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Mac IntegrationBasics 10.6Adding a Mac to a Windows or other

Standards-based Network


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KApple Inc. 2011 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.

Apple, the Apple logo, iCal, iPhone, iPhoto, iPod, iTunes,Keynote, Mac, Macintosh, Mac OS, Numbers, Pages,

Safari, and Spotlight are trademarks of Apple Inc.,

registered in the U.S. and other countries.

MobileMe is a service mark of Apple Inc.

Adobe and PostScript are trademarks or registered

trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the U.S.

and/or other countries.

Bluetooth is a registered trademark owned by BluetoothSIG, Inc.

UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in

the U.S. and other countries.

Other company and product names mentioned herein

are trademarks of their respective companies. Mention

of third-party products is for informational purposes

only and constitutes neither an endorsement nor a

recommendation. Apple assumes no responsibility with

regard to the performance or use of these products.

Mention of third-party products is for informational

purposes only and constitutes neither an endorsement

nor a recommendation. Apple assumes no responsibility

with regard to the performance or use of these

products. All understandings, agreements, or warranties,

if any, take place directly between the vendors and the

prospective users. Every eort has been made to ensure

that the information in this manual is accurate. Apple is

not responsible for printing or clerical errors.

Every eort has been made to ensure that the

information in this manual is accurate. Apple is not

responsible for printing or clerical errors.

Because Apple periodically releases new versions and

updates to its software, images shown in this book may

be dierent from what you see on your screen.

02-25-2011


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5 Chapter 1: Introduction5 Overview

5 Prerequisite Knowledge

6 Chapter 2: Network Accounts6 Conguring a Mac to Connect to a Network Account Server

11 Using Network Accounts

12 Summary

12 For Additional Information

13 Chapter 3: File Sharing13 Connecting to File Servers

16 Personal File Sharing

19 Summary


20 Chapter 4: Email, Calendars, and Contacts

20 Email20 Connecting to an Exchange 2007 Server

22 Email with POP and IMAP Servers

24 Contacts

25 Calendars

28 Summary


29 Chapter 5: Security29 User Account Security

29 Choosing a Password

31 Locking the Computer Screen

32 Disabling Automatic Login

32 FileVault

35 System Security

35 Firmware Password

36 Antivirus Protection

3

Contents


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4 Contents

37 Network Security

37 Mac OS X Firewall

40 Virtual Private Network

43 Summary


44 Chapter 6: Printing from Mac OS X Computers44 Connecting to a USB Printer

47 Printing to a Network Printer

52 Working with PPD les

53 Summary


54 Chapter 7: Instant Messaging54 Conguring iChat

57 Other Instant Messaging Services

63 Summary


64 Chapter 8: Data Management and Backup64 Migrating Data from Windows to a Mac64 Copying Files to External Storage

65 Migrating Files Via Email

65 Backing Up Data

65 Backing Up Data with Time Machine

68 Alternate Backup Methods

69 Summary


70 Chapter 9: Cross-platform Compatibility70 Cross-platform Compatibility

72 Running Windows on a Mac

72 Boot Camp

75 Virtualization

75 Summary75 For Additional Information

76 Chapter 10: Additional Resources76 Mac Integration Basics Exam

76 Mac OS X Training & Certication

76 Mac OS X Courses

77 Mac OS X Certications

77 Books

78 Support


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5

OverviewThis guide is designed for individuals bringing a Mac computer into a small business

environment that is predominantly Windows-based. Windows Small Business Server

is most likely the server being used. The guide is also for users replacing a Windows

computer with a Mac, and for reference by system administrators supporting the

above users.

In this guide youll learn all the dierent ways you can integrate a Mac within your

organizations network environment including how to congure your Mac to work

with Active Directory, and how to take advantage of network services, le sharing,printing, instant messaging, emailing, calendars and contacts.

Youll also learn about security at the user, local network, and remote networking

levels. Youll learn about data management, both migrating your data from a Windows

computer as well as backing up your important data. Finally youll learn how to

run Windows programs directly on your Mac, giving you total compatibility and

interoperability with colleagues using Windows.

Prerequisite KnowledgeThis material assumes you have a basic understanding of Mac OS X skills and

terminology. If you are new to the Mac, you should review one of two online Apple

Support resources that provide an introduction to using the Mac:

Switch 101 Designed for a PC user who has just switched to the Mac and wants to

nd out how to adapt old working habits to the Mac OS. Switch 101 is located online athttp://www.apple.com/support/switch101/ .

Mac 101 Written for those that are new to computers or simply need a refresher

course on how to get the most out of a Mac. Mac 101 is located online at http://www.

apple.com/support/mac101/.

1Introduction
http://www.apple.com/support/switch101/http://www.apple.com/support/mac101/http://www.apple.com/support/mac101/http://www.apple.com/support/mac101/http://www.apple.com/support/mac101/http://www.apple.com/support/switch101/


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6

Microsoft Small Business Server and Windows Server use Active Directory to provide

accounts, authentication and shared services for network users. Open Directory is

another directory server implementation which enables the use of LDAP directoryservices. Whatever directory service protocol your organization uses, Mac users

can eortlessly join existing networks and adhere to enterprise policies for strong

authentication and password-protected access to network resources. Adding a Mac to

a network with directory services is a simple process thanks to the network account

support built into Mac OS X Snow Leopard.

Conguring a Mac to Connect to a Network Account ServerTo allow your Mac to use a network account, you must rst congure it to connect to a

directory server. This conguration process is known as binding.

Binding is accomplished in the Accounts pane of System Preferences. Youll need to

authenticate as an administrator user to initiate the process. In the next steps youll

learn how to bind to an Active Directory server and an Open Directory/LDAP server.

Bind to an Active Directory server:

Before you bind a Mac to an Active Directory server, youll need the following pieces of

information from the server administrator:

The domain name, typically expressed in the format: example.com.

An administrator user name.

An administrator password.

Note: Your server administrator may also specify the ID your computer should use.

2Network Accounts


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Chapter 2 Network Accounts 7

To bind a Mac to an Active Directory server, follow these steps:

1 Open System Preferences by either clicking the System Preferences icon in the Dock,

or choosing System Preferences from the Apple menu.

2 Click Accounts.

3 Click Login Options.


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4 Click the Join button.

If youve previously joined a directory server, click the Edit button instead of the

Join button. In the dialog that appears, click the Add (+) button beneath the list of

previously joined servers.

5 Enter the Active Directory domain name provided by your server administrator.

The dialog window will expand to include the Active Directory settings.

6 Enter the Active Directory user name and password provided by your server

administrator.

8 Chapter 2 Network Accounts


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7 Optionally edit the ID you want Active Directory to use for your server.

The Client Computer ID is preset to the name of the computer. (This is the same

name the Mac uses in the Sharing preferences.) You can change this to conform to

your organizations established scheme for naming computers in the Active Directory

domain. If youre not sure, consult the server administrator.

8 Click OK.

This creates a record for your Mac in the Active Directory domain.

Bind to an Open Directory/LDAP server:

When adding an Open Directory server, you must know the server name or IP address

and whether the server requires the secure sockets layer (SSL) protocol.

1 Open System Preferences and click Accounts.

2 If the Lock icon is locked, unlock it by clicking it and entering the name and password

of an administrator account.


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4 Click the Join button.If youve previously joined a directory server, click the Edit button instead of the

Join button. In the dialog that appears, click the Add (+) button beneath the list of

previously joined servers.

5 You can choose a server from the pop-up menu or manually enter the servers domain

name (or IP address).



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6 If your server administrator said SSL is required, select the Require secure connection

(SSL) checkbox.

7 Click Done to return to the Accounts pane.

Youve bound your Mac to an LDAP server.

Using Network AccountsNow that youve congured the Mac to connect to a directory server, you can log into

your Mac using your network user account.

Before you can log in, youll need to get a network account user name and password

from the server administrator. For Active Directory accounts, user name can be in one

of three formats:

shortname

[email protected]

DOMAIN\shortname

Log in using a network account:

1 If youre currently logged in on your Mac, log out by choosing Log Out from the Apple

menu.

Mac OS X will log out and a login window will list all of the local user accounts,

followed by Other.

2 Click Other and enter the network account user name and password as provided by

your server administrator.

3 Click the Log In button.

Youre now logged into your Mac using the account you provided by the directory

server. Your Mac system is now fully integrated into the network.


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SummaryIn this chapter youve learned the steps for setting up a Mac to connect to a directory

server. Based on what youve learned, you should be able to perform these tasks:

Obtain the information from the directory server administrator necessary to bind a

Mac to a directory server.

Bind a Mac to a directory server.

Log into a Mac with a network user account.

After completing these steps, your Mac can take advantage of user authentication and

network resources that are provided by your organizations directory server. Mac OS X

includes built-in support makes this process simple and easy.

For Additional InformationThe following resources provide more information about conguring Mac OS X to

connect to directory servers:

Managing Directory Clients Using Accounts Preferences in Mac OS X Server:

Open Directory Administration at http://www.apple.com/server/macosx/resources/

documentation.html Network Services in Mac OS X Support Essentials v10.6, Peachpit Press, 2010

http://www.apple.com/server/macosx/resources/documentation.htmlhttp://www.apple.com/server/macosx/resources/documentation.htmlhttp://www.apple.com/server/macosx/resources/documentation.htmlhttp://www.apple.com/server/macosx/resources/documentation.html


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13

Organizations constantly share les and resources across networked computers.

Mac OS X Snow Leopard supports a wide variety of the most popular le server

protocols. In this chapter youll learn rst how to connect your Mac to le servers ondierent networks. Then youll learn how to congure Personal File sharing to allow

other network users to access les on your Mac.

Connecting to File ServersYou can connect to Mac and Windows computers that have le sharing turned on, as

well as le servers using the AFP, SMB/CIFS, NFS, WebDAV, and FTP protocols. To accessshared les stored on le servers on your network, you can either browse for the server

by name in a Finder window, or enter its IP address directly.

In some cases, you may also need to know the network area or workgroup the

server is located in. To connect directly to a le server, youll also need the servers IP

address. Youll need to obtain an authorized user name and password from the server

administrator to access network le servers.

Browse for le servers:

1 In the Finder, choose Go > Connect to Server, and then click Browse.

2 Search for the servers name.

3File Sharing


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3 When you locate the desired shared computer or server, select it and click Connect As.

4 Choose to Connect as a Registered User and enter the user name and password you

were provided by the server administrator.

Note: To make it easier to connect to the server in the future, select Remember thispassword in my keychain to add your user name and password for the computer to

your keychain. This adds the authorized user name and password for the le server

to your keychain on your Mac. Next time you want to connect to this le server, your

authorization information will be remembered, and youll gain access automatically.

14 Chapter 3 File Sharing


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Chapter 3 File Sharing 15

Connect directly to Windows le servers:

1 In the Finder, choose Go > Connect to Server.

2 Type the network address for the computer or server in the Server Address eld using

one of these formats:

smb://DNSname/sharename

smb://IPaddress/sharename

where DNSname is the domain name of the server, IPaddess is the servers IP address,

and sharename is name of the shared volume to be mounted.

Note: SMB stands for the Server Message Block protocol used mainly by Windows

computers to provide shared network access. SMB is also known as the Common

Internet File System or CIFS.

If you have connected to the le server recently, you can also choose it from the

Recent Servers pop-up menu. To add a computer or server to your Favorite Servers list,

click the Add (+) button after entering the address. If you have added a server to the

Favorite Servers list, you can double-click the servers address in the list.

3 Click Connect.

4 Choose to Connect as a Registered User and enter the user name and password youwere provided by the server administrator.

Youve now congured your Mac to access les stored on network le servers. You

may also want to set up your Mac to allow other network users to access your les

with Personal File sharing. The next section will show you how to enable Personal File

sharing on your Mac.


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Personal File SharingTo allow other network users to connect to your Mac, you have to turn on le sharing

in System Preferences. You may want to create a special le sharing account on your

Mac, to maintain the security of your unshared les. Youll need to give these pieces of

information to the users who you want to authorize to share your les: The IP or Bonjour (Macs auto network discovery feature) address of your Mac

The user account name on your Mac for which youve turned on le sharing

The user account password for the le sharing account on your Mac

Note: If you want to use a user account that existed before you installed the latest

version of Mac OS X, you may need to reset the password for the account in Accounts

preferences.

Before you set up sharing you should choose which folders to share with network

users and which permissions theyll have. By default, the Mac administrator account

has full read and write access while all others have only read access.

Select which folders to share:

1 Choose Apple menu > System Preferences and click Sharing.

2 Select File Sharing in the list.

3 Click the Add (+) button under Shared Folders to select folders you want other

network users to be able to access.

You may want to begin by sharing your Public folder.



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4 Click the Add (+) button under Users to choose which users have specic privileges for

shared folders.

5 Next to each user to whom youve granted access, click the default Read Only privilege

to view other privilege options. You can change users privileges to Write Only or Read

& Write.6 Give authorized users your computers IP or Bonjour address and the user name and

password they should use to share les with your computer. Your computers Bonjour

address is visible in the Sharing pane.

Now that youve granted access to users and congured your folder permissions, you

can enable le sharing over File Transfer Protocol (FTP) or SMB. Mac OS X uses SMB

to share les with Windows users and FTP sharing for non-Windows users. In the

following section youll learn how to enable SMB sharing on your Mac, then youll learn

how to enable FTP sharing.

Enable Personal File sharing for Windows users:


2 Select File Sharing in the list, then click Options.

3 Select Share les and folders using SMB.

4 Select the checkbox next to the user account that will be used to share les with

Windows users, then enter the password for that user and click OK.


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To help keep your computer secure, you may want to create a special account for

Windows users in Accounts preferences.

Note: Because the passwords of user accounts used for Windows sharing may be

stored in a less secure manner, turn o the account when it is not being used. Before

you turn o Windows sharing, turn o all the accounts you enabled. Otherwise thepasswords are still stored less securely.

5 Click Done.

Youve now enabled access to your les for Windows users using the SMB protocol.

You may also want to share les with non-Windows computers. For those users you

can use your computers built-in FTP server to provide an alternate way for people to

access your computer.

Enable FTP access to your computer:

You can use your computers built-in File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server to provide an

alternative way for people to access your computer.


2 Select File Sharing in the list.

3 Click Options.



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4 Select the Share les and folders using FTP checkbox.

When FTP access is turned on, users with accounts on your Mac can access les and

folders on it using a web browser or FTP client software.

Note: When users log in or transfer les using FTP, these connections are notencrypted, so they are less secure.

Congratulations, youve enabled Personal File sharing on your Mac for Windows and

non-Windows computers. Authorized network users can now access the les and

volumes you chose to share.

SummaryIn this chapter youve learned the steps for sharing les to and from a Mac with

network le servers. Based on what youve learned, you should be able to perform

these tasks:

Access shared les on a network using a Mac via browsing and direct connection.

Set up folder and user permissions for Personal File sharing.

Enable Personal File sharing over SMB and FTP on a Mac. Provide network users with a user name and password allowing them to access les

that are on your Mac.

For Additional InformationThe following resource provides more information about conguring Mac OS X to

connect to le servers and share les:

Network Services in Mac OS X Support Essentials v10.6, Peachpit Press, 2010


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20

Mac OS X has out-of-the-box support for email, contacts, and calendar using

standards-based servers including Microsoft Exchange Server 2007, POP, SMTP and

more. Mac OS X Snow Leopard lets you easily connect directly to shared services suchas email, calendar invitations, and Global Address Lists. Youll use Mail, iCal, and Address

Book and take advantage of powerful Mac features including Spotlight, Quick Look,

data detectors, and more.

In this chapter, youll learn how to congure the Mac OS X Mail application to send

and receive email via common server types. Then youll learn how to congure

Address Book to access shared contacts. Finally, youll learn how to congure iCal to

access shared calendar services.

EmailIn this chapter youll learn how to set up Mac OS X Mail to connect directly to an

Exchange server, then youll learn how to connect to common non-Windows mail

servers.

Connecting to an Exchange 2007 ServerTo connect a Mac to an Exchange server, youll need the following pieces of

information from the server administrator:

The fully qualied domain name for the organizations Client Access Server (CAS),

typically expressed in the format: exchange01.example.com.

The Exchange user name, which is generated by the administrator for each

individual user. The Exchange password, which is also generated for each user.

Once you have the required information from the server administrator, you can

proceed to the next step and congure your Mac for use with Exchange. You can

accomplish this either via the Autodiscover service, if its been enabled, or manually.

4Email, Calendars, and Contacts


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Chapter 4 Email, Calendars, and Contacts 21

To connect to an Exchange server with Autodiscover enabled:

m The easiest way to set up Mail, Address Book, and iCal to access Exchange is the

Exchange Autodiscover service. If this feature is enabled, simply open the Add Account

pane in Mail and enter your Exchange email address and password.

Mail uses the Autodiscover service in Exchange to obtain the relevant information andyou can start using Exchange services immediately. If Autodiscover is not enabled on

the Exchange Server, use the following steps to manually congure your account.

Manually congure Mail for an Exchange 2007 account:

1 In Mail, choose Mail > Preferences, then click Accounts.

2 Click the Add (+) button in the lower-left corner to add a new account.

3 Choose Exchange 2007 from the Account Type pop-up menu.4 Enter a description for the account (for example, Work or Exchange).

5 Enter the fully qualied domain name for the organizations Exchange Client Access

Server.

6 Enter the Exchange user name and password provided by the server administrator.

7 Make sure the Address Book and iCal checkboxes are selected to automatically set up

those applications.


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If you were not able to congure Address Book and iCal automatically during this

process, see the upcoming sections for additional manual conguration steps.

Note: To access an Exchange 2007 server with a Mac from outside the organizations

network, conrm with the server administrator that port 443 is open and Exchange

Web Services (EWS) is enabled.

Youve now congured Mail for use with Exchange 2007. You can conrm this by

checking your email and sending email to a colleague from your newly enabled

Exchange account.

Email with POP and IMAP ServersIf your organization uses a non-Windows server to administer email services you

can also easily congure Mail for access. Common mail server protocols include, Post

Oce Protocol (POP) and Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) which allow client

computers to access messages on the mail server, and Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

(SMTP) for sending messages. Mac OS X Snow Leopard includes the Automatically

set up account option. This option congures email settings for many popular email

service providers.

Note: If this option is not present, that means the email service provider you have

entered is not recognized. Make sure the domain (the part after the @ symbol) is

spelled correctly. If the domain is spelled correctly, you will need to manually congure

the account in Mail.

Congure Mail to automatically connect to common email services:

1 Open Mail.

2 If the Welcome to Mail assistant does not appear, choose Add Account from the File

menu.

3 Fill in the full name, email address, and password you should have received from your

email service provider.

4 Select Automatically set up account.

5 Click Create to complete the process.

22 Chapter 4 Email, Calendars, and Contacts


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To manually congure Mail:

Before proceeding with manual email setup, youll need to obtain your user name,

password, account type, security settings, and incoming and outgoing mail servers

from your email service provider.

1 Open Mail.2 If the Welcome to Mail assistant does not appear, choose File > Add Account.

3 Fill in the full name, email address, and password from your email service provider.

4 Deselect Automatically set up account if it is enabled. Click Continue to proceed.

5 Choose the proper Account Type. This is the protocol the email service uses such as

IMAP, POP, etc.

6 Give the account a useful description.7 Enter your Incoming Mail Server, User Name and Password. Click Continue to proceed.

8 If prompted, enter your Incoming Mail Security settings. Click Continue to proceed.

9 For Outgoing Mail Server, choose a useful description.

10 Enter the Outgoing Mail Server details.

11 If necessary, select Use Authentication and enter your user name and password. Click

Continue to proceed.

12 If prompted, enter your Outgoing Mail Security settings. Click Continue to proceed.

13 Verify your settings in the Account Summary. Check Take account online.

14 Click Create to complete the process.

Congratulations, youve congured Mail for use with a variety of common mail server

protocols. You can conrm this by checking your email as well as sending a test email

to yourself or a colleague.


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ContactsAddress Book contacts can be automatically set up for use with Exchange as part

of the Mail conguration steps described in the Email section, but you might need

to congure them manually. This may be necessary, for example, if youre not using

Mac OS X Mail with Exchange but you still want to synchronize your contacts with

Exchange.

Add an Exchange 2007 account in Address Book:

1 Open Address Book, go to Address Book > Preferences and then click the Accounts tab.

2 Click the Add (+) button in the lower-left corner to add an account.

3 Choose Exchange 2007 from the Account Type pop-up menu and enter the Exchange

user name and password provided by the server administrator.

4 Click the Create button to create the account and return to the Accounts window.


Y d Add B k f ith E h H i t


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Youve congured Address Book for use with Exchange. Having access to your pre-

existing contacts can greatly increase your productivity and ease your transition to

the Mac. The next section explains how to congure iCal for use with shared calendar

services.

CalendarsiCal on your Mac includes the ability to view real-time availability of co-workers and

conference rooms in the Global Address List, and to autocomplete their names when

you invite them to meetings. You can also receive and act on meeting invitations in

email, and you can send invitations to people outside your organization using email.

In this section youll learn how to set up an Exchange account in iCal. Then youll learn

how to congure iCal for use with other calendar services including Google and Yahoo.

Add an Exchange 2007 account in iCal:

iCal can be automatically set up for use with Exchange 2007 as part of the Mail

conguration steps described in the Email section, but you might need to do this

manually.

1 Open iCal.

2 Choose iCal > Preferences and click Accounts.

3 To add a new account click the Add (+) button in the lower left corner


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3 To add a new account, click the Add (+) button in the lower-left corner.

4 Choose Exchange 2007 from the Account Type pull down menu and enter the

Exchange user name and password provided by the server administrator.

Congure iCal for Google Calendar:

To use iCal with Google Calendar, youll rst need to sign up for a free Google account.After youve established a Google account and created a calendar, conrm that sharing

is enabled in the online calendar settings before proceeding to the following steps.

1 Open iCal.

2 Choose iCal > Preferences and click Accounts.


3 To add a new account click the Add (+) button in the lower-left corner


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3 To add a new account, click the Add (+) button in the lower left corner.

4 Choose Google for the account type and enter the email address and password you

use to access your Google account.

5 Click the Create button to create the account and return to the Accounts window.

6 Click the Delegation tab and select any desired additional calendars from your Google

account.

Congure iCal for Yahoo! Calendar:

To use iCal with Yahoo Calendar, youll rst need to sign up for a free Yahoo! account.

After youve established a Yahoo! account and created a calendar, conrm that sharing

is enabled in the online calendar settings before proceeding to the following steps.

1 Open iCal.

2 Choose iCal > Preferences and click the Accounts tab.

3 Click the Add (+) button in the lower-left corner.


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3 Click the Add (+) button in the lower left corner.

4 Choose Yahoo! for the account type and enter the email address and password you

use to access Yahoo! Calendar.

Congratulations, youve congured iCal for use with a variety of standards-based

calendar services. Test out the conguration by selecting Calendar > Refresh All, which

which initiates a download of the latest versions of all your shared calendars.

SummaryIn this chapter you learned how to congure a Mac to access server-based mail,

calendar, and address book services. Based on what youve learned, you should be able

to perform the following tasks:

Congure the Mac OS X Mail application to send and receive email using various

types of mail servers.

Congure the Address Book application to access shared contacts on an Exchange

2007 server.

Congure the iCal application to access shared calendar services including

Exchange, Google Calendar and Yahoo.

For Additional InformationThe following resource provides more information about conguring Mac OS X to

connect to a network server to access mail, calendar, and address book services:

Additional information about setting up Yahoo email accounts, http://support.apple.

com/kb/HT3376.


5Security
http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3376http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3376http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3376http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3376


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29

Mac OS X Snow Leopard oers strong, easy to use tools for all key aspects of network

and computer security. Strong security is important to maintain at every level

including protecting your user data, protecting the Mac system as a whole, andnetwork security. Security is a complex topic and this is not a comprehensive guide, so

please consult the additional resources at the end of the section for more information.

In this chapter youll secure your user data by choosing a strong password, conguring

your home folder permissions, and enabling File Vault. Next youll protect your Mac

system by setting a rmware password and enabling antivirus software. Finally, youll

enable network security by conguring the Mac OS X rewall and VPN access services.

User Account Security

Choosing a PasswordIts important for everyone to create strong passwords in a corporate work

environment. A weak password can be compromised and allowing access to your

Mac, your les, your personal email account as well as sensitive company data. The

password you choose is very important for your computers security, as it will be used

to install software, set up accounts, access the keychain utility, and log onto your

computer.

The most secure passwords are created from a combination of random uppercase

letters, lowercase letters, special characters (such as $@!#) and numbers. For example,

L1quid$m0ke is a good password because its a long, easily remembered, uncommon

phrase with letters replaced by special characters and numbers.

Snow Leopard includes Password Assistant, an application that analyzes the

complexity of a password or generates a complex password for you. You can specify

the length and type of password youd like to generate.

5Security

You can choose from the following methods for setting a password:


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Manual You enter a password, and then Password Assistant reports the robustness

of that password to you on a Quality bar. If the password is weak, Password Assistant

oers tips for increasing the quality of the password.

Memorable You adjust the passwords Length setting, and then Password Assistantgenerates a list of memorable passwords in the Suggestion menu.

Letters & Numbers You adjust the passwords Length setting, and then Password

Assistant generates a list of passwords with a combination of letters and numbers.

Numbers Only You adjust the passwords Length setting, and then Password Assistant

generates a list of passwords containing only numbers.

Random You adjust the passwords Length setting, and then Password Assistantgenerates a list of passwords containing random characters.

FIPS-181 compliant You adjust the passwords Length, and then Password Assistant

generates a password that is FIPS-181 compliant (which includes mixed upper and

lowercase, punctuation, and numbers). For example, you can create a randomly-

generated password or a FIPS-181 compliant password that is 12 characters long.

Use Password Assistant to create a password:1 Choose Apple menu > System Preferences, click Accounts, and then click the Change

Password button.

2 Open the Password Assistant by clicking the key button to the right of the New

Password eld.

3 From the Type pop-up menu, choose Memorable, Manual, or the type of password that

most closely aligns with your companys security standards.

You can also choose the number of characters youd like for an automatically

generated password by moving the Length slider to the left or right.

30 Chapter 5 Security

4 Click the the Change Password button.


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Chapter 5 Security 31

By setting a strong password youve protected your personal data from unauthorized

access.

Locking the Computer ScreenIf you want to stay logged in to your computer while you are away from it, but need

to prevent others from using it, you can lock the screen. When you return to the

computer, type your login name and password to continue working.

Congure your computer to require authentication to wake your computer:

1 Choose Apple menu > System Preferences, click Security, and then click General.2 Select Require password... after sleep or screen saver begins.

You can adjust the length of the delay before a password is required in the pop-up

menu.

People with administrator accounts can use their names and passwords to unlock the

screen.

Locking the screen doesnt prevent other users from turning o the computer and

restarting it, and then logging in to their own account. If you think this could happen,

be sure to save your work before you leave your computer.

To lock your screen quickly when fast user switching enabled, choose Login Window

from the menu with your user name. Your applications will remain open and

undisturbed, but your computer will be locked.

Disabling Automatic Login


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If your computer starts up without displaying the login window, its set up to log in to

a specied user account automatically. When a computer is shared by multiple users,

it is best to set up a unique account for each user and disable automatic login. Using

separate accounts protects each users information and makes the computer more

secure.

Important: Because automatic login allows anyone to access your Mac simply by

restarting it, disable automatic login to keep your computer secure. If automatic login

is enabled, make sure the computer does not automatically log in to an account with

administrator privileges.

Turn o automatic login:

1 Choose Apple menu > System Preferences and click Accounts.

2 Click the lock icon to unlock it, and then type an administrator name and password.


4 Choose O from the Automatic login pop-up menu.

The next time you start up your computer, the login window will appear and a user

name and password will be required to log in.

FileVaultFileVault stores your home folder in an encrypted disk image. Encryption scrambles

the data in your home folder so that unauthorized users, applications, or utilities cant

access your data without your password or the master password.

In this section, youll congure FileVault during which youll set a master password, a

password used to reset the login password of any account. To congure FileVault, youmust authenticate with an administrator account.

Before you begin, make sure you have enough free space on the hard disk that

contains your home folder. You need as least as much free space as your home folder

currently occupies. For example, if your home folder uses 20 MB, make sure you

have at least 20 MB of available space. This space is needed temporarily during the

encryption process.


Set up FileVault:

1 L i i h h i Fil V l


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1 Log in with the account you want to protect using FileVault.

Note: FileVault can encrypt the home folder for standard and administrator accounts.

2 Choose Apple menu > System Preferences and click Security.

3 Open the FileVault pane of Security preferences.

4 If the Security preferences pane is locked, click the lock icon, and then authenticate as

an administrator


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an administrator.

5 If the Security preferences pane shows that a master password hasnt been set, click

Set Master Password, and then type a password in the Master Password eld.

The master password is used to reset the login password of any account, even if the

account is protected by FileVault.

6 Type the password again in the Verify box.

7 Type a hint in the Hint box to help you remember the password.

WARNING: Dont forget your master password. If you turn on FileVault and then

forget both your login password and your master password, you wont be able to log

in to your account, and your les and settings will be lost forever.


8 Click OK.

9 Cli k T O Fil V l


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9 Click Turn On FileVault.

Youve set up FileVault and secured the contents of your home folder. With FileVaults

encryption and a strong master password, your home folder data will be useless to

unauthorized users even if theyve gained physical access to your computer and harddrive.

System SecuritySecurity goes beyond settings passwords and encrypting data. Mac OS X supports

additional methods to secure the system itself. Setting a rmware password helps

prevent circumvention of the OS-level security through an unauthorized boot device.Antivirus protection helps insure that any viruses that might come from other

operating systems on the network wont threaten your data.

Firmware PasswordYou can congure a rmware password to enable low-level hardware protection for

your Mac. A rmware password helps prevent unauthorized users from booting your

Mac from an external hard disk, optical disc, or USB key drive. In order to complete this

process youll need the Snow Leopard Install DVD.

Set a rmware password:

1 Log in with an administrator account and open the Firmware Password Utility (located

on the Mac OS X installation disc in /Applications/Utilities/).

2 Click the Require password to change Open Firmware settings checkbox.

3 Enter a password in the Password and Verify elds.

4 Click OK. A conrmation appears.

5 Click the lock icon to prevent further changes.

You can test your settings by attempting to start up in single-user mode. Restart

the Mac while holding down the Command and S keys. If the Mac displays the login

window after starting up, changes made by the Firmware Password Utility were

successful.

Reset a rmware password:

To reset a lost or forgotten Firmware Password, access to the inside of the Mac is


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To reset a lost or forgotten Firmware Password, access to the inside of the Mac is

required (just like resetting a PC BIOS password requires removing the on-board

battery).

1 Shut down the Mac.

2 Change the memory conguration by adding or removing RAM.

3 Start up the Mac.

This will clear the rmware password.

4 Shut the Mac down again.

5 Return the RAM to its original conguration.

6 Start up the Mac.

Note: For information on recovering a lost rmware password on a MacBook Air (Late

2010), refer to http://support.apple.com/kb/TS3554.

Antivirus ProtectionWith virtually no eort on your part, Mac OS X oers a multilayered system of defenses

against viruses and other malicious applications, or malware. For example, it prevents

hackers from harming your programs through a technique called sandboxing

restricting what actions programs can perform on your Mac, what les they can access,

and what other programs they can launch. Other automatic security features include

Library Randomization, which prevents malicious commands from nding their

targets, and Execute Disable, which protects the memory in your Mac from attacks.

Viruses are uncommon in Mac OS X, but it s good policy to remain vigilant, especially

when exchanging les with computers using other operating systems. Regular use ofcommercial antivirus software such as Norton Antivirus or Intego VirusBarrier can help

prevent forwarding of viruses.


Network SecurityIn addition to user account and system security network security is also very
http://support.apple.com/kb/TS3554http://support.apple.com/kb/TS3554


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In addition to user account and system security, network security is also very

important to organizations. The Mac OS X rewall protects your Mac from

unauthorized incoming access from other systems on both a local network and the

Internet. The virtual private networking (VPN) service provides a secure method for

your computer to remotely access networks.

Mac OS X FirewallThe Mac OS X personal rewall can be used to block unwanted incoming connections

to your computer. A rewall protects the services on your computer from other

computers on the network or Internet. Services that were turned on in Sharing

preferences already appear in the list of services to which other computers can

connect. To prevent incoming connections from one of these services, you must turno the service in Sharing preferences.

Enable the Mac OS X rewall:

1 Choose Apple menu > System Preferences, and then click Security.

2 Click the Firewall tab.


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3 Click the lock in the lower-left corner and enter the administrator user name and

password.

4 Click Start to enable the rewall.


Congure advanced rewall options:

1 While in the Firewall pane of Security System Preferences, click Advanced.


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2 Youll have 3 advanced rewall options you can choose:

Select the Block all incoming connections checkbox to allow incoming connections

for basic Internet functions only. Youll still be able to check email and browse theweb but this mode will prevent all sharing services, such as File Sharing and Screen

Sharing found in the Sharing pane of System Preferences, from receiving incoming

connections. To use these services, disable this option.

Select the Automatically allow signed software to receive incoming connections

checkbox to allow applications that are already signed by a valid certicate

authority to be automatically added to the list of allowed applications, rather than

prompting you to authorize them. For example, since iTunes is already signed byApple, it will automatically be allowed to receive incoming connections through the

rewall.

Select the Enable stealth mode checkbox to prevent unauthorized or unexpected

incoming probes from receiving a response from your Mac. Your computer will

still answer requests coming in for authorized applications, but other unexpected

requests, such as network pings from other computers attempting to discover your

Mac, will not get a response.3 Click OK when youre done making changes to the advanced settings.

Youve congured the built-in rewall service and increased the security of incoming

network connections.

Virtual Private NetworkVirtual private network (VPN) access enables you to take advantage of network


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services while you are osite, and simultaneously prevents access by unauthorized

individuals. Mac OS X supports standards-based L2TP over IPSec, PPTP, and Cisco iPSec

protocols to provide encrypted VPN connections with a built-in VPN client. In order to

connect to a VPN, youll need to obtain the VPN server address, VPN type, VPN accountname, and user authentication information from the network administrator.

Set up a VPN connection:

1 Choose Apple menu > System Preferences, and then click Network.

2 Click the Add (+) button at the bottom of the network connection services list, and

then choose VPN from the Interface pop-up menu.


3 Choose what kind of VPN connection you want to set up from the VPN Type pop-up

menu and give the VPN service a name.


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4 Enter the server address and the account name for the VPN connection.

5 Click Authentication Settings, and enter the user authentication information.

6 Click OK, and then click Connect.


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7 Select Show VPN status in menu bar to use the VPN status icon to connect to the

network and switch between VPN services.

Youve congured your Mac to access a VPN, enabling you to connect remotely to your

organizations network while maintaining enhanced security.


SummaryIn this chapter youve learned the steps for securing a Mac at the user data, system

and network levels Based on what youve learned you should be able to perform the


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and network levels. Based on what youve learned, you should be able to perform the

following tasks:

Enable User Account security for your Mac using strong passwords.

Congure FileVault and set a master password to prevent unauthorized access to

the data within your home folder.

Set the rmware password for low-level system protection.

Congure the Mac OS X rewall to restrict incoming network access to services and

data by other computers.

Congure a Mac to securely access a remote network using the VPN service.

For Additional InformationThe following resources provide more information about Mac security:

Setting up frmware password protection in Mac OS X, http://support.apple.com/kb/

ht1352

User Accounts in Mac OS X Support Essentials v10.6, Peachpit Press, 2010

Virtual Private Networks, Mac OS X Security and Mobility v10.6, Peachpit Press, 2010

Mac OS X Security Guide for Mac OS X Version 10.6 Snow Leopard, Apple Inc., 2010 at

http://www.apple.com/support/security/guides/

6Printing from Mac OS X Computers
http://support.apple.com/kb/ht1352http://support.apple.com/kb/ht1352http://www.apple.com/support/security/guides/http://www.apple.com/support/security/guides/http://support.apple.com/kb/ht1352http://support.apple.com/kb/ht1352


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44

Mac OS X Snow Leopard enables you to quickly connect and share local printers

as well as use remote printers on the network. Mac computers can share printing

resources with Windows computers with relative ease, making it much easier to ensure

that printers can be accessed by multiple platforms.

In this chapter youll learn how to congure your Mac to print to a locally connected

printer. Then youll learn how to share the printer with Windows and other network

users. Finally, youll learn how to set up your Mac to connect to network printers using

a variety of common printer protocols as well as how to optimize network printers.

Connecting to a USB PrinterBy default, Mac OS X Snow Leopard installs software supporting the printers currently

connected to your Mac, nearby printers on your network, and popular printer

and scanner models. To print to a locally connected printer, youll rst conrm its

connected to your computer, and then add it to your list of available printers.

Add a USB printer to your list of printers:

To print to a USB printer, rst make sure its connected to your computer, and then addit to your list of available printers. For most USB printers, the printer is added to the list

automatically when you connect it.

1 Follow the instructions that came with the printer to set it up and connect it to your

computer.

2 Open a document to print, and then choose File > Print.

3 Open the Printer pop-up menu and choose your printer.4 If you dont see your printer, choose Add Printer, and then click the More Printers

button.

If you dont see the More Printers button, contact your printers manufacturer for more

information.

6

5 Choose your printers type from the pop-up menu.

For example, if youre using an Epson USB printer, you may be able to choose Epson

USB


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Chapter 6 Printing from Mac OS X Computers 45

USB.

6 In the Printer Name column, select the printer, and then click Add.

Share your printer with Windows users using SMB:

You can share your USB printer with networked Windows users over the same SMB/

CIFS protocol you use to share les.

1 Choose Apple menu > System Preferences, and then click Sharing.

2 Select the Printer Sharing checkbox.

3 Select the printers you want to share.

4 Select the File Sharing checkbox.


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5 If you dont want to share a folder, select it in the Shared Folders list, and then pressthe Delete (-) button below the list.

You can delete all the folders if you only want to share your printer.

6 Click Options.

7 Select Share les and folders using SMB.

46 Chapter 6 Printing from Mac OS X Computers

8 Select the name of the account that will share the printer, and then enter the

password for that account.

9 Click the Done button and close the Sharing window.


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g

Youve shared your local printer with Windows and other users.

To print to your printer using SMB/CIFS, a user must be logged in to an administrator

account on a Windows computer, and then congure an SMB/CIFS network printer

to use the PostScript printer driver, even if the printer isnt a PostScript printer. Your

Mac will translate the PostScript data into data that is compatible with the printer. The

Windows user should see the Windows documentation for information about adding a

network printer.

Printing to a Network PrinterIn addition to connecting to local printers, Mac OS X can easily connect to a variety

of popular network printers. Many network printers oer built-in support for Bonjour

(Macs auto network discovery feature), enabling you to automatically add a network

printer using the same steps you used for adding a local printer in the previous

section.

To add an IP printer to your list of printers, you need to know the IP address or DNS

name of your network printer. You can also enter other helpful information about the

printer, such as its location and queue name. In this section youll rst learn how to

connect to a shared network printer. Then youll learn how to work with PostScript

Printer Description (PPD) les to get the most out of shared network printer features.

Connect to a network printer with LPR:

In mixed operating system organizations, Line Printer Remote (LPR) is one of the most

common network printer protocols. You can use Print & Fax preferences to add an LPR

i i li M k h h i IP dd DNS


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printer to a computers printer list. Make sure you have the printers IP address or DNS

name before proceeding.

1 Choose Apple menu > System Preferences and then click Print & Fax.

2 Click the Add (+) button to add a new printer.


3 Click the IP tab and choose Line Printer Daemon - LPD from the Protocol pop-up

menu.


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4 Enter the printers host name or IP address in the Address eld.

5 Enter the printers name.


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Optionally, you can enter where the printer is located in the Location eld.

6 Click the Add button.

7 Open any document and select File > Print.

You should see your new printer listed in the Printer pop-up menu.


Print to a printer shared by a Windows computer:

You can also print to a printer connected to a Windows computer if it supports SMB/

CIFS. The printers owner must set it up to be shared and use only the following

characters in the name of the printer and computer: A-Z a-z 0-9 ! $ * ( ) + - and


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characters in the name of the printer and computer: A Z, a z, 0 9, !, $, , (, ), _, +, , , and

. (period). If required, be sure to obtain the printers user name and password before

proceeding.1 Choose Apple menu > System Preferences and then click Print & Fax.

2 Click the Add (+) button to add a new printer.

3 Click the Windows tab.

4 Select the printer from the browser.

5 If prompted, enter the user name and password for the printer.

6 Enter the printers name and location.

7 Click the Add button.


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8 Open any document and select File > Print.

You should see the shared Windows printer listed in the Printer pop-up menu.

Working with PPD lesA PostScript Printer Description (PPD) le contains specialized information about a

specic printer model. You need the PPD le to take advantage of a printers special

features and capabilities. Without the correct PPD le, you cant do things such as

choose from multiple paper trays, use special paper sizes, or print on both sides of thepage. Mac OS X comes with PPD les already installed for most popular printers.

When you add a printer, Mac OS X chooses a PPD le for the printer automatically. You

can change the PPD le to one that you believe better describes your printer. You can

use a PPD that came with Mac OS X or download a PPD from the Internet.

Change the PPD le for a printer youve already added:

1 Choose Apple menu > System Preferences and click Print & Fax.

2 Select the printer from the list at the left, click Options & Supplies, and then click

Driver.


3 From the Print Using pop-up menu, choose one of the following:

To choose a PPD le that you downloaded, choose Other.

To choose a PPD le that came with Mac OS X, choose Select Printer Software.


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4 Choose the PPD le and click OK or Open

5 Make sure the options under the Print Using pop-up menu match your printersfeatures, and then click OK.

SummaryIn this chapter youve learned the dierent ways you can use a Mac with local and

network printers. Mac OS X includes full support for most popular printers. You can

usually add a USB printer just by connecting it to your Mac. Connecting to shared

network printers, including Windows printers is also simple and intuitive. Windows

users can print to a USB printer shared over a network by a Mac using the built-in

printer sharing capabilities of Mac OS X. Based on what youve learned, you should be

able to perform the following tasks:

Congure a Mac to print to a USB printer.

Share a local printer with network and Windows users.

Congure a Mac to print to a network or Windows printer. Congure a PPD le for use with a network printer.

For Additional InformationThe following resources provide more information about printing documents with a

Mac:

Peripherals and Printing in Mac OS X Support Essentials v10.6, Peachpit Press, 2010

Enterprise Printing with Mac OS Xat http://images.apple.com/business/solutions/it/

docs/L418078A-US_Enterprise_Printing_with_Mac_OS_X_Technical_White_Paper-1.

pdf

Print Server Administration Version 10.6 Snow Leopard, Apple Inc., 2010 at http://

images.apple.com/server/macosx/docs/Print_Server_Admin_v10.6.pdf

7Instant Messaging
http://images.apple.com/business/solutions/it/docs/L418078A-US_Enterprise_Printing_with_Mac_OS_X_Technical_White_Paper-1.pdfhttp://images.apple.com/business/solutions/it/docs/L418078A-US_Enterprise_Printing_with_Mac_OS_X_Technical_White_Paper-1.pdfhttp://images.apple.com/business/solutions/it/docs/L418078A-US_Enterprise_Printing_with_Mac_OS_X_Technical_White_Paper-1.pdfhttp://images.apple.com/server/macosx/docs/Print_Server_Admin_v10.6.pdfhttp://images.apple.com/server/macosx/docs/Print_Server_Admin_v10.6.pdfhttp://images.apple.com/server/macosx/docs/Print_Server_Admin_v10.6.pdfhttp://images.apple.com/server/macosx/docs/Print_Server_Admin_v10.6.pdfhttp://images.apple.com/business/solutions/it/docs/L418078A-US_Enterprise_Printing_with_Mac_OS_X_Technical_White_Paper-1.pdfhttp://images.apple.com/business/solutions/it/docs/L418078A-US_Enterprise_Printing_with_Mac_OS_X_Technical_White_Paper-1.pdfhttp://images.apple.com/business/solutions/it/docs/L418078A-US_Enterprise_Printing_with_Mac_OS_X_Technical_White_Paper-1.pdf


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54

Organizations use instant messaging to to keep local and remote team members

and leaders in contact with each other. iChat is the Mac OS X instant text messaging

application which includes support for MobileMe, .Mac, AIM, Jabber, and Google Talk

accounts. Your instant message appears in a window on your colleagues screen almost

as soon as you send it, so your colleague can respond right away. You can use iChat to

send les to people across the Internet or on your local network. You can also set up

audio and video chats to keep in touch with colleagues around the world.

iChat supports the Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) protocol

(also known as Jabber), enabling it to communicate directly with a variety of popular

messaging services. It also supports Bonjour for automatically discovering fellow iChat

users on your organizations network. iChat supports the high quality H.264/AVC codec

for video chats.

In this chapter youll learn how to set up a Mac for instant messaging with iChat and

MobileMe. Then youll learn how to use iChat with other popular instant messaging

services like AIM, Jabber, and Google Talk.

Conguring iChatThe MobileMe service enables you to exchange instant messages using iChat with

other MobileMe and .Mac users. Youll also be able to communicate with users of

America Online Instant Messenger (AIM).

Add a MobileMe account in iChat:

1 Open iChat from the Dock or the Applications folder


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Chapter 7 Instant Messaging 55

2 Choose iChat > Preferences and then click Accounts.

3 Click the Add (+) button.

4 Choose MobileMe from the Account Type menu.


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5 If you dont have a MobileMe account already, click the Get an iChat Account button

to sign up for one.

6 Enter your MobileMe account name and password.

56 Chapter 7 Instant Messaging

7 Click Done.

iChat should connect to the iChat service and you may see contacts with AIM or iChat

accounts from your Address Book already listed in your Buddies list. If you dont have

any contacts with AIM or iChat accounts, your Buddy list will be empty.


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a y co tacts t o C at accou ts, you Buddy st be e pty.

Youve congured iChat for instant messaging with MobileMe, enabling you to stay intouch with your colleagues in the same building or anywhere in the world.

Other Instant Messaging ServicesIn this section, youll congure iChat for use with a variety of other instant messaging

services, such as AIM, Jabber, and Google Talk.

Add an AIM account in iChat:

1 Open iChat from the Dock or the Applications folder.

2 Choose Preferences > Accounts.


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3 Click the Add (+) button.

4 Choose AIM from the Account Type menu.

5 If you dont have an AIM account already, click the Get an iChat Account button to

sign up for one. Youll be taken to the AOL website.


6 Enter your AIM Screen Name and password and click Done.


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iChat should log into the iChat service and youll see contacts with AIM or iChat

accounts from your Address Book automatically listed in your Buddies list.

Add a Jabber account in iChat:

A Jabber account can be congured to work with users of additional instant

messaging services such as Yahoo! Messenger, MSN Messenger and ICQ. For more

information on enabling your Jabber account for use with these messaging systems,

visit www.jabber.com. Your organization may also have its own Jabber server.


2 Choose Preferences > Accounts and click the Add (+) button.
http://www.jabber.com/http://www.jabber.com/


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3 Choose Jabber from the Account Type menu.

4 If you dont have a Jabber account already, visit www.jabber.com to sign up for one.


5 Enter your Jabber account name and password.


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6 If required, click the disclosure triangle next to Server Options and enter the Server

and Port you received with your Jabber registration.

7 Click Done.

Add a Google Talk account in iChat:


2 Choose Preferences > Accounts and click the Add (+) button.


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3 Choose Google Talk from the Account Type menu.

4 If you dont have a Google Talk account already, visit www.google.com to sign up forone.


5 Enter your Google account and password and click Done.


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Try adding Google Talk contacts to your Buddies list with Buddies > Add a Buddy to

conrm that the account is working.

Summary

In this chapter youve learned how to use instant messaging with your Mac, allowing

you to collaborate instantly with your colleagues. iChat oers support for leading

messaging services such as MobileMe and AIM. It can also be used with a variety

of additional popular services such as Jabber and Google Talk. The comprehensive

messaging support in Mac OS X ensures youll be able to communicate instantly withyour colleagues regardless of which operating system or messaging service they use.

Based on what youve learned, you should be able to perform the following tasks:

Congure iChat instant messaging for use with MobileMe.

Congure iChat for use with other messaging services like AIM, Jabber, and Google

Talk.

For Additional InformationThe following resource provides more information about instant messaging with a

Mac:

Helpful iChat articles and information, http://support.apple.com/kb/ht2008/

8Data Management and Backup
http://support.apple.com/kb/ht2008/http://support.apple.com/kb/ht2008/


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64

When you switch from a Windows computer to a Mac, you can transfer over many of

your PC les and use them just like you did before. Common Windows le formats

including text and PDF documents, images, audio and video les can be easily opened

in Mac OS X. The rst step is migrating your les from the Windows machine to yourMac.

In addition to migrating your data, its also important to protect your data. You should

make regular backups of your system and keep multiple backups of important les.

Your organization may have a specic backup policy you should adhere to, but even if

it doesnt, a personal backup strategy is always a good practice.

In this chapter youll learn how to migrate your Windows data to a Mac throughvarious transfer methods. Then youll learn how to set up a backup strategy to protect

your important data from potential loss.

Migrating Data from Windows to a MacYou can copy les from your PC onto external or removable storage media and then

use the media in your Mac. You can also send Windows les to your Mac over theInternet via email or connect the Mac and PC together through a network and use le

sharing.

Copying Files to External StorageAn external storage device or disc is useful for migrating a large amount of data from a

Windows computer to your Mac. If your Windows computer has a CD or DVD drive, or

a USB port, choose from these options:

Copy the les from the PC to an external hard drive or storage device, then

reconnect the drive to your Mac and transfer the les to your Mac hard drive.

Make sure the disk is initially formatted on the PC. Your Mac can read disks natively

formatted on a Windows computer, but not vice-versa.

Burn the les to a CD or DVD on your PC, and then use the discs in your Mac to

transfer the les to your computers hard drive.

Migrating Files Via EmailIf you have 5 MB or less of of data to transfer from your Windows computer, you can

send it over email.

To migrate les via email:

Follow these steps to migrate les from from a Windows computer to your Mac via


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Chapter 8 Data Management and Backup 65

Follow these steps to migrate les from from a Windows computer to your Mac via

email:

1 Create zip les for larger groups of les on the PC.

2 Mail all of your desired les from Windows to yourself.

3 Pick up the les you emailed using Mail on the Mac.

Backing Up DataFrequent backing up is the best way to protect your data against loss that may occuras a result of hardware failure, user error, data corruption, or even equipment theft.

Mac OS X Snow Leopard includes Time Machine, an application that can automatically

back up your system and your important, irreplaceable les to a hard disk or network

volume.

Backing Up Data with Time MachineTime Machine has an intuitive interface for restoring your les or your entire system.

In its default conguration, Time Machine keeps an up-to-date copy of the important

data on your Mac applications, digital photos, music, movies, documents, etc. You

can easily go back in time to restore les if you ever need to. Some le types are

ignored by Time Machine by default, such as Safari caches and certain basic system

les.

Setting up Time Machine is as easy as connecting an external USB, FireWire, or eSATAhard drive to your Mac. You can also use a secondary internal disk if your desktop Mac

has one (that is, a disk that your Mac computer doesnt use as a startup disk).

To congure Time Machine:

To set up Time Machine for the rst time, follow these steps:

1 Connect a FireWire or USB hard drive to the computer.

If you havent specied a backup disk yet, Time Machine asks if you would like to use

the newly connected disk as a backup drive.


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y p

2 Click Use as Backup Disk to conrm you want to use the disk for Time Machine

backups.

Time Machine preferences will then open with this disk selected as your backup

device.

Thats all you have to do for Time Machine to automatically back up your Mac. The rst

backup may take a while. You may want to set up Time Machine in the evening so

that the initial backup can be done overnight. By default, Time Machine keeps hourly

backups for the past 24 hours, daily backups for the past month, and weekly backups

until your backup drive is full.

66 Chapter 8 Data Management and Backup

To manually select a Time Machine backup disk:

You can manually select a Time Machine backup disk with the following steps:

1 Choose Apple menu > System Preferences and then click Time Machine.


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2 Click Select Backup Disk.

All suitable volumes, other than your startup disk, will be listed.

3 Choose a disk where backups will be stored, then click Use for Backup.

Alternate Backup MethodsIn addition to hard drives, you can also use alternate methods to back up your data,

including backing up to a networked server or to a cloud-based service such as

MobileMe.

To back up to a server:


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To back up to a disk on a network, the network server must use Apple File Protocol

(AFP) le sharing and both your computer and the network backup disk should

have Mac OS X 10.5.6 or later installed. To make the network server available to Time

Machine, make sure you have mounted it as a shared volume on your Mac with the Go

> Connect to Server command from the Finder before proceeding.

To back up to a network server, follow these steps:

1 Choose Apple menu > System Preferences and then click Time Machine.

2 Click Select Backup Disk.

3 Choose a network server where backups will be stored, then click Use for Backup.

68 Chapter 8 Data Management and Backup

An alternate method can be used if you have a network home folder set up at your

organization. Any les you store in your network home folder will get backed up, since

the servers les get backed up as network home folders reside on the server, not on

your local drive.

To back up to MobileMe:


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As a MobileMe subscriber, you can use the application Backup to back up importantles in your Home folder, such as les/folders on your desktop, or in your Documents,

Movies, Music, and Pictures folders. If you dont have Backup installed, you can

download it to your Mac from your iDisks Software folder.

Note: MobileMe Backup isnt intended for backing up your entire hard drive or les

that arent within your home folder. Usually, your home folder is where your most

important les are. Mac OS X and third-party applications can be reinstalled from

original discs or source image les if necessary.

SummaryIn this chapter you learned about data management and how to migrate your les

from a Windows computer in a variety of ways. You also learned how to back up your

information with your Mac and protect against data loss and potential nancial risk.

Time Machine makes the process highly intuitive.

Based on what youve learned, you should be able to perform these tasks:

Migrate data from a Windows computer to your Mac using external storage, email

or le sharing.

Migrate data from a Windows computer to your Mac using other methods.

Congure Time Machine for use with an external hard drive.

Back up data on a regular basis with Time Machine.

Back up data to a server or to cloud-based services such as MobileMe.

For Additional InformationThe following resources provide more information about data management and

backup with a Mac:

Mac 101: Time Machine, http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1427

Switch 101: Migrate your fles or your Windows system, http://support.apple.com/kb/

HT2518

MobileMe: Backup troubleshooting tips, http://support.apple.com/kb/TS1716

9Cross-platform Compatibility
http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1427http://support.apple.com/kb/HT2518http://support.apple.com/kb/HT2518http://support.apple.com/kb/TS1716http://support.apple.com/kb/TS1716http://support.apple.com/kb/HT2518http://support.apple.com/kb/HT2518http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1427


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70

Mac OS X enables you to seamlessly integrate your Mac into Windows and mixed

operating system network environments. You can use Microsoft Oce, connect to

most printers and cameras, join PC networks, and even run and even run Windows on

your Mac. With Snow Leopard, the Mac is the only computer with built-in support forthe latest version of Microsoft Exchange Server. So you can use your Mac with all the

features and applications you love at home and at work, and have all your messages,

meetings, and contacts in one place.

A native version of Microsoft Oce is available for Mac OS X, and it features a Mac-

friendly interface that lets you create documents with Word, presentations with

PowerPoint, and spreadsheets with Excel just like on a Windows PC. Your Mac is

compatible with Microsoft Oce for Windows, so you can easily share documents with

friends and colleagues. Even if you dont have Oce installed on your Mac, you can use

Quick Look to take a peek at Oce documents without having to open an application.

Mac OS X also oers OS-level support for key le types like PDF, TXT, JPEG, PNG and

even PSD.

Every new Mac lets you install Windows operating systems such as Vista and Windows

7 and run them at native speeds, using a built-in utility called Boot Camp. Setup issimple and safe for your Mac les. After youve completed the installation, you can

start up your Mac using either Mac OS X or Windows. Or if you want to run Windows

and Mac applications at the same time without restarting, you can install Windows

within Mac OS X using VMware or Parallels software.

In this chapter youll learn about applications available for both Mac and Windows.

Youll also learn about Mac applications with built-in support for Windows les. Then

youll learn how to set up your Mac to run Windows operating systems natively withBoot Camp, and virtually with VMware Fusion and Parallels Desktop.

Cross-platform CompatibilityYou can work with Windows les within Mac OS X using applications that are available

for both operating systems. Alternatively, many Mac-only applications can import les

formatted with Windows le formats.

Cross-platform applications

S ft d l i f th i li ti f b th Wi d d


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Chapter 9 Cross-platform Compatibility 71

Software developers oer versions of their applications for both Windows and

Mac OS X, in consideration of the mixed operating system environments deployed by

many organizations.

Available cross-platform productivity applications include:

Microsoft Oce, including Word, Excel, Entourage, Messenger and PowerPoint

Adobe Acrobat, Photoshop, Illustrator, InDesign, After Eects, Premiere Pro

QuickBooks from Intuit

FileMaker

Cross-platform le types

Many native Mac applications can import les created in Windows. They also let you

view the most common le types, including Oce documents, PDFs, images, text les,

MP3s, videos, ZIP les, and more.

Mac applications with support for Windows les include:

Pages can import Microsoft Word and most other Windows text formats.

Numbers can import Excel as well as Open Financial Exchange les from Quicken,

comma-separated-value and tab-delimited les.

Keynote can import PowerPoint presentations.

Any QuickTime-compatible application can import .AVI video and .WAV audio les.

Running Windows on a MacAn Intel-based Mac uses the same processor as computers running Windows,

enabling it to directly run Windows software in a variety of ways. You can boot

Windows operating systems natively on a Mac by using the Boot Camp software,

which is included with Mac OS X. You can also run Windows directly in Mac OS X with

virtualization applications such as VMware Fusion and Parallels Desktop which create


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virtualization applications such as VMware Fusion and Parallels Desktop, which createvirtual Windows machines running on your Mac desktop. In this chapter youll learn

how to congure Boot Camp and then learn about virtualization.

Boot CampYou can run the Windows operating system on your Mac at native speed with Boot

Camp. Windows applications have full access to multiple processors and multiple

cores, accelerated 3D graphics, and high-speed ports and networking such as USB,

FireWire, Wi-Fi, AirPort, and Gigabit Ethernet. Boot Camp drivers for Windows that let

you use these features are on the Mac OS X installation DVD, as well as drivers for

audio and Bluetooth. The drivers are automatically installed when you insert the disc

into your Mac after installing Windows. In addition to your installation DVD, youll also

need a Windows installation disc with the version of Windows that you want to use.

Set up Boot Camp:

To set up Windows with Boot Camp, follow these steps:1 Log in to an administrator account on your computer, quit all open applications, and

log out any other users.

2 Open Boot Camp Assistant (located in /Applications/Utilities/) and follow the onscreen

instructions.

Next youll create a partition for Windows.

72 Chapter 9 Cross-platform Compatibility

3 Set the size of your Windows partition.


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Refer to your Windows installer documentation to help you determine the best

partition size for your system.

4 Click Partition.

Boot Camp Assistant creates the new Windows partition. Your original Mac OSpartition, with all your software and information, remains intact. You can use Boot

Camp Assistant later to remove the partition if you want to restore the disk to a single-

partition Mac OS X volume.

5 Select Start the Windows installer.

6 If you are using a computer with more than one internal disk, select the disk on which

you want to install Windows, and then click Continue.

7 Insert your Windows installation disc and click Start Installation.

Your Mac will start up from the Windows installation disc. Follow the onscreen

instructions.

8 Select a Windows partition.

For Windows XP, select C: Partition3 [FAT32].

F Wi d Vi t l t Di k 0 P titi 3 BOOTCAMP


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For Windows Vista, select Disk 0 Partition 3 BOOTCAMP.

9 Format the Windows partition.

For Windows XP, choose NTFS for better reliability and security, though you will

not be able to save les to the Windows partition from Mac OS X. Choose FAT for a

partition writable by Mac OS X, though limited to 32GB.

For Windows Vista/7, click Drive options (advanced). Click Format, then click OK and

then Next. (Windows Vista and Windows 7 require NTFS.)

Note: Mac OS X includes support for reading and writing to FAT partitions, but can

only read NTFS partitions.

Next, youll install Mac-specic drivers and other software for Windows using your

Mac OS X Snow Leopard installation disc.

10 Eject the Windows installation disc and insert your Mac OS X installation DVD.

11 Follow the onscreen instructions. Your Mac should restart and Windows will launcha Found New Hardware Wizard. Follow the instructions for any other wizards that

appear.

Once youve installed Windows and the Boot Camp drivers, you can start using

Windows on your Mac. Boot Camp makes it easy to start up your computer using

either Mac OS X or Windows. You can set the default operating system for your

computer using Startup Disk preferences (Mac OS X) or the Boot Camp control panel

(Windows). You can also select an operating system as your computer is starting up.

74 Chapter 9 Cross-platform Compatibility

VirtualizationIf you only need to run Windows applications occasionally or you dont require the

increased performance of Boot Camp, virtualization oers instant access to Windows

without having to leave Mac OS X. VMware Fusion and Parallels Desktop are two

popular third-party Windows virtualization solutions.

VMware Fusion


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To download and purchase VMware Fusion, visit http://www.vmware.com/products/

fusion/.

Parallels Desktop

To download and purchase Parallels Desktop, visit http://www.parallels.com/products/

desktop/.

Note: In addition to the virtualization software, youll also need a full-install Windowsinstallation disc of the Windows version you want to use.

SummaryIn this chapter youve learned about the cross-platform compatibility of Mac OS X,

enabling you to work seamlessly with Windows users. Many Windows programs

like Microsoft Word and Adobe Photoshop are also available for the Mac. Mac OS Xapplications like iWork oer support for common Windows le formats. You can

run Windows natively on a Mac via Boot Camp or in a window in Mac OS X with

v