MACHINE TOOL

Prof. kiran gore

Contents

Lathe machine Drilling machine Grinding machine

Lathe machine

The main function of lathe machine is to remove unwanted material from the work peace in the form of chips to give desired shape & size.

BASIC ELEMENTS OF LATHE MACHINE

The lathe machine consist of following principle parts:-

1. Bed 2. Head stock3. Tail stock 4. Carriage 5. Lead screw6. Feed mechanism

1. Lathe Bed

1. Lathe Bed

Lathe Bed

Heavy, rugged casting Made to support working parts of

lathe On top section are machined ways

– Guide and align major parts of lathe

2. Head stock

2. Head stock

Chuck

Chucks

A chuck is one of the most important

device for holding & rotating a work

piece in a lathe.

The various types of chuck as follows

1. Three jaw chuck

2. Four jaw chuck

3. Drill or collect chuck

4. Magnetic chuck

1) Three jaw chuck

2) Four jaw chuck

3) Drill or collect chuck

4) Magnetic chuck

Clamped on left-hand end of bed Headstock spindle

– Hollow cylindrical shaft supported by bearings

_Provides drive through gears to work-holding devices

– Live center, faceplate, or chuck fitted to spindle nose to hold and drive work

Driven by stepped pulley or transmission gears

Feed reverse lever – Reverses rotation of feed rod and lead

screw

2. Head stock

3. Tail stock

3. Tail stock

Tail stock Located at right hand end of the lathe bed.

It can be moved along the guide ways on the lathe bed & can be clamped in any position on the lathe bed.

Function To hold the dead centre which can support the

long work pieces during machining &

To hold the tools like drill, reamer & boring for carrying out operations like drilling, reaming & boring.

4. Carriage

Located between the headstock & tailstock of the lathe bed.

It slides along the guide ways on the lathe bed.

Function To hold the cutting tool,

To give longitudinal &/ or cross feed to the cutting tool.

4. Carriage

Parts of carriage

The carriage has five parts

1. Saddle

2. Cross slide

3. Compound rest

4. Tool post

5. Apron

5. Lead screw

It is along threaded shaft driven by the feed drive.

Function It is used for giving mechanized

motion to the carriage for cutting threads on the work piece.

The rotary motion of the lead screw is converted into linear motion of the split nut & the carriage.

5. Lead screw

6. Feed drive

Feed drive is the unit used for transmitting the power & motion from the main drive to the lead screw with required reduction ratio.

6. Feed drive

Lathe Size

Lathe Size

Work piece LengthSwing

Overall length of bed

SPECIFICATION OF LATHE

Operations on Lathe

TurningTapper turning FacingChamferingGrooving

PartingKnurlingDrillingBoring Reaming Threading

Turning

Turning is the process of removing material from the cylindrical surface of the work peace to reduced its diameter.

The tool used for this operation is called as turning tool.

Turning

1) Straight Turning

2) Step turning

1) Straight Turning

Straight turning are used to reduced the diameter of the work piece.

The tool motion is longitudinal

2) Step turning

When the work peace of different diameter turned the surface from one diameter of work peace is called as step turning.

The tool used for this operation is called as turning tool.

Facing

The facing operation used for reducing

the length of the of a work piece. Tool – facing tool Feed – cross feed

Chamfering

Chamfering is the process of removing the sharp edges of the work peace.

chamfering is provided to 1. For avoiding the injuries to the persons handling

to the finished product.2. For aesthetic look to the finished product.

Grooving

Grooving is the process of producing / providing a

narrow groove on the cylindrical surface of the

Work peace .

Tool – grooving tool Feed – cross feed

Parting

Parting is the process of cutting the work

peace in to two parts. Tool – parting tool Feed – cross feed

Knurling is the process of embossing a diamond shaped regular pattern on the surface of work piece

Knurling operation performed for producing

proper grip as compared to smooth surface

Tool – knurling tool

Feed – longitudinal feed

Knurling

Drilling

Drilling is the process of producing a cylindrical hole in the work peace.

Tool – drilling tool

Boring

Boring is done to enlarge the already drilled hole &

boring them to exact size.

Tool – boring tool

Reaming

• Reaming is a finishing operation because a very small amount of material is removed during operation.

• Tool -reaming tool

THREADING

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