates by connecting independently modeled subdomains. Compo-

sites Part B 2000;31(1):47–56.

40. Shokrieh MM, Lessard LB. Effectsof material nonlinearityon the three-

dimensional stress state of pin-loaded composite laminates. J Compos

Mater 1996;30(7):839–61.

41. Singh R, Ramamurthy TS. Thermomechanical generalization of pin

joints in finite plates. Comput Struct 1993;47(1):73–81.

42. Slagter WJ. Flexibility parameters for a monolithic plate with an

eccentrically loaded pin. Comput Struct 1991;40(4):1049–58.

43. Solodovnikov VN. Solution of the contact problem for a pin-loaded

plate. J Appl Mech Technol Phys 1997;38(1):109–15.

44. Stephen NG, Wang PJ. On Saint-Venant’s principle in pin-jointedframeworks. Int J Solids Struct 1996;33(1):79–97.

45. Tsai MY, Morton J. Stress and failure analysis of a pin-loaded

composite plate: an experimental study. J Compos Mater 1990;24(10):

1101–20.

46. Walker SP. Thermal effects on the bearing behavior of composite joints.

PhD Thesis. University of Virginia; 2001

47. Walker SP. Thermal effects on the pin-bearing behavior of IM7/PETIS

composite joints. J Compos Mater 2002;36(23):2623–52.

48. Wallace BT, et al. Effect of Z-pinning on buckling of delaminated

sandwich beams. 41st Struct Struct Dyn Mater Conf Exhib, Atlanta,

Washington, DC: AIAA; 2000. p. 539–44.

49. Winistodierfer A, Mottram JT. Finite element analysis of non-laminated

composite pin-loaded straps for civil engineering. J Compos Mater

2001;35(7):577–602.

50. Wu PS, Sun CT. Modeling bearing failure initiation in pin-contact of composite laminates. Mech Mater 1998;29(3/4):325–35.

51. Xiao Y, et al. The effective friction coefficient of a laminate composite,

and analysis of pin-loaded plates. J Compos Mater 2000;34(1):69–87.

52. Yan W, et al. Numerical study of sliding wear caused by a loaded pin on

a rotating disc. J Mech Phys Solids 2002;50(3):449–70.

53. Zhang C, et al. Edge effects in laminated composites with pin-loaded

holes. AIAA J 1998;36(10):1883–93.

54. Zhuang WZL, et al. Finite element analysis of local buckling of a

cracked and pin-loaded plate. In: Valliappan S, et al., editors. Comput

Mech: Conc. Comp. Rotterdam: Balkema; 1993. p. 293–8.

55. Zhuang WZL, et al. Local buckling of cracked and pin-loaded plates.

AIAA J 1996;34(10):2171–5.

56. Zuiker JR, Sanders BP. Analysis of pinned joints in viscoplastic

monolithic plates. Num Implem Appl Const Models FEM, vol. AMD

213. New York: ASME; 1995. p. 37–48.

Thread connections

57. Andrieux S, Leger A. Multiple scaling method for the calculation of

threaded assemblies. Comput Meth Appl Mech Engng 1993;102(3):

293–317.

58. Assanelli AP, Dvorkin EN. Finite element models of OCTG threaded

connections. Comput Struct 1993;47(4/5):725–34.

59. Assanelli AP, Dvorkin EN. Selection of an adequate finite element

formulation for modeling OCTG connections. Fourth World Cong

Comput Mech, Buenos Aires 1998;1166.

60. Assanelli AP, et al. Numerical-experimental analysis of an API 8-

round connection. J Energy Res Technol ASME 1997;119(2):81–8.



6/19

61. Bahai H. A parametric model for axial and bending stress

concentration factors in API drillstring threaded connectors. Int J

Pressure Vessels Piping 2001;78(7):495–505.

62. Bahai H, Esat II. A hybrid model for analysis of complex stress

distribution in threaded connectors. Comput Struct 1994;52(1):79–93.

63. Bahai H, et al. Numerical and experimental evaluation of SIF for

threaded connectors. Engng Fract Mech 1996;54(6):835–45.

64. Baragetti S. Effects of taper variation on conical threaded connections

load distribution. J Mech Des ASME 2002;124(2):320–9.

65. Barake N, Chaaban A. Effect of cracks on load distribution in threaded

end closures and fracture detection. Pressure Vessels Piping Con-

ference, vol. PVP 281. New York: ASME; 1994. p. 27– 33.

66. Beghini M, et al. Shrink stress density functions in conical threaded

connections as a function of dimensional tolerances. 11th International

Conference on Offshore Mechanical Arctic Engineering, Calgary, New

York: ASME; 1992. p. 383–90.

67. Brennan FP, Dover WD. Fatigue of threaded tension leg platform

tethers. Fourth Int Offshore Polar Engng Conf, ISOPE 1994;91–7.

68. Bruschelli L, Latorrata V. The influence of shell behavior on load

distribution for thin-walled conical joints. J Appl Mech ASME 2000;

67(2):298–306.

69. Brutti C, Salvini P. Dynamic behaviour of tubular threaded joints.

Second Int Offshore Polar Engng Conf, San Francisco 1992;306–11.70. Cernocky EP, et al. A standardized approach to finite element analysis

of casing-tubing connections to establish relative sealing performance.

Fourth World Cong Comput Mech, Buenos Aires 1998;1167.

71. Chaaban A, Chaarani A. A proposed K1 solution for long surface

cracks in complex geometries. J Pressure Vessels Technol, ASME

1991;113(1):28–33.

72. Chaaban A, Jutras M. Static analysis of buttress threads using the finite

element method. J Pressure Vessels Technol, ASME 1992;114(2):

209–12.

73. Chaaban A, Muzzo U. Finite element analysis of residual stresses in

threaded end closures. Pressure Vessels Piping Conference, vol. PVP

192. New York: ASME; 1990. p. 23– 7.

74. Chaaban A, Muzzo U. Finite element analysis of residual stresses in

threaded end closures. J Pressure Vessels Technol, ASME 1991;

113(3):398–401.75. Chaaban A, Muzzo U. On the design of threaded-end closures for high

pressure vessels. Pressure Vessels Piping Conference, Denver, vol.

PVP 263. New York: ASME; 1990. p. 59 –65.

76. Chen JJ, Shih YS. A study of the helical effect on the thread connection

by three dimensional finite element analysis. Nucl Engng Des 1999;

191(2):109–16.

77. Coppola T, et al. Simulation of complex mechanical and thermal

loading conditions on OCTG premium connections by means of finite

element modelling. Fourth World Cong Comput Mech, Buenos Aires

1998;1168.

78. Ekinaga N. Stress analysis of nipple in the joint of artificial graphite

electrodes. J Ceram Soc Jpn 1992;100(1162):803–7.

79. Ekinaga N. Influences of length of nipple on effective strength of

socket at the joint of artificial graphite electrodes. J Ceram Soc Jpn

1993;101(119):1244–8.80. Englund RB, Johnson DH. Finite element analysis of a threaded

connection compared to experimental and theoretical research. J Engng

Technol 1997;14(2):42–7.

81. Folias ES, Perry LJ. Failure of a threaded pressurized vessel. Int J

Pressure Vessels Piping 1999;76(10):685–92.

82. Fujii K, et al. Finite element analysis of threaded end of pressure

cylinder. Trans Jpn Soc Mech Engng Ser, C 1997;63(610):

2105–10.

83. Fukuoka T. Evaluation of the method for lowering stress concentration

at the thread root with modifications of nut shape. Trans Jpn Soc Mech

Engng Ser, A 1994;60(580):2782–8.

84. Grewal AS, Sabbaghian M. Load distribution between threads in

threaded connections. Third Joint Conf. Eng. Syst. Des. Anal, vol. PD

78. New York: ASME; 1996. p. 199–206.

85. Grewal AS, Sabbaghian M. Load distribution between threads in

threaded connections. J Pressure Vessels Technol, ASME 1997;

119(1):91–5.

86. Hilbert LB, Kalil IA. Evaluation of premium threaded connections

using finite element analysis and full-scale testing. Drilling Con-

ference, New Orleans; 1992. p. 563–80

87. Hommel M. Fatigue analysis of 5-1/2FH threaded connection. 1998

ASME Int Mech. Eng. Cong. Expo, vol. PVP 381. New York: ASME;

1998. p. 103–11.

88. Hukari RJ. Thread lap behavior determination using finite element

analysis and fracture mechanics techniques. ASTM Special Publi-

cation No. 1391; 2000. p. 120– 32

89. Ishikawa K, et al. Strength of threaded connection for lifting pipes.

Third Int Offshore Polar Engng Conf, Singapore 1993;315–20.

90. Khair KR, Singh PN. Non-linear stress analysis of threaded

connection with high strength ratio materials. 10th Int Conf Nucl

Engng, ICONE 10, Arlington, New York: ASME; 2002. p. 779–87.

91. Kumar R. Fatigue Life estimation for internal threads in Class 1

components. J Pressure Vessels Technol, ASME 1998;120(1):81–5.

92. Kwon YW,et al.Efficient andaccuratemodelfor thestructural analysis

of threaded tubular connections. SPE Prod Engng 1990;5(3):1–4.

93. Macdonald KA, Deans WF. Stress analysis of drillstring threaded

connections using the finite element method. Engng Failure Anal1995;2(1):1–30.

94. Martin JA. Fundamental finite element evaluation of a three

dimensional rolled thread form: modelling and experimental results.

ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess Piping Conf, vol. PVP 373. New York:

ASME; 1998. p. 457–67.

95. Oster DM, Mills WJ. Stress intensity factor solutions for cracks in

threaded fasteners. ASTMSpecial Publication No. 1391; 2000. p. 85–

101

96. Pai NG, Hess DP. Three-dimensional finite element analysis of

threaded fastener loosening due to dynamic shear load. Engng Failure

Anal 2002;9(4):383–402.

97. Rhee HC. Three-dimensional finite element analysis of threaded

joints. 9th Int Offshore Arctic Engng Symp, Houston, New York:

ASME; 1990. p. 293–97.

98. Stevens KK, et al. Photoelastic analysis of a high-pressure vessel withthreaded closure. Part II. Hybrid application. SEM Spring Conf Exp

Mech, Albuquerque 1990;129–34.

99. Tafreshi A. SIF evaluation and stress analysis of drillstring threaded

joints. Int J Pressure Vessels Piping 1999;76(2):91– 103.

100. Tafreshi A, Dover WD. Stress analysis of drillstring threaded

connections using the finite element method. Int J Fatigue 1993;

15(5):429–38.

101. Toribio J. Fatigue and fracture of threaded connections. In: Carpinteri

A, editor. Fatigue Cracks Prop Metal Struct. Amsterdam: Elsevier;

1994. p. 1415– 52.

102. Tsang SK. Evaluation of Kowalski’s method of calculating stresses at

internal thread reliefs. AIAA J 1993;31(12):2358–60.

103. Wang W. Determination of the load distribution in a threaded

connector. PhD Thesis. The University of Texas, Austin; 1991

104. Wang W, Marshek KM. Determination of the load distribution in athreaded connector having dissimilar materials and varying thread

stiffness. J Engng Ind ASME 1995;117(1):1–8.

105. Weiss H. An exact energy and momentum conserving integration

scheme for the nonlinear dynamics of geometrically exact threads.

ZAMM 1998;78(S2):805–6.

106. Yamamoto KI et al. Stress analysis of premium threaded connection

FOX by finite element method. Kawasaki Steel Technical Report No.

22; 1990. p. 41–7

107. Yoxall A, et al. A numerical simulation of the roll-on-pilfer-proof

(ROPP) process on a GF305 thread. Glass Technol 2002;43(3):

116–9.

108. Zadoks RI, Kokatam DPR. Three-dimensional finite element model

of a threaded connection. Comput Model Simul Engng 1999;4(4):

274–81.



7/19

109. Zhao H. A numerical method for load distribution in threaded

connections. J Mech Des ASME 1996;118(2):274–9.

Bolted joints, screws, nuts

110. Abdelfattah FA. Study of hybrid flush endplate connections (bolted/

welded) subjected to shear load and bending moment. PhD Thesis.

University of Manchester, UK; 1990111. AdachiK,et al.Elasticcontactproblemofthe piezoelectricmaterialinthe

structure of a bolt-clamped langevin-type transducer. J Acoust Soc Am

1999;105(3):1651–6.

112. Adany S. Numerical and experimental analysis of bolted end-plate

joints under monotonic and cyclic loading. PhD Thesis. Budapest

University of Tech Econom, Hungary; 2000

113. Adany S, Dunai L. Cyclic analysis of steel bolted components. J Constr

Steel Res 1998;46(1/3):420– 1.

114. Al-Jefri AM, Abd El Latif AK. Characteristics of bolted joint under

elastic loading conditions. Third Joint Conf Engng Syst Des Anal, vol.

PD 80. New York: ASME; 1996. p. 173–85.

115. Amabili M, et al. Analysis of vibrating circular plates having non-

uniform constraints using the modal properties of free-edge plates:

application to bolted plates. J Sound Vib 1997;206(1):23– 38.

116. Ando F, et al. Assessing leakage of bolted flanged joints under internal

pressure and external bending moment. ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess

Piping Conf, vol. PVP 376. New York: ASME; 1998. p. 39–44.

117. Andreasson N, et al. Tensile behavior of bolted joints in low

temperature cure CFRP woven laminates. Adv Compos Lett 1997;

6(6):143–8.

118. Andreasson N, et al. Experimental and numerical failure analysis of

bolted joints in CFRP woven laminates. Aeronaut J 1998;102(1018):

445–50.

119. Aoyagi M, et al. Experimental characteristics of a bolt-clamped short-

cylindrical torsional vibrator using shear mode piezoceramics inserted

in the axial direction. Jpn J Appl Phys 1997;36(5):3126–9.

120. Aydan O, Kawamoto T. A comparative numerical study on the

reinforcement effects of rockbolts and shotcrete support systems. In:

Beer G, et al., editors. Comp. Meth. Adv. Geomech. Rotterdam:

Balkema; 1991. p. 1443–8.

121. Bahaari MR, Sherbourne AN. Computer modelling of an extended end-

plate bolted connection. Comput Struct 1994;52(5):879–93.

122. Bahaari MR, Sherbourne AN. Modelling of extended endplate bolted

connections. Proc Struct Cong’94, Atlanta, New York: ASCE; 1994. p.

731–6.

123. Bahaari MR, Sherbourne AN. Structural behavior of end-plate bolted

connections to stiffened columns. J Struct Engng ASCE 1996;122(8):

926–35.

124. Bahaari MR, Sherbourne AN. 3D simulation of bolted connections to

unstiffened columns. Part II. Extended endplate connections. J Constr

Steel Res 1996;40(3):189–223.

125. Bahaari MR, Sherbourne AN. Finite element prediction of end plate

bolted connection behavior. Part 2. Analytic formulation. J Struct

Engng ASCE 1997;123(2):165–75.126. Bahaari MR, Sherbourne AN. Behavior of eight-bolt large capacity

endplate connections. Comput Struct 2000;77(3):315–25.

127. Bakhiet EM, Guillot JF. Analytical model of bolted joints subjected to

high eccentric loadings. Design: Anal Synth Appl, vol. PD 64. New

York: ASME; 1994. p. 117–29.

128. Bakhiet EM, Guillot JF. Analytical model of bolted joints subjected to

high eccentric loadings. Struct. Dyn. Vib., vol. PD 64. New York:

ASME; 1994. p. 301–13.

129. Baniotopoulos CC, Abdalla KM. Sensitivity analysis results on the

separation problem of bolted steel column-to-column connections.

Int J Solids Struct 1995;32(2):251–65.

130. Baniotopoulos CC, et al. A variational inequality and quadratic

programming approach to the separation problem of steel bolted

brackets. Comput Struct 1994;53(4):983–91.

131. Baraf L. Calculation of prestressed bolted connections with compressed

rings of different diameter. Konstruktion 1994;46(1):24–8.

132. Baraf L, Bercea NL. Determining the position of the horizontal plane of

the operating force in pre-stressed bolted connections. Konstruktion

1996;48(4):54–8.

133. Barth KE, et al. Behavior of steel tensionmembers subjected to uniaxial

loading. J Constr Steel Res 2002;58(5/8):1103– 20.

134. Benchekchou B, White RG. Stresses around fasteners in composite

structures in flexure and effects on fatigue damage initiation. Part 1.

Cheese-head bolts. Compos Struct 1995;33(2):95–108.

135. Benchekchou B, White RG. Stresses around fasteners in composite

structures in flexure and effects on fatigue damage initiation. Part 2.

Countersunk bolts. Compos Struct 1995;33(2):109–19.

136. Bitner JL, Rutherford DW. Stability of pipe supports utilizing U-bolts.

1994 Press Vess Piping Conf, vol. PVP 282. New York: ASME; 1994.

p. 23–34.

137. Blach AE, Lihua X. Rectangular bolted flanged connections finite

element analysis and test results. Press Vess Conf Nashville, vol. PVP

185. New York: ASME; 1990. p. 29–35.

138. Blach AE, Naser K. Boltedflanged connections with full face gaskets an

improved design method. Curr Top Comput Mech, vol. PVP 305. New

York: ASME; 1995. p. 219–24.

139. Bose B, et al. Finite element analysis of unstiffened flush end-platebolted joints. J Struct Engng ASCE 1997;123(12):1614–21.

140. Bouzid A, Chaaban A. Proposed method for evaluating relaxation in

bolted flanged connections. Eighth Int Conf Pressure Vessels Technol,

Montreal, New York: ASME; 1996. p. 123–32.

141. Bouzid A, Chaaban A. An accurate method of evaluating relaxation in

bolted flanged connections. J Pressure Vessels Technol, ASME 1997;

119(1):10–7.

142. Bouzid A, Derenne M. Distribution of the gasket contact stress in bolted

flanged connections. 1997 ASME Pressure Vessels Piping Conf, vol.

PVP 354. New York: ASME; 1997. p. 185–93.

143. Bouzid A, et al. Effect of gasket creep relaxation on the leakage

tightness of bolted flanged joints. 1994 ASME Pressure Vessels Piping

Conf, vol. PVP 286. New York: ASME; 1997. p. 155–63.

144. Bouzid A, et al. The effect of gasket creep-relaxation on the leakage

tightness of bolted flanged joints. J Pressure Vessels Technol, ASME1995;117(1):71–8.

145. Bouzid AH, et al. The effect of steady state thermal loading on the

deflections of a flanged joint with a cover plate. ASME Pressure Vessels


146. Brown PT. Bending of a screw plate. Geotech Test J 1992;15(1):80– 3.

147. Brown SJ, Brown TJ. Computer simulation of a bolted flange with a

spiral wound gasket in a tee shell. 1990 Pressure Vessels Conf,

Nashville, vol. PVP 185. New York: ASME; 1990. p. 21–8.

148. Bursi OS, Jaspart JP. Benchmarks for finite element modelling of bolted

steel connections. J Constr Steel Res 1997;43(1/3):17–42.

149. Bursi OS, Jaspart JP. Calibration of a finite element model for isolated

bolted end-plate steel connections. J Constr Steel Res 1997;44(3):

225–62.

150. Bursi OS, Jaspart JP. Basic issues in the finite element simulation of

extended end plate connections. Comput Struct 1998;69(3):361–82.151. Bursi OS, et al. Behavior and analysis of bracing connections for steel

frames. J Constr Steel Res 1994;30(1):39–60.

152. Bursi OS, et al. Nonlinear analysis of the low-cycle fracture behaviour

of bolted steel connections. Comput Technol Mater, Compos Compos

Struct, Edinburgh, Edinburgh: Civil-Comput; 2000. p. 385–96.

153. Butler TG. Modeling a ball screw ball nut in substructuring. 19th

NASTRAN Users Coll, NASA 1991;3111:44– 50.

154. Call RD, Bjorhovde R. Wood connections with heavy bolts and steel

plates. J Struct Engng ASCE 1990;116(11):3090–107.

155. Cao JJ, Bell AJ. Determination of bolt forces in a circular flange

joint under tension force. Int J Pressure Vessels Piping 1996;68(1):

63–71.

156. Chan WS, Vedhagiri S. Analysisof composite bonded/bolted jointsused

in repairing. J Compos Mater 2001;35(12):1045–61.



8/19

157. Chasten CP, et al. Prying and shear in end-plate connection design.

J Struct Engng ASCE 1992;118(5):1295–311.

158. Chen HS. Environmental effects on boltedcomposite joints. PhD Thesis.

Rensselaer Polytech Institute; 1994

159. Chen HW, Lee SS. Numerical and experimental failure analysis

of composite laminates with bolted joints under bending loads.

J Compos Mater 1995;29(1):15–36.

160. Chen WH, et al. Three-dimensional contact stress analysis of a

composite laminate with bolted joint. Compos Struct 1995;30(3):

287–97.

161. Chiang YJ, Barber GC. Self-threading bolts tapped into temperature-

dependent plastic bosses. Int J Mater Product Technol 1997;12(2/3):

110–23.

162. Chiang YJ, Rowlands RE. Finite element analysis of mixed-mode

fracture of bolted composite joints. J Compos Technol Res 1991;

13(4):227–35.

163. Chua KM, et al. Numerical study of the effectiveness of mechanical

rock bolts in an underground opening excavated by blasting. 33rd US

Symp Rock Mech, Rotterdam: Balkema; 1991. p. 285.

164. Chung KF, Ip KH. Finite element modelling of cold-formed steel

bolted connections. Second Eur Conf Steel Struct, Prague 1999;

503–6.

165. Chung KF, Ip KH. Finite element modeling of bolted connectionsbetween cold-formed steel strips and hot rolled steel plates under

static shear loading. Engng Struct 2000;22(10):1271–84.

166. Chung KF, Ip KH. Finite element investigation on the structural

behavior of cold-formed steel bolted connections. Engng Struct

2001;23(9):1115–25.

167. Citipitioglu AM, et al. Refined 3D finite element modeling of

partially-restrained connections including slip. J Constr Steel Res

2002;58(5/8):995–1013.

168. D’Eramo M, Cappa P. An experimental validation of loaddistribution

in screw threads. Exp Mech 1991;31(1):70–5.

169. Danos GL, et al. Composite flange offers high strength at lower cost.

Titanium 1990: Prod Appl Fl 1990;479–88.

170. Daudeville L, et al. Prediction of the load carrying capacity of bolted

timber joints. Wood Sci Technol 1999;33(1):15–29.

171. Davalos-Sotelo R, Pellicane PJ. Bolted connections in wood underbending-tension loadings. J Struct Engng ASCE 1992;118(4):

999–1013.

172. Dragoni E. Effect of thread pitch and frictional coefficient on the

stress concentration in metric nut-bolt connections. 11th Int Conf

Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, Calgary, New York: ASME; 1992. p.

355–62.

173. Dragoni E. Effect of thread pitch and frictional coefficient on the

stress concentration in metric nut-bolt connections. J Offshore Mech

Arctic Engng ASME 1994;116(1):21–7.

174. Drean M, et al. Modelling of the swaging process during the

installation of swaged bolts. J Constr Steel Res 1998;46(1/3):

256–7.

175. Drean M, et al. Swaged bolts: modelling of the installation process

and numerical analysis of the mechanical behaviour. Fifth Int Conf

Comput Struct Technol, Edinburgh, Edinburgh: Civil-Comput; 2000.p. 87–97.

176. Drean M, et al. Swaged bolts: modelling of the installation process

and numerical analysis of the mechanical behaviour. Comput Struct

2002;80(27):2361–73.

177. Duan F. Numerical modeling of cable bolt support systems. PhD

Thesis. The University of Utah; 1991

178. Duan F, Pariseau WG. Equivalent elastic moduli of cable bolted finite

elements. In: Beer G, et al., editors. Comp. Meth. Adv. Geomech.

Rotterdam: Balkema; 1991. p. 1135 –40.

179. Ellis FV, Zielke RL. Creep constitutive equations for 1CrMoV bolt

material. ASME Pressure Vessels Piping Conf, vol. PVP 442. New

York: ASME; 2002. p. 75–82.

180. Epsteinm HI, Gulia FS. Finite element studies of bolt stagger effects in

tension members. Comput Struct 1993;48(6):1153– 6.

181. Epstein HI, Thacker BH. The effect of bolt stagger for block shear

tension failures in angles. Comput Struct 1991;39(5):571–6.

182. Eriksson I, et al. Design of multiple-row bolted composite joints under

general in-plane loading. Compos Engng 1995;5(8):1051– 68.

183. Erki MA, et al. Design of glass-fibre-reinforced plastic bolted

connections. Microcomp Civil Engng 1993;8(5):367– 76.

184. FanL, et al. Finite elementmodelling of single lap screw connectionsin

steel sheetingunder static shear. Thin-Wall Struct 1997;27(2):165– 86.

185. Fanning PJ, et al. Nonlinear finite element analysis of semi-rigid bolted

end-plate connections. Comput Technol Mater Compos Compos

Struct, Edinburgh, Edinburgh: Civil-Comput; 2000. p. 397–403.

186. Fathy A, et al. Experimental research on anchor bolts in rock. In:

Bazant ZP, et al., editors. Fract Mech Concrete Struct. Amsterdam:

Elsevier; 1992. p. 859–64.

187. Feldmann M, Kong BS. Bolted beam to column joints out of S460 and

S355, experiments and finite element investigations. Stahlbau 1999;

68(3):204–11.

188. Fessler H, et al. Assembly stresses and deflection of conical-faced

flanges without gaskets. Int J Mech Sci 1991;33(8):623–35.

189. Fu M, Mallick PK. Fatigue of hybrid (adhesive/bolted) joints in SRIM

composites. Int J Adhes Adhes 2001;21(2):145–59.

190. Fukuoka T. Mechanical properties of threaded regions in an eyebolt

and an eyenut. JSME Int J Ser I 1991;34(4):505–11.191. Fukuoka T. Finite element simulation of tightening process of bolted

joint with a tensioner. J Pressure Vessels Technol, ASME 1992;

114(4):433–8.

192. Fukuoka T. Analysis of the tightening process of bolted joint with a

tensioner using spring elements. J Pressure Vessels Technol, ASME

1994;116(4):443–8.


at the thread root with modifications of nut shape. Trans Jpn Soc Mech

Engng, Ser A 1994;60(580):2782–8.

194. Fukuoka T. Analysis of the tightening process of a bolted joint with a

tensioner (effect of contact stiffness). Trans Jpn Soc Mech Engng Ser

A 1995;61(582):429– 35.


at the thread root with modifications of nut shape. Curr Top Comput

Mech, vol. PVP 305. New York: ASME; 1995. p. 205–11.196. Fukuoka T. Mechanical behaviors of bolted joint in various clamping

configurations. Trans Jpn Soc Mech Engng Ser A 1996;62(594):

445–51.

197. Fukuoka T. Analysis of tightening process of bolted joint with

tensioner (effects of incorrect geometry at contact surface). Trans Jpn

Soc Mech Engng Ser A 1996;62(602):2372–8.


at the thread root of bolted joints with modifications of nut shape.

J Pressure Vessels Technol, ASME 1997;119(1):1–9.

199. Fukuoka T, Takaki T. Mechanical behaviors of bolted joint in various

clamping configurations. 1997 ASME Pressure Vessels Piping

Conference, vol. PVP 354. New York: ASME; 1997. p. 195–202.

200. Fukuoka T, Takaki T. Mechanical behaviors of bolted joint during

tightening using torque control. Trans Jpn Soc Mech Engng Ser A

1997;63(609):1083–8.201. Fukuoka T, Takaki T. Mechanical behaviors of bolted joint during

tightening using torque control. JSME Int J Ser A 1998;41(2):185– 91.

202. Fukuoka T, Takaki T. Mechanical behaviors of bolted joint in various

clamping configurations. J Pressure Vessels Technol, ASME 1998;

120(3):226–31.

203. Fukuoka T, Takaki T. Finite element simulation of bolt-up process of

pipe flange connections. J Pressure Vessels Technol, ASME 2001;

123(3):282–7.

204. Fukuoka T, Takaki T. Finite element simulation of the disassembly

process of pipe flange connections. ASME Pressure Vessels Piping


205. Fukuoka T, Xu Q. Analysis of the tightening process of bolted joint

with bolt heater. Trans Jpn Soc Mech Engng Ser A 1997;63(607):

561–6.



9/19

206. Fukuoka T, Xu Q. Analysis of the tightening process of bolted joint

with a bolt heater. ASME/JSME Joint Pressure Vessels Piping Conf,

vol. PVP 367. New York: ASME; 1998. p. 53–9.

207. Fukuoka T, Xu Q. Finite element simulation of the tightening process

of bolted joint with a bolt heater. J Pressure Vessels Technol, ASME

2002;124(4):457–64.

208. Gaul L, Lenz J. Nonlinear dynamics of structures assembled by bolted

joints. Acta Mech 1997;125(1/4):169–81.

209. Gebbeken N, et al. Numerical analysis of endplate connections.

J Constr Steel Res 1994;30(2):177–96.

210. Gerbert G, BastedH. Centrically loadedbolt joints. J Mech DesASME

1993;115(4):701–5.

211. Graham U, et al. A novel finite element investigation of the effects of

washer friction in composite plates with bolt-filled holes. Compos

Struct 1994;29(3):329– 40.

212. Grosse IR, Mitchell LD. Nonlinear axial stiffness characteristics of

axisymmetric bolted joints. J Mech Des ASME 1990;112(3):442–9.

213. Grutta JT, et al. Strength of bolted joints in composites under

concentrated moment. J Compos Mater 2000;34(15):1242–62.

214. Halder T, et al. Simulation of bolts and washers using LS-DYNA for

seat attachments and correlation with the test data. Second Eur LS-

DYNA Conf, Gothenburg 1999;B49–B56.

215. Hammoud H. Study of ferrocement bolted connections for structuralapplications. PhD Thesis. The University of Michigan; 1993

216. Hassan NK, et al. Bolted connections for GFRP laminated structural

members. Third Mater Engng Conf, San Diego, New York: ASCE;

1994. p. 1018–25.

217. Hassan NK, et al. Finite element analysis of bolted connections for

PFRP composites. Composites, Part B 1996;27(3/4):339– 50.

218. Heo SP, Yang WH. Mixed-mode stress intensity factors and critical

angles of cracks in bolted joints by weight function method. Arch Appl

Mech 2002;72(2/3):96–106.

219. Her SC, Shie DL. The failure analysis of bolted repair on composite

laminate. Int J Solids Struct 1998;35(15):1679–93.

220. Hollmann K. Failure analysis of bolted composite joints exhibiting in-

plane failure modes. J Compos Mater 1996;30(3):358–83.

221. Hoor AM, et al. Developments in finite element analysis of single

bolted timber joints. In: Valliappan S, et al., editors. Comput Mech:Conc Comp. Rotterdam: Balkema; 1993. p. 745–50.

222. Hosokawa S, et al. Sectional area for calculation of deformation in

screw thread. J Jpn Soc Precis Engng 1995;61(9):1260–4.

223. Hosokawa S, et al. Sectional area for calculation of deformation in

screw thread. Int J Jpn Soc Precis Engng 1996;30(2):172–6.

224. Hu J. Strength analysis of wood single bolt joints. PhD Thesis. The

University of Wisconsin, Madison; 1990

225. Hu ZQ et al. Flange bending model and its application to bolt span

specification. SAE Special Publication No. 1344; 1998. p. 51–7

226. Hung CL. Response of mechanically fastened composite joints under

multiple bypass loads. PhD Thesis. Stanford University; 1994

227. Hung CL, Chang FK. Bearing failure of bolted composite joints. Part

II. Model and verification. J Compos Mater 1996;30(12):1359–400.

228. Hung CL, Chang FK. Strength envelope of bolted composite joints

under bypass loads. J Compos Mater 1996;30(13):1402–35.229. Hwang DY. Finite element analysis of high pressure bolted flange

connections. PhD Thesis. Auburn University; 1992

230. Hwang DY, Stallings JM. Finite element analysis of bolted flange

connections. Comput Struct 1994;51(5):521– 33.

231. Ireman T. Three-dimensional stress analysis of bolted single-lap

composite joints. Compos Struct 1998;43(3):195– 216.

232. Ireman T, et al. Design methods for bolted joints in composite aircraft

structures. Compos Struct 1993;25(1/4):567– 78.

233. Irtem E, Turker K. Investigation of semi-rigid bolted beam connec-

tions on prefabricated frame joints. Struct Engng Mech 2001;12(4):

397–408.

234. Ishida Y, Minamisawa C. Analysis of axial loads due to the screw

fastenings in the tie rods of built-up-columns. J Jpn Soc Precis Engng

1996;62(8):1172–6.

235. Jiang WG, Henshall JL. The development and applications of the

helically symmetric boundary conditions in finite element analysis.

Commun Numer Meth Engng 1999;15(6):435–43.

236. Joanovics L, Varadi K. Non linear finite element analysis of the

contact, strain and stress states of a bolt-nut-washer-compressed sheet

joint system. Period Polytech Mech Engng 1995;39(2):151– 62.

237. Ju SH. Stress intensity factors for cracks in bolted joints. Int J Fract

1997;84(2):129–41.

238. Ju SH, Horng TL. Behaviors of a single crack in multiple bolted joints.

Int J Solids Struct 1999;36(27):4055–70.

239. Jung CK, Han KS. Fatigue life prediction of bolted joints using fatigue

modulus. Key Engng Mater 2000;183/187:1011–6.

240. Kallmeyer AR. Time-dependent behavior of bolted joints in a polymer

matrix composite laminate at ambient and elevated temperatures. PhD

Thesis. The University of Iowa; 1995

241. Kallmeyer AR, Stephens RI. A finite element model for predicting

time-dependent deformations and damage accumulation in laminated

composite bolted joints. J Compos Mater 1999;33(9):794–826.

242. Kasai M, et al. Effects of accuracy of the nut bearing surface on

tightening condition of hollow-type bolted joint (first rep). Trans Jpn

Soc Mech Engng Ser C 1995;61(583):1136–42.

243. Keddi W. The load-carrying behaviour of grouted tubular steel dowels.

In: Wittke W, editor. Seventh Int Cong Rock Mech. Rotterdam:Balkema; 1991. p. 899–903.

244. Kerekes E, et al. Prestressed bolt joints under dynamic load.

VSDIA’92, Budapest 1998;VSDIA’98:545– 55.

245. Kim SK, Cho DW. Real-time estimation of temperature distribution in

a ball-screw system. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 1997;37(4):451–64.

246. Kim TW, et al. Evaluation of the member stiffness for the stud

bolt fastening. ASME/JSME Joint Pressure Vessels Piping Conf,

vol. PVP 376. New York: ASME; 1998. p. 51–4.

247. Kim TW, et al. Finite element analysis of bolted joint assembly of

nuclear power plants. ASME/JSME Joint Pressure Vessels Piping


248. Kitipornchai S, et al. Effect of bolt slippage on ultimate behavior of

lattice structures. J Struct Engng, ASCE 1994;120(8):2281–7.

249. Kontoleon MJ, et al. Parametric analysis of the structural response of

steel base plate connections. Comput Struct 1999;71(1):87–103.250. Kukreti AR, Biswas P. Finite element analysis to predict the cyclic

hysteretic behavior and failure of end-plate connections. Comput

Struct 1997;65(1):127– 47.

251. Kwon O, et al. The development of a multiaxial stress rupture criterion

for bolting steels using new and service aged materials. Int J Pressure

Vessels Piping 2000;77(2/3):91– 7.

252. Kwon YD, et al. Formula for stiffness of bolted joint members with

sleeve and its applications. J Struct Engng, ASCE 2002;128(7):951–5.

253. Lassesen S, Woll F. Compact flanged connections for high

temperature applications. ASME Pressure Vessels Piping Conf, vol.


254. Laviolette D, et al. Mechanical behavior of pressurized bolted joints

subjected to external bending loads. Eighth Int Conf Pressure Vessels

Technol, Montreal, New York: ASME; 1996. p. 117–22.

255. Lebon F, Raous M. Multibody contact problem including friction instructure assembly. Comput Struct 1992;43(5):925– 34.

256. Lee SS, Chen WH. Three-dimensional thermoelastic contact between

two plates with bolted joints. J Thermal Stress 1996;19(2):123–38.

257. Lehnhoff TF, Bunyard BA. Effects of bolt threads on the stiffness of

bolted joints. ASME Int Mech Engng Cong Expo, vol. PVP 381. New

York: ASME; 1998. p. 141–6.

258. Lehnhoff TF, Bunyard BA. Bolt thread and head fillet stress

concentration factors. J Pressure Vessels Technol ASME 2000;

122(2):180–5.

259. Lehnhoff TF, Bunyard BA. Effects of bolt threads on the stiffness of

bolted joints. J Pressure Vessels Technol, ASME 2001;123(2):161–5.

260. Lehnhoff TF, Wistehuff WE. Nonlinear effects on the stresses and

deformations of bolted joints. Pressure Vessels Piping Conf, vol. PVP

282. New York: ASME; 1994. p. 131–6.



10/19

261. Lehnhoff TF,Wistehuff WE.Nonlinear effectson the stiffness of bolted

joints. 1994 Pressure Vessels Piping Conf, vol. PVP 282. New York:

ASME; 1994. p. 125–30.

262. Lehnhoff TF, Wistehuff WE. Nonlinear effects on the stiffness of

bolted joints. J Pressure Vessels Technol, ASME 1996;118(1):48– 53.

263. Lehnhoff TF, Wistehuff WE. Nonlinear effects of the stresses and

deformations of bolted joints. J Pressure Vessels Technol, ASME

1996;118(1):54–8.

264. Lehnhoff TF, et al. Member stiffness and bolt spacing of bolted joints.

Winter Annual Meeting, Anaheim, vol. PVP 248. New York: ASME;

1992. p. 63–72.

265. Lehnhoff TF, et al. Member stiffness and contact pressure distribution

of bolted joints. 10th ASME Des Technol Conf, Albuquerque 1993;

161–77.

266. Lehnhoff TF, et al. Member stiffness and contact pressure distribution

of bolted joints. J Mech Des, ASME 1994;116(2):550–7.

267. Lessard LB, et al. Analysis of stress singularities in laminated

composite pinned/bolted joints. 38th Int SAMPE Symp Exhib 1993;

38(1):53–60.

268. Lin HJ, Tsai CC. Failure analysis of bolted connections of

composites with drilled and moulded-in hole. Compos Struct 1995;

30(2):159–68.

269. Lin WH, Jen MHR. The strength of bolted and bonded single-lappedcomposite joints in tension. J Compos Mater 1999;33(7):640–66.

270. Lori W. Compliance of braced plates in screwed-in joints. Konstruk-

tion 1996;48(11):379– 82.

271. Maddren J. Thermal contact resistance of bolted joints at cryogenic

temperatures. PhD Thesis. University of California, Santa Barbara;

1994

272. Maddren J, Marschall E. Finite element modeling of heat transfer

across bolted joints. Int J Microelectr Packag Mater Technol 1995;

1(1):51–61.

273. Maruyama K, Shimizu K. Analysis and design of anchor bolt with

consideration of fracture mechanics. In: Bazant ZP, editor. Fract.

Mech. Concr. Struct. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1992. p. 870–5.

274. Maruyama K, et al. Load-bearing mechanism of post-installed anchor

bolt under the combined tension and shear loading. Trans Jpn Concrete

Inst 1994;16:525–30.275. Masika RJ, Dunai L. Behavior of bolted end-plate portal frame joints.

J Constr Steel Res 1995;32(2):207–25.

276. Matsui K, et al. Strata bolting in longwall gateroads. Assess Prev

Failure Phen Rock Engng, Rotterdam: Balkema; 1993. p. 647–52.

277. Mayville RA, Stringfellow RG. Numerical analysis of a railroad bolt

hole fracture problem. Theor Appl Fract Mech 1995;24(1):1–12.

278. Mazroi A, Kukreti AR. Design of eight-bolt end-plate connection

considering both the beam and column sides of the connection. Asian J

Struct Engng 1995;1(2):187–96.

279. McKee RB, Reddy H. Apparent stiffness of a bolted flange. 1995

ASME Des Engng Technol Conf, vol. DE 83. New York: ASME;

1995. p. 877–83.

280. Miki T, et al. Control of bolt load with plastic washer and influence of

external force (design of mechanical joint with plastic washer). Trans

Jpn Soc Mech Engng Ser C 1997;63(614):3606–11.281. Mohamed, SAM. Behaviour of sleeved bolt connections in precast

concrete building frames. PhD Thesis. University of Southampton,

UK; 1992

282. Mori T. Stress concentration and fatigue strength of rectangular plates

with bolted circular holes. Proc Jpn Soc Civil Engng 1996;543(I-36):

123–32.

283. Nagata S, et al. A simplifiedmodeling of gasket stress– strain curve for

FEM analysis in bolted flange joint design. ASME Pressure Vessels


284. Nash DH, et al. A parametric study of metal-to-metal full face taper-

hub flanges. Int J Pressure Vessels Piping 2000;77(13):791–7.

285. Oiwa T, et al. Stiffness improvement of bolted joint: uniformization of

contact pressure distribution. J Jpn Soc Precis Engng 1999;65(4):

537–41.

286. Ono K, et al. Effect of bolted joints on the vibration characteristics of a

hydrostatic air bearing spindle rotor. Trans Jpn Soc Mech Engng Ser C

1991;57(543):3429–35.

287. Ostergaard L, et al. Load capacity of tap bolted connections in tension.

13th Nordic Sem Comp Mech, Oslo 2000;196–9.

288. Patton-Mallory M. Improving analysis of bolted wood connections: a

three-dimensional model. 15th Struct Cong, Portland, New York:

ASCE; 1997. p. 934–8.

289. Patton-Mallory M, et al. Nonlinear material models for analysis of

bolted wood connections. J Struct Engng, ASCE 1997;123(8):

1063–70.

290. Patton-Mallory M, et al. Modeling bolted connections in wood: a

three-dimensional finite element approach. J Test Eval 1998;26(2):

115–24.

291. Patton-Mallory M, et al. Qualitative assessment of failure in

bolted connections: Tsai-Wu criterion. J. Test Eval 1998;26(5):

497–505.

292. Patton-Mallory M, et al. Qualitative assessment of failure in bolted

connections: maximum stress criterion. J Test Eval 1998;26(5):

489–96.

293. Paul HC. Calculation of bolted joints in any geometry. Konstruktion

1996;48(9):282–92.

294. Pratt JD. Testing and analysis of mechanically-fastened lap joints.PhD Thesis. University of California, Irvine; 2001

295. Pratt JD, Pardoen G. Numerical modeling of bolted lap joint

behavior. J Aerospace Engng 2002;15(1):20–31.

296. Pratt JD, Pardoen G. Comparative behavior of single-bolted and

dual-bolted lap joints. J Aerospace Engng 2002;15(2):55– 63.

297. Rahman MU, Rowlands RE. Finite element analysis of multiple-

bolted joints in orthotropic plates. Comput Struct 1993;46(5):

859–67.

298. Rajaie H. Experimental and numerical investigation of cable bolt

support systems. PhD Thesis. McGill University, Canada; 1990

299. Ramadan HM, et al. Finite element modelling and experimental

testing of single shear bolted joints. Adv Civil Struct Engng Comput

Practice, Edinburgh: Civil-Comput; 1998. p. 117– 24.

300. Ramakrishna S, et al. Bolted joints of pultruded sandwich composite

laminates. Compos Struct 1995;32(1/4):227– 35.301. Romanholo GA, et al. Semi-rigid connections analysis in plane

frames. Seventh Int Conf Comput Struct Tech, Prague, Edinburgh:

Civil-Comput; 2002. p. 237–8.

302. Rothert H, et al. Non-linear three-dimensional finite element contact

analysis of bolted connections in steel frames. Int J Numer Meth

Engng 1992;34(1):303– 18.

303. Sawa T, et al. Stress analysis and determination of bolt preload in

pipe flange connections with gaskets under internal pressure.

J Pressure Vessels Technol, ASME 2002;124(4):385–96.

304. Schaumann P, Seidel M. On the ultimate limit load calculation of

connections with bolts in tension. Bauingenieur 2000;75(10):

637–45.

305. Schiffner K, Droste gen Helling. Simulation of prestressed screw

joi nts in comp lex str uct ure s. Comp ut Str uct 1997 ;64( 5/6) :

995–1003.306. Schmidt H, Neuper M. On the elastostatic behaviour of an

eccentrically tensioned L-joint with prestressed bolts. Stahlbau

1997;66(3):163–8.

307. Schulz KC, et al. A tension mode fracture model for bolted joints in

laminated composites. J Compos Mater 1995;29(1):37– 58.

308. Semke WH. A dynamic investigation of piping systems with a

bolted flange. ASME Pressure Vessels Piping Conf, vol. PVP 440.

New York: ASME; 2002. p. 121–8.

309. Sherbourne AN, Bahaari MR. Three dimensional simulation of end-

plate bolted connections. J Struct Engng, ASCE 1994;120(11):

3122–36.

310. Sherbourne AN, Bahaari MR. Three-dimensional simulation of

bolted connections to unstiffened columns. Part I. T-stub connec-

tions. J Constr Steel Res 1996;40(3):169–87.



11/19

311. Sherbourne AN, Bahaari MR. Finite element prediction of end plate

bolted connection behavior. Part 1. Parametric study. J Struct

Engng, ASCE 1997;123(2):157– 64.

312. Shi G, et al. Finite element design and analysis of a bolted patch

repair for composites. 42nd Struct Struct Dyn Mater Conf,

Seattle, Washington, DC: AIAA; 2001. p. 1489.

313. Shih JS. Experimental-numerical analysis of bolted joints in finite

composites with and without inserts. PhD Thesis. University of

Wisconsin, Madison; 1992

314. Shimomura H, et al. Hydrogen induced fracture of high tension

bolts. Ninth Int Conf Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, Houston, New

York: ASME; 1990. p. 611–5.

315. Shimomura H, et al. Analytical study of hydrogen induced fracture

in high tension bolts. First Int Offshore Polar Engng Conf,

Edinburgh; 1991. p. 399–404.

316. Shimomura H, et al. Delayed fracture analysis in high tension bolts

induced by hydrogen. Mech Behav Mater-VI, Oxford: Pergamon

Press; 1992. p. 719–24.

317. Shimomura H, et al. Dynamic observation of hydrogen induced

fracture in high strength bolts. 11th Int Conf Offshore Mech Arctic

Engng, Calgary 1992;377– 82.

318. Skalerud B. Yield surface formulations for eccentrically loaded

planar bolted or welded connections. Comput Struct 1992;48(5):811–8.

319. Song S, et al. Contact area of bolted joint interface. Analytical, finite

element modeling and experimental study. Winter Annual Meeting,

Anaheim, vol. EEP 3. New York: ASME; 1992. p. 73–81.

320. Song S, et al. Experimental study and modeling of thermal contact

resistance across bolted joints. J Thermophys Heat Transf 1994;

8(1):159–63.

321. Springer SL, Dhingra AK. A novel design for high performance

drive screw systems. J Mech Des, ASME 1998;120(1):80–3.

322. Srinivasan G, Lehnhoff TF. Bolt head fillet stress concentration

factors in cylindrical pressure vessels. J Pressure Vessels Technol,

ASME 2001;123(3):381– 6.

323. Stallings JM, Hwang DY. Modeling pretensions in bolted connec-

tions. Comput Struct 1992;45(4):801– 3.

324. Stefani FA, Rebora AU. Finite element analysis of dynamicallyloaded journal bearings: influence of the bolt preload. J Tribol

ASME 2002;124(3):486– 93.

325. Steffen RE, et al. Analysis and behavior of pultruded fiber-

reinforced polymer bolted connections. Mater Constr. Explor.

Connect, New York: ASCE; 1999. p. 76–83.

326. Sun HT, et al. Lateral constraining effect on bolted composite joints.

38th Struct Struct Dyn Mater Conf, Kissimmee, Washington, DC:

AIAA; 1997. p. 2010–20.

327. Swanson JA, et al. Advanced finite element modeling of bolted T-

stub connection components. J Constr Steel Res 2002;58(5/8):

1015–31.

328. Swoboda G, Marence M. FEM modeling of rock bolts. In: Beer G,

editor. Comp. Meth. Adv. Geomech. Rotterdam: Balkema; 1991. p.

1515–20.

329. Takahashi N, et al. Slip out decrease method in screwing, and FDDhead alignment and fastening equipment. J Jpn Soc Precis Engng

1998;64(3):389–93.

330. Takaki T, Fukuoka T. Systematical FE analysis of bolt assembly

process of pipe flange connections. ASME Pressure Vessels Piping


331. Takayama T, Morita K. Finite element analysis of rubber

bearings including flanges and bolts. ASME/JSME Joint Pressure

Vessels Piping Conference, vol. PVP 379. New York: ASME;

2002. p. 115–22.

332. Takhirov SM, Popov EP. Bolted large seismic steel beam-to-column

connections. Part 2. Numerical nonlinear analysis. Engng Struct

2002;24(12):1535–45.

333. Tanaka M. Finite element analyses of bolted connections. J Jpn Soc

Tribol 1998;43(2):154.

334. Tanaka M, Aoike T. Behaviour of bolted joints tightened in

plastic region: elasto-plastic analysis by the finite element method.

ASME/JSME Joint Pressure Vessels Piping Conference, vol. PVP

367. New York: ASME; 1998. p. 89–95.

335. Tenchev RT. Including bolt bending stiffness in finite element

analysis of flanged connections. Commun Appl Numer Meth 1991;

7(2):123–9.

336. Toribio J. Stress intensity factor solutions for a cracked bolt loaded

by a nut. Int J Fract 1992;53(4):367–85.

337. Toribio J. Effect of crack shape and loading conditions on the stress

intensity factor for a cracked bolt. 11th Int Conf Offshore Mech

Arctic Engng, Calgary 1992;363–70.

338. Toribio J, et al. Stress intensity factor solutions for a cracked bolt

under tension, bending and residual stress loading. Engng Fract

Mech 1991;39(2):359– 71.

339. Toribio J, et al. Stress intensification in cracked shank of tightened

bolt. Theor Appl Fract Mech 1991;15:85–97.

340. Toribio J, et al. X-ray measurement of residual stresses in a rolled

bolt: application to the calculation of stress intensity factors after

cracking. J Strain Anal Engng Des 1991;26(2):103–9.

341. Troup S, et al. Numerical modelling of bolted steel connections.

J Constr Steel Res 1998;46(1/3):269.

342. Tserpes KI, et al. A three-dimensional progressive damage modelfor bolted joints in composite laminates subjected to tensile loading.

Fatigue Fract Engng Mater Struct 2001;24(10):663– 75.

343. Tserpes KI, et al. Strength prediction of bolted joints in graphite/

epoxy composite laminates. Composites Part B 2002;33(7):521– 9.

344. Tsubouchi T, et al. Search for critical failure lines of models

reinforced with rockbolts and anchors. In: Beer G, et al., editors.

Comp. Meth. Adv. Geomech. Rotterdam: Balkema; 1991. p.

1521–6.

345. Uchida Y, et al. Numerical analysis of anchor bolts embedded in

concrete plates. Fract Damage Concrete Rock, Vienna 1993;vol.

FDCR-2:598–607.

346. Vangrimde B. Comportment mecanique des joints boulonnes en

composites verre-polyester. PhD Thesis. Ecole. Polytech, Montreal;

2001

347. Vigh LG, Dunai L. Finite element modelling and analysis of bolted joints of three dimensional tubular structures. Sixth Int Conf

Comput Struct Tech, Prague, Edinburgh: Civil-Comput; 2002. p.

245–6.

348. Wang CH, et al. Deformation and fracture of macadamia nuts. Int J

Fract 1995;69(1):51– 65.

349. Wang J, et al. Finite element analysis of anchor bolt pull-out based

on fracture mechanics. Fract Damage Concrete Rock, Vienna 1993;

vol. FDCR-2:559–68.

350. Wang J, et al. Evaluation of approaches for determining design

allowable for bolted joints in laminated composites. Compos Struct

1998;41(2):167–76.

351. Wang JT, et al. Analysis of bolt-loaded elliptical holes in laminated

composite joints. J Reinf Plast Compos 1993;12(2):128–38.

352. Wang Z, Xie Q. Stress–strain finite element analysis and fatigue life

prediction for bolted connections. Chin J Mech Engng 2002;15(1):75–8.

353. Watanabe E, et al. Three dimensional contact separation behavior on

high strength bolted flange joints. Proc Jpn Soc Civil Engng 1996;

543(I-36):107–21.

354. Weber EM, Bibel GD. Flange bolt-up simulation using 3-D finite

element modeling. 1994 Pressure Vessels Piping Conference, vol.


355. Wheeler AT, et al. FE modeling of four-bolt, tubular moment end-

plate connections. J Struct Engng, ASCE 2000;126(7):816– 22.

356. Wileman J, et al. Computation of member stiffness in bolted

connections. 1990 ASME Int Comp Engng Conf Expo, Boston, New

York: ASME; 1990. p. 539–44.

357. Wileman J, et al. Computation of member stiffness in bolted

connections. J Mech Des, ASME 1991;113(4):432– 7.



12/19

358. Yasui H, et al. Ultrasonic measurement of axial stress in short bolts

with consideration of nonlinear deformation. JSME Int J, Ser A

1999;42(1):111–8.

359. Yoneno M, et al. Sealing performance of liquid sealant in flexible

flanged bolted joints. 1996 ASME Pressure Vessels Piping


360. Yoneno M, et al. Sealing performance of liquid sealant in flexible

box-shape flange bolted joints. 1997 ASME Pressure Vessels Piping


361. Yoneno M, et al. Stress analysis and the new gasket factor of blind

flanged bolted joint of thin wall thickness using silicone sealant

under internal pressure. ASME/JSME Joint Pressure Vessels Piping


362. Yoneno M, et al. The strength of joints combining adhesives with

bolts (case where adherends are pipe flanges of which the interfaces

are bonded partially). JSME Int J, Ser A 1999;42(1):126–34.

363. Yu L, et al. Structural damage identification procedure with

application to a frame structure with bolted joints. 17th Int Modal

Anal Conf, Kissimmee, IMAC 1999;1387–94.

364. Zadoks RI, Kokatam DPR. Investigation of the axial stiffness of a

bolt using a three-dimensional finite element model. J Sound Vib

2001;246(2):349–73.

365. Zahavi E. Contact problems with friction in machine design.Comput Struct 1993;48(4):591– 4.

366. Zerres H, et al. Comparison between the analysis of the mechanical

behaviour of bolted joints by the FEM and by the European

approach (PR EN 1591). ASME/JSME Joint Pressure Vessels Piping


367. Zhang FR, et al. Measurement of the deformation on joint of

combined precision ball screw. Proc SPIE 1993;2101(2):795– 9.

368. Zhao H. Analysis of the load distribution in a bolt-nut connector.

Comput Struct 1994;53(6):1465– 72.

369. Zhao H. Stress concentration factors within bolt-nut connectors

under elasto-plastic deformation. Int J Fatigue 1998;20(9):651– 9.

370. Zhao MY, et al. Load distribution in composite multifastener

joints. Comput Struct 1996;60(2):337 – 42.

371. Zhernakov VS, Budilov IN. Calculation of stress intensity factors

for cracks surfacing under bolt heads. J Mach Manuf Reliab 1990;6:45–8.

372. Zhuang WZ. Prediction of crack growth from bolt holes in a disc. Int

J Fatigue 2000;22(3):241 –50.

Rivets

373. Bisagni C. Energy absorption of riveted structures. Int J Crashworth

1999;4(2):199–212.

374. Bisagni C. Crashworthiness of helicopter subfloor structures. Int J

Impact Engng 2002;27(10):1067–82.

375. Fung CP, Smart J. Experimental and numerical analysis of riveted

single lap joints. Proc Inst Mech Engng Part G 1994;208(2):

79–80.

376. Fung CP, Smart J. Riveted single lap joints. Part I. A numericalparametric study. Proc Inst Mech Engng Part G 1997;211(1):13–27.

377. Fung CP, Smart J. Riveted single lap joints. Part 2. Fatigue life

prediction. Proc Inst Mech Engng Part G 1997;211(2):123–8.

378. Ganapathy H, Farris TN. Modeling of skin/rivet contact: application

to fretting fatigue. 38th Struct Struct Dyn Master Conf, Kissimmee,

Washington, DC: AIAA; 1997. p. 2739–51.

379. Harish G, Farris TN. Effect of fretting contact stresses on crack

nucleation in riveted lap joints. 39th Struct Struct Dyn Mater Conf

Exhib, Long Beach 1998;383–91.

380. Harish G, Farris TN. Shell modeling of fretting in riveted lap joints.

AIAA J 1998;36(6):1087–93.

381. Harish G, Farris TN. Integrated approach for prediction of fretting

crack nucleation in riveted lap joints. Struct Struct Dyn Mater Conf,

St Louis, Washington, DC: AIAA; 1999. p. 1219–26.

382. Iyer K, et al. Influence of interference and clampingon fretting fatigue

in single rivet-row lap joints. J Tribol ASME 2001;123(4):686–98.

383. Karaoglu C, Kuralay NS. Stress analysis of a truck chassis with

riveted joints. Finite Elem Anal Des 2002;38(12):1115–30.

384. Kaya A, et al. Three dimensional stress analysis in adhesively bonded

joints with rivets. Math Comput Appl 1999;4(1):195– 203.

385. Kimenov VV, et al. Tension and residual stresses in riveted joint.

J Mach Manuf Reliab 1992;5:47–51.

386. Langrand B, et al. Riveted joint modeling for numerical analysis of

airframe crashworthiness. Finite Elem Anal Des 2001;38(1):21–44.

387. Langrand B, et al. Iterative experimental/numerical procedure to

design riveted joints for airframe crashworthiness. Int Conf Comput

Meth Exp Measur, Southampton: WIT Press; 2001. p. 301–10.

388. Langrand B, et al. An alternative numerical approach for full scale

characterisation for riveted joint design. Aerospace Sci Technol 2002;

6(5):343–54.

389. Langrand B, et al. Assessment of multi-physics FE methods for bird

strike modelling-application to a metallic riveted airframe. Int J

Crashworth 2002;7(4):415–28.

390. Lee YJ, et al. Study on the post-buckling behavior of laminates

connected by rivets. J Reinf Plast Compos 2001;20(11):902–20.

391. Leon R, et al. Cyclic performance of riveted connections. Struct

Congr XII, Atlanta, New York: ASCE; 1994. p. 1490–5.392. Nepershin RI, Knigin VV. Analysis of upsetting of the heads of a

riveted joint. J Mach Manuf Reliab 1992;3:71–6.

393. Nepershin

mackerle - finite element analysis of fastening and joining

Documents