m36 1.6 rotation of axes

25
1.6 Rotation of Axes 1

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Page 1: M36 1.6 rotation of axes

1

1.6Rotation of Axes

Page 2: M36 1.6 rotation of axes

2

x

y ,P x y

r

x

y

cos cos

sin sin

xx r

ry

y rr

Page 3: M36 1.6 rotation of axes

3

x

y ,P x y

r

xy

,P x y

Page 4: M36 1.6 rotation of axes

4

rx

y

x

y ,P x y

cos sinx r y r

Page 5: M36 1.6 rotation of axes

5

cos sin

cos sin

cos cos sin sin

cos cos sin sin

cos sin

sin cos cos sin

sin cos cos sin

cos sin

x r y r

x r y r

x r

r r

x y

y r

r r

y x

Page 6: M36 1.6 rotation of axes

6

2

2

2 2

cos sin

cos sin

cos sin

sin cos

cos cos sin cos

sin sin sin cos

cos sin cos sin

cos sin

x x y

y y x

x x y

y x y

x x y

y x y

x y x

x x y

Page 7: M36 1.6 rotation of axes

7

2

2

2 2

cos sin

cos sin

cos sin

sin cos

sin sin cos sin

cos sin cos cos

cos sin sin cos

cos sin

x x y

y y x

x x y

y x y

x x y

y x y

x y y

y x y

Page 8: M36 1.6 rotation of axes

8

Theorem

If , represents a point with respect to

a set of axes and , represents the same

point after the axes have been rotated through

an angle , then

cos sin

sin cos

x y P

x y

x x y

y x y

Page 9: M36 1.6 rotation of axes

9

Theorem

2 2

2 2

If 0, the equation

0

can be transformed into the equation

0

where and are not both zero, by a

rotation of axes through an angle for which

cot 2 .

B

Ax Bxy Cy Dx Ey F

Ax Cy Dx Ey F

A C

A C

B

Page 10: M36 1.6 rotation of axes

10

Second Degree Equations with xy Term

2 2Given 0,

i. Identify the appropriate angle of rotation

by solving cot 2 .

ii. Use the equations cos sin and

sin cos to transform the given

equation.

iii. Express the resulti

Ax Bxy Cy Dx Ey F

A C

Bx x y

y x y

ng equation in standard

form and identify its graph.

Page 11: M36 1.6 rotation of axes

11

Example 2.5.1

Identify and sketch the graph of 1.

i. 0 1 0

cot 2

cot 2 0

22

4

xy

A B C

A C

B

Page 12: M36 1.6 rotation of axes

12

4

ii. cos sin4 4

2 2

2 2

2

2

sin cos4 4

x x y

x y

x y

y x y

2 2

2 2

2

2

x y

x y

Page 13: M36 1.6 rotation of axes

13

2 2

2 2

2 21

2 2iii. 1

2 21

2 2

11

2

12 2

Therefore, the graph is a hyperbola.

xy x x y y x y

xy

x y x y

x y

x y

Page 14: M36 1.6 rotation of axes

14

4

12 2

x y

xy

x

y

4

Page 15: M36 1.6 rotation of axes

15

Theorem

2 2

2

2

2

If the graph of

0

is a conic, then it is

i. a parabola if 4 0

ii. an ellipse if 4 0

iii. a hyperbola if 4 0

Ax Bxy Cy Dx Ey F

B AC

B AC

B AC

Page 16: M36 1.6 rotation of axes

16

Example 2.5.2

2 2Identify and sketch the graph of 2 0

i. 1 2 1

cot 2 22

cot 2 04

2 2ii.

2 2

x xy y x y

A B C

A C

B

x x y y x y

Page 17: M36 1.6 rotation of axes

17

2 2

2

2

2 2 2 2 2 2

2 22 0

2 2

2 2 2iii. 2

2 2 2

2 2 20

2 2 2

1 12 2

2 2

2 20

2 2

x xy y x y x x y y x y

x y x y x y

x y x y x y

x xy y x y x xy y

x y x y

Page 18: M36 1.6 rotation of axes

18

2 2 2 2 2 2

2 2

1 12 2

2 2

2 20

2 2

1 1 1 11 1 1 1

2 2 2 2

2 2 2 20

2 2 2 2

x xy y x y x xy y

x y x y

x xy y

x y

Page 19: M36 1.6 rotation of axes

19

2 2

2

2

2

1 1 1 11 1 1 1

2 2 2 2

2 2 2 20

2 2 2 2

2 2 0

2

2

24

8

Therefore, the graph is a parabola.

x xy y

x y

y x

y x

y x

Page 20: M36 1.6 rotation of axes

20

2

4

24

8y x

xy

x

y

4

Page 21: M36 1.6 rotation of axes

21

Example 2.5.3

2Identify and sketch the graph of 3 1

i. 0 3 1

cot 2

1cot 2

32

23

3

xy y

A B C

A C

B

Page 22: M36 1.6 rotation of axes

22

3

ii. cos sin3 3

1 3

2 2

13

2

x x y

x y

x y

sin cos3 3

3 1

2 2

13

2

y x y

x y

x y

Page 23: M36 1.6 rotation of axes

23

2

2

2 2 2 2

2 2

2 2

2 2

1 13 1 3 3

2 2

1 1 1iii. 3 3 3 3 1

2 2 2

3 13 2 3 3 2 3 1

4 4

3 3 3 3 3 11

4 4 2 2 4 4

3 11

2 2

1 Therefore, the graph is a hyperbol2 2

3

xy y x x y y x y

x y x y x y

x xy y x xy y

x xy y

x y

x y

a.

Page 24: M36 1.6 rotation of axes

24

2 2

3

12 2

3

x y

x

y

x

y

3

Page 25: M36 1.6 rotation of axes

25

Exercises

Answer Exercises A.10 in TC7 (5-39)

On pageA-83 to A-34

Check your answers on A-190 to A-192

END