HEMP HEMP REVOLUTION REVOLUTION !!

‘Advantage and Challenges of hemp biodiesel production’.

CONTENT:•INTRODUCTION•HISTORY•PROPERTIES AND TESTING•USES•PRODUCTION•PRACTICAL APPLICATION•AS AN INDUSTRIAL PRODUCT•FUTURE OVERVIEW•SUMMARY•RESEARCH PAPERS

SEMINAR BY: KARAN.R.SARSARJ.S.P.M’s Imperial College of

Engineering & Research. (Mechanical Dept.)

Introduction

What is Hemp Biodiesel?• Biodiesel is a renewable energy alternative to fossil fuels that is

composed of a group of long chain fatty acids called mono-alkyl esters.

• It is a highly efficient diesel replacement that is produced by a process called transesterification, a chemical reaction between vegetable or animal fat and alcohol in the presence of a catalyst to produce biodiesel .

• Unlike diesel produced from petroleum, it contains very low level of sulfur, which produces sulfur oxide (SOx) emissions when burned, a major precursor to acid rain . Additionally, biodiesel requires no modifications to the diesel engine.

Hemp plant• Hemp is the miracle plant of our

time, breathing in 4x the carbon dioxide (CO2) of trees during it's quick 12-14 week growing cycle.

• Trees take 20 years to mature vs 4 months for Industrial Hemp! Our forests are being cut down 3x faster than they can grow!

•  One acre of hemp produces as much cellulose fiber pulp as 4.1 acres of trees!!! (Dewey & Merrill. Bulletin #404. U.S. Dept. of Age. 1916) 

Inspirations in History

• Although fiber car components may be a thing of the future, the idea of

manufacturing material from fibrous plants dates back to ancient times.

• Fragments of fabric woven from hemp have been found from 8000 B.C.

Bamboo and sturdy grasses have been used in construction for centuries

and plots in Japan still provide hemp to weave the emperor's religious

robes.

• The first crop grown in many states was hemp. 1850 was a peak year for

Kentucky producing 40,000 tons. Hemp was the largest cash crop until the

20th Century.

Henry Ford: 1863 - 1947

• The Soybean car, also known as the Hemp

body car, was a concept car. Its first iteration of

the body was made partially from hemp and

soybeans.

• The body was lighter and therefore more fuel

efficient than a normal metal body.

• The car used an ethanol derived from Hemp or

Alcohol. It was made by Henry Ford's auto

company in Dearborn, Michigan, and was

introduced to public view on August 13, 1941

Rudolf Diesel: 1858 - 1913 • In 1893, German inventor Rudolph Diesel

published a paper entitled "The Theory and

Construction of a Rational Heat Engine,"

which described an engine in which air is

compressed by a piston to a very high

pressure, causing a high temperature.

• Fuel is then injected and ignited by the

compression temperature.

• Diesel built his first engine called ’Diesel

engine’ ,that we are using at present.

• Diesel expected that his engine would be

powered by vegetable oils (including Hemp)

and seed oils.

Uses of hemp

Key Properties of Hemp• Thermal Mass Insulation• Negative Carbon• Low Density• Clean Air• High Thermal Resistance• High Thermal Inertia• Vapour Permeable (breathable)• Design Flexibility (adjustable

thickness)• Fire and Pest Resistant (NO

Termites)• Significantly Reduce Co2

Emissions

• Inherently Air tight• No Waste• No Mould • No Termites• No Dry Rot• Natural Substrates for Plasters and

Renders• Low Air Infiltration• ZERO LAND FILL

Properties & Testing

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• The hemp fiber is a uniform

natural golden colour typical of

field retted stalks.

• Hemp fiber has a moisture regain

of 12% and excellent fiber

strength.

• Hemp can be used to produce

fiberboard that is stronger than

wood, lighter than wood, and

fire retardant.

What Is Hemp Plastic?• Hemp Plastic is an affordable bio based natural fibre

composite to replace oil based raw materials.• Designed in Europe over 15 years and now produced in

China, Hemp Plastics compete with engineering compounds in properties such as high stiffness and high heat tolerance (HDT).

• Both biodegradable and recyclable blends address global policies for CO2 reduction and oil dependence.

• Hemp plastics are not made from hemp oil or hemp seeds, but from the stalk. They are the preferred options to PP-glass fibre, High Heat ABS and PC/ABS.

• Flame retardant for specific grades, using halogen-free additives.

Industrial Facts about Hemp

• Hemp does not require herbicides or pesticides.• Hemp can be grown in a wide range of latitudes and altitudes.• Hemp replenishes soil with nutrients and nitrogen, making it  an excellent rotational crop.• Hemp controls erosion of the topsoil.• Hemp converts CO2 to oxygen better than trees.• Hemp produces more oil than any other crop, which can be  used for food, fuel, lubricants, soaps, etc.• Hemp nut being the highest   protein  crop (after soybean) and high in omega oils.• Hemp can be used for making plastics, including car parts.• Hemp makes paper more efficiently and ecologically than  wood, requiring no chemical glues.• Hemp can be used to make fiberboard.• Hemp can be used to make paint.• Hemp can produce bio-fuel and ethanol (better than corn).• Hemp fibers can make very strong rope and textiles.

Uses in Automobile industries• Scientists Develop Car Parts

From Hemp, Grass• Researchers in Australia and England

are working on developing materials from plants like hemp and elephant grass to replace plastic and metal-based car components. Scientists say the materials are biodegradable and can increase fuel efficiency since they weigh about 30 percent less than currently used materials.

• "The lighter the car, the less fuel you need to propel it," explains Alan Crosky of the School of Material Science and Engineering in the University of New South Wales in Australia.

• Hemp is processed to harden and mold into car components.

The new "Kestrel" Electric car to be made in Canada using iHemp.

Hemp Fiber Composites for Automotive

•Presently, the single largest use for hemp fiber produced in North America is for automotive composite products. •There are a number of ways hemp fiber can be used to create a bio-fiber based composite for automotive applications.•Hemp fiber composite made from a blend of hemp fiber and a thermoplastic such as polypropylene, the hemp fiber based mat is heated to the melting point of the plastic, then placed into a matched metal mold, and compressed under pressure.• The molded hemp fiber and plastic part is removed from the mold, cooled and further attachments or finishing of the part is done.• The hemp fiber part would typically be used for interior trim applications such as a door panel, window pillar, package tray or trunk liner.

Car door

Car seat and interior

• Hemp is one of the faster growing biomasses known, producing up to 25 tonnes of dry matter per hectare per year.• For a crop, hemp is very environmentally friendly.• A partial list of hemp uses includes (there are many within each category):

1.food—seeds, oil, flour.2.medicine—salves, anti-nausea, pesticides .3.toiletries—soap, shampoo, lotion.4.textiles—clothing, towels, bedding, canvas.5.household products—carpet, detergent, paint, toys.6.industrial products—paper, concrete, insulation, fuel, car parts.

Comparision: as Fuel.Sr no.

Pollution: Petrol vs Hemp Petrol Hemp

1. Can be Procured Domestically: NO YES

2. Renewable Resource: NO YES

3. Biodegradable: NO YES

4. Dangerous to Handle and Store:YES

NO

5. Could Provide Economic Gain to Farmers and Industry: NO

YES

6. Contributes to Global Warming: MORE LESS

7. Toxic Byproducts of Emission: YES NO

8. Contributes to Sculpture Pollution (acid rain): YES NO

9. Procurement Pollutes Local Environment: YES NO

10. Highly Toxic to Humans and Other Animals: YES NO

Uses in Insulation• All the properties of materials and building

elements and how these properties relate to

real performance.

• There is no doubt that walls should prevent

as much heat loss as possible and they

should contribute to the feeling of comfort

within the building.

• We look forward to built light weight

structures that are highly insulated, possibly

manufactured off-site and generally made

from synthetic materials.

Uses in Building Materials.

Uses in Textile & Paper Industry

• The first Bibles, maps, charts.• Betsy Ross's flag.• The first drafts of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were made from hemp (U.S. Government Archives).

Experimental TestingTitle Person related to

research• Characterization of the thermo-

mechanical behavior of Hemp fibers intended for the manufacturing of high performance composites

Vincent Placet.

• Optimizing industrial hemp fiber for composites

K.L. Pickering a, G.W. Beckermann a, S.N. Alam , N.J. Foreman .

• Impact and fatigue behavior of hemp fiber composites Tong Yuanjian , D.H. Isaac

• Resin transfer molding of hemp fiber composites: optimizationof the process and mechanical properties of the materials

David Rouison , Mohini Sain , M.Couturier

• Compounding and mechanical properties of biodegradablehemp fiber composites

Andreas Keller

Future overview• Latest car made by hemp fiber is

introduced in market by BMWi.• German car companies

including Mercedes (Daimler/Chrysler), BMW, and Audi Volkswagen have been leading the way in incorporating plant fibers in their models.

• Since the introduction of jute-based door panels in the Mercedes E class five years ago.

• German car companies have multiplied their use of natural fibers till to-date. Latest BMWi car

• One highly important use of hemp has been in detoxifying nuclear waste, as demonstrated by experiments in the Ukraine, for example, on the site of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster.• Moreover, hemp fuel could actually replace the dangerous and costly nuclear power industry.

• We can use compression molding, injections molding, simple hand lay-ups or hybrid technologies to produce consumer goods. • Such products include furniture (chair backs or seats) sporting goods and recreational products , luggage, musical instruments and sound reinforcement gear..

Total usage without any wastage

Hemp Fiber uses;• Hemp fiber has long been used to make

ropes, which are known for both strength and durability. Initially, Levi Strauss jeans were made of hemp canvas.

• Even paper can be made with this fiber. It is believed that paper made of hemp has been used by human.

• Hemp fiber is also used as building materials such as plywood, plaster, insulation, caulking, roofing, cement, reinforced caulking, etc.

• Hemp fiber is also used in the production of composite panels for automobiles. Along with hemp fiber, flax, fiberglass, etc. are used for making this product.

Hemp Plant uses;• Hemp seeds are widely used for

extraction of oil, which is used in cosmetics, oil-based paints, etc. This is said to be rich in essential amino acids.

• Hemp seed is also used as a fishing bait and are included in bird seed mix.

• Hemp seeds can also be used to produce biofuel.

• For this purpose, the oil in the seeds and stems are used of the whole plant.

• These plants are also used for weed control and for purifying soil and water.

Summary:

Thank you• If any question or queries you are most

welcome to ask?

• Any suggestion regarding the topic?

HEMP v/s MARIJUANA