BC HOC TAP 1 : Khai quat, cong dung mot so kh cu ien thong dung

KT QU HC TP 1:CC PHN T IU KHINA. Muc ch:

Sau khi hoc xong bai nay cac ban hieu c mot so van e sau:

Nam c cau tao nguyen ly lam viec mot so loai kh cu ien thong dung

Nam c ng dung cua tng loai kh cu ien

Phan loai cac kh cu ien ieu khien va cac loai kh cu ien bao ve

B. Noi dung:

Cc phn t iu khin T l cc phn t tham gia vo mch T vi chc nng iu khin hoc bo v. iu khin c th bng tay hay t ng; mt phn t iu khin c th ch gi mt chc nng hoc iu khin, hoc bo v hoc gi c hai chc nng.

1.Cc phn t bo v:

1.1 Cu ch (cu chy) :

L phn t dng bo v cho thit b in trnh khi s c ngn mch (on mch, chp mch).

B phn c bn ca cu chy l dy chy, n thng lm bng cc cht c nhit nng chy thp.

Vi mch c cng dng in ln, dy chy c th lm bng cht c nhit nng chy cao, nhng tit din nh thch hp.

Dy chy thng l dy ch tit din trn hoc bng cc l ch, km, hp kim ch thic, nhm hay ng c dp, ct theo cc hnh dng khc nhau.

Dy chy c kp cht vo cu chy bng vt.Cu chy thng c np cch in trnh h quang bn tung te ra xung quanh khi dy chy t.

cu chy bo v c i tng cn bo v vi mt dng in no trong mch, dy chy phi chy t trc khi i tng b ph hy.

Tr s dng in m dy chy b chy t c gi l dng in gii hn.

Nh vy cn c dng in gii hn ln hn dng nh mc: (Igh > Im) dy chy khng b t khi lm vic vi dng nh mc.Thng thng, i vi dy chy ch th:

Dy chy hp kim ch thit:

Dy chy ng:

Cu ch trong k thut c nhiu dng, kiu khc nhau, nhng nguyn l lm vic hon ton ging nhau:

Cu ch loi xoy, thng lp t in.

Cu ch loi kp, thng lp cc mng mch iu khin. C day chay chu dong ien toi a:ng knhday chay(mm)Cng o dong ien tac ong lam chay day

Day ch thiec(A)Day ch( A )Day nhom( A )

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,7

1,0

1,2

1,5

2,01,8

2,5

4

7

12,52

3

5

8,5

145

8

12

20

35

42

60

85

1. Cac dang cau ch: Cau ch hop

Cau ch ong

Cau ch uoi xoan oc

Cau ch ngoai tri

Cau ch no cham

2. Cau tao nguyen ly lam viec cau ch no cham: Cau tao gom day ong noi vi lo xo c keo cang va mot au day ong c noi han ch au ong kia nh hnh ve. Cong dung cua cau ch loai nay dung bao ve cho ong c. Khi khi ong dong khi ong cua ong c ln hn dong ien nh mc cua ong c t 5 en 7 lan dong ien nh mc. Neu dung cau ch thng th cau ch se no ngat mach ien ngay luc ong c khi ong. Nhng dung cau ch no cham, do thi gian khi ong cua ong c ngan nen khong u nhiet lng lam nong chay moi han ch. Ch khi nao ong c b lam viec qua tai th cau ch mi no.

1.2. Mot so loai rle: Rle thc chat la mot cong tac ien t, khi cuon day cua rle co ien no se hut tiep iem ong kn mach. Cac loai rle c s dung e ieu khien cac thiet b nh: may giat, thang may, thiet b bao goi, en xi nhan cho oto, may ien thoai,

* u iem:- Thch hp vi viec ieu khien t xa.

- No co the nh c cac lenh chuyen mach.

- Mach ieu khien va mach lam viec cach ly nhau ve ien.

- Vi mot dong ieu khien nho no co the ieu khien mot dong tai ln.

Co nhng loai rle sau khi an nut khi ong th cong tac cua rle se t gi v tr ong mach mat dau nut nhan a tr ve v tr ban au (h.1.2.3). Cong tac K1 trong hnh 1.2.3 c goi la cong tac t gi. Trong trng hp nay no c noi song song vi nut an khi ong.Rle lam cham viec ong h mach:

Cac cuon day cua rle c noi song song vi cac tu ien, loai nay c s dung trong cac mach en xi nhan (h.1.2.4)

Thiet b bao ong (h.1.2.5): Phan ln cac thiet b bao ong c cau tao t cac rle, mach bao ong khong noi trc tiep vi ien ap nguon e am bao an toan cho ngi s dung, ma c noi vi mot nguon pin nh hnh ve.

Hoat ong cua mach: Khi khi ong S1, coi H1 se keu. Khi ong S2, cuon day K2 co ien va cong tac t gi se noi k1 vi nguon ein ap; en H2 sang1. Rle nhit:

L kh c dng bo v cc thit b in (ng c) khi b qa ti

Dng in lm vic vi vi trm ampe, in p mt chiu ti 440V, in p xoay chiu ti 500V, tn s 50Hz.c thiet ke da tren c s s dan n

cua la lng kim khi hap thu nhiet nang. Nguyn l:Khi dng in ph ti chy qua, phn t t nng s nng ln v ta nhit ra xung quanh, bng kp h h nng s cong ln. Rle nhiet con ng dung co tac ong ieu nhiet lam on nh nhiet o nh rle nhiet trong ban la, bep ien...

2. R le ien t:

a. Cau tao:

He thong mach t va cuon day: la bo phan chu yeu, co cuon day c lap at mach t co nh, nhan dong ien e tao ra lc tac ong hut mach t di ong lam ong mach cac tiep iem dan ien mach chnh.

He thong tiep iem: bao gom cac tiep iem mach chnh va cac tiep iem phu cho mach ieu khien. Cac tiep iem c cach ien oc lap va gan chat len mach t di ong co loxo em e bao am cac tiep iem di ong tiep xuc tot vi tiep iem co nh.

C cau truyen ong he thong tiep iem: bao gom gia mang cac tiep iem di ong, loxo nha mach e ay bat tiep iem h mach tr ve v tr ban au.

Buong dap ho quang: oi vi cac loai rle ien t co cong suat ln can phai co buong dap ho quang, e de triet tieu tia la trong qua trnh cac tiep iem h mach, e tranh cac be mat cac mat vt cua tiep iem khong b ro mat gay tiep xuc xau.

b. Nguyen ly lam viec: giong nh nguyen ly lam viec cua cong tac t.

3. Rle dong ien va rle ien ap:

Rle la kh cu ien thng gap

trong mach ien ieu khien e t ongong, cat, khong che hoac bao ve mach ien.

a. Rle ien ap: c s dung e bao ve qua ien ap hoac t ong cat ien khi ienap thap di mc qui nh.

b. Rle dong ien: thng c dung e bao ve qua tai hoac bao ve ngan mach.

* Cau tao cua hai loai rle nay nh hnh ve. Cuon day (1) c quan tren loi thep e sinh ra lc hut ien t lam cho nap (2) chuyen ong.(4) loxo e keo nap 5, 6 la tiep iem.* Nguyen ly lam viec:

Khi cha co ien vao cuon day nh loxo (4) nen nap ong (2) luon nha ra lam cho cac tiep iem (5) luon trang thai m con tiep iem (6) ong. Khi co tn hieu ien vao cuon day th nap (2) b hut, tiep iem (5) ong con tiep iem (6) m ra.

Neu rle ien ap th cuon day c quan bang day ien t c nho, nhieu vong. Con rle dong ien th cuon day quan c day ln t vong.

4. Rle trung gian: Cac loai rle s dung trong mach ieu khien, mach ien bao ve, kiem soat thng co cong suat nho, ch tai dong ien khong qua 5A c goi la rle trung gian.

Ve cau tao rat n gian gom co cac tiep iem (thng h va thng ong) va cuon day chu ien ap. Rle trung gian c san xuat gom 2 loai.

Rle trung gian 1 chieu s dung nguon mot chieu vi ien ap 6, 12, 24, 28V...va tren cuon day co ghi tr so ien tr cua cuon day thong thng t vai tram omh en vai ngan omh.

Rle xoay chieu s dung nguon ien xoay chieu vi ien ap 100, 110, 220V.

5. Rle toc o:

a. Cau tao:

La loai rle li dung lc ly tam e tac ong ong hay m tiep iem. Nh the on nh c toc o quay cua ong c hoac ng dung lam cong tac t ong ngat mach pha e sau khi ong c 1 pha a khi ong.

C cau cua loai rle toc o hay con goi la cong tac ly tam gom co: 1 he thong c kh gan chat tren trruc quay cua ong c va 1 bo cong tac lap co nh nap vo may.

b. Nguyen ly lam viec:

Khi ong c khi ong quay tang dan, th lc ly tam xuat hien tac ong len 2 mieng sat, nhng cha u lc thang lc can cua loxo. en thi iem toc o quay ong c gan at nh mc, th bay gi lc ly tam at en tr so ln hn lc can cua loxo, nen keo lui mieng php cach ien ra, khong e tiep iem na. Tiep iem ong c t do nen nha mach, cat dong ien ra khoi pha e:

Khi ong c cho ngng quay th toc o quay giam xuong, loxo keo he thong tr ve v tr ban au, mieng php lai e tiep iem ong tiep xuc vi tiep iem co nh, ong mach lai, chuan b t the cho cuon e hoat ong lan khi ong sau.6. Rle thi gian:

a. Rle thi gian c kh:

Chu yeu ieu khien la bo nen loxo la lam hoat ong he thong banh rang giam toc, khi ta len day cot loxo la e tch tr nang lng.

Khi hoat ong, truc cam xoay cham e tac ong ong hay m tiep iem ien cham. Nh cam ieu khien, ma co the cho phep s chuyen mach tuan hoan theo chu ky ong, m trong thi gian rle hoat ong nh hnh ve.

Loai rle nay ch cho phep lam cham thi gian hoat ong khoang 1 gi va thng c s dung trong mach ieu khien cua quat ban, may giat....

b. Rle thi gian ieu khien bang ong c:

Cau tao gom mot ong c ien nho dung chuyen ong he thong banh rang giam toc, e ieu khien cac tiep iem cong tac ien hoat ong cham do ket hp vi cuon day hut cac tiep iem nh hnh ve.

Khi cho ien vao, cuon day cua rle co ien tao lc hut cac tiep iem, nhng cac tiep iem cha hoat ong c, v b chon chan can lai, cung luc o dong ien qua tiep iem thng ong cung cap cho ong c be hoat ong, lam chuyen ong he thong banh rang, xoay truc tac ong quay cham. en khi can cam tac ong m chot chan, th tc khac cac tiep iem thi gian hoat ong va ong thi tiep iem thng ong m, cat dong ien cung cap lam ong c ngng hoat ong.

Tiep iem 1 3 v tr ong mach ngay khi cuon day rle co ien, thi gian tac ong cham cua rle loai nay khoang 1 giay en vai gi.c. Rle thi gian loai pt tong:

C cau rle loai nay gom 1 cuon day khi co ien tac ong hut loi sat co lien ket vi mot pt tong hut ay khong kh, e ieu khien m cham tiep iem thuy ngan.

Khi hoat ong cuon day tac ong hut loi sat lam tiep iem trong bong cha thuy ngan noi mach dan ien va ong thi cat ngay dong ien qua cuon day. Nen cuon day khong tao lc hut na, nhng loi sat khong tr ve trang thai ban au ngay, v b khong kh trong pt tong cho en khi bong cha thuy ngan b nghieng lech ve v tr ban au ngat mach.

Thi gian tr hoan cua cong tac nay khoang vai chuc phut. Hien nay rle nay c san xuat rat gon va chnh xac.

d. Rle thi gian ieu khien bang mach ien t:

C cau cua loai rle nay bao gom he thong tiep iem c ieu khien bi mach ien t, loai mach thi gian.

Mach ien tren hnh ve trnh bay nguyen ly lam viec cua mach tre thi gian n gian nh sau:

Khi at nguon ien vao chau 2 7 dong ien xoay chieu c chnh lu nh diode D4 va giam the qua R con rat thap. TR1 hoat ong dan dong ien nap vao tu C = 100(F. Cac transistor TR2, TR3, TR4 ngng dan. Khi tu a nap ay en 7,4V th D2 dan lam cac TR2, TR3,TR4 dan tac ong dan dong ien qua cuon day rle RLY hoat ong hut tiep iem lam ong mach tiep iem 1 3 nha tiep iem 1 4. Thi gian ong cham cua rle tuy thuoc vao bien tr 25K.

Ta co: t = R.C

V vay, muon thay oi thi gian hoat ong ong m cac tiep iem phai chnh bien tr va ben ngoai ni num xoay bien tr co chia vach thi gian.

Loai rle thi gian mach ien t rat chnh xac nen co the c thiet ke t giay en hang tram giay.

1.3. Cau dao va ao ien:

1. Cau dao:La kh cu ien dung e ieu khien ong m mach ien trc tiep bang tay ng day chnh, chu tai dong ien ln va co cau ch bao ve s co khi co hien tng chap mach hoac qua tai. Cau dao c san xuat 2 cc hoac 3 cc, co cau ch bao ve, phan e lam bang s gan cac coc noi va dao tiep ien, pha tren la cac phan chan bang chat PVC e am bao an toan cho ngi s dung.

2. ao ien: La loai cau dao co hai hng, c san xuat loai hai cc va 3 cc khong co cau ch bao ve. ng dung cua ao ien dung e lay ien hai nguon khac nhau, ao chieu quay ong c. oi vi tai co dong ien ln nen s dung tu ien e am bao an toan cho ngi s dung tranh tia ho quang phong ra khi co s co xay ra. a. Ky hieu:

b. ng dung cua ao ien:

1.4. Ap - to - mat:

1. Khai niem: La loai kh cu ien dung ieu khien ong m mach ien trc tiep bang tay giong nh cau dao, nhng co bo bao ve qua dong t ong ngat mach nhanh khi b qua tai hoac b chap mach. Nh the tranh cho thiet b ien khoi b hong, ng day dan khoi b chay.

a. Hnh dang ben ngoai cua Aptomat

b. Aptomat dong ien cc ai

c. Aptomat ien ap thap

2. Nguyen ly lam viec:

Tren hnh b khi mach ien qua tai hay ngan mach, nam cham ien 2 se hut phan ng 4 xuong lam nha moc 1, can 5 c t do, ket qua cac tiep iem cua aptomat c m ra di tac dung cua lc lo xo 6, mach ien b nhat.

Tren hnh b khi sut ap qua mc, nam cham ien 1 se nha phan ng 6 lam nha moc 2, do o cac tiep iem cua aptomat cung c m ra di tac dung cua lc lo xo 4, mach ien b cat.

3. Cach la chon aptomat:

Chu yeu da vao: Dong ien tnh toan i trong mach

Dong ien qua tai

Tnh thao tac co chon loc

Ngoai ra la chon aptomat con phai can c vao ac tnh lam viec cua phu tai, aptomat khong c phep cat khi co qua tai ngan han thng xay ra trong ieu kien lam viec bnh thng nh khi ong, dong ien nh trong o th phu tai cong nghe.

Yeu cau chung la dong nh mc cua moc bao ve aptomat khong c nho hn dong ien tnh toan. Iaptomat ( Itt Tuy theo ac tnh, ac iem lam viec cu the cua phu tai thng chon dong nh mc cua moc bao ve bang 125% ( 150% hay ln hn na so vi dong ien tnh toan.1.5. Nam cham ien:

1. Khai niem chung:Trong ky thuat ien cong nghiep ngi ta thng dung nhieu en nam cham .

Nam cham vnh cu, lam bang vat kieu sat t cng, co t d va lc gi t ln.

Nam cham ien co loi lam bang vat lieu co o t tham ln, c t hoa bi dong ien i qua cuon day quan tren loi thep. Vat lieu sat t chia lam 3 loai:

- Loai sat t mem co lc gi t nho, o t tham tng oi ln. ng cong t tre hep nen ton hao t tre be. Sat t mem thng dung lam mach t cho may ien, thiet b ien xoay chieu va mot chieu, mot so vat lieu thuoc loai nay nh gang, cac thep ky thuat ien, thep Pecmaloi( hp kim cua sat t t 30 ( 85% Ni, co o t tham gap 5 ( 50 loai thep ky thuat ien) lc gi t rat nho, khoang 0,02A/cm.

- Loai sat t cng co t d va lc gi t ln, thng dung lam nam cham vnh cu.

- Loai t ien moi la loai co tnh chat trung gian gia vat lieu sat t va khong sat t. T ien moi lam bang bot sat t co o t tham ln.

2. Khai niem ve nam cham ien:

Nam cham ien la mot bo phan rat quang trong cua kh cu ien, c dung pho bien oi ien nang ra c nang trong kh cu ien. Nam cham ien con s dung rong rai nhieu lnh vc khac nhau nh t ong hoa, cac loai rle, cong tac t...

Trong cong nghiep, thng c che tao dung cau truc e nang cac thep tam, trong truyen ong ien, c dung trong cac bo ly hp, cac van ien t, trong sinh hoat thng thay chuong ien, loa ien, noi cm ien....

Nam cham ien gom 2 bo phan chnh:

Cuon day (phan ien).

Mach t

Thc te ta thng gap 2 loai sau:

Loai co nap chuyen ong: gom cuon day, loi sat t va nap (H.a).Khi co dong ien chay trong cuon day, se sinh lc hut ien t va hut nap ve pha loi. Khi cat ien, lc hut mat, nap nha.

Loai khong co nap: gom cuon day va loi sat t. oi vi loai nay, cac vat lieu sat, thep can hut c xem la nap.

Viec tnh toan nam cham ien rat phc tap, nen ta ch can e cap en cac c cau ien t hay gap nhieu kh cu ien. Khi cho dong ien vao cuon day se sinh ra t trng, t thong xuyen qua vat lieu sat t theo ng khep kn. Cho t thong i ra la cc bac (N) cho i vao la cc nam (S). Ta thay cc tnh cua vat lieu sat t khac dau vi cc tnh cua cuon day. Neu oi chieu dong ien trong cuon day th t trng se oi chieu vat lieu sat t van co cc tnh khac dau vi cuon day, ket qua van b hut vao cuon day. V vay, khi loi t mang cuon day co dong ien (ke ca dong xoay chieu) t trng se lam cho nap b t hoa va hut nap ve pha loi.

1.6. Cong tac t va khi ong t:

1. Cong tac t: a. Cau tao:

Cong tac t la mot cong tac ien t khi ong t xa, s dung cho nhng mach co cong suat ln. No co nguyen ly giong nh rle va luon luon co hai mach ien rieng biet: Mach ieu khien va mach ong lc. Tuy theo nhiem vu va cong suat cua mach ma ngi ta phan biet lam hai loai: Thiet b chnh (mach ong lc cho tai) va thiet b phu (mach ieu khien). Thiet b ieu khien c ng dung trong cong nghiep ch e ieu khien mot so cac thiet b khac, no co kch thc nho hn cac cong tac t dung trong mach ong lc. He thong mach t: mach t co nh va mach t di ong va cuon day

He thong tiep iem: gom tiep iem co nh va tiep iem di ong

C cau truyen ong he thong tiep iem: gia mang tiep iem di ong, lo xo nha mach hoac nh khoi lng mach t di ong.

Buong dap ho quang

b. Nguyen ly lam viec:

Khi co dong ien qua cuon day lap at loi mach t co nh, th cuon day tao ra t lc hut mach t di ong, v do lc hut ln hn lc can cua loxo nen cac tiep iem ong mach dan dong ien i qua thiet b ien (ong c lam viec)

Muon cat mach, ch an OFF th dong ien qua cuon day b ngat ay cac tiep ra cat dong ien va ong c.

c. Phan loai:

Tuy theo nguon ien cung cap cho cong tac t hoat ong ma thiet ke cho phu hp nen thng gap 2 loai cong tac t:

Cong tac to xoay chiei 1 pha va 3 pha

Cong tac t mot chieu

2. Khi ong t: tng t nh cong tac t nhng them bo r le nhiet (OVERLOAD) e bao ve qua tai ong c.

Bo bao ve qua tai (OVERLOAD):

Nhiem vu cua bo bao ve qua tai la khi dong ien chay qua mach chnh dan en mach tieu thu, vt qua dong ien nh mc, th r le nhiet trong bo bao ve qua tai nay se tac ong lam m tiep iem phu cat dong ien cung cap vao cuon day khi ong t. Do o khi ong t ngng lam viec, cat dong ien 3 pha mach chnh khong cung cap ien cho mach tieu thu.

1.7. Dung cu ly hp ien t:

Trong may cong cu, may cat kim loai, ly hp

ien t e hut, nha cac banh rang hop giam toc

e thay oi toc o, thay oi chieu quay, ong cat

bo phan lam viec bang ien mot cach nhe nhang,

tranh c nhng thao tac nang ne bang tay gat c kh. Co the thao tac c trong luc ong c ienvan quay.

Hnh ve ben la nguyen ly cua ly hp ien t 1 a bo tr trong hop giam toc dung e thay oi chieu

quay cua may M trong trng hp ong c van

ch quay mot chieu.

Ly hp ien t co hai na ging nhau, moi na

co gong t 5 va cuon day 6 lap trn tren truc 8. ong c quay theo mot chieu nhat nh nen hai banh rang 2 va 3 cung quay cung chieu.

Qua banh rang 2, na trai cua ly hp ien t quay theo chieu thuan va qua banh rang 3 va 4 na phai quay theo chieu ngc.

Khi cuon day 6 ( na trai ) c tiep ien mot chieu th no se t hut sat vi a 7 (a 7 lap co nh vi truc 8) va lam cho truc may M (8) quay theo chieu thuan.

Neu muon oi chieu quay cua may ta oi chieu cap ien vao cuon day 6 t na trai sang na phai th truc M se quay theo chieu nhc lai.

Ngoai ly hp ien t 1 a nh hnh ve, ngi ta con che tao ly hp ien t nhieu a va c dung trong cac hop bien toc e oi cap toc .KET QUA HOC TAP 2

PHAN TCH, GIAI THCH CAC MACH IEN C BAN IEU KHIEN ONG C2.1. MOT SO MACH IEN IEU KHIEN TRC TIEP ONG C. Hiu c cac nguyen tac t ong khong che

Nam c cac s o nguyen ly m may va ao chieu quay ong c trc tiep bang khi ong t.

Nam c cac s o nguyen ly lam viec t ong gii han hanh trnh va ao chieu quay. Nam c cac s o nguyen ly m may gian tiep cac ong c khong ong bo ba pha. T ong m may ong c bang phng phap oi noi sao / tam giac dung rle thi gian.

2.1.1. Khai niem ve cac nguyen tac t ong khong che:

Muon may cong nghiep lam viec vi nang suat cao, chat lng san pham tot phai thc hien ung qui trnh cong nghe va bao am an toan, nhat thiet phai ap dung t ong hoa.

Chng nay khao sat mot so nguyen tac pho bien ve khong che t ong dung khi ong t va rle thi gian, xet ky ve nguyen ly lam viec va cong dung thc te. Co the chia nhng nguyen tac t ong khong che ra nh sau:

1. T ong khong che cac truyen ong ien theo hanh trnh:

ay la mot dang t ong hoa c s dung dung nhieu tuy mc, chnh xac khong cao lam nhng n gian nen c ng dung pho bien may cong cu nh may phay, may bao, may mai, may tien... cac may ton can thep, cac can cau, pa lang ien, e qui nh mc o gii han lam viec theo qui trnh cong nghe nham am bao an toan.

Thiet b chnh trong mach ien t ong hoa theo hanh trnh la cac cong tac hanh trnh, cong tac cuoi.

2. T ong khong che theo thi gian:

c s dung trong trng hp: m may, ham may nh khi khi ong oi noi Y/(, khi ong ong c quan day qua ien tr (phai co thi gian cach nhau vai giay gia hai lan cat ien tr). Khong che cac truyen ong ien trong mot day chuyen, trong mot may, bang tai can nguyen lieu chay trc, bang tai cuoi chay sau. may phay ging truyen ong chnh quay dao phai chay trc, sau o mi m may truyen ong an dao... Thiet b dung e khong che ay la rle thi gian.

3. T ong khong che theo toc o: Thiet b chu yeu c s dung trong dang t ong khong che nay la rle toc o. Khong che theo toc o dung pho bien trong trng hp ham ngc ong c ien may khoan khi nang ha xa, phai phoi hp chat che moi khi xa c kep chat th toc o ong c cham lai, tiep iem cua rle toc o m ra e cat ien vao ong c.

may tien, phay truyen ong chnh can ham nhanh e nang cao nang suat, dung rle toc o kieu cam ng lap cung truc vi may e ong m tiep iem mach ieu khien ao chieu hai day vao ong c gay ra t trng ham ngc cho may ng lai ngay.

4. T ong khong che theo phu tai:

Phng phap nay thng s dung cac s o t ong m may ong c ien, thiet b lam nhiem vu khong che la rle dong ien. Nguyen tac dong ien kha chnh xac, nen c s dung nhieu lnh vc .

Trong may cat got kim loai khi can phai khong che t ong tr so lc sinh ra tren bo phan nao o nh cac thiet b ga lap, cac o ga e gi chat vat gia cong, cac c cau kep xa may bao ging. can truc, can khong che mc nang toi a vat nang vi toc o nao o... ay la cach khong che theo phu tai bang rle dong ien.

5. T ong khong che theo nhiet o:

Phan ln cac may lam viec theo nhiet o nh may ep, lo say, noi c ien... dung cu dung e khong che la ien tr nhiet hoac ban dan.

* Tom lai co nhieu phng phap khac nhau e thc hien cac nguyen tac t ong khong che nhng eu phai am bao s lien ong gia cac truyen ong khac nhau trong may e am bao an toan nh: lien ong gia truyen ong chnh va truyen ong an dao, gia truyen ong kep va xa va truyen ong di chuyen xa gia bo phan chuyen ong nay vi chuyen ong khac, gia toc o thap vi toc o cao...2.1.2. Cac mach ien ng dung t ong khong che:

Mot so k hieu cua thiet b ien ien tTTTEN THIET BK HIEU

KHACTHNG DUNG

1

2

3

4

5Cuon day khi ong t

Tiep iem khi ong t

Thng m

Thng ong

Tiep iem thng m rle thi gian

M cham

ong cham

ong,m,cham

Tiep iem thng kn rle thi gian

M cham

ong cham

ong,m,cham

Nut an

Thng m

Thng ong

Rle nhiet

1. Mach ien m may va bao ve ong c ien:

a. S o nguyen ly:

EMBED Visio.Drawing.11 Hnh 1. S o nguyen ly ieu khien ong c trc tiep mot v trb.Van hanh:

ong cau dao CD an nut ON khi ong t K se lam viec ong cac tiep iem ong lc K lai cap ien cho ong c lam viec, mach luon lam viec nh tiep iem duy tr K. Muon dng ong c ta an nut OFF cat ien qua cuon hut K ngng lam viec m cac tiep iem ong lc K ra ong c ngng lam viec.

Hnh 2. S o nguyen ly ieu khien hai v tr hoac nhieu v tr:2.2. PHAN TCH S O NGUYEN LY MOT SO MACH IEN IEU KHIEN TRC TIEP AO CHIEU QUAY ONG C2.2.1. ao chieu quay ong c dung khi ong t

1. Mach ien ieu khien ong c quay hai chieu dung nut nhan n:

a. S o nguyen ly:

2. Mach ien ieu khien ong c quay hai chieu dung nut nhan kep

c.Van hanh:

* Chay thuan: ong cau dao CD an MT khi ong t T lam viec ong cac tiep iem ong lc T lai ong c lam viec theo chieu thuan, va tiep tuc duy tr nh tiep iem duy tr T. Muon dng ong c ta an nut OFFT khi ong t T ngng lam viec ngat cac tiep iem ong l T cat ien ong c ngng lam viec.

* Chay ngc: An MN khi ong t N lam viec ong cac tiep iem ong lc N lai ong c lam viec theo chieu ngc do luc nay pha P2 va P3 trao pha nhau, va tiep tuc duy tr nh tiep iem duy tr N. Muon dng ong c ta an nut OFFN khi ong t N ngng lam viec ngat cac tiep iem ong l N cat ien ong c ngng lam viec. Mach ien khong the lam viec mot luc hai che o c do hai tiep iem thng ong T va N gay cheo nhau.

Mach ien bao ve ngan mach bi cac cau ch va bao ve qua tai ong c nh cac rle nhiet.

Mach ao chieu quay do P2 va P3 quan oi v tr KT QU HC TP 3:PHAN TCH, GIAI THCH CAC MACH IEN KHONG CHE TRUYEN ONG IEN.

Bai giang: MOT SO MACH IEN IEU KHIEN KHONG CHE LIEN ONG

3.1. Mach ien m may theo trnh t qui nh: Ta biet rang moi may co nhieu chuyen ong, dung nhieu ong c rieng biet khac nhau, cac chuyen ong o lai co nhng ieu kien nhat nh co lien quan lan nhau nh: Truyen ong bm dau trong may phai lam viec trc truyen ong chnh, neu bm dau hong th ong c chnh phai dng lai, truyen ong ban may phay ch lam viec c khi truc chnh a quay, neu truc chnh ngng th ban may cung ngng theo

3.1.1. Chay ong c bm dau: Sau khi ong cau dao CD an nut M1 khi ong, M1 co ien ong mach ong lc cho b dau M2 chay. Tiep iem duy tr K1 ong lai e am bao bao th t m may.

3.1.2. Chay ong c chnh: Ch sau khi bm dau co ien, ta an nut M2 th khi ong t K2 co ien ong cac tiep iem ong lc lai ong c truc chnh lam viec.

3.1.3. T ong tat may: Neu co s co qu ti hoac bm dau hong .. th rle nhiet tac ong, nha khi ong t M1 cua bm dau ra, tiep iem duy tr m, cat ien vao cuon day M2 ng c truc ong c truc chnh ngng lam viec.

3.2. Mach ien t ong gii han hanh trnh:

3.2.1.S o nguyey ly:

3.2.2.Khai quat: Trong may cong nghiep nhieu trng hp phai gii han 1 hoac ca 2 au cua mot chuyen ong nh: han che moc treo cua cau truc khong c len cao qua mc qui nh, han che s chuyen ong len xuong cua xa ngang trong cac may c ln nh may khoan, may bao ging, han che s chuyen ong ve hai pha cua ban may bao ging, cua xe cau chan e, cua xe nho tren cau truc....eu dung hnh thc t ong nh hnh ve. Chuyen ong thang cua ban may A do ong c am nhan, ban may ch c phep chuyen ong trong pham vi B e C. hai au B va C at hai cong tac hanh trnh 1BK va 2BK.

3.2.3. Van hanh:

* Chay may ve pha B: Sau khi ong cau dao, an vao M1 khi ong t KB co ien (mach 1-3-5-7-9 cuon KB 4-2) ong ien 3 pha vao ong c quay thuan, a vat A t C en B. en B, mau 1 va vao 1BK lam tiep iem 5-7 tren mach khong che m ra, khi ong t KB mat ien, nha 3 tiep iem ben mach ng lc ra, ong c se ngng lai.

* Chay may ve pha C: an vao M2, khi ong t KH co ien(mach 1-3-11-13-15-cuon KH-4-2) ong ien(ao pha) 3 pha vao ong c quay ngc, a vat A t B en C. Khi vat A en C neu ta khong an T cat ien th mau 2 va vao 2BK lam cho 11-13 m ra, khi ong t KH mat ien, ong c se t ong ngng lai.

3.3. Mach ien gii han hanh trnh va oi chieu chuyen ong:

3.3.1. S o nguyen ly:3.3.2. Van hanh:

* Chay ban ve pha B: Sau khi ong cau dao CD an vao nut M1, khi ong t KB co ien( mach 1-3-5-7-9-cuon KB-4-2) ong ien vao ong c e a ban may t C en B.

* T ong oi chieu: en B mau 1 se va vao 1BK e m tiep iem 5-7 ra, khi ong t KB se nha, ban may dng lai. Luc nay tiep iem 3-11 cua 1BK ong lai e tiep ien cho khi ong t KH( mach 1-3-11-13-15-17 cuon KH-4-2) khi ong t KH hut se ong ien ( a ao chieu) cho ong c e a ban may t B en C. Hanh trnh kn cua ban may ao chieu c nh the tiep dien.

* Tat may: An vao nut T, khi ong t KB hoac Kh se nha ra ong c dng lai.

3.4. Mach ien lien ong gia cac ong c:

3.4.1. S o nguyen ly:

3.4.2. Khai quat:

Gia truyen ong chnh va truyen ong bm dau boi trn cua nhng may ln va may nang th yeu cau lien ong phai chat che hn, ngha la bm dau phai van hanh trc, khi u ap lc th rle ap suat dau RA ong lai, luc o mi chay c truyen ong chnh. Neu v mot ly do nao o, he thong dau khong hoat ong c, th truyen ong chnh phai ngng lai.

Nhng e e cho dao khong cam vao chi tiet gia cong can phai cho truyen ong chnh tiep tuc lam them 1 khoang thi gian na nh rle thi gian.

Tom lai: truyen ong chnh phai chay sau, ngng sau bm dau 1 thi gian ngan na nh rle RA va rle thi gian RB.

3.4.3. Van hanh:

* Chay ong c chnh: Sau khi ong c bm dau a ong vao li mot thi gian, ap lc dau tang len u yeu cau th tiep iem 5-7 cua rle ap lc( kieu lo xo) dau RA kn. Rle trung gian RT c tiep ien ( mach 1-3-5-7 cuon RT-2) tiep iem thng m 15-17 cua no ong lai chuan b m may truyen ong chnh, ong thi tiep iem 9-11 m ra cat ien rle thi gian RB. Luc nay co the an M2 e

khi ong t KC tac ong ( mach 1-13-15-17-19-cuon KC-6-2). ong ong c chnh vao li lam viec.

* Ngng may t ong: Neu s co th khi ong t KD nha lam ong c bm dau D ngng quay. Rle trung gian RT cung mat ien, tiep iem 15-17 m ra nhng khi ong t KC van ong ( mach 1-13-17-19-cuon KC-6-2) nh o ong c chnh C van tiep tuc quay.

Sau khi RT nha, tiep iem 9-11 ong lai, rle thi gian RB c ong ien( mach 1-9-11-cuon RB-2) mot thi gian sau tiep iem cua no (17-19) m ra cat ien vao khi ong t KC, lam ong c chnh C b mat ien va ngng lai sau mot thi gian tuy ieu chnh RB.

QUA HOC TAP 4

PHAN TCH, GIAI THCHCAC MACH IEN GIAN TIEP IEU KHIEN ONG C4.1. Phan tch s o nguyen ly ieu khien ong c bang phng phap oi noi sao/tam giac4.1.1. Mach m may Y/( dung Timer co cung ien ap nh mc vi khi ong t:* Van hanh: + Khi ong: Sau khi ong cau dao CD ta an vao M cuon dsay K va Y co ien tac ong (mach 1-3-5-K-4-2 va 1-3-5-7-Y-6-4-2) e ong cac tiep iem chnh cua mach ong lc la K va Y lai, ong c khi ong theo hnh Y luc nay rle thi gian PB cung co ien ( mach 1-3-5-PB-4-2) va tat ca eu c duy tr bang tiep iem 3-5.

+ Sau mot thi gian duy tr can thiet e toc o ong c at xap x nh mc th tiep iem thng ong cua PB(5-7) m ra e cat khi ong t Y, tiep iem hnh sao mach stato nha ra, tiep tuc tiep iem thng m, ong cham 3-9 cua PB ong lai e cap ien cho khi ong t tam giac(() tac ong (mach 1-3-9-8-4-2) tiep iem chnh ong lai ong c lam viec che o nay.

+ Hai tiep iem phu lien ong 6-4 va 8-4 cua Y va ( mach khong che co tac dung am bao an toan, tranh s co tac ong nham cung mot luc gay ra ngan mach.4.1.2. Mach m may Y/( dung nut an:

* Nguyen ly lam viec: Khi an MY khi ong t Y va khi ong t K lam viec, ong c lam viec che o Y.Sau khoang 3 en 5 giay an nut OFFY khi ong t Y ngng lam viec,nhng toc o ong c van con quay va khi ong t K van lam viec nh tiep iem duy tr K, an lien M( khi ong t ( lam viec va ong c lamviec che o ( va ong c lam viec che o nay.

Hai tiep iem gay cheo tranh hai khi ong t Y va ( lam viec cung mot luc.

Muon ong c lam viec che o ( th phai an MY trc. Neu an M( trc th khong lam viec c.4.1.3. Mach m may Y/( dung Timer khong cung ien ap nh mc vi khi ong t4.2. Phan tch s o nguyen ly ieu khien ong c bang phng phap dung may t bien ap , cuon khang, va R

4.2.1. T ong m may ong c long soc bang R-L hoac may bien ap t ngau: 1. S o:

Khi m may ong c long soc thong thng dong ien khi ong vot len t 5 en 7 lan dong ien nh mc, oi vi ong c co cong suat ln ma ng day tai ien hoac tram may bien ap nho th dong ien se giam xuong nhieu lam anh hng en cac thiet b ien khac chung ng day .

Nh vay e giam dong ien m may, ta co the au stato qua ien tr phu, qua qua ien khang hoac qua may bien ap t ngau. M may qua may bien ap t ngau la tot nhat v:

Phng phap nay giam c dong ien m may ma momen m may giam t hn cac trng hp khac. No c ap dung trong cac truyen ong co momen quan tnh ln, sau o en phng phap m may qua ien khang, qua ien tr phu.2. S o nguyen ly:

* Van hanh:

ong cau dao CD roi an nut ON, khi ong t K1 co ien, se ong cac tiep iem chnh mach ong lc e ong c khi ong qua bien ap t ngau hoac ( L,R) tiep iem duy tr K1 ong lai. Rle thi gian co ien, sau thi gian duy tr nhat nh tiep iem rle thi gian ong lai cap ien cho K2 co ien lam viec va tiep iem thng ong K2 m ra ngat may bien ap t ngau ra, va ong tiep iem ong lc K2 lai, a ien ba pha trc tiep vao ong c, qua trnh m may ket thuc.

4.2.2. Mach bao ve ong c 3 pha mat pha:

Khi ong c 3 pha ang van hanh, ot nhien b mat mot pha, ong c van lam viec bnh thng nhng cng o dong ien trong hai pha con lai tang vot len kha cao. Neu bo bao ve qua tai tac ong cham se lam chay ong c, e bao ve tch cc ong c khi van hanh b mat pha ta co the mac mach sau:

1. S o nguyen ly:

2. Van hanh: theo hnh ve, rle phu c mac vao gia 2 iem trung tnh gia N/ va day trung tnh N. Do 3 tu ien noi hnh Y, nen iem trung tnh gia N/ co ien ap 0v bang vi ien ap ov cua day trung tnh N. V vay, khi an nut ON cho ong c van hanh, do ien ap gia hai iem N va N/ bang 0, nen rle phu R khong hoat ong, tiep iem thng ong R van ong mach nh luc ban au.

Trong trng hp 1 trong 3 pha b mat pha,do s mat can bang trong mach 3 tu ien au Y. Nen bay gi tai iem N/ xuat hien ien ap khoang 15v nen rle phu R hoat ong cat tiep iem R h mach, tac ong lam cuon day K mat ien ngng lam viec, cat nguon cung cap cho ong c.

4.3. Mac mach ao chieu quay ong c 1 pha dung khi ong t

4.3.1. Mach ien bao ve va m may ong c: 1. S o nguyen ly: ay la cach m may trc tiep, ong c long soc. Dong ien m may cao nhng momen ln. Thng dung pho bien cac ong c co cong suat thap va trung bnh.Mach ien gom cau ch e bao ve s co ngan mach, Rle nhiet bao ve qua tai ong c.2.Van hanh:

ong cau dao CD an nut ON khi ong t K se lam viec ong cac tiep iem ong lc K lai cap ien cho ong c lam viec, mach luon lam viec nh tiep iem duy tr K. Muon dng ong c ta an nut OFF cat ien qua cuon hut K ngng lam viec m cac tiep iem ong lc K ra ong c ngng lam viec.4.3.2. Mach ao chieu quay ong c mot dung khi ong t:

1. S o nguyen ly:

2. Van hanh: An nut MT khi ong t T lam viec cap nguon cho ong c lam viec theo chieu thuan. Luc nay theo hnh ve th day pha ( P ) noi vi au day so 5va so 1 cua ong c con day trung tnh noi vi au so 4 va so 6 cua cua ong c.

Muon cho ong c quay ngc ta an nut DT luc nay khi ong t T mat ien ngng lam viec. Ta an nut MN th khi ong t N co ien lam viec cap nguon cho ong c quay ngc v luc nay theo hnh ve th day trung tnh N noi vi au day so 4 va so 5 cua ong c con day pha P noi vi au day so 6 va so 1 do au day e so 6 chuyen sang chum vi so 1 nen ong c oi chieu. Muon dng ong c ta an nut DT hoac DN .

KQHT5

PHAN TCH, GIAI THCHCAC MACH IEN HAM ONG C

Muc ch:

Sau khi hoc xong bai nay cac ban hieu c mot so van e sau:

Nam c cac phng phap ham ong c khong ong bo ba pha

Nam c s o nguyen ly, cach van hanh mach ham ong nang dung rle thi gian va ham ngc ong c

oc thanh thao nguyen ly lam viec khi co ban ve nguyen ly cac mach ham thong dung.

Noi dung:

5.1. Cac phng phap ham thong dung:

1. Ham ong c bang phanh c kh:

Roto ong c ien luon c gi chat bang cac tam ma sat(khi cha co ien vao stato) hoac lo xo. Muon chay ong c th ong ien vao stato ong thi vi viec cap ien vao phanh nam cham ien hoac phanh thuy lc tac ong vao loxo c kh e nha ma sat cho roto t ong quay.

Khi cat ien vao stato, ong thi phanh thuy lc cung mat ien, cac tam ma sat lap tc gi chat roto lai, thng dung can cau palang ien, cac ong c ien nganh may mac....

2. Ham ong nang:

Muon thc hien ham ong nang phai cat ong c ra khoi li ien xoay chieu va a ien mot chieu vao cuon day stato. Dong ien mot chieu chay trong cuon day stato tao nen t trng ng yen. Trong luc mi cat ien vao stato van con a quay nhng thanh long soc tren roto van quay cat ng sc t tnh stato se xuat hien dong ien cam ng vong ngan mach. Tac dung cua dong ien roto vi t trng stato tao nen nen momen ien t ham roto ng lai.

ien mot chieu thng lay t nguon xoay chieu qua chnh lu hoac lay ngay ca roto neu la ong c roto day quan.

Ham ong nang co u iem la ton t nang lng, ong c thng xuyen ong m, oi chieu quay thng ap dung cach ham nay. Toc o cang ln th lc ham cang manh, momen ham giam theo toc o, khi toc on n = 0 th momen ham cung bang 0. Can cau, may nang v tr ha hang co tai thng ap dung phng phap nay.

3. Ham tai sinh:

Khi nao toc o ong c ang quay n ln hn toc o ong bo cua no ( n> n1) th se co ham tai sinh. Trong thc te thng ap dung ham tai sinh cho ong c 2 cap toc o. Gia s mot ong c ang lam viec toc o cao nc ng vi so oi cc P t, em cat ien roi roi chuyen ngay sang so oi cc P nhieu nt th ong c nay se co ham tai sinh thng dung trong nhng may cat got kim loai.

4. Ham ngc:

ong c ang quay, neu em oi th t 2 pha th ong c se co ham ngc v roto luc nay quay ngc chieu vi t trng stato. Ham ngc la mot phng phap ham manh, momen ham ln nhng ong c b nong nhieu nen thng co ien tr noi tiep vi cuon day stato e han che dong ien khi ham. Khi roto ang ngng, phai cat ong c ra khoi li ien e tranh ong c quay ngc. Ngoai ra con co the ham ong c bang cach at ien ap ngc vao roto day quan hoac mot tan so thap hn 50Hz vao stato.

5.2. Mot so mach ien ng dung ham ong c:

1. Ham ong nang:

a. Khai quat ve ham ong nang:

Muon thc hien ham ong nang phai cat ong c ra khoi li ien xoay chieu va a ien mot chieu vao cuon day stato. Dong ien mot chieu chay trong cuon day stato tao nen t trng ng yen. Trong luc mi cat ien vao stato th roto van con a quay nhng thanh long soc , tren roto ang quay cat ng sc cua t trng tnh stato xuat hien dong ien cam ng vong ngan mach.

Tac dung cua dong ien roto vi t trng stato tao nen momen ien t ham roto ng lai.

b. S o nguyen ly:

c. Van hanh: *. Chay may: An nut M khi ong t K co ien ( mach 1-3-5-7-2) ong c vao li ien lam viec. Tiep iem 9-11 m ra khong cho H tac ong nham am bao an toan, tiep iem 1-13 ong lai e rle thi gian RB hoat ong (mach 1-13-2) ong tiep iem cua no lai e chuan b cho ham may.

*. Tat va t ong ham may: An nut OFF, khi ong t K ngng lam viec, ngat ong c khoi li ien va cat ien vao rle thi gian RB. Khi ong t H luc nay co ien ( mach 1-9-11-2) lam viec ong bo bien ap va chnh lu a ien mot chieu vao 2 pha ong c ( day quan stato) e ham may.

Sau mot thi gian duy tr tiep iem 1 9 cua rle thi gia(thng m m cham) m ra, khi ong t H ngng lam viec, qua trnh ham ong nang ket thuc.

* Hien nay loai rle nay rat kho tm nen ta dung mach ham ong nang ng vi rle thong dung hien nay nh sau:*. S o nguyen ly:

*. Van hanh:

Khi an nut OFF cho ong c ngng, khi ong t K ngng hoat ong nen tiep iem thng ong K tra lai ong mach, cap ien cho rle H va rle thi gian tg lam viec. Cac tiep iem H ong lai a dong ien mot chieu vao day quan stato ong c, bo day quan tao thanh nam cham ien tac ong len roto , v the ong c nhanh chong ngng ngay, sau mot thi gian hieu chnh trc, rle thi gian chuyen mach tiep iem 8 5 m ra cat dong ien cung cap cho rle H, nen dong ien mot chieu c cat ra khong cho bo day quan b nung nong bi dong ien mot chieu nay.

*. ao chieu quay ong c co ham ong nang:

+.S o nguyen ly:

* Van hanh: Tng t nh ong c quay mot chieu , luc nay ta them mot khi ong t na e ao chieu quay ong c, qua trnh ham giong nh mach mot chieu.

2. Ham ngc:

a. Ham ngc ong c quay mot chieu:

a1. S o nguyen ly:

a2. Van hanh:

*. Chay may: An nut M khi ong t K1 co ien ong ba pha vao cho ong c lam viec. Khi toc o cao th rle toc o PKC1 ong tiep iem cua no lai ( chuan b ham may) va he thong lam viec bnh thng.

*.Dng va ham may: An vao nut T, khi ong t K1 mat ien, cat ong c ra khoi nguon, ong thi tiep iem 9-11 ong lai e tiep ien cho khi ong t K2 . Khi ong t K2 co ien ( a ao pha) vao stato e thc hien ham ngc.

Khi toc o ong c giam, rle toc o PKC m tiep iem 1-9 cua no, qua trnh ham ngc ket thuc v khi ong t K2 cung nha ra.

b. Ham ngc ong c quay hai chieu:

b1 .S o nguyen ly:

b2. Van hanh:

*. Chay thuan: An nut M1, khi ong t K1 co ien ong ien ba pha vao ong c quay thuan, tiep iem 13 15 cua no m ra e am bao an toan ien. Khi toc o ong c tang cao th tiep iem PKC1 tac ong ong tiep iem 1 13 ( chuan b ham may) va m tiep iem 13 15( e an toan) cua no ra, he thong lam viec bnh trhng

*. Tat va ham may:

An vao nut T khi ong t K1 nha ra cat ong c khoi nguon ien, ong thi tiep iem 13 15 ong lai e tiep ien cho khi ong t K2 lam viec.Khi ong ong mach ong lc( ao pha) vao stato e thc hien ham may.

Khi toc o ong c giam , rle toc o PKC m tiep iem cua no ( 1-13) ra, qua trnh ham may ket thuc v ca hai khi ong t K1 va K2 eu nha, tiep iem 11-13 lai c ong vao e chuan b cho qua trnh lam viec mi.

*. Chay may ngc va ham may: Tng t nh chay thuan nhng an vao M2 va tiep iem PKC2 cua rle toc o hoat ong e thc hien ham may.

KET QUA HOC TAP 6

PHAN TCH NGUYEN LY LAM VIECCAC MACH IEN MAY CONG CUMuc ch :

Sau khi hoc xong chng nay cac ban hieu mot so van e sau:

Nam c khai niem c ban ve may cong cu

Nam c mot so mach ien c ban trong cac may cong cu

oc va phan tch nguyen ly lam viec cac mach ien trong may cong cu mot cach thanh thao.

Noi dung:

6.1. Thang may dung ong c long soc:

1. S o nguyen ly:

2. Mo ta nhng ac iem va trang b ien cua thang may:

Thang may co nhieu loai: thang may van chuyen thang ng, thang may van chuyen xien. ong lc thng dung ong c ien 3 pha qua hop giam toc e keo buong thang (loai co toc o cham di 0,75m/s).

Nhng thang may hien ai, toc o nhanh > 1,5m/s lai dung ong c toc o cham truyen ong trc tiep khong qua hop giam toc. Ve mach ieu khien, n gian nhat th dung rle va khi ong t, lai co nhng thang may s dung vi machComputer co c cau ngng chnh xac, khi khi ong cung nh luc ngng co qua trnh qua o nho, gia toc hp ly nhat e ngi ng tren thang may em ai, nhe nhang.

Thiet b trong thang may phai am bao an toan cao, dung cac c cau bao ve chat che nh: phanh ham ien t, cong tac hanh trnh, bo ham han che toc o, em dau.....

Hnh ve tren la s o ien cua thang may chay cham, cong nghiep a phng a che tao, truyen ong ien cha t ong hoa cao, dung ong c 3 pha roto long soc, mach ieu khien kieu ien t, n gian gia thanh thap lam viec an toan.

ong c dung ong c ien 3 pha 380v qua hop giam toc e keo buong thang may ch hang len xuong nha 3 tang, thang may nay cung dung cho ngi len xuong khi can thiet.

Trang b ien buong thang may lien he vi bang ieu khien bang day mem nhieu si. ong c ien c gii han hanh trnh len xuong bang cac cong tac iem cuoi T3 va T1 c at tang 3 va tang 1 v tr cao nhat va v tr thap nhat ma buong thang may len xuong c.

Trong mach khong che co mot loat khoa C1, C2 , C3, e tang o an toan, ay la cong tac ca, khi ca buong thang a c ong kn th C1, C2 ,C3 mi kn mach, ieu khien thang may mi hoat ong.

Cac nut dng D1, D2 ,D3 at buong thang, nut X1, X2 at tang 2 va tang 3, nut L2,L3, at tang 1 va tang 2 la cac nut an e goi va ieu khien buong thang, c lap song song vi nhau cac tang.

Cac en tn hieu 1, D2, 3 cung at tren 3 bang ieu khien(song song) ch v tr cua buong thang may hien ang tang nao cho ngi ieu khien biet.

Trong mach ien thc te phai dung ti 4 khi ong t cho 2 cho hai ong tac len, xuong cua buong thang, neu dung cong tac chuyen oi tang ket hp vi rle thi gian th ch can hai khi ong t cung at yeu cau ieu khien linh hoat.

3. Cach ieu khien:

Gia s buong thang ang tang 1 muon len tang 2 ( Aptomat a ong ien san sang). An nut L2, khi ong t L2 tac ong(mach 1-3-7-9-11-13-15-17-45-47-

49-4-2) cap ien vao ong c quay thuan a buong thang thang len tang 2, luc nay tiep iem 13-19 va 35-37 m ra e vo hieu hoa L3,X1, X2.....

Khi buong thang len en tang 2 th cham vao cong tac han v HL2 m tiep iem 47-49 ra, ien vao khi ong t KL2 b cat, ong c dng lai, en 2 sang len cho biet buong thang may a ngng tang 2.

Neu thang may ang tang 1, en 1 sang ma khach lai muon len thang tang 3 th an vao nut L3 khi ong t KL3 tac ong ( mach 1-3-5-7-9-11-13-19-21-23-25-27-4-2) cap ien vao ong c quay thuan a buong thang len thang tang 3. Luc nay cac tiep iem 13-15 va 29 -31 m ra e vo hieu hoa nut L2,X1,X2. Khi buong thang len en tang 3 th cham vao cong tac han v HL3, no b an m tiep iem 25-27 ra cat ien vao cuon day khi ong t KL3, ong c mat ien va phanh lai, en 3 sang len e khach biet la thang may a dng tang 3.

Thang may ang tang 3, khach muon xuong tang 2 th an vao nut X2 khi ong t KX2 c tiep ien ( mach 1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-35-37-39-41-KX2-2-4) a ao chieu e ong c quay ngc lai buong thang i xuong tang 2. Luc nay cac tiep iem 19-21 va 43-45 m ra e vo hieu hoa nut L3,L2,X1. Khi buong thang xuong ti mc cham vao cong tac ham v HX2, tiep iem 39-41 m ra cat ien vao khi ong t KX2 ong c ngnbg va phanh ngay lai. en 2 lai sang len cho biet thang may a dng tang 2.

Trng hp thang may ang tang 3( en 3 sang) muon xuong thang tang 1 th an vao nut X1, khi ong t KX1 c tiep ien ( mach 1-3-5-7-9-11-13-29-31-33-KX1-4-2) ong 3 tiep iem chnh( a ao pha) e ong c quay ngc ha buong thang xuong tang 1. Luc nay cac tiep iem 23-25 va 15-17 m ra e vo hieu hoa cac nut L3,L2,X2.

Khi buong thang a xuong en mc qui nh tang 1 th cham vao cong tac han v HX1, tiep iem 33-HX1 m ra cat ien vao khi ong t HX1, ong c ngng va phanh ngay lai. en 1 sang len cho biet la thang may ang tang 1.

Trng hp thang may khong nam tang ma muon s dung th can c vao en tn hieu e an nut goi thang en( neu luc o buong thang khong co ngi s dung, cac ca a c ong lai) roi lai an nut len hoac xuong nh tren.

6.2. May cat kim loai:

1. Khai niem chung ve may cat kim loai:

may cat kim loai thng co nhieu chuyen ong khac nhau nh: e co the cat got c th dao va phoi phai co cac chuyen ong tng oi vi nhau, e co the gia cong c lien tuc may con phai them mot so chuyen ong khac phuc vu cho qua trnh cat got.

Ngi ta phan cac chuyen ong ong o ra: chuyen ong chnh, chuyen ong an dao va cac chuyen ong phu....

1. Chuyen ong chnh: la chuyen ong lam cho dao cat vao phoi. No co the chuyen ong quay hoac chuyen ong thang, chuyen ong lien tuc hoac chuyen ong gian

oan. Th du may tien, chuyen ong chnh la chuyen ong quay chi tiet gia cong, o la loai chuyen ong lien tuc.

may bao chuyen ong chnh la chuyen ong tnh tien cua chi tiet gia cong, o la loai chuyen ong gian oan.

2. Chuyen ong an dao: la chuyen ong lam di chuyen dao cat hoac chi tiet gia cong e cat ra mot lp phoi mi. Chuyen ong an dao co the lien tuc hoac gian oan. may tien, di chuyen cua dao ve pha phoi cha cat got la chuyen ong an dao, o la loai chuyen ong lien tuc. may mai di chuyen cua chi tiet gia cong ve pha may la chuyen ong an dao.

3. Chuyen ong phu: la nhng chuyen ong khong trc tiep gay ra cat got. Th du chuyen ong e a dao cat vao chi tiet gia cong, chuyen ong e nang ha xa may, bm nc lam mat, t ong o chi tiet gia cong....

e tang nang suat may, e vat gia cong am bao c o chnh xac, o bong phu hp vi yeu cau th truyen ong ien phai t ong hoa, co toc o cat hoac lng an dao kinh te nhat, lam giam bt thi gian phi san xuat nh: ga lap, va thao lay chi tiet gia cong t ong, kiem tra kch thc bang ien t...

6.3. S o ien may khoan ng K125:

1. S o nguyen ly:

2. Trang b ien:

May khoan ng K125 co the khoan c chi tiet gia cong ln nhat ( = 25mm, ngoay ra may con co the dung e khoet lo. ta ro....

ong c truyen ong chnh 1M kieu DK42-4, cong suat 2,8KW, toc o 1420v/p.

ong c bm nc 2M kieu (A22, cong suat 0.125kw, toc o 2800v/p

ong c truyen ong chnh quay c hai chieu, ieu khien bang tay gat c kh e ong m cong tac M(. Cong tac c cau tao nh sau:

Ngng may: e tay gat gia 1M((1-2) m.

Chay phai: keo tay gat xuong di, tiep iem 1-2 cua 1M( va 2-4 cua 3M( ong lai. Tiep iem 2-3 cua 2M( ong tc thi luc o roi lai nha ra ngay.

Chay trai: a tay gat len tren, tiep iem 1-2 cua 1M( va 2-6 cua 2M( ong lai, tiep iem 2-5 cua 3M( ong tc thi luc o roi lai nha ra ngay.

3. Nguyen ly lam viec:

a. Chay may khoan: Keo tay gat xuong di, khi ong t K1 co ien (mach 1-2-3-7-K1-P1) lam viec, ong cac tiep iem ong lc K1 lai ong c truc chnh quay phai. ong thi tiep iem 3-4 cua khi ong t K1 ong lai e t duy tr nen du tiep iem 2-3 cua 2M( a nha nhng khi ong t K1 van ong (mach 1-2-4-3-7-K1-P1). Muon dng ong c ta gat ve gia.

Keo tay gat len tren khi ong t K2 lam viec ong cac tiep iem ong lc K2 lai(ao pha) ong c quay ngc.(trai)

b. Taro bang may khoan: Trc het ta phai chon gii han taro, sau o cho truc chnh t ong quay phai e taro, may se lam viec t ong.

en gii han chon th tiep iem tac ong ong tiep iem (2-5)cua 3M( K2 co ien lam viec ong c quay trai va taro t ong rut ra khoi lo can ren.Ngay sau o tiep iem 2-5 cua 3M( t m ra nhng khi ong t K2 van duy tr.6.4. May tien 1M61(:

1. ac iem lam viec va bao ve cua may:

Trang b ien cua may tien 1M61( Lien Xo cu co 3 ong c ien:

ong c truc chnh 1(, cong suat 3kw, toc o 1450v/p.

ong c bm dau cong suat 0,8kw va ong c bm nc cong suat 0,125kw. ong c truyen ong chnh quay c 2 chieu va co bo tr ham ong nang. Ham ong nang c thc hien nh rle thi gian PB, khi ong t T va bo bien ap+chnh lu TP-B. Yeu cau cua au may khi van hanh phai c ti dau lien tuc nen gia truyen ong chnh va ong c bm dau c bo tr lien ong, ong c bm dau lam viec th mi ong ien e ong c chnh hoat ong, neu mach ien ong c bm dau hong th ong c truyen ong chnh t ong ngng lai. Bao ve ngan mach cho toan he thong bang cau ch, bao ve cho mach ieu khien bang cau ch 2((. Bao ve qua tai cho ong c bang rle nhiet PT.2. S o nguyen ly:

3. Van hanh:

a.Chuan b chay may: ong cau dao CD1 ien i vao cac ma tren khi ong t, vao may bien ap TP.

Tay gat e v tr gia, an nut 2KY e cap ien cho khi ong t ( lam viec (mach 1-3-5-7-cuon (-6-4-2) ong c bm dau 3( lam viec trc.

b. Chay may: Keo tay gat len tren e tiep iem (11-13) cua KB1 ong lai khi ong t B co ien (mach 1-3-5-11-13-15-cuonB-8-6-4-2) ong cac tiep iem ong lc B lai ong c truc chnh 1( lam viec, ong thi no m tiep iem 17-19 e bao am an toan, ong tiep iem 7-9 e rle thi gian PB tac ong(mach 1-3-5-7-9-cuon PB-6-4-2) e chuan b phuc vu ham may.

Neu chay theo chieu ngc th ngc lai luc nay khi ong t H lam viec nh tiem iem KB2 ong .

c. Ngng va ham ong nang: Keo tay gat ve gia, khi ong t B mat ien, cat ong c ra khoi nguon. Tiep iem phu cua khi ong t B (23-25) ong lai va tiep iem cua cong tac KB1 la 3-21 tr ve trang thai ong. Khi ong t T co ien lam viec ong cac tiep iem T lai cap ien mot chieu cho ong c ham, qua trnh ham bat au, luc nay rle thi gian mat ien ngng lam viec tiep iem (7-9 m) nhng ch sau mot thi gian tiep iem m cham 27-29 m nha ra va ham ong nang ket thuc.6.5. May tien T616:

1. ac iem va trang b ien mach ien:

a. Trang b: ong c ien khong ong bo 3 pha 1( kieu A051 - 4( cong suat 4,5kw, toc o 1450v/p e quay truc chnh.

ong c bm nc 3( kieu (A-22 cong suat 0,125kw toc o 2800v/p e bm nc lam mat. ong c bm dau 2( cong suat 0,1kw, toc o 2800v/p.

Bang ien ieu khien co cac phu kien: rle ien ap PH khi ong t chay phai, trai LPva K(, khi ong t bm dau KC, bien ap en soi...

b. Bao ve: ong c truc chnh cua may can quay ca c hai chieu bang hai khi ong t KP va K(, e am bao an toan trong s o ien a thc hien viec khoa cheo bang cac tiep iem thng ong cua chung. Hai tiep iem thng ong 3-4 va 4-6 c au cheo gia hai ong t K( va KP. Khi khi ong t KP ang lam viec, tiep iem thng ong cua no(4-6) m ra,do o du ngi th co vo y keo nham tay gat th cuon day K( cung khong lam viec.

Yeu cau cua au may khi van hanh phai c ti dau lien tuc nen gia ong c truc chnh va ong c bm dau co bo tr lien ong vi nhau nh tiep iem 4-A3 cua KC. Ch khi nao ong c bm dau a ong ien th ong c truc chnh mi hoat ong c.

May c bao ve ngan mach bang cau ch 1( va 2(.

Bao ve ien ap thap va ien ap (o) nh tay gat va rle ien ap PH.

May tien T616 khong bo tr bao ve qua tai.

2. Nguyen ly lam viec:

a. Chuan b chay may: ong cau dao BB ien t nguon se c a vao cac ma tren cua khi ong t, he thong ieu khien va may bien ap an toan. e tay gat v tr gia (0) tiep iem 1-A3 kn, rle ien ap PH hoat ong (mach 1-A1-(C-cuon PH-3A3) tiep iem PH ong lai e t khoa. Chnh v vay nen moi khi mat ien, neu th tien quen khong a tay gat ve gia (iem 0) luc co ien tr lai, may cung khong t ong chay e am bao an toan.

Nhng may co bm dau rieng th luc nay khi ong t KC cua bm dau se hut(mach 1A3-1-7-cuonKC-3A3) ong ien cho ong c bm dau va ong tiep iem 4-3 e chuan b cho mach ieu khien ong c truyen ong chnh. Neu th tien muon chay bm nc ch viec ong cau dao BD.

b. Chay phai: keo tay gat len pha tren, tiep iem (P kn ((C va (( h) ong c bm dau van hoat ong bnh thng nh tiep iem PH van ong. Khi ong t KP hoat ong ( mach 1A3-1-(P-2-KP-3-4-3A3) ong ien cho ong c chnh chay phai, tiep iem 4-6 cua no m ra e phong K( khoi tac ong nham.

c. Ngng may: keo tay gat ve v tr gia, (P se m ra, khi ong KP mat ien nha ra nen ong c 1( ngng lam viec. ong c bm dau van hoat ong bnh thng v (P( van ong.

d. Chay trai: keo tay gat xuong pha di, tiep iem (( kn khi ong t K( ong lai (mach 1A3-1-((-5-K(-6-4-3A3) ong c truc chnh chay trai v mach ong lc th t cua 2 pha a c oi nhau, ong thi tiep iem cua K( la 3-4 se m ra e am bao an toan.

KET QUA HOC TAP 7

TNH TOAN CHON DAY DAN VA THIET B BAO VE CAC THIET B IEN X NGHIEP.

A.Muc ch:

Sau khi hoc xong bai nay cac ban hieu mot so van e sau:

Nam c mot so phng phap sa cha may ien mot chieu

Nam c mot so phng phap sa cha may ien xoay chieu mot pha va ba pha

Tnh toan chon day dan cho cac may ien cong nghiep

Tnh toan chon cac thiet b bao ve he thong ien may cong nghiep

B. Noi dung: I. Kiem tra ieu chnh may ien mot chieu:

May ien mot chieu co nhieu muc e kiem tra nh:

kiem tra cach ien, o ien tr, kiem tra s lam viec choi than....

ay ch gii thieu mot so muc kiem tra can thiet nhat tranh s co nh may chay yeu,nong,phat tia la nhieu choi than.

1. Xac nh ng trung tnh hnh hoc: ngoai nhng may ien 1 chieu khong co cc t phu choi than c xe dch ngc chieu quay e cai thien oi chieu, nhng may ien mot chieu ac biet can ieu chnh toc o... noi chung choi than cua may ien mot chieu phai at v tr ng trung tnh hnh hoc( thng anh dau vanh choi than va nap).

Moi lan thao may ra bao dng phai chu y vach dau nay bang sn o e khoi nham khi lap lai.

a. Phng phap ien ap cc ai: cho may ien mot chieu quay khong tai vi toc o khong oi, on nh, cuon kch t c kch thch oc lap dong ien mot chieu (acqui) ngoai sao cho ien ap may phat pham vi nh mc. Quay choi than tren co gop en cho ma von ke noi vi au ra cua phan ng may phat ien ch mot tr so ln nhat. V tr o chnh la ng trung tnh hnh hoc.

b. Phng phap toc o bang nhau: ta biet rang ong c ien mot chieu co cac cc t phu khi xe dch choi than khoi ng trung tnh hnh hoc ve 1 pha th phan ng phan ng va cac cc t phgu kh t oi vi cac cc t chnh con khi quay ve pha kia la nap t. Can c vao tnh chat nay, ta cho mot ien ap khong oi vao ong c quay khong tai vi dong ien khoang 0,5Im roi dung toc o ke e o toc o quay thuan va toc o quay ngc. V toc o quay ong c phu thuoc vao t thong nen ta ch can quay choi than ti v tr nao o ma toc o quay thuan va toc o quay ngc bang nhau th ay chnh la v tr trung tnh hnh hoc.

c. Phng phap cam ng: phng phap nay c s dung rong rai trong thc te v n gian va chnh xac co the tm c v tr ng trung tnh hnh hoc khi may ien mot chieu ng yen. Ch can 1 bo pin hoac ac qui va au day nh hnh ve sau.

An nut K e cho nhng xung vao cuon day

kch t, roto se sinh ra dong ien cam ng.

Neu von ke ch ien ap cang ln tc la choi

than a b lech khoi ng trung tnh

cang nhieu , phai quay choi than ve v tr

nao o ma kim ch so 0 th ay chnh la ng

trung tnh hnh hoc. Trong thc te, choi than khi

a nam ung ng trung tnh hnh hoc,

ong ho van ch vai von do khe h khong kh

Bi vay ch can chon iem ma von ke ch nho

nhat la c ng trung tnh hnh hoc.

2. Kiem tra cach ien: Muon am bao van hanh lien tuc va chac chan an toan, may ien mi lap at hoac sau khi tu sa eu can c xac nh trang thai cach ien, nhng may ang lam viec,ngh lau cung can co nh k kiem tra cach ien e d oan trc c s am t tranh cho cuon day khoi b anh thung khi cap ien vao.

Ngi ta dung megomke 500(1000v e kiem tra cach ien, tuy theo ien ap nhng noi chung qui nh nhiet o lam viec th ien tr cach ien phai at 1M(/1000v. ien tr cang cao cang tot, oi vi may ien mot chieu di 440v va may ien xoay chieu 220/380v neu at t 0,5M( tr len la at yeu cau van hanh.

3. Kiem tra thong so ky thuat ong c ien xoay chieu: cac ong c ien xoay chieu khi chay th can kiem tra mot so thong so ky thuat sau:

Kiem tra cach ien phai t 0,5M( tr len, thc te th cach ien tot len en 20M( hoac ti vo cc. Trng hp kim ong ho ch len 0 la ong c b cham masse phai sa cha lai khong c vcan hanh.

Kiem tra dong ien khong tai khi van hanh da vao bang sau.

CONG SUATDONG IEN KHONG TAI(%) SO VI NH MC CAC TOC O

300015001000750600

0,1(0,4557080

0,5(1405560

1(535505560

5(102545505560

10(252040455055

25(301835404550

Ghi chu: trong bang la gia tr trung bnh, dong ien o c khi khong tai khong cao hn mc o nay la ong c tot, neu cao hn qui nh th co the do quan sai, thieu vong, au day sai...TOC O QUAY CUA ONG C KHONG ONG BO BA PHA

SO OI CC PSO C 2PTOC O QUAY ( vong /phut)

T trng quay(stato)ong c ( truc roto)

1

2

3

4

5

2

4

6

8

103000

1500

1000

750

6002815 (2940

1400 ( 1470

930 ( 985

720 ( 740

580 ( 585

Kinh nghiem khi kiem tra mang tai (ong c 380v) c 1KW, ampe ke kem ch t 2A tr lai la ong c chay c.

Th du: mot ong c khong ong bo 3 pha 380v cong suat 7,5kw, toc o 1450v/p.

Dong ien tai nh mc la: Im = 7,5.2 = 15A

Cho chay o dong khong tai th dong ien ba pha phai nam trong khoang tra bang. 15.0,45 = 6.75A. Cho mang tai, dung ampe ke km o c nho hn hoac bang 15A va dung toc o ke o ch 1450 vong tr len la ong c u ieu khien lam viec.

4. Xac nh cc tnh ong c khong ong bo ba pha:

PHA

Tieu chuan(LX cu) TOCT183-55Tieu chuan cong c: Phap, Viet Namong c: Nhat, Rumani

auCuoiauCuoiauCuoiauCuoi

1

2

3

C1C2C3C4C5C6U

V

WRSTABCXYZU

V

WX

Y

Z

a. Dung nguon ien xoay chieu e xac nh:a1. oi vi ong c co cong suat nho di 3KW:

oi vi cac ong c co cong suat nho ta co the dung nguon ien 1pha co ien ap 220v e xac nh rat thuan tien. Nhng chu y ve an toan ien, cach xac nh nh sau:

Dung Ohm ke o xac nh tng cap day ra cua ong c.

Th nghiem lan 1:

Mac day nh hnh ve, mot pha mac vao von ke,con hai pha kia noi tiep, sau noun mac hai au day con lai vao ien ap nguon mot pha 110/220v, quan xac kim ong ho nhan xet:

+ Neu kim von ke lech i t 6v en 10v th hai au day mac vao nguon mot pha khac cc tnh . V sc ien ong cam ng trong hai pha nay co cung chieu.

+ Ngc lai, neu kim von ke ch ng yen tai vach 0 (co the lech i chut t) th hai au day mac vao nguon mot pha 110/220v cung cc tnh. V sc ien ong cam ng trong hai pha nay ngc chieu nen triet tieu, nen khong cam ng sang pha th ba , do o sc ien ong trong pha 3 e3 = 0.

Trong th nghiem lan nay ta xac nh c cc tnh cua hai pha va anh dau cc tnh cac day pha AX,BY.

- Th nghiem lan 2:

Mac day nh hnh ve , m day hai pha a xac nh cc tnh song, lay 1 trong 2 pha nay noi vao volt ke, con pha th ba noi noi tiep vi pha AX va mac vao nguonien110/220v.

- Cho ien vao va quan xac kim volt-ke e ket luan cc tnh cua 2 day ang noi vi nguon ien.

- Can c vao th nghiem lan 2, lay chuan a anh dau la pha AX, anh dau pha 3 cac au C,Z.

Chu y: Thi gian moi lan th nghiem cho ong c khong nen e lau qua 10 giay, co the lam chay ong c.

a2. oi vi ong c co cong suat ln:

oi vi ong c co cong suat ln th ta cung co the xac nh bang phng phap nay nhng nguon ien th phai thap khoang 30% Um cua ong c.

b. Dung nguon mot chieu( bnh acquy) e xac nh Ngoai cach dung nguon ien xoay chieu ien ap nguon va ien ap thap, co the dung bnh accu e xac nh cc tnh ong c tren nguye ly hien tng cam ng ien t.

c.Dung ong ho VOM(mA-ke) xac nh:

Mac mach nh hnh ve, dung tay quay truc ong c, neu kim mA-ke ng yen chng to cac au day ang noi chung moi co cung cc tnh, ngc lai see khac cc tnh.

C the trao 2 au day cua moi pha cho en khi nao kim mA-ke ch dao ong tai vach 0 th ket qua xac nh hoan tat.

II. Chon day dan va thiet b bao ve cho may cong nghiep: 1. Chon day dan ien:

a. Chon day theo bang: he thong ien may cong nghiep, trong noi bo tng phan xng tng may th ch can chon theo ieu kien phat nong e dong ien qua day dan bang hoac nho hn kha nang tai cua day mot chut la c. Dong ien phu tai cho phep cua day dan phu thuoc vao tiet dien, s cau tao va moi trng cung nh ieu kien lam mat day dan. Bang 1 dung e chon day dan ien vao ong c mot cach nhanh chong ( nhiet o moi trng 250C).

Bang 1:CHON DAY TAI IEN VA CAU CH BAO VE NGAN MACH CHO MAY IENCong suat ong c (kw)Tiet dien day (mm2 )C cau ch

Kieu AOKieu AO2U = 220vU = 380vU = 220vU = 380v

0,61166

0,81166

1111106

1,111106

1,5111510

1,71,511510

2,21,512015

2,82,51,52515

32,51,52515

42,51,53520

4,52,51,56025

5,52,51,56035

742,58035

7,542,58035

1010648060

136410060

146410080

1710612580

20106160100

221610160100

281610225125

302516225160

40403525350200

Bang 2: DONG IEN TAI CHO PHEP CUA DAY ONG BOC CAO SU NHIET O 250C

ng knh dayso si va ( 1si mmtiet dien

mm2Trong lng day Kg/kmdong ien tai A khi at

Ca boc (PLoi ongTren sTrong ong

0,971x0,970,75226,76(13)

1,131x1,131259,26(15)6

1,371x1,371,53113,510(20)10

1,761x1,762,54221,515(27)15

2,241x2,244583525(36)25

2,731x2,736785235(46)35

3,997x1,33101408760(68)60

5,047x1,68162111139075

6,337x2,1125317220125100

7,477x2,4935417310150120

9,0519x1,8150585440190165

10,7019x2,1470787613240200

12,4519x2,49951048838290245

14,0737x1,8112013111050340280

15,6837x2,1415016301324390330

17,4337x2,498519961680450

19,8937x2,2124025582120530

Ghi chu: Neu nhiet o ni day at nong hn th phai cho dong ien tai giam xuong. Cu the 300C nhan he so 0,95, neu 350C nhan he so 0,81 va 400C nhan he so 0,76.

Neu loi nhom th dong ien tai cho phep ch bang 0,77 day ong co cung tiet dien.

Th du: may tien T630 co ong c truc chnh Pm = 10KW;U = 380v; I = 20A

Tra bang 1 tm c day tai ien S = 4mm2. Neu dung day boc ((P) th ng knh(khong ke boc ngoai) la 2,24mm, c 100m day nang khoang 5,8kg(bang 2).b. Chon day theo cong thc: phng phap nay chon tiet dien theo ieu kien to that ien ap a qui nh thng ap dung khi tai ien vi cong suat P can thiet co khoang cach l a biet, cong thc c tnh nh sau:

P: cong suat s dung tnh bang kw

l: chieu dai ng day ( m )

(U: ton that ien ap tren ng day tai %

C: la he so neu dung day ong, ng tai ien 3 pha 380v lay C = 80. Day nhom th lay C = 46.

Trng hp ng day tai ien 1 pha 220v bang ong th lay C = 13.

Neu ng day cung cap cho nhieu iem khac nhau th ta cong cong suat P cua tng a iem vi nhau vi khoang cach t nguon en phu tai ngha la :

Ptt = P1 + P2 +P3......Pn

Th du: chon day tai ien cho can cau chan e KPD 94 cong suat P = 70kw cach xa tram bien ap 200m vi ien ap li 3x380v. Cho ton that ien ap tren ng day la (U% = 5%. thay va cong thc ta c.

Vay ta phai dung day ong c 35mm2 e tai.

2. Chon cau ch bao ve ngan mach cho may ien:

Trong may cong nghiep th rle nhiet hoac rle ien t ch bao ve qua tai, muon bao ve ngan mach th phai dung aptomat hoac cau ch. Hien nay co nhieu loai cau ch khac nhau tuy theo ien ap, dong ien, cach bo tr day chay, ma no e ngoai khong kh at trong ong s co cat dap la, trong ong nha thach anh...

Cau ch phai co kha nang cat dong ien cao khi b ngan mach mot cach nhanh nhat e bao ve ong c, vi nhng ong c thong dung ien ap thap th chon c day theo bang 3. Day chay trong cau ch co the loai tron hoac tam mong bang ch , kem, nhom hoac hp kim nong chay thap, dan ien tot nh bac.

Cong thc chon dong ien day chay:

Th du: May tien T630 co ong c truc chnh kieu long soc, P = 10kw, U = 380v;Im = 20A, boi so khi ong 7 . Vay dong ien khi khi ong

Ik = 20.7 =140A. T cong thc tren ta tnh dong ien day chay:

Neu dung day chay bang nhom th t bang 3 ta lay loai d =- 1.6mm.

Bang 3: CACH CHON DAY CHAY CHO CAU CHng knh day chayDong ien nh mc day chay (A)

NhomChong

0,150,54

0,2020,508

0,2540,7510

0,306112

0,40101,514

0,5014216

0,60162,521

0,70183,528

0,80204,236

0,9025540

132648

1,2409

1,45012

1,66014

1,87517

29020

2,512032

316046

SA CHA MCH IN

KHI NG HAI NG C CHY TRC - DNG SAU

I. S mch in

II. Cc s c h hng:

III. Sa cha mch:

1. Khoanh vng s c:

Xc nh chnh xc vng xy ra s c h hng

V d:

Khi ng cu dao CD, nhn nt m M cng tc t K1 khng lm vic

Khng nh mt iu l on L-1-D1-3-M-5-K1-4-PT1-N khng c in

2. Sa cha mch:

Dng VOM o on L-1-D1-3-M-5-K1-4-PT1-N

+ t 2 que o 2 u L v N, nhn M

+ Nu khng thng th ta gi u dy L, u kia chuyn v tr n s 4

+ Nu thng th ta t 2 que o n v tr s 4 v N (khng thng)

+ iu quan trng l ta khng th m c 2 u dy m phi xc nh ng v tr u y no

t 2 que o u sau K1 v trc PT1 nu khng thng th chc chn l u trc PT1

Nu thng th kim tra 2 u t sau PT1 n N5. Khi nhn nt m M cng tc t K1 v K2 ht, bun ra nh

Nguyn nhn:

4. ng cu dao CD, nhn nt m M cng tc t K1 v K2 ng bun ra nh

Nguyn nhn:

Nguyn nhn:

3. ng cu dao CD, nhn nt m M cng tc t K1 lm vic, K2 khng lm vic

Nguyn nhn:

2. ng cu dao CD, nhn nt m M cng tc t K1 khng lm vic

1. Nhn nt m M ton mch khng tc ng

Nguyn nhn:

Pha 3

Pha 2

Pha 1

mA-ke

K

Cong tac K ong m lien tuc

24V

Von ke(3v)

H.b

Y

B

X

C3

C1

A

30%Um

Von ke

(10v 20v)

H.a

C3

C2

C1

R

A

30%Um

Von ke

(10v 20v)

Y

B

X

C3

C1

A

110/220v

Von ke

(10v 20v)

C3

C2

C1

R

A

110/220v

Von ke

(10v 20v)

V

Pin

K

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

2 0 1

2 0 1

KC

K(

KD

TP

PMD

PMD

PH

(P(

((

(P

(C

3A3

1A3

KC

K(

KP

PH

KC

K(

KP

2(

1(

BD

BB

3(

2(

1(

A1 A2 A3

PB

29

27

25

23

21

KB2

KB1

8

19

17

B

H

T

KB2

15

KT

B

1(

2(

3(

PT

PT

CD2

T

H

(

11

9

7

5

3

+

_

TP

(

KB1

KT

H

B

(

2KY

1KY

3 ((

2 ((

1((

CD1

P1 P2 P3

H

T

B

PB

(

PT

CC

7

8

5

4

6

1

2

3

9

3M(

2M(

1M(

K2

K1

K2

K1

K1

K2

BO

PT

2M

1M

CD2

CD1

P1 P2 P3

PT

K1

K2

F

RT

KX2

KX1

KL3

KL2

Aptomat

P1 P2 P3

Mach ien thang may nha 3 tang

RN

KX1

KL3

T3

HL2

KX2

L2

2

T1

T2

HX2

KL2

KX2

X2

1

KX1

X1

HX1

KL3

3

C1

D3

D2

D1

KX1

KL3

T3

KX2

KL2

L3

L3

49

47

45

43

41

39

359

339

319

219

2

4

27

26

25

23

219

19

13

17

KL2

KX2

KX1

KL3

15

13

11

9

7

5

3

1

0

C3

C2

15

13

11

9

7

5

3

2

1

PT

M2

M1

T

K2

K1

PKC1

PKC1

K2

K1

PKC2

PKC2

K2

K1

C

CD

P1 P2 P3

PT

PT

K2

K1

PT

M

T

K1

K2

K1

PKC

11

9

4

7

5

3

2

1

K2

K1

C

CD

P1 P2 P3

PT

PT

K2

K1

8 5

ON3

ON2

K1

K2

H

H

K2

K1

K2

tg

H

tg

H

N

P

PT

ON1

OFF

K1

K2

C

RL

RL

RL

K1

CD

P1 P2 P3

8 5

K

ON2

tg

H

K

H

tg

H

N

P

PT

ON1

OFF

K

C

H

H

H

K

CD

P1 P2 P3

13

11

9

7

5

3

RB

H

K

K

K

RB

H

2

1

PT

ON

OFF

K

CC

PT2

PT1

C

H

H

H

K

CD

P1 P2 P3

A1Z

TLT

C

220V

N

P

PT

PT

N

T

1

4

4

1

5

1

6

6

1

5

4

3

2

1

6

5

N

T

PT

N

T

MN

MT

DT DN

N

T

C

CD

PT2

PT1

K

P N

PT1 PT2

K

ON

OFF

K

N/

U = 12 en 16v

4MF x 3

PT

ON

OFF

N

K

R

R

K

P1 P2 P3

PT1

PT2

CC

CD

K

C

2

1

PB

K1

PT

OFF ON

K2

K1

PB

K2

CD

CD

CD

P1 P2 P3

P1 P2 P3

P1 P2 P3

PT

PT

PT

PT

PT

PT

R

TN L

K2

K2

K2

K1

K1

K1

C

C

C

A B C

K

8 6

8 5

Y

(

PB

(

PB

(

K

ON

(

Y

PB

2

1

RN

OFF

K

Y

CC

K

C

CD

PT

PT

Z X Y

A B C

(

M(

2

1

RN3

RN2

RN1

K

(

K

Y

(

Y

Y

MY

OFFY

OFF

K

(

Y

P1 P2 P3

Y

CC

K

C

CD

PT

PT

Z X Y

A B C

(

Y

CC

K

C

CD

PT

PT

Z X Y

A B C

(

P1 P2 P3

7

6

8

9

3

4

5

3

2

1

PT

Y

(

K

M

T

(

Y

PB

K

6

19

17

15

13

11

9

7

4

5

3

2

1

RT

PT1

PT2

RB

KC

RT

KD

RA

KD

M2

T2

M1

T1

KC

RB

RT

KD

P1 P2 P3

CD

PT2

PT1

KC

KD

D

C

KH

P1 P2 P3

CD

KB

PT1

PT2

C

3

2BK

1BK

2

1

15

13

11

2BK

KB

KH

KH

4

8

9

7

5

2

1

B

C

2BK

1BK

A

PT2

PT1

KB

KH

M2

M1

T

KB

2

1

15

13

11

4

8

9

7

5

3

2

1

B

C

2BK

1BK

A

PT2

PT1

KB

2BK

1BK

KB

KH

KH

M2

M1

T

KH

KB

CC

P1 P2 P3

CD

KB

PT1

PT2

C

KH

P1 P2 P3

CD

K1

K2

PT2

M2

M1

2

1

PT2

PT1

M2

K2

K1

K1

OFF M1

K2

K1

PT1

MN DT

T

N

N

T

N

T

CD

C

PT1 PT2

T

N

P1 P2 P3

OFF MT DN PT1 PT2

MN

CD

C

PT1 PT2

T

N

P1 P2 P3

T

N

N

T

OFF1 OFF2 MT PT1 PT2

N

T

ay la cach m may trc tiep,

ong c long soc. Dong ien

m may cao nhng momen ln.

Thng dung pho bien cac ong

c co cong suat thap va trung bnh.

Mach ien gom cau ch e bao ve

s co ngan mach, rle nhiet bao

ve qua tai ong c

ON2

ON1

OFF2

OFF1

K

P1 P2 P3 P3

K

PT

PT

C

M

Nguyen ly cua ly hp ien t 1 a

8

5/

6/

7

6

5

X

X

4

X

3

X

2

PT

K

ON3

OFF

ON

OFF

ON

Cuon day

Mach t ong

Mach t tnh

H.a.

Nam cham ien hnh

ch U nap hut thang

H.b.

Phan tch lc hut

cua cuon day

nam cham ien

(

N

S

S

N

F

S

N

4

ON

Hnh. c

6

4

3

2

1

Hnh . b

Hnh . a

OFF

OFF

5

3

1

6

2

ON AP

ao ien

3 pha

CD

P N

INPUT

OUTPUTT

Phu tai

MF

TAI

1 pha 3 pha 1pha 3pha

moi han ch

lo xo

mach t ong

vong ngan mach

mach t tnh

Lo xo ong nha mach

cuon day

1

l

2

4

5

6

Nguyen ly cau tao cua rle ien ap

ien tr lo xo

la lng kim

truc rle toc o(noi ong truc vi truc cua ong c

N

S

6

8

7

9

nam cham vnh cu hnh tru tron

cac thanh dan khep mach(giong nh roto long soc)

truc quay t do

can tiep iem ong

6,7: he thong tiep iem

8,9: lo xo la

num chon thi gian

cam ieu khien

tiep iem

lo xo

5

C

3

3

8

1

6

1

2

7

R

en bao

COLL

55

56

67

66

lo thoat khong kh

pt - tong

thuy ngan

loi thep

cuon day hut

I

N

F = mg

1

3

2

+ 100mF

_

3K3

D1

5,6v

TR1

TR2

TR3

TR4

1K

25K

D2

6,8v

4,7K

1K

1K

D3

D4

RLY

2

1

4

3

7

1K

7

8

1

2

3

4

5

6

3

1

6

8

tiep iem

ong ngay

tiep iem

thi gian

220V

S O CHAN

28

_1236289264.vsd

L1/L2/L3

CB

FUSE

K

OL

_1275308654.unknown

_1275308655.unknown

_1275308652.unknown

_1269422341.vsd

_1104158229.unknown

_1104159190.unknown

_1236287466.vsd

L1

L3

L2

FUSE

CB

K

OL

_1104158896.unknown

_1104157504.unknown