lys ark pettersen 2012

8/12/2019 Lys Ark Pettersen 2012

1/51

1 -

TPG 4140 Natural Gas 2012

LNGFundamental Principles andHammerfest LNG Plant

Jostein Pettersen


2/51

2 -

Outline

Why LNG?

What is LNG ?

Gas pre-treatment

Gas liquefaction

LNG storage and loading

LNG transport

LNG receiving terminals

OverviewSnhvit field development and Hammerfest LNG plant Land plant

Plant construction


3/51


4/51

4 -

LNG Density

Natural gas

LNG

1 m3

LNG correspondsto ca 600 Sm3natural gas

S = Standard state, 15C, 1 atm

At temperatures above -110 CLNG vapour is lighter than air

LNG is lighter than waterLNG Density: 450 kg/m3

Water density: 1000 kg/m3


5/51

5 -

Types of LNG plants

Base-load plants

Large plants which are directly based on a specific gas field development and are the mainplants for handling the gas. A base-load plant has typically a production capacity of above 3Mtpa (million tons per annum) of LNG. The main world-wide LNG production capacity comefrom this type of plants

Peak-shaving plants

Smaller plants that are connected to a gas network. During the period of the year when gasdemand is low, natural gas is liquefied and LNG is stored. LNG is vaporized during shortperiods when gas demand is high. These plants have a relatively small liquefaction capacity(as 200 tons/day) and large storage and vaporization capacity (as 6000 tons/day). Especiallyin the US many such plants exist

Small-scale plants

Small-scale plants are plants that are connected to a gas network for continuous LNGproduction in a smaller scale. The LNG is distributed by LNG trucks or small LNG carriers tovarious customers with a small to moderate need of energy or fuel. This type of LNG plantstypically has a production capacity below 500 000 tpa. In Norway and China several plants

within this category is in operation.


6/51

6 -

Source: CERA

Source: IHS CERA.

00406-6_2808

Natural gas liquefaction plantsBase load capacity


7/51

7 -

Gas processing


8/51

8 -

Simplified LNG plant block diagram

Endflash

HHCExtraction

CH4/N2

Fuelgas

Power&

heat

(C5+) (C4 and C3)

(CO2 and H2S)


9/51


10/51

10 - 2010-09-26

Gas conditioning (pre-treatment) Acid Gas (CO2and H2S) removal

Acid gas causes corrosion, reduces heating value, and may freeze and create solids

in cryogenic process

Typical requirements for LNG: Max 50 ppmv CO2, Max 4 ppmv H2S

(ppmv - parts per million by volume)

Usual process: aMDEA (Amine)

Dehydration (water removal)

Water will freeze in cryogenic process

Typical requirement: Max 1 ppmw (weight) H2O

Usual process: Adsorption (Mol sieve)

Mercury removal

Mercury can cause corrosion problems, especially in aluminium heat exchangers

Requirement: Max 0.01 g/Nm3

Usual process: Adsorption


11/51


12/51

12 - 2010-09-26

Natural gas path through liquefaction

pressure-enthalpy diagram (C1:89.7% C2:5,5% C3:1.8% N2:2.8%)

1

10

100

-900 -800 -700 -600 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200

Enthalpy [kJ/kg]

Pressure

[bara]

-200oC -150oC -100o

C -50oC 0oC 50oC

PrecoolingLiquefactionSubcooling

Expansion

JT Throttling

End flash LNG


13/51


14/51

14 -

Liquefaction process licensors

Base load LNG plants (3+ Mtpa)

Air Products and Chemicals Inc (APCI)

World leader since since the 1970sca 80 operating trains

C3MR process

AP-XTMHybrid (QatarGas II, III and IV, RasGas III: Six trains of 7.8 Mtpa each, Start up 2008)

ConocoPhillips (Optimised) Cascade

Trinidad: Atlantic LNG - 4 trains Egypt: Idku

Alaska: Kenai (Operating since 1969!)

Australia: Darwin LNG

Equatorial Guinea

Shell DMRDouble Mixed Refrigerant (Sakhalin, 2 x 4.8 Mtpastart-up 2007)

PMR (same as C3MRbut parallel MR circuits)no references

Linde/Statoil MFCMixed Fluid Cascade Process (Snhvit, 4.3 Mtpastart up 2007)

Axens Liquefin (No references)


15/51

15 -

Simplified cascade process for natural gasliquefaction

MethaneEthylenePropane

NG12 C-32 C

1.4 bar 7 bar

-96 C

1.4 bar 19 bar

LNG -155 C

1.4 bar 45 bar


16/51

16 -

Temperature stages in cascade process


17/51

17 - 2010-09-26

Example of single-mix refrigerant cycle for

natural gas liquefaction (Prico cycle)

LNG

NG

5 bar

30 bar

12 C

-155 C

12 C

-155 C -155,5 C

6,5 C

99,8 C

Composition:

NG Refrig

C1 0.897 0.360

C2 0.055 0.280C3 0.018 0.110

nC4 0.001 0.150

N2 0.028 0.100


18/51

18 - 2010-09-26

Temperatureenthalpy diagram of Prico example

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

-1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500

Enthalpy, x 10^6 kJ/hr

Temperature,

C

Mixed refrigerant dew point line

Mixed refrigerant bubble point line

NG bubble point

line

NG dew point line

Mixed refrigerant 30 bar

Mixed refrigerant 5 bar

NG 60 bar

LNG

NG

5 bar

30 bar

12 C

-155 C

12 C

-155 C -155,5 C

6,5 C

99,8 C


19/51

19 - 2010-09-26

Propane-precooled MR (C3MR) Process


20/51

20 - 2010-09-26

LNG storage and

loading


21/51


22/51

22 - 2010-09-26

Pre-stressed concrete outer walls

constructed by slipforming, sheathed

internally with a gas-tight layer of

nickel-alloyed steel.

Inner tank in nickel-alloyed steel,

separated from the outer walls by a

layer of perlite - a variety of volcanic

obsidian highly suitable for insulation

Extra layer of steel and insulation at

the transition between outer wall and

tank bottom to protect it against

strong local stresses should the

inner tank begin to leak.

Heating cables under the tanks will

ensure that the ground remains

above 0C in order to prevent frost

heaving.

Above-ground full-containment LNG tank design


23/51

23 - 2010-09-26

Typical storage and loading system


24/51

24 - 2010-09-26


25/51

25 -

LNG ships


26/51

26 -

LNG transportationtechnical aspects

LNG is transported at163 deg. C and at atmospheric pressure This low temperature require that the LNG is transported and handled with special

consideration, i.e.

Completely separated from the ships hull

LNG temperature must be maintained during the voyagerequiring efficient insulation

of the cargo tanks and handling of boil off gas (BOG) All cargo handling equipment must be able to operate at the low temperature of -163

deg. C

Two basically different cargo containment systems are used:

Self supported independent tanks (Moss Rosenberg spherical tanks, IHI SPB,

cylindrical tanks) Membrane tanks (Gaz Transport and Technigaz (GTT))

Market share between the two concepts has been about. 50/50 - but the membrane concept

has been increasingly selected for recent newbuilding orders.


27/51

Cargo containment systems

Spherical tanks

(Moss Rosenberg)Membrane containment

27 -


28/51


29/51

29 -

Sabine Pass LNG Terminal (Planned)Artists Rendition

Source: Cheniere Energy, Inc.


30/51

30 - 2010-09-26

LNG receiving terminal - principles


31/51

31 - 2010-09-26

Hammerfest LNG Plant


32/51

The first LNG liquefaction plant in Norway and Europe

The first offshore development in the Barents Sea

The largest industrial development in northern Norway ever

New technology on several areas

New markets

New organisation in a new area of Norway

- A Successful Frontier LNG Project


33/51


34/51

Facts:

Discovered: 198184

Water depth: 250340 m

Distance to shore: 140 km

Gas in place (GIP): 317 GSm3

Recoverable reserves : 193 GSm3

Condensate: 34 MSm3

Statoil ASA (Operator) 36.79%

Petoro AS 30.00%

Total E&P Norge AS 18.40%

GDF Suez Norge AS 12.00%

RWE Dea Norge AS 2.81%

: \ \ \ \ K \ t \ \ r _ v r i t \ Li n r t \ \ t t i l _H y r _ l t _ li c _t t_ 1 v l . m

Snhvit, Albatrossand Askeladd

Owners:

Original 2002

figures


35/51

2010-09-26

HammerfestMelkya (May 2006)

Slug catcher Inlet facilities


36/51

2010-09-26

SNHVITSimplified overview

CO2Injection

well

Production well

Seabed

Reservoir

Albatross

Production wells

CDU

Plem

Production wells

Production wells

Snhvit

CO2 Injection well

g

Pretreatment

Fractionation

Carbon dioxide

MEG

recovery

Condensate production

LPG production

LNG production

Liquefaction cycle Subcooling cycle

Storage and loading:

LNG, LPG, condensate

Precooling cycle

Prepared by Petrolink as


37/51

2010-09-26

Hammerfest LNG plant - block flow diagram

Slugcatcher

Inlet facilities/Metering

CO2removal

De-hydration

Mercuryremoval

Natural gasliquefaction

LPG

Storage

CondensateStorage

MEGRecovery

Condensatetreatment

CO2dryingand

recompressionNitrogenremoval

Fractionation(RefrigerantMake-up)

Fuel gassystem

C1/ C2/ C3 Refrig. Make-up

CO2reinjection(to pipeline)

Feed from

pipeline

Lean MEG(to pipeline)

LNGStorage

LNGStorage

N2to atm.

Utility

SystemsFlare

FacilitiesControl

room


38/51

2010-09-26

LAYOUT - HAMMERFEST LNG PLANT

Slug catcher

HP flare

LP flareCamp area

Condensate storagetank

LNG storage tanks

Product jetty

LPG storage tank

Storage & loading substation

N2cold box

NG Cold box

Process substation

Electrical power generation

Compression area, barge

Process area, barge

Construction jetty

Subsea road tunnel

Administration building / control room

Sea water outlet /sea water inlet

Holding basin / waste water treatment

Utility substation

MDEA storage / fuel gas

Compressed air and inert gas facilities

Landfall

Offshore utility substation

MEG process area

MEG substation

MEG storage tank area

Hot oil and chemicalstorage tanks

Pig receiver

Grid substation

Area 2 Area 3Area 1

HAMMERFEST LNG Process area


39/51

Natural gas ColdBox

Nitrogen RemovalCold Box

Processsubstation

Electric powergeneration

Compressor area

Process area

23

1

HAMMERFEST LNGProcess area

Mixed Fluid Cascade (MFC) Liquefaction process and


40/51

Mixed Fluid Cascade (MFC ) Liquefaction process and

power/heat generation at Hammerfest

65 MW

65

MW

32 MW

NGL

M lk b f t ti t t


41/51

2010-09-26

Melkya before construction start-upJune 2001

M lk A t 2006


42/51

Melkya August 2006


43/51

2010-09-26

Why this very large extent ofprefabrication?

Harsh weather conditions

Remotenesslack of necessary infrastructure

Reduce the necessity of steel work at site

Higher productivity at construction yard

Reduce work at site in general -of the total estimate of 15 million man-hours to

build the plant, 50 % is done at site.

Prefabrication and use of

large modules


44/51

Cold box


45/51

Process

plant

P f b i ti LNG l t b


46/51

PrefabricationLNG plant on a barge

Process systems on the bargeWeight: 21.000 tonnes

Height over deck: 60 m

BargeWeight: 10.000 tonnesSize: 154 x 54 x 9m


47/51

Blue Marlin and process barge in Cadiz.


48/51

Hammerfesthere we are!


49/51

In-docking of process-barge.


50/51

21 August 2007: Production start

13.09.07 First LNG to tank26.09.07 First condensate cargo

20.10.07 First LNG cargo


51/51

Arctic Shipping

lys ark pettersen 2012

Documents