lte training 1_azcn.pdf

LTE Training

Session 1 _ LTE Overview

05/11/2015

2 Azerconnect Performance and QA Team

• LTE World

• Basic Information about LTE

• UE Categories

• LTE Operating bands – FDD

• LTE Channel bandwidths

• Basic LTE Frame Structure

• Introduction about Main U2000 Functions

• Network architecture introduction

Contents


LTE networks are operational in

176 countries, 677 different mobile

networks investing ,

422 commercially launched LTE.

As per the second quarter 2015,

755 million subscribers are using

LTE ( third quarter of 2013, over

157 million global subscribers are

using LTE)

LTE World

LTE-Advanced deployments have taken hold in all markets around the world. Now over 30% of operators are investing in LTE-

Advanced system deployments, with the commercialization of carrier aggregation the first feature to be exploited. 88 operators,

i.e. over 20% of all LTE operators, have commercially launched LTE-Advanced service in 45 countries. 15 LTE-Advanced

networks support Category 4 devices (above 100 Mbps up to 150 Mbps peak downlink speed) while 73 networks support

Category 6 devices (above 150 Mbps up to 300 Mbps).


September 10, 2015: LTE subscriptions forecast growth worldwide to 2020. Chart showing LTE subscriptions forecast growth

worldwide to 2020.

Q2 2015 total LTE subscriptions worldwide = 755 million, and equivalent to 10.44% share of the global mobile subs base.

LTE World


95% > Max Mean

FTP DL Throughput (Mbps) 90.97% 97.54 37.68

FTP UL Throughput (Mbps) 85.49% 47.56 18.48

Min Max Mean

EPS bearer setup time eUTRAN (ms) 32 1453 651.6

Ping eUTRAN （EPS bearer active）(ms) 10 66 16.79

Total # Fail #

PS session setup success rate eUTRAN 92 0 100.00%

PS session drop rate eUTRAN 103 2 1.90%

Handover Success Rate eUTRAN 848 0 100.00%

KPI DescriptionCount

KPI Value

KPI DescriptionValue

- World`s first LTE network was Launched in Norway.

KPIs sample for a cluster in Oslo

LTE World


London Traffic - LTE launch day ( 31 October 2012)

Number of LTE users - London

LTE World


London Traffic - LTE launch day ( 31 October 2012)

LTE World

EE reaches 7.7M LTE subscribers, 2015


LTE World

Baku Traffic - LTE launch day ( 5 December 2014)

Good Samples Zone

Bakcell Azercell Nar

Total Score 296 380 300

Max Score 560 560 560

% Score 52.86% 67.86% 53.57%


Max Score 784 784 784

% Score 62.24% 62.12% 53.44%


Max Score 56 56 56

% Score 60.71% 35.71% 82.14%

GSM

WCDMA

LTE

Technology


• Long Term Evolution (LTE) starts from 3GPP release 8.

• 3GPP Technical Report 25.9 13 defines the key objectives of LTE as:

• Support for a flexible transmission bandwidth up to 20 MHz

• Peak downlink data rate of 100 Mbps when using 2 receive antenna at the UE

• Peak uplink data rate of 50 Mbps when using 1 transmit antenna at the UE

• High DL/UL Spectrum efficiency

• Round trip time of less than 10 ms.

Basic Information about LTE



- Round Trip Time



• LTE has a flat architecture which minimizes the number of network elements.

• LTE is optimized for Packet Switched (PS) services but includes functionality to handle Circuit Switched (CS) services, e.g. CS

fallback to UMTS.

• LTE supports the speech service using Voice over IP. Otherwise, the speech service can be supported by allowing the UE to

fallback to UMTS, GSM or CDMA2000

• LTE supports Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services (MBMS) for the transmission of mobile TV.

• Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD) versions of LTE have been standardized, Both allow channel

bandwidths of up to 20 MHz.

• LTE allows inter-working with existing GSM, UMTS and CDMA2000 technologies.

• LTE uses QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM modulation schemes with OFDMA (downlink) and SC-FDMA (uplink) multiple access

technologies.



• LTE supports Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna technology in the downlink direction. ,3GPP releases 8 and 9 do not

support MIMO in the uplink direction.

• Existing spectrum allocations can be re-farmed for the introduction of LTE.

• LTE simplifies network planning by minimizing the requirement for manually planned neighbor lists

• LTE includes Self Organizing Network (SON) functionality to help automate network configuration, optimization, fault finding and

fault handling.

• LTE Advanced starts from 3GPP release 10.

• LTE Advanced introduces Carrier Aggregation to provide wider effective channel bandwidths. It also introduces MIMO in the uplink

direction, as well as increasing the number of antenna elements which can be used for MIMO in the downlink direction

- May 2013, EE Switched on World`s fastest 4G Network offering up to 300 Mbps



3GPP release User equipment

category

Maximum L1 data

rate Downlink

Maximum number of

DL MIMO layers

Maximum L1 Data

Rate UL

Maximum Dl

modulation

Maximum UL

Modulation

Release 8 Category 1 10.3 Mbit/s 1 5.2 Mbit/s 64 QAM 16 QAM





Release 10 Category 6 300 Mbp/s 4 50 Mbps 64 QAM 64 QAM

UE Categories

• A single UE category defines both the uplink and downlink capabilities.

• Table above presents the most important capabilities associated with each UE category. Categories 1 to 5 were introduced within

• the 3GPP release 8 or 9 UE can be implemented to support a UE category between 1 and 5.

• The maximum total bits per Transmission Time Interval (TTI) in the downlink defines the maximum downlink throughput.

• , A single TTI corresponds to 1 ms sub frame duration.

• The maximum downlink throughput specified for the release 8 and 9 versions of the 3GPP specifications is 300 Mbps.

• ,This is supported when transferring 2 transport blocks per sub frame on a single RF carrier.

• UE performance requirements have been specified based upon the assumption that all UE support downlink receive diversity.

• UE categories 2, 3 and 4 support 2x2 MIMO in the downlink whereas UE category 5 can also support 4x4 MIMO in the downlink.

Feature : LOFD-001030 Support of UE Category 2/3/4:E-UTRAN needs to respect the signaled UE radio access capability parameters

when configuring the UE and when scheduling the UE. So there are five categories defined in the protocol. This feature can enable BS to

support UE category 2/3/4.



U2000 - Functions


Huawei E392

U2000 - Functions


Samsung Galaxy SIII I9305

U2000 - Functions

How to use for customer complains?


Brand Model

HTC HTC One XL / EDGE (X325S, PJ8312000)

Huawei Huawei M920 (Activa 4G)

LG LS840 (Viper 4G LTE)

LG MS840 (Cayman/Connect 4G)

LG MS910 Esteem 4G (Bryce)

Qualcomm Qualcomm FFA8960

Samsung SCH-R530M (Galaxy S III LTE)

Samsung SCH-i535 (Galaxy S III)

Samsung SPH-L710 (Galaxy S III LTE)

Samsung GT-i9210 (Galaxy S II LTE)

Samsung SGH-I727 (Galaxy S II Skyrocket)

Samsung SGH-i747 (Galaxy S III LTE/Pebble Blue)

Samsung SGH-T999L (Galaxy S III)

Sony XPERIA T LT30a

Sony XPERIA V/LT25i

ZTE ZTE N910 (Anthem 4G)

LG

Samsung

Sony

UE Penetration in X Project

UEs supporting LTE FDD

UE Categories


• The LTE operating bands specified by 3GPP

• for Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) are shown

• in the table .

• The majority of these operating bands have

• also been specified for use by UMTS/GSM.

• This allows UMTS/GSM spectrum to be

• re-farmed for LTE, or for LTE and UMTS to

• share the same operating bands.

• The majority of operating bands have their

• uplink frequencies below their downlink

• frequencies. This approach helps to conserve UE

• battery power by allowing UE to transmit within

• the band which has the better radio propagation

• performance, i.e. radio Propagation tends to be

• better at lower frequencies.

• Operating bands 13, 14, 20 and 24 have

• uplink bands which are higher than their

• downlink bands.

• Operating bands 15,16 excluded from 3GPP.

LTE Operating bands - FDD


LTE Operating bands - FDD


• * The downlink subcarrier bandwidth includes an additional 15 kHz to accommodate a null subcarrier

at the center of all other subcarriers. The null subcarrier provides 15 kHz of empty spectrum within

which nothing is transmitted

• * The total subcarrier bandwidth is less than the channel

bandwidth to allow for the roll-off of emissions and to provide some guard band.

• The larger channel bandwidths provide support for

• the higher throughputs. Smaller channel

• bandwidths provide support for lower throughputs but are easier to accommodate within existing

spectrum allocations

• 3GPP also specifies a subcarrier spacing of 7.5 kHz (in addition to

• the subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz). The subcarrier spacing of 7.5 kHz is only

• used in cells which are dedicated to Multimedia Broadcast Multicast

• Services (MBMS). There are 24 rather than 12 subcarriers per Resource

• Block when using the 7.5 kHz subcarrier spacing so the total bandwidth

• of a Resource Block remains the same

• LTE Advanced provides support for Carrier Aggregation which allows

• multiple ‘Component Carriers’ to be used in parallel. This effectively

• increases the channel bandwidth to the sum of the individual

• Component Carriers`

LOFD-001051 Compact Bandwidth ? LBBK 5195I

Channel Bandwidths


Channel Bandwidths


• DC stands for Direct Current and it is a subcarrier that has no information sent on it. This is an important

subcarrier in OFDM based systems. It is used by the mobile device to locate the center of the OFDM frequency

band.

Guard Subcarriers

Channel Bandwidths


RRU3929 for Band 3. RX Frequency

Band (MHz) from 1710 to 1785. TX

Frequency Band (MHz) from 1805 to

1880. Bandwidth (MHz) can be 1.4, 3,

5, 10, 15 and 20

Each RRU3939 supports 2 carriers

Channel Bandwidths


Channel Bandwidths


2 Slots

1ms

0.5ms

7 OFDM Symbols – Normal CP

6 OFDM Symbols – Extended CP

10ms

FDD - RF frame is called Type 1 by the 3GPP

Tu = Useful Symbol Duration

Tcp = Cyclic Prefix duration

Tecp = Extended Cyclic Prefix duration

CP (guard time between symbols)

TTI=1ms

Basic LTE Frame Structure - Time


Ex: 20M

1200

12 12*7=84

7

100 RB

15 khz

• * A Resource Block represents the basic unit of resource for the

LTE air-interface. The eNodeB scheduler allocates Resource

Blocks to UE when allowing data transfer.

• * The subcarriers belong to the Orthogonal Frequency Division

Multiple Access (OFDMA) technology in the downlink, and the

Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA)

technology in the uplink

• * There are 12 subcarriers per Resource Block so the number of

subcarriers equals 12 x number of Resource Blocks

• * Each subcarrier occupies 15 kHz so the total subcarrier

bandwidth equals 15 kHz x number of subcarriers

Basic LTE Frame Structure - Frequency


OFDM Signal

DC Subcarrier


What is the minimum resource allocation unit in LTE ?

- The control channels mapped on the Resource Elements

Groups (REGs)

- A REG is made up of 4 (or 6 if there are pilot sub-carriers) sub-

carriers during 1 symbol.

- The REG are grouped into the CCE (Control Channel Element)

, 1 CCE = 9 REG

Physical channel Modulation schemes

PDCCH QPSK

EX: PDCCH format 0, 1 CCE, so it is 9 REG, SO

IT IS 9 REG*4 SC*2bit for QPSK modulation=72

bits

Basic LTE Frame Structure


LTE Network architecture


S/P-

GW

EPC

LMT M2000

CME

NASTAR

GENEX

MAINEX

E-NB

E-NB

X2

Environment

monitor

e-RAN

S1-u

S1-u

S/P-

GW

Power supply

MME

S1-c

Itf-s

S1-c

S1-u

S1-u

Itf-s

CLK

SERVER

GPS antenna

LTE Network architecture

lte training 1_azcn.pdf

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