ltd. sawn - prompt solutions...high vibration was recorded on valve controller body, vibration level...

Pulsation Vibration Analysis Report

Prepared For:

Chevron Thailand Exploration and Production, Ltd. SAWN

Survey Date: 29Aug – 1Sep 11 Customer Order Number: Number of Machine: 1 sets

Adisorn Songkhla Co.,ltd 39/15 Moo 10 Soi 29, Kanjanavanich Road, T. Kaorupchang A. Muang, Songkhla, 90000 Tel: 074‐ 321 853 Fax: 074‐313 330

Analyst: Densil Kaewwichai Sep 15, 2011 Checked By: Peera Yongsuwan Nov 03, 2011

Quality Assurance Approvals

Revision 02

Chevron Thailand Exploration and Production Ltd/Satun SAWN 1

Predictive Maintenance Department Ext.: 4492

Table of Contents

Page

1.0 Introduction 2 2.0 Conclusions 3 3.0 Recommendations / Observations / Discussions 4

3.1. K‐TEK scrubber 4 3.2. Pressure Control Valve (PCV‐2111) 9 3.3. Pressure Control Valve (PCV‐2131) 13 3.4. Deck Plate Right Side 16 3.5. Fuel Scrubber 18 3.6. 1st Elbow near Cooler, Instrument Gas 22 3.7. K‐TEK Sump Tank 25 3.8. Flange near Sump Tank 29 3.9. Support Suction Bottle 33 3.10. 1st Elbow near Separator Blow Case 35

Appendices Appendix A: Operating Conditions and Machine Characteristics Appendix B: Test Point Description/ Pulsation/Vibration/ Mechanical Natural Frequency Data Appendix C: Pulsation/Vibration/ Mechanical Natural Frequency Guidelines Appendix D: Glossary of Terms



1.0 Introduction:

On 29 August – 1 September 2011 PdM Pulsation Vibration Team was conducted pulsation and vibration analyses on reciprocating compressor packages located on platforms in the Chevron Thailand Satun field. Analyses were conducted on compressor units at SAWN platforms. The purpose of the field assessment was to determine the cause of and possible solutions to vibration related K‐TEK failures. The assessments focused on the structural dynamics of the engine, compressor, pump, process piping and vessels, skid mounted auxiliary systems, deck plate and overall skid vibration. Operating conditions limited this evaluation to a compressor speed range of 900 to 1200 rpm. Vibration directions are described in this report as follows:

• Horizontal Direction (H) – direction of piston motion • Axial Direction (A) – direction of axis of crank shaft • Vertical Direction (V) – vertical

The naming convention used for vibration test points is shown in the following examples:

• 1S – means 1st stage suction • 1D – means 1st stage discharge • C1 – means Cylinder 1 • C2 – means Cylinder 2, etc.



2.0 Conclusions:

There were many points on the compressor package have vibration level exceeding guideline from Beta Machinery. High vibration will increase the probability of piping and auxiliary system failure such as K‐TEK failure in the pass. Implementing the recommendations in this report and confirming the effectiveness of those recommendations by conducting a follow up vibration assessment will help to reduce the increased risk associated with high vibration. A field follow analysis should be conducted to ensure the successful implementation of all the recommendations provided. There were 5 points (K‐TEK scrubber, PCV‐2131, 4th Deck Plate, Support Suction Bottle and Fuel Scrubber) that vibration level exceeding 4 inch per second which is severe condition. It should be consider taking action to prevent premature failure.



3.1 K‐TEK scrubber

Observations:

Vibration level on K‐TEK scrubber exceeded guideline in various locations. Peak vibration reached 4.86 inches per second at 34.4 Hz on vertical direction (2nd order compressor run speed of 1037 rpm).The mechanical natural frequency of the bottle in vertical direction was measured to be at 34.8 Hz. Failure on the K‐TEK scrubber have occurred in the past. Vibration level on this part exceeded guideline when the compressor was operating close to 1050 rpm.

Vibration Data Summary

MNF Data Summary

Test File #

Chan # Hit Test Point Hit

Dir'n Meas Dir'n

Max Amp.

(Ips pk)

Natural Freq. 1

(Hz)

Natural Freq. 2

(Hz)

Natural Freq. 3

(Hz)

15 2 K-TEK / Scrubber -H -H 0.87 26.8 16 2 K-TEK / Scrubber V V 0.209 34.8 35.5 17 2 K-TEK / Scrubber A A 0.07 26.8 34.9 41.1

Test File

# Chan

# Test Point Direction Max

Amp. (Ips pk)

Freq (Hz)

Guide Line

Type (ips pk) (%)

2 1 K-TEK scrubber H 1.26 33.8 P 1 126% 2 2 K-TEK scrubber A 2.17 34.4 P 1 217% 2 3 K-TEK scrubber V 4.86 34.4 P 1 486% 2 4 K-TEK scrubber / Outlet Upper H 0.45 17.5 P 0.55 82% 3 1 K-TEK scrubber H 1.04 33.1 P 1 104% 3 2 K-TEK scrubber A 2.22 34.4 P 1 222% 3 3 K-TEK scrubber V 4.94 34.4 P 1 494% 3 4 K-TEK scrubber / Outlet Upper H 0.41 34.4 P 1 41% 4 1 K-TEK scrubber / Flange Upper V 4.18 34.4 P 1 418% 4 2 K-TEK scrubber / Flange Upper A 0.98 34.4 P 1 98% 4 3 K-TEK scrubber / Flange Lower H 1.34 34.4 P 1 134% 4 4 K-TEK scrubber / Flange Lower V 4.09 34.4 P 1 409% 5 1 K-TEK Separator / Upper Gauge H 0.31 30 P 0.94 33% 5 2 K-TEK Separator / Upper Gauge V 1.04 38.8 P 1 104% 5 3 K-TEK Separator / Upper Gauge A 0.39 38.8 P 1 39% 5 4 K-TEK Flage / Upper H 0.18 30 P 0.94 19%



K‐TEK Scrubber Vibration Plot (Test 2, Channel 3)

0 100 200 300 400 500 0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

Hz

Mag

nitu

de, in/

s

1

2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

G3, 3X Y

1 17.21 204.6m2 34.42 4.8653 51.62 29.68m4 68.83 9.009m5 86.04 5.708m6 103.2 2.509m7 120.5 1.032m8 137.7 3.301m9 154.9 1.917m10 172.1 1.440m11 189.3 11.10m12 206.5 6.506m13 223.7 2.670m14 240.9 4.044m15 258.1 1.255mTHD 99.912%



Recommendation:

Reconfigure the sight glass to minimize the length from the vessel or piping to which they are attached. Eliminate isolation valves between the nozzle and the attachment. If the attachment must be isolated, use either.

a) Mono flange valve b) Mount the attachment directly on the scrubber shell or on a separate support column. c) Minimize the projection of the nozzle from the shell by using studding outlets or RFLWN flanges

trimmed to a minimum length rather than RFWN flanges.

In case of short term action, it should be avoiding running the compressor for prolonged period at speed between 1015‐1070 rpm. Brace the sight glass with flange to pipe brace as indicated. After brace the sight glass finished should be recheck vibration level.



K‐TEK Scrubber

Bracing

Add Bracing add indicated

K‐TEK



3.2 Pressure Control Valve (PCV‐2111)

Observations:

High vibration was recorded on valve controller body, vibration level exceeded guideline in horizontal direction. Peak vibration reached 2.5 inches per second at 17.5 Hz on horizontal direction (1st order compressor run speed of 1050 rpm).


Test File

# Chan


Amp. (Ips pk)

Freq (Hz)

Guide Line

Type (ips pk) (%)

9 3 PCV-2111 H 2.5 17.5 P 0.55 455% 9 4 PCV-2111 V 0.39 48.8 P 1 39%

10 1 PCV-2111 A 0.76 15 P 0.43 177%

MNF Data Summary

Test File

# Chan

# Hit Test Point Hit Dir'n

Meas Dir'n

Max Amp.

(Ips pk)

Natural Freq. 1

(Hz)

Natural Freq. 2

(Hz)

Natural Freq. 3

(Hz)

11 2 PCV-2111 H H 0.79 18 16.5 166

Pressure Control Valve_PCV‐2111 Vibration Plot (Test 9, Channel 3)

0 100 200 300 400 500 0

500m

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Hz

Mag

nitu

de, i

n/s

1

2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

G3, 3X Y

1 17.50 2.4972 35.00 427.1m3 52.50 41.74m4 70.00 16.29m5 87.50 8.648m6 105.0 6.042m7 122.5 2.331m8 140.0 4.266m9 157.5 6.778m10 175.0 10.21m11 192.5 6.735m12 210.0 4.369m13 227.5 1.623m14 245.0 2.805m15 262.5 753.4µTHD 16.966%



Recommendation:

Support the body of valve controller as indicated.



PCV‐2111 (Front View)

PCV‐211 (Rear View)



3.3 Pressure Control Valve (PCV‐2131)

Observations:

High vibration was recorded on valve controller body, vibration level exceeded guideline in horizontal direction. Peak vibration reached 7.06 inches per second at 16.3 Hz on horizontal direction (1st order compressor run speed of 978 rpm). The vibration level was reduced after compressor speed exceeded this speed. The mechanical natural frequency of the pressure control valve in horizontal direction and axial direction was measured to be at 16.5 Hz which very close to high vibration frequency.


Test File

# Chan


Amp. (Ips pk)

Freq (Hz)

Guide Line

Type (ips pk) (%)

13 4 PCV 2131 H 7.06 16.3 P 0.51 1384% 14 1 PCV 2131 V 0.81 48.1 P 1 81% 14 2 PCV 2131 A 1.92 16.3 P 0.51 376%

MNF Data Summary

Test File

# Chan


Meas Dir'n

Max Amp.

(Ips pk)

Natural Freq. 1

(Hz)

Natural Freq. 2

(Hz)

12 2 PCV-2131 H H 1.05 16.5 13 2 PCV-2131 -A -A 0.78 23.3 16.5

Pressure Control Valve_PCV‐2131 Vibration Plot (Test 13, Channel 4)

0 100 200 300 400 500 0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

Hz

Mag

nitu

de, i

n/s G4, 4

X: 16.3 Y: 7.06



Recommendation:

Support the body of valve controller as indicated. If there is enough space please make bracing same as PCV‐211 in axial direction. It should make more strengthen in axial direction.



PCV ‐2131

Can replace this clamp with Clamp Flat Bar Type see figure 01



3.4 Deck Plate Right Side

Observations:

Vibration level on deck plate exceeded guideline in various locations. Peak vibration reached 7.33 inches per second at 36.3 Hz on vertical direction at 4th deck plate. The mechanical natural frequency of the deck plate in vertical direction at 4th was measured to be at 36.5 Hz.


MNF Data Summary

Test File

# Chan


Meas Dir'n

Max Amp. (Ips pk)

Natural Freq. 1

(Hz)

Natural Freq. 2

(Hz)

Natural Freq. 3

(Hz)

Natural Freq. 4

(Hz)

7 2 Deck Plate 1st V V 0.19 142 106 108 30.8 8 2 Deck Plate 2nd V V 0.058 172 37.8 9 2 Deck Plate 3rd V V 0.014 168 166 64 38

10 2 Deck Plate 4th V V 0.37 193 36.5 117 43.8

Deck Plate 4th Vibration Plot (Test 26, Channel 4)

0 100 200 300 400 500 0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

Hz

Mag

nitu

de, i

n/s G4, 4

X: 36.3 Y: 7.33

Test File

# Chan


Amp. (Ips pk)

Freq (Hz)

Guide Line

Type (ips pk) (%)

26 1 1st Deck Plate V 3.72 36.9 1 372% 26 2 2nd Deck Plate V 3.71 36.9 1 371% 26 3 3rd Deck Plate V 0.64 37.5 1 64% 26 4 4th Deck Plate V 7.33 36.3 1 733%



Recommendation:

Reduce vibration level on the deck plat by eliminate the mechanical resonance. This can be done by adding mass to lower the mechanical natural frequency or by adding bracing under the plate to raise mechanical natural frequency of the area. Install deck beam under deck plate to strengthen the deck plate and raise mechanical natural frequency. This is more conventional method and easy for realistic.

1st Deck Plate

1st Deck Plate

2nd Deck Plate

3rd Deck Plate

4th Deck Plate

Wide flange beams welded between deck beams and deck plate to reduce size of open areas at location of high vibration.

High vibration areas



3.5 Fuel Scrubber

Observations:

Vibration level on fuel scrubber exceeded guideline in various locations. Peak vibration reached 4.43 inches per second at 16.9 Hz on axial direction (1st order compressor run speed of 1014 rpm). The mechanical natural frequency of the fuel scrubber in axial direction was measured to be at 17 Hz.


MNF Data Summary

Test File #

Chan #

Hit Test Point

Hit Dir'n

Meas Dir'n

Max Amp. (Ips pk)

Natural Freq. 1 (Hz)




24 2 Fuel Scrubber H H 1.22 13.3 17.8 15 22.8 25 2 Fuel Scrubber A 0.95 17 10.8 12.8 15.5

Fuel Scrubber Vibration Plot (Test 32, Channel 4)

0 100 200 300 400 500 0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

Hz

Mag

nitu

de, i

n/s G4, 4

X: 16.9 Y: 4.43

Test File

# Chan


Amp. (Ips pk)

Freq (Hz)

Guide Line

Type (ips pk) (%)

32 2 Fuel Scrubber H 1.66 15 P 0.43 386% 32 3 Fuel Scrubber V 0.44 16.9 P 0.53 83% 32 4 Fuel Scrubber A 4.43 16.9 P 0.53 836%



Recommendation: Support the fuel scrubber as indicated.



Fuel Scrubber

Use Flat Bar Clamp for pipe size 6 inch, see Figure 01 for Flat Bar Clamp Type



3.6 1st Elbow near Cooler, Instrument Gas

Observations:

Vibration levels on 1st elbow near cooler and 2nd elbow near cooler were exceeded guideline in various locations. Peak vibration reached 2.68 inches per second at 17.5 Hz on axial direction (1st order compressor run speed of 1050 rpm). The mechanical natural frequencies of the elbows were close to dominant frequency as below table. Vibration Data Summary

Test File

# Chan


Amp. (Ips pk)

Freq (Hz)

Guide Line

Type (ips pk) (%)

34 1 1st elbow near cooler, Instrument Gas from BC H 2.44 16.9 P 0.53 460% 34 1 1st elbow near cooler, Instrument Gas from BC H 1.63 13.8 P 0.4 408% 34 1 1st elbow near cooler, Instrument Gas from BC H 1.47 15 P 0.43 342% 34 1 1st elbow near cooler, Instrument Gas from BC H 1.32 9.38 P 0.3 440% 34 2 1st elbow near cooler, Instrument Gas from BC V 2.55 16.9 P 0.53 481% 34 3 1st elbow near cooler, Instrument Gas from BC A 2.8 16.9 P 0.53 528% 34 3 1st elbow near cooler, Instrument Gas from BC A 2.3 35 P 1 230% 34 3 1st elbow near cooler, Instrument Gas from BC A 1.4 50 P 1 140% 34 3 1st elbow near cooler, Instrument Gas from BC A 1.02 15 P 0.43 237% 34 4 2nd elbow near cooler H 1.58 17.5 P 0.55 287% 35 1 2nd elbow near cooler V 2.66 16.9 P 0.53 502% 35 2 2nd elbow near cooler A 2.68 17.5 P 0.55 487% 35 2 2nd elbow near cooler A 1.29 35 P 1 129%

MNF Data Summary

Test File

# Chan

# Hit Test Point Hit Dir'n Meas Dir'n Max Amp. (Ips pk)

Natural Freq. 1

(Hz)

Natural Freq. 2

(Hz)

Natural Freq. 3

(Hz)

Natural Freq. 4

(Hz)

26 2 1st Elbow near Cooler -H H 2.69 28 67.1 7 14.9 27 2 1st Elbow -A A 5.75 17.8 15.4 25.6 24.6 29 2 2nd Elbow near Cooler -H -H 0.65 17.8 7 9.5 177 30 2 2nd Elbow near Cooler A A 1.08 9.5 17.8 7 13.5



1st Elbow near Cooler Vibration Plot (Test 34, Channel 1)

1st Elbow near Cooler MNF Plot (Test 26)

50 100 150 200 250 0

500m

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Hz

Mag

nitu

de, i

n/s

1

2

3

4

5

67

8 9

10

G1, 1Peak# X Y1 6.875 535.0m2 9.375 1.3173 13.75 1.6254 15.00 1.4735 16.88 2.4386 30.00 425.5m7 35.00 509.0m8 38.75 203.9m9 41.88 189.6m10 50.00 607.4m

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Hz

Mag

nitu

de, i

n/s

/ lbf

1

2

34

5 67 8910

H1, 2Peak# X Y1 28.0 2.692 67.1 1.193 7.00 808m4 14.9 735m5 17.0 510m6 30.5 447m7 9.50 356m8 35.5 302m9 21.9 231m10 17.8 205m



Recommendation: Brace the 1st elbow near cooler with pipe to pipe as indicated. Brace 2nd elbow near cooler with pipe to flange as indicated on below picture.



3.7 K‐TEK Sump Tank

Observations:

Vibration levels on K‐TEK were exceeded guideline in various locations. Peak vibration reached 2.4 inches per second at 17.5 Hz on horizontal direction (1st order compressor run speed of 1050 rpm). The mechanical natural frequency of the K‐TEK was measured to be at 18 Hz which very close to dominant frequency. Vibration Data Summary

Test File

# Chan


Amp. (Ips pk)

Freq (Hz)

Guide Line

Type (ips pk) (%)

38 1 K-TEK Sump Tank H 2.14 17.5 P 0.55 389% 38 2 K-TEK Sump Tank V 0.63 17.5 P 0.55 115% 38 3 K-TEK Sump Tank A 2.16 17.5 P 0.55 393% 38 4 K-TEK Sump Tank / Lower Flange H 2.43 17.5 P 0.55 442%

MNF Data Summary

Test File #


Dir'n Meas Dir'n

Max Amp.

(Ips pk)

Natural Freq. 1

(Hz)

Natural Freq. 2

(Hz)

Natural Freq. 3

(Hz)

Natural Freq. 4

(Hz)

1 2 K-TEK Sump Pump -H H 0.18 18 37 32.3 47.5 2 2 K-TEK Sump Pump V -V 0.55 19.3 18 3 2 K-TEK Sump Pump -A A 0.2 47.5 32.3 19.3 18 4 2 Flange Near Sump Pump -H H 1.34 15.8 24.8 23.5 17.3 5 2 Flange Near Sump Pump -H H 1.89 15.8 24.9 23.4 17.3

K‐TEK Sump Tank Vibration Plot (Test 38, Channel 3)

0 100 200 300 400 500 0

500m

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Hz

Mag

nitu

de, i

n/s

G3, 3 X: 17.50 Y: 2.162



Recommendation:

Reconfigure the sight glass to minimize the length from the vessel or piping to which they are attached. Eliminate isolation valves between the nozzle and the attachment. If the attachment must be isolated, use either.

a) Mono flange valve b) Mount the attachment directly on the scrubber shell or on a separate support column. c) Minimize the projection of the nozzle from the shell by using studding outlets or RFLWN flanges

trimmed to a minimum length rather than RFWN flanges.

In case of short term action, it should be avoiding running the compressor for prolonged period at speed between 1030‐1070 rpm. Brace the sight glass with flange to flange brace as indicated on upper and lower part. After brace the sight glass finished should be recheck vibration level.



K‐TEK Sump Tank

Bracing for K‐TEK Sump Tank



3.8 Flanges near Sump Tank

Observations:

Vibration level on flange near sump tank was exceeded guideline in horizontal direction. Peak vibration reached 1.47 inches per second at 15.6 Hz on horizontal direction. The mechanical natural frequency of the on flange near sump tank was measured to be at 15.8 Hz which very close to dominant frequency. Vibration Data Summary

MNF Data Summary

Test File

# Chan


Meas Dir'n

Max Amp.

(Ips pk)

Natural Freq. 1

(Hz)

Natural Freq. 2

(Hz)

Natural Freq. 3

(Hz)

Natural Freq. 4

(Hz)

4 2 Flange Near Sump Pump -H H 1.34 15.8 24.8 23.5 17.3 5 2 Flange Near Sump Pump -H H 1.89 15.8 24.9 23.4 17.3

Flange near Sump Tank Vibration Plot (Test 40, Channel 3)

0 100 200 300 400 500 0

500m

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Hz

Mag

nitu

de, i

n/s

G3, 3 X: 15.63 Y: 1.465

Test File

# Chan


Amp. (Ips pk)

Freq (Hz)

Guide Line

Type (ips pk) (%)

40 3 Flange near sump pump H 1.47 15.6 P 0.45 327% 40 4 Flange near sump pump V 0.67 15.6 P 0.45 149% 41 1 Flange near sump pump A 0.59 16.9 P 0.53 111%



Recommendation: Support the on flange near sump tank and change clamp type to flat bar type as indicated below.

Recommend to change U‐Clamp type to flat bar clamp type which gives more stiffness than U‐Clamp type. (See next page)



Flanges near Sump Tank

Flanges near Sump Tank

Use Flat Bar Clamp size 2 inch to hold the piping, see Figure 01.



Flat Bar Clamp Type

Figure 01: Flat Bar Clamp Type



3.9 Support Suction Scrubber

Observations:

Vibration level on support suction bottle was exceeded guideline in axial direction. Peak vibration reached 4.49 inches per second at 38.8 Hz on axial direction. The mechanical natural frequency of the support suction bottle was measured to be at 39.3 Hz which very close to dominant frequency. Vibration Data Summary

Test File #

Chan # Test Point Direction

Max Amp.

(Ips pk)

Freq (Hz)

Guide Line

Type (ips pk) (%)

30 2 Support Suction Bottle H 1.45 36.3 P 1 145% 30 3 Support Suction Bottle V 0.7 38.8 P 1 70% 30 4 Support Suction Bottle A 4.49 38.8 P 1 449%

MNF Data Summary

Test File #


Dir'n Meas Dir'n

Max Amp.

(Ips pk)

Natural Freq. 1

(Hz)

Natural Freq. 2

(Hz)

Natural Freq. 3

(Hz)

Natural Freq. 4

(Hz)

22 2 Support Suction Bottle H -H 0.011 24.5 36.5 150 37.3

23 2 Support Suction Bottle A A 0.23 39.3 35 30 57

Support Suction Bottle Vibration Plot (Test 30, Channel 4)

0 100 200 300 400 500 0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

Hz

Mag

nitu

de, i

n/s G4, 4

X: 38.8 Y: 4.49



Recommendation: Strengthen suction bottle support by brace as indicated. If possible should brace in axial direction to increase MNF in axial direction to pass away from 2nd order compressor run speed.



3.10 1st Elbow near separator blow case

Observations:

Vibration level on 1st elbow near separator blow case was exceeded guideline in axial direction. Peak vibration reached 2.85 inches per second at 19.4 Hz. The mechanical natural frequency of 1st elbow near separator blow case was measured to be at 20 Hz which very close to dominant frequency. Vibration Data Summary

1st Elbow near separator blow case (Test 10, Channel 4)

0 100 200 300 400 500 0

500m

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Hz

Mag

nitu

de, i

n/s

1

2

34 567 8910 11 121314

G4, 4Peak# X Y1 19.4 2.852 17.5 2.143 35.6 230m4 51.9 120m5 151 91.1m6 104 87.1m7 107 82.9m8 146 81.8m9 31.3 71.7m10 33.1 61.1m11 103 59.4m12 154 59.3m13 148 56.1m14 131 51.7m



Recommendation: Strengthen 1st elbow near separator blow case by brace as indicated to increase MNF in axial direction to pass away from 2nd order compressor run speed.

Use Flat Bar Clamp for Pipe size 2 inch, see Figure 01: Flat Bar Clamp Type

Chevron Thailand Exploration and Production Ltd/Satun SAWN A.1

Appendix A

Operating Conditions and Machine Characteristics

Chevron Thailand Exploration and Production Ltd/Satun SAWN A.2

Remote Platform: SAWN Date: Driver: CaterpillarCompressor: ArielStroke (inch) 5.5Piston Rod Diameter (inch) Rod Load Allowance (lb)Design speed range (rpm) 900-1200Test Speed Range (rpm) 900-1200

Stage 1 1 2 2Cylinder # 1 2Cylinder Model # K KCylinder serial # C-34163 C-34164Bore (inches) 8.375 8.375Fixed Clearance - HE (%) 16.05 16.05Fixed Clearance - CE (%) 17.93 17.93Unloaded end (HE/CE)Pocket Position (Inches open) 2.5 2.5Suction Pressure (psig) 138Discharge Pressure (psig) 432Sunction Temperature (F) 90Discharge Temperature (F) 225No. of distance piecesNo. of Valve / Cylinder 8 8Specific GravityCapacity (mmscfd)

Compressor Detail Project : Pulsation Vibration Analysis

29 - 31 Aug 2011

Chevron Thailand Exploration and Production Ltd/Satun SAWN B.0

Appendix B

Test Point Description/ Pulsation/Vibration/

Mechanical Natural Frequency Data

Chevron Thailand Exploration & Production Ltd

Chevron Thailand Exploration and Production Ltd/Satun SAWN B.1

Unit Layout Top View

Test Point Description: M1A: where

M - Mechanical natural frequency 1 - Test point A - Axial direction

V1H: where V - Vibration reading 1 - Test point H - Horizontal direction

P1: where P - Pulsation reading 1 - Test point

Directions: Axial Direction (A): Refers to the direction parallel to the machine crankshaft. Horizontal Direction (H): Refers to the direction parallel to the direction of piston motion. Vertical Direction (V): Refers to the direction perpendicular to a horizontal plane.

Chevron Thailand Exploration and Production Ltd/Satun SAWN B1.1

Guideline types used in this report

C = CYLINDER guideline 70 % PIPING guidelineF = FRAME guideline 50% PIPING guidelineP = PIPING guideline Lesser of 10 mil pk-pk, 1 in/s pkS = SKID AND FOUNDATION guideline 0.1 in/s pk at 1X or 2x, valid for 300 - 1800 rm operating

speedAnomaly Indicators Colors

above 100 % of guidelineabove 150 % of guidelineabove 200 % of guideline

Type (ips pk) (%)

1 1 8555 Calibration 1 A 0.073 301 2 Calibration 2 A 0.072 301 3 Calibration 3 A 0.07 301 4 Calibration 4 A 0.07 302 1 8557 K-TEK scrubber H 1.26 33.8 P 1 126%2 2 K-TEK scrubber A 2.17 34.4 P 1 217%2 3 K-TEK scrubber V 4.86 34.4 P 1 486%2 4 K-TEK scrubber / Outlet Upper H 0.45 17.5 P 0.55 82%3 1 8557 K-TEK scrubber H 1.04 33.1 P 1 104%3 2 K-TEK scrubber A 2.22 34.4 P 1 222%3 3 K-TEK scrubber V 4.94 34.4 P 1 494%3 4 K-TEK scrubber / Outlet Upper H 0.41 34.4 P 1 41%4 1 8571 K-TEK scrubber / Flange Upper V 4.18 34.4 P 1 418%4 2 K-TEK scrubber / Flange Upper A 0.98 34.4 P 1 98%4 3 8573 K-TEK scrubber / Flange Lower H 1.34 34.4 P 1 134%4 4 K-TEK scrubber / Flange Lower V 4.09 34.4 P 1 409%5 1 8575 K-TEK Separator / Upper Gauge H 0.31 30 P 0.94 33%5 2 K-TEK Separator / Upper Gauge V 1.04 38.8 P 1 104%5 3 K-TEK Separator / Upper Gauge A 0.39 38.8 P 1 39%5 4 8576 K-TEK Flage / Upper H 0.18 30 P 0.94 19%6 1 8581 K-TEK Flage / Upper V 0.87 38.8 P 1 87%6 2 K-TEK Flage / Upper A 0.36 36.6 P 1 36%6 3 8582 K-TEK Flage / Lower H 0.2 38.8 P 1 20%6 4 K-TEK Flage / Lower V 0.9 38.8 P 1 90%7 1 8583 PSV H 0.58 20 P 0.6 97%7 2 PSV V 0.79 38.1 P 1 79%7 3 PSV A 0.55 70 P 1 55%7 4 8584 Pressure Gauge H 1.11 46.9 P 1 111%8 1 Pressure Gauge P Junk8 2 Pressure Gauge P Junk8 3 PCV-2111 P Junk8 4 PCV-2111 P Junk9 1 8585 Pressure Gauge A 1.24 70 P 1 124%9 2 8587 Pressure Gauge V 0.75 35 P 1 75%9 3 PCV-2111 H 2.5 17.5 P 0.55 455%9 4 8588 PCV-2111 V 0.39 48.8 P 1 39%

10 1 8589 PCV-2111 A 0.76 15 P 0.43 177%10 2 8590 1st Elboe near separator blowcase H 0.26 51.3 P 1 26%10 3 1st Elboe near separator blowcase V 0.5 19.38 P 0.61 82%10 4 1st Elboe near separator blowcase A 2.85 19.4 P 0.61 467%11 1 8598 C1 H 0.42 36.3 C 0.7 60%11 2 C1 V 0.65 36.3 C 0.7 93%11 3 C1 A 0.73 31.9 C 0.7 104%11 4 8599 Bottle Discharge H 0.29 31.9 P 1 29%

12 1 8606 Calibration 1 A 0.3 66.312 2 Calibration 2 A 0.3 66.312 3 Calibration 3 A 0.3 66.312 4 Calibration 4 A 0.3 66.313 1 8607 2nd Elboe near separator blowcase H 0.31 51.9 P 1 31%

2 2nd Elboe near separator blowcase V 0.12 66.3 P 1 12%3 2nd Elboe near separator blowcase A 0.28 17.5 P 0.55 51%

13 4 8608 PCV 2131 H 7.06 16.3 P 0.51 1384%14 1 8615 PCV 2131 V 0.81 48.1 P 1 81%14 2 PCV 2131 A 1.92 16.3 P 0.51 376%14 3 8616 Flang Outlet Separator Middle H 1.35 30 P 1 135%

Plot Fig:

3

4

5

6

7

-


Alert Alarm

High Alarm

30-Aug-11

RemarkTest File #

Pic.File Test PointChan

#Direction Max Amp.

(Ips pk)Freq (Hz)

Guide Line

1

2

13

9

10

11

14

12

13


Type (ips pk) (%)Plot Fig: RemarkTest

File #Pic.Fil

e Test PointChan #

Direction Max Amp. (Ips pk)

Freq (Hz)

Guide Line

14 4 Flang Outlet Separator Middle V 0.44 35 P 1 44%15 1 8618 Flang Outlet Separator Middle A 0.85 36.9 P 1 85%15 2 8619 Flang Outlet Separator Bottom H 0.61 30 P 1 61%15 3 Flang Outlet Separator Bottom V 0.26 17.5 P 0.55 47%15 4 Flang Outlet Separator Bottom A 0.13 38.1 P 1 13%16 1 8620 Suction Bottle (2S) H 0.68 36.3 P 1 68%16 2 Suction Bottle (2S) A 0.46 17.5 P 0.55 84%16 3 Suction Bottle (2S) V 0.41 50 P 1 41%16 4 8622 Flang Inlet Bottle #2 H 0.64 9.38 P 0.35 183%17 1 8623 Flang Inlet Bottle #2 H 0.67 36.3 P 1 67%17 2 Flang Inlet Bottle #2 V 0.6 199 P 1 60%17 3 8624 Discharge Bottle V 0.46 36.3 P 1 46%17 4 Discharge Bottle A 0.44 32.5 P 1 44%18 1 8625 Flang Discharge Bottle #2 H 0.51 79.4 P 1 51%18 2 Flang Discharge Bottle #2 V 0.18 60 P 1 18%18 3 Flang Discharge Bottle #2 A 0.37 31.9 P 1 37%18 4 Pressurizing Line H 0.25 109 P 1 25%19 1 8630 Pressurizing Line V 0.67 31.9 P 1 67%19 2 Pressurizing Line A 0.24 49.4 P 1 24%19 3 8631 PSV Discharge Bottle #2 H 0.97 30.63 P 1 97%19 4 PSV Discharge Bottle #2 V 0.36 31.9 P 1 36%20 1 8632 PSV 2D Bottle A 1.09 38.1 P 1 109%20 2 8634 Discharge Bottle Pulsation H 0.5 37.5 P 1 50%20 3 Discharge Bottle Pulsation V 0.49 64.4 P 1 49%20 4 Discharge Bottle Pulsation A 0.32 31.9 P 1 32%21 1 8635 Support Near Cooler H 0.63 36.9 P 1 63%21 2 Support Near Cooler V 0.65 29.4 P 0.98 66%21 3 Support Near Cooler A 0.93 29.4 P 0.98 95%21 4 8636 1st elbow near cooler A 0.38 31.9 P 1 38%22 1 8652 2nd Bearing H 0.7 71.3 P 1 70%22 2 2nd Bearing V 0.13 117 P 1 13%22 3 2nd Bearing A 0.77 69.4 P 1 77%22 4 8653 1st Bearing H 1.31 59.4 P 1 131%23 1 8652 2nd Bearing H 0.88 68.8 P 1 88% Regrease23 2 2nd Bearing V 0.13 64.4 P 1 13% Regrease23 3 2nd Bearing A 0.95 64.9 P 1 95% Regrease23 4 8653 1st Bearing H 1.34 60 P 1 134% Regrease24 1 8656 1st Bearing V 0.1 60.6 P 1 10%24 2 1st Bearing A 0.49 68.8 P 1 49%24 3 8657 NDE Engine H 0.31 68.8 WAU 0.65 48%24 4 NDE Engine V 0.12 60 WAU 0.65 18%25 1 8658 NDE Engine A 0.09 36.3 WAU 0.65 14%25 2 8659 DE Engine H 0.21 58.8 WAU 0.65 32%25 3 DE Engine V 0.1 20 WAU 0.65 15%25 4 DE Engine A 0.08 36.3 WAU 0.65 12%26 1 8662 1st Deck Plate V 3.72 36.9 1 372%26 2 2nd Deck Plate V 3.71 36.9 1 371%26 3 3rd Deck Plate V 0.64 37.5 1 64%26 4 4th Deck Plate V 7.33 36.3 1 733%27 1 8673 Line Flare H 0.37 16.3 P 0.51 73%27 2 Line Flare V 0.89 35.6 P 1 89%27 3 Line Flare A 1.02 35 P 1 102%27 4 8674 Flange Inlet Scrubber H 0.73 37.5 P 1 73%28 1 8675 Flange Inlet Scrubber V 0.34 36.9 P 1 34%28 2 Flange Inlet Scrubber A 0.15 29.4 P 0.98 15%28 3 8676 Liquid to Sump Tank H 0.53 51.9 P 1 53%28 4 Liquid to Sump Tank V 0.4 36.3 P 1 40%29 1 8681 Liquid to Sump Tank A 1.47 20 P 0.6 245%29 2 8687 Flang inlet Suction (1S) H 1.09 36.3 P 1 109%29 3 Flang inlet Suction (1S) V 0.6 173.1 P 1 60%29 4 Flang inlet Suction (1S) A 0.81 77.5 P 1 81%30 1 8686 C2 H 0.46 36.3 C 1 46%30 2 8685 Support Suction Bottle H 1.45 36.3 P 1 145%30 3 Support Suction Bottle V 0.7 38.75 P 1 70%30 4 Support Suction Bottle A 4.49 38.8 P 1 449%31 1 8688 C2 V 0.52 36.3 C 1 52%31 2 C2 A 0.82 29.4 C 0.98 84%31 3 8689 Flange Outlet 2D bottle H 0.62 75 P 1 62%31 4 Flange Outlet 2D bottle V 0.57 77.5 P 1 57%32 1 8690 Flang Outlet 2D Bottle A 0.7 30 P 1 70%32 2 8692 Fuel Scrubber H 1.66 15 P 0.43 386%

29

30

31

32

24

25

26

27

28

22

23

17

18

19

20

21

16

15


Type (ips pk) (%)Plot Fig: RemarkTest

File #Pic.Fil

e Test PointChan #

Direction Max Amp. (Ips pk)

Freq (Hz)

Guide Line

32 3 Fuel Scrubber V 0.44 16.9 P 0.53 83%32 4 Fuel Scrubber A 4.43 16.9 P 0.53 836%34 1 8708 1st elbow near cooler, Instrument Gas from BC H 2.44 16.9 P 0.53 460%34 1 1st elbow near cooler, Instrument Gas from BC H 1.63 13.8 P 0.4 408%34 1 1st elbow near cooler, Instrument Gas from BC H 1.47 15 P 0.43 342%34 1 1st elbow near cooler, Instrument Gas from BC H 1.32 9.38 P 0.3 440%34 2 1st elbow near cooler, Instrument Gas from BC V 2.55 16.9 P 0.53 481%34 3 1st elbow near cooler, Instrument Gas from BC A 2.8 16.9 P 0.53 528%34 3 1st elbow near cooler, Instrument Gas from BC A 2.3 35 P 1 230%34 3 1st elbow near cooler, Instrument Gas from BC A 1.4 50 P 1 140%34 3 1st elbow near cooler, Instrument Gas from BC A 1.02 15 P 0.43 237%34 4 8710 2nd elbow near cooler H 1.58 17.5 P 0.55 287%35 1 8711 2nd elbow near cooler V 2.66 16.9 P 0.53 502%35 2 2nd elbow near cooler A 2.68 17.5 P 0.55 487%35 2 2nd elbow near cooler A 1.29 35 P 1 129%35 3 8712 Vent Port Cooler Shut Off Valve H 3.51 19.4 P 0.61 575%35 3 Vent Port Cooler Shut Off Valve H 1.28 36.3 P 1 128%35 4 Vent Port Cooler Shut Off Valve V 1.93 30 P 1 193%35 4 Vent Port Cooler Shut Off Valve V 1.64 20 P 0.6 273%35 4 Vent Port Cooler Shut Off Valve V 1.09 84.4 P 1 109%36 1 ??? LCV-2115 H 0.29 39.4 P 1 29%36 2 LCV-2115 V 0.64 14.4 P 0.43 149%36 3 LCV-2115 A 0.57 29.4 P 0.98 58%36 4 2nd Flange near cooler H 0.21 118 P 1 21%

37 1 8787 Calibration H 0.03 1537 2 Calibration H 0.03 1537 3 Calibration H 0.03 1537 4 Calibration H 0.03 1538 1 8788 K-TEK Sump Tank H 2.14 17.5 P 0.55 389%38 2 K-TEK Sump Tank V 0.63 17.5 P 0.55 115%38 3 K-TEK Sump Tank A 2.16 17.5 P 0.55 393%38 4 8789 K-TEK Sump Tank / Lower Flange H 2.43 17.5 P 0.55 442%39 1 8791 K-TEK Sump Tank / Lower Flange P Junk39 2 K-TEK Sump Tank / Lower Flange P Junk39 3 8792 Flang near sump pump P Junk39 4 Flang near sump pump P Junk40 1 8791 K-TEK Sump Tank / Lower Flange V 0.72 17.5 P 0.55 131%40 2 K-TEK Sump Tank / Lower Flange A 1.81 17.5 P 0.55 329%40 2 K-TEK Sump Tank / Lower Flange A 1.05 36.5 P 1 105%40 3 8792 Flang near sump pump H 1.47 15.6 P 0.45 327%40 4 Flang near sump pump V 0.67 15.6 P 0.45 149%41 1 8795 Flang near sump pump A 0.59 16.9 P 0.53 111%41 2 8796 K-TEK Sump Tank / Lower Flange H 1.9 18.1 P 0.57 333%41 3 K-TEK Sump Tank / Lower Flange V 0.61 19.4 P 0.61 100%41 4 8797 K-TEK Sump Tank / Lower Flange A 0.9 18.1 P 0.57 158%

Remark: Load Step 6

39

40

34

35

36

37

-

31-Aug-11

32

33






Type (ips pk) (%)

1 1 8728 PCV-2111 H 2.85 16.3 P 0.51 559%1 1 8728 PCV-2111 H 2.5 17.5 P 0.55 455%1 2 PCV-2111 V 0.38 36.3 P 1 38%1 3 PCV-2111 A 0.9 15 P 0.43 209%1 4 8729 PCV-2131 H 7.1 16.3 P 0.51 1392%2 1 8730 PCV-2131 V 0.92 38.8 P 1 92%2 2 PCV-2131 A 1.46 16.3 P 0.51 286%2 3 8731 PSV H 0.61 16.3 P 0.51 120%2 4 PSV V 1.2 36.3 P 1 120%3 1 8732 PSV A 3.33 66.9 P 1 333%3 2 8733 Elbow near Separator H 0.35 17.5 P 0.55 64%3 3 Elbow near Separator V 0.21 17.5 P 0.55 38%3 4 Elbow near Separator A 1.88 17.5 P 0.55 342%4 1 8734 PCV-2131 H 6.85 16.3 P 0.51 1343% Double4 2 PCV-2132 V 1.08 48.1 P 1 108% Double4 3 PCV-2133 A 0.54 16.3 P 0.51 106% Double4 4 8735 Flange Outlet V 0.43 38.1 P 1 43%5 1 8736 Deck Plate V 3.69 36.9 S 1 369%5 2 Deck Plate V 3.97 36.9 S 1 397%5 3 Deck Plate V 0.75 37.5 S 1 75%5 4 Deck Plate V 6.84 36.3 S 1 684%6 1 8742 Handrail 1st H 0.77 15 P 0.43 179%6 2 Handrail 1st V 0.39 15 P 0.43 91%6 3 Handrail 1st A 5.28 15 P 0.43 1228%6 3 Handrail 1st A 2.72 17.5 P 0.55 495%6 3 Handrail 1st A 1 36.9 P 1 100%6 4 8743 Handrail Middle V 0.33 17.5 P 0.55 60%7 1 8744 Handrail 2nd H 3.81 30 P 0.94 405%7 2 Handrail 2nd V 2.4 30 P 0.94 255%7 3 Handrail 2nd A 6.5 15 P 0.43 1512%7 4 8745 Middle A 5.5 15 P 0.43 1279%7 4 8745 Middle A 1.7 18 P 0.57 298%8 1 8746 Upper Handrail H 4.21 15 P 0.43 979%8 1 8746 Upper Handrail H 1.34 40.6 P 1 134%8 2 Upper Handrail V 1 15 P 0.43 233%8 3 Upper Handrail A 2.6 41 P 1 260%8 3 Upper Handrail A 1.4 15 P 0.43 326%8 4 - - Junk9 1 8749 K-TEK scrubber H 0.76 33.13 P 1 76%9 2 K-TEK scrubber V 3.9 34 P 1 390%9 3 K-TEK scrubber A 1.7 34 P 1 170%9 4 8748 Flange K-TEK H 1 34 P 1 100%

10 1 8750 Fuel Scrubber H 1.27 15 P 0.43 295%10 1 8750 Fuel Scrubber H 1.19 17.5 P 0.55 216%10 2 Fuel Scrubber V 0.83 17 P 0.53 157%10 3 Fuel Scrubber A 3.7 17 P 0.53 698%10 4 8751 Flange Fuel Scrubber H 0.27 18 P 0.57 47%11 1 8752 Instrument Gas H 2.49 16.88 P 0.52 479%11 1 8752 Instrument Gas H 1.86 14.3 P 0.4 465%11 1 8752 Instrument Gas H 1.03 9.3 P 0.35 294%11 2 Instrument Gas V 2.6 17 P 0.53 491%11 3 Instrument Gas A 2.7 17 P 0.53 509%

DirectionMax Amp.

(ips pk)Freq (Hz)

Guide LineRemark

Alert Alarm

High Alarm

Test File # Chan # Pic.Fil

e Test Point

Vibration Data Summary on load changed


Type (ips pk) (%)Direction

Max Amp. (ips pk)

Freq (Hz)

Guide LineRemarkTest

File # Chan # Pic.File Test Point

11 3 Instrument Gas A 2.3 35 P 1 230%11 3 Instrument Gas A 1.6 66 P 1 160%11 3 Instrument Gas A 1.5 50 P 1 150%11 3 Instrument Gas A 1.2 14 P 0.42 286%11 4 8753 Flange Instrument Gas A 2 18 P 0.57 351%11 4 8753 Flange Instrument Gas A 1.1 9.4 P 0.35 314%11 4 8753 Flange Instrument Gas A 1.1 35 P 1 110%

Remark: Change load step to step 5






Type (ips pk) (%)

1 1 8555 Calibration 1 A 0.073 301 2 Calibration 2 A 0.072 301 3 Calibration 3 A 0.07 301 4 Calibration 4 A 0.07 302 1 8557 K-TEK scrubber H 0.82 33.8 P 1 82%2 2 K-TEK scrubber A 1.15 33.8 P 1 115%2 3 K-TEK scrubber V 2.71 33.8 P 1 271%2 4 K-TEK scrubber / Outlet Upper H 0.28 33.8 P 1 28%3 1 8557 K-TEK scrubber H 1.02 33.1 P 1 102%3 2 K-TEK scrubber A 0.8 33.1 P 1 80%3 3 K-TEK scrubber V 1.03 33.1 P 1 103%3 4 K-TEK scrubber / Outlet Upper H 0.3 33.1 P 1 30%4 1 8571 K-TEK scrubber / Flange Upper V 3.58 34.4 P 1 358%4 2 K-TEK scrubber / Flange Upper A 0.79 34.4 P 1 79%4 3 8573 K-TEK scrubber / Flange Lower H 1.34 34.4 P 1 134%4 4 K-TEK scrubber / Flange Lower V 3.47 34.4 P 1 347%5 1 8575 K-TEK Separator / Upper Gauge H 0.17 31.9 P 1 17%5 2 K-TEK Separator / Upper Gauge V 0.09 40 P 1 9%5 3 K-TEK Separator / Upper Gauge A 0.04 31.9 P 1 4%5 4 8576 K-TEK Flage / Upper H 0.09 31.9 P 1 9%6 1 8581 K-TEK Flage / Upper V 0.18 33.1 P 1 18%6 2 K-TEK Flage / Upper A 0.07 16.9 P 0.53 13%6 3 8582 K-TEK Flage / Lower H 0.07 50 P 1 7%6 4 K-TEK Flage / Lower V 0.17 33.1 P 1 17%7 1 8583 PSV H 0.3 16.9 P 0.53 57%7 2 PSV V 0.32 33.1 P 1 32%7 3 PSV A 0.14 16.9 P 0.53 26%7 4 8584 Pressure Gauge H 0.67 50 P 1 67%8 1 Pressure Gauge P Junk8 2 Pressure Gauge P Junk8 3 PCV-2111 P Junk8 4 PCV-2111 P Junk9 1 8585 Pressure Gauge A 0.41 33.1 P 1 41%9 2 8587 Pressure Gauge V 0.28 50 P 1 28%9 3 PCV-2111 H 1.68 16.9 P 0.53 317%9 4 8588 PCV-2111 V 0.13 50 P 1 13%

10 1 8589 PCV-2111 A 0.14 16.9 P 0.53 26%10 2 8590 1st Elboe near separator blowcase H 0.23 51.3 P 1 23%10 3 1st Elboe near separator blowcase V 0.19 16.9 P 0.53 36%10 4 1st Elboe near separator blowcase A 0.78 16.9 P 0.53 147%11 1 8598 C1 H 0.16 33.8 C 1 16%11 2 C1 V 0.19 33.8 C 1 19%11 3 C1 A 0.29 33.8 C 1 29%11 4 8599 Bottle Discharge H 0.16 33.8 P 1 16%

12 1 8606 Calibration 1 A 0.3 66.312 2 Calibration 2 A 0.3 66.312 3 Calibration 3 A 0.3 66.312 4 Calibration 4 A 0.3 66.313 1 8607 2nd Elboe near separator blowcase H 0.06 48.8 P 1 6%13 2 2nd Elboe near separator blowcase V 0.05 65 P 1 5%13 3 2nd Elboe near separator blowcase A 0.07 65 P 1 7%

DirectionMax Amp.

(Ips pk)Freq (Hz)

Guide LineRemark

30-Aug-11

Alert Alarm

High Alarm

Vibration Data Summary at 1000 rpm


e Test Point



Max Amp. (Ips pk)

Freq (Hz)



13 4 8608 PCV 2131 H 6.8 16.3 P 0.51 1333%14 1 8615 PCV 2131 V 0.76 48.1 P 1 76%14 2 PCV 2131 A 1.88 16.3 P 0.51 369%14 3 8616 Flang Outlet Separator Middle H 0.38 32.5 P 1 38%14 4 Flang Outlet Separator Middle V 0.1 32.5 P 1 10%15 1 8618 Flang Outlet Separator Middle A 0.64 34.4 P 1 64%15 2 8619 Flang Outlet Separator Bottom H 0.54 34.4 P 1 54%15 3 Flang Outlet Separator Bottom V 0.12 34.4 P 1 12%15 4 Flang Outlet Separator Bottom A 0.07 34.4 P 1 7%16 1 8620 Suction Bottle (2S) H 0.52 50.6 P 1 52%16 2 Suction Bottle (2S) A 0.31 50.6 P 1 31%16 3 Suction Bottle (2S) V 0.33 50.6 P 1 33%16 4 8622 Flang Inlet Bottle #2 H 0.15 16.9 P 0.53 28%17 1 8623 Flang Inlet Bottle #2 H 0.51 16.9 P 0.53 96%17 2 Flang Inlet Bottle #2 V 0.22 33.8 P 1 22%17 3 8624 Discharge Bottle V 0.19 33.8 P 1 19%17 4 Discharge Bottle A 0.28 33.8 P 1 28%18 1 8625 Flang Discharge Bottle #2 H 0.25 48.8 P 1 25%18 2 Flang Discharge Bottle #2 V 0.12 65 P 1 12%18 3 Flang Discharge Bottle #2 A 0.33 32.5 P 1 33%18 4 Pressurizing Line H 0.17 32.5 P 1 17%19 1 8630 Pressurizing Line V 0.37 50.6 P 1 37%19 2 Pressurizing Line A 0.1 50.6 P 1 10%19 3 8631 PSV Discharge Bottle #2 H 0.16 50.6 P 1 16%19 4 PSV Discharge Bottle #2 V 0.16 50.6 P 1 16%20 1 8632 PSV 2D Bottle A 0.38 33.1 P 1 38%20 2 8634 Discharge Bottle Pulsation H 0.18 33.1 P 1 18%20 3 Discharge Bottle Pulsation V 0.23 66.9 P 1 23%20 4 Discharge Bottle Pulsation A 0.2 50 P 1 20%21 1 8635 Support Near Cooler H 0.15 67.5 P 1 15%21 2 Support Near Cooler V 0.15 33.8 P 0.98 15%21 3 Support Near Cooler A 0.41 33.8 P 0.98 42%21 4 8636 1st elbow near cooler A 0.15 33.8 P 1 15%22 1 8652 2nd Bearing H 0.46 66.9 P 1 46%22 2 2nd Bearing V 0.08 134 P 1 8%22 3 2nd Bearing A 0.28 66.9 P 1 28%22 4 8653 1st Bearing H 0.52 66.9 P 1 52%23 1 8652 2nd Bearing H P #DIV/0! Junk23 2 2nd Bearing V P #DIV/0! Junk23 3 2nd Bearing A P #DIV/0! Junk23 4 8653 1st Bearing H P #DIV/0! Junk24 1 8656 1st Bearing V 0.06 68.8 P 1 6%24 2 1st Bearing A 0.48 68.8 P 1 48%24 3 8657 NDE Engine H 0.31 68.8 WAU 1 31%24 4 NDE Engine V 0.12 60 WAU 1 12%25 1 8658 NDE Engine A 0.06 16.9 WAU 0.53 11%25 2 8659 DE Engine H 0.18 16.9 WAU 0.53 34%25 3 DE Engine V 0.09 66.3 WAU 1 9%25 4 DE Engine A 0.04 16.9 WAU 0.53 8%26 1 8662 1st Deck Plate V 0.82 33.8 1 82%26 2 2nd Deck Plate V 1.15 33.8 1 115%26 3 3rd Deck Plate V 2.71 33.8 1 271%26 4 4th Deck Plate V 0.28 33.8 1 28%27 1 8673 Line Flare H 0.28 68.1 P 1 28%27 2 Line Flare V 0.47 34.4 P 1 47%27 3 Line Flare A 0.17 68.1 P 1 17%27 4 8674 Flange Inlet Scrubber H 0.23 34.4 P 1 23%28 1 8675 Flange Inlet Scrubber V 0.29 51.3 P 1 29%28 2 Flange Inlet Scrubber A 0.06 34.4 P 1 6%28 3 8676 Liquid to Sump Tank H 0.35 51.3 P 1 35%28 4 Liquid to Sump Tank V 0.11 16.9 P 0.53 21%29 1 8681 Liquid to Sump Tank A 0.17 50 P 1 17%29 2 8687 Flang inlet Suction (1S) H 0.55 16.9 P 0.53 104%29 3 Flang inlet Suction (1S) V 0.3 16.9 P 0.53 57%29 4 Flang inlet Suction (1S) A 0.32 50 P 1 32%30 1 8686 C2 H 0.32 16.9 C 0.53 60%30 2 8685 Support Suction Bottle H 0.66 33.8 P 1 66%



Max Amp. (Ips pk)

Freq (Hz)



30 3 Support Suction Bottle V 0.33 33.8 P 1 33%30 4 Support Suction Bottle A 1.55 38.8 P 1 155%31 1 8688 C2 V 0.44 16.9 C 0.53 83%31 2 C2 A 0.23 33.1 C 1 23%31 3 8689 Flange Outlet 2D bottle H 0.24 66.9 P 1 24%31 4 Flange Outlet 2D bottle V 0.34 16.9 P 0.53 64%32 1 8690 Flang Outlet 2D Bottle A 0.27 33.1 P 1 27%32 2 8692 Fuel Scrubber H 0.88 16.9 P 0.53 166%32 3 Fuel Scrubber V 0.28 16.9 P 0.53 53%32 4 Fuel Scrubber A 4.34 16.9 P 0.53 819%34 1 8708 1st elbow near cooler, Instrument Gas from BC H 2.44 16.9 P 0.53 460%34 2 1st elbow near cooler, Instrument Gas from BC V 2.53 16.9 P 0.53 477%34 3 1st elbow near cooler, Instrument Gas from BC A 2.79 16.9 P 0.53 526%34 3 1st elbow near cooler, Instrument Gas from BC A 1.33 50 P 1 133%34 4 8710 2nd elbow near cooler H 0.53 16.9 P 0.53 100%35 1 8711 2nd elbow near cooler V 2.66 16.9 P 0.53 502%35 2 2nd elbow near cooler A 0.77 16.9 P 0.53 145%35 3 8712 Vent Port Cooler Shut Off Valve H 0.92 16.9 P 0.53 174%35 4 Vent Port Cooler Shut Off Valve V 0.33 83.1 P 1 33%36 1 ??? LCV-2115 H 0.19 41.9 P 1 19%36 2 LCV-2115 V 0.09 41.9 P 1 9%36 3 LCV-2115 A 0.13 16.9 P 0.53 25%36 4 2nd Flange near cooler H 0.04 25 P 0.8 5%

37 1 8787 Calibration H 0.03 1537 2 Calibration H 0.03 1537 3 Calibration H 0.03 1537 4 Calibration H 0.03 1538 1 8788 K-TEK Sump Tank H 1.09 16.9 P 0.53 206%38 2 K-TEK Sump Tank V 0.36 16.9 P 0.53 68%38 3 K-TEK Sump Tank A 1.07 16.9 P 0.53 202%38 4 8789 K-TEK Sump Tank / Lower Flange H 1.24 16.9 P 0.53 234%39 1 8791 K-TEK Sump Tank / Lower Flange P Junk39 2 K-TEK Sump Tank / Lower Flange P Junk39 3 8792 Flang near sump pump P Junk39 4 Flang near sump pump P Junk40 1 8791 K-TEK Sump Tank / Lower Flange V 0.49 16.9 P 0.53 92%40 2 K-TEK Sump Tank / Lower Flange A 0.53 16.9 P 0.53 100%40 3 8792 Flang near sump pump H 0.21 16.9 P 0.53 40%40 4 Flang near sump pump V 0.22 16.9 P 0.53 42%41 1 8795 Flang near sump pump A 0.82 33.8 P 1 82%41 2 8796 K-TEK Sump Tank / Lower Flange H 1.15 33.8 P 1 115%41 3 K-TEK Sump Tank / Lower Flange V 2.71 33.8 P 1 271%41 4 8797 K-TEK Sump Tank / Lower Flange A 0.28 33.8 P 1 28%

Remark: Load Step 6

31-Aug-11


Project : Chevron Thailand Unit : SAWNDate : 29-31 Aug 2011

1 2 8800 K-TEK Sump Pump -H H 0.18 18 37 32.3 47.52 2 8801 K-TEK Sump Pump V -V 0.55 19.3 183 2 K-TEK Sump Pump -A A 0.2 47.5 32.3 19.3 184 2 Flange Near Sump Pump -H H 1.34 15.8 24.8 23.5 17.35 2 Flange Near Sump Pump -H H 1.89 15.8 24.9 23.4 17.36 2 8802 1st Bearing H H 0.042 60.3 138 69.87 2 8803 Deck Plate 1st V V 0.19 142 106 108 30.88 2 Deck Plate 2nd V V 0.058 172 37.89 2 Deck Plate 3rd V V 0.014 168 166 64 3810 2 8804 Deck Plate 4th V V 0.37 193 36.5 117 43.811 2 8806 PCV-2111 H H 0.79 18 16.5 16612 2 PCV-2131 H H 1.05 16.513 2 PCV-2131 -A -A 0.78 23.3 16.514 2 8807 1st Elbow near separator A A 0.011 2015 2 K-TEK / Scrubber -H -H 0.87 26.816 2 K-TEK / Scrubber V V 0.209 34.8 35.517 2 K-TEK / Scrubber A A 0.07 26.8 34.9 41.118 2 Pressure Gauge -H -H 2.21 26.619 2 Pressure Gauge -A A 0.32 34.8 35.120 2 K-TEK / Scrubber Lower -H H 0.24 26.8 34.9 38.1 32.421 2 K-TEK / Scrubber Lower V V 0.23 34.8 35.1 40.322 2 Support Suction Bottle H -H 0.011 24.5 36.5 150 37.323 2 Support Suction Bottle A A 0.23 39.3 35 30 5724 2 Fuel Scrubber H H 1.22 13.3 17.8 15 22.825 2 Fuel Scrubber A 0.95 17 10.8 12.8 15.526 2 1st Elbow near Cooler -H H 2.69 28 67.1 7 14.927 2 1st Elbow -A A 5.75 17.8 15.4 25.6 24.628 2 Handrail A A 0.054 31.5 30.3 35.3 28.829 2 2nd Elbow near Cooler -H -H 0.65 17.8 7 9.5 17730 2 2nd Elbow near Cooler A A 1.08 9.5 17.8 7 13.531 2 Flange Outlet Separator H H 0.059 31.5 30.3 35.3 28.8




Resonance Frequency Test Data


ePlot Fig: Hit Test Point Hit Dir'n Meas

Dir'nMax Amp.

(Ips pk)Natural

Freq. 1 (Hz)

Chevron Thailand Exploration & Production Ltd/Satun SAWN B5.1

Spectrum Channel 2

Spectrum Channel 1

Spectrum Channel 3

Spectrum Channel 4

Fig: 2


Spectrum Channel 2

Spectrum Channel 1

Spectrum Channel 3

Spectrum Channel 4

Fig: 3


Spectrum Channel 2

Spectrum Channel 1

Spectrum Channel 3

Spectrum Channel 4

Fig: 4


Spectrum Channel 2

Spectrum Channel 1

Spectrum Channel 3

Spectrum Channel 4

Fig: 5


Spectrum Channel 2

Spectrum Channel 1

Spectrum Channel 3

Spectrum Channel 4

Fig: 7


Spectrum Channel 2

Spectrum Channel 1

Spectrum Channel 3

Spectrum Channel 4

Fig: 9


Spectrum Channel 2

Spectrum Channel 1

Spectrum Channel 3

Spectrum Channel 4

Fig: 10


Spectrum Channel 2

Spectrum Channel 1

Spectrum Channel 3

Spectrum Channel 4

Fig: 13


Spectrum Channel 2

Spectrum Channel 1

Spectrum Channel 3

Spectrum Channel 4

Fig: 14


Spectrum Channel 2

Spectrum Channel 1

Spectrum Channel 3

Spectrum Channel 4

Fig: 20


Spectrum Channel 2

Spectrum Channel 1

Spectrum Channel 3

Spectrum Channel 4

Fig: 26


Spectrum Channel 2

Spectrum Channel 1

Spectrum Channel 3

Spectrum Channel 4

Fig: 27


Spectrum Channel 2

Spectrum Channel 1

Spectrum Channel 3

Spectrum Channel 4

Fig: 29


Spectrum Channel 2

Spectrum Channel 1

Spectrum Channel 3

Spectrum Channel 4

Fig: 30


Spectrum Channel 2

Spectrum Channel 1

Spectrum Channel 3

Spectrum Channel 4

Fig: 32


Spectrum Channel 2

Spectrum Channel 1

Spectrum Channel 3

Spectrum Channel 4

Fig: 33


Spectrum Channel 2

Spectrum Channel 1

Spectrum Channel 3

Spectrum Channel 4

Fig: 34


Spectrum Channel 2

Spectrum Channel 1

Spectrum Channel 3

Spectrum Channel 4

Fig: 35


Spectrum Channel 2

Spectrum Channel 1

Spectrum Channel 3

Spectrum Channel 4

Fig: 37


Spectrum Channel 2

Spectrum Channel 1

Spectrum Channel 3

Spectrum Channel 4

Fig: 40

Appendix C

Pulsation/Vibration/ Mechanical Natural Frequency Guidelines


Guidelines for reciprocating compressors The following four guidelines are useful for assessing the pulsation and vibration levels of a reciprocating compressor piping system, and vibration levels for the skid. Care must be taken in applying these vibration guidelines, as the real concern is with stress levels. Vibrations are only an indirect indication of stress. Pulsations vary greatly in a piping system depending on the location of the measurement. As a result, measured pulsations are usually less than the highest pulsation present in the system. Cylinder side pulsations are nearly always highest at the valves, but only occasionally can be measured through the valve cover. Mechanical resonance can be a problem even if Mechanical Natural Frequencies (MNFs) are at frequencies above the limits stated below. Experience has shown that the limits shown are an excellent starting point for a good design. Vibration levels can be acceptable even though MNFs are below the guidelines, but this is seldom true. Beta Machinery Analysis Ltd. has other standards for allowable compressor cylinder stretch vibrations. These must be calculated for the specific operating conditions of each cylinder. I. Vibration Guidelines for Piping The figures attached show allowable piping vibrations in two forms:

a) A Beta Machinery Analysis standard that suggests 10 mils p-p, or 1 in/sec peak or 2g peak as an upper limit at any frequency, whichever is less. There are situations where 0.6 in/sec peak is a preferred limit (e.g., on compressor frames, or on vessels with many appendages).

b) A guideline adapted from Southwest Research Institute, which allows the guidelines to increase with frequency raised to the half power. (This guideline is for resonant parts, as opposed to components whose motion will cause other components to resonate.) II. Acoustical Pulsation Guidelines for Field Measurements

A. Line Side Pulsation Limits (Based on API 618 4th Editions) Pulsation levels from the bottle away from the compressor into the system shall be less than the following:

% Pulsation = 300 /[SQRT (P x ID x ƒ)] Where:

% Pulsation = % allowable peak to peak pulsation referred to absolute line pressure at frequency ƒ

P = average line pressure (psia) ID = inside pipe diameter (inches) ƒ = pulsation harmonic frequency (cycles per second) SQRT = square root

B. Compressor Side Pulsation Limits (Based on API 618 4th Edition)

Pulsation levels measured at the cylinder flange shall be less than the following:

CPL = 3R with 7% Maximum Where:

CPL = % allowable unfiltered peak-to-peak pulsation referenced to absolute line pressure R = Stage Compression Ratio

III. Mechanical Natural Frequency Guidelines The mechanical natural frequencies (MNFs) of the vessels and piping should be above 2.4 times crankshaft speed or 30 Hz, whichever is higher, in the immediate area of the compressor. The special case of two-nozzle bottles on 4 throw compressors requires avoidance of the in-phase bottle mode in the horizontal direction coinciding with 4 times compressor speed. The special case of three-nozzle bottles on 6 throw compressors requires avoidance of the in-phase bottle mode in the horizontal direction coinciding with 3 or 6 times compressor speed. IV. Vibration Guidelines for Skid Vibrations for Reciprocating Compressors

Marginally acceptable: less than 0.1 ips peak Good (startup): less than 0.05 ips peak Threshold of perception: (*) 0.006 ips peak * For threshold of perception, refer to Figure 19.7, "Shock and Vibration Handbook," Harris and Crede

Assumptions:

1. motion in a vertical or horizontal plane 2. vibrations at one or two times crankshaft speed 3. speeds from 300 to 1800 RPM

Vibration levels on sleepers at pipe clamps should conform to the foundation guideline, at least in the vertical direction. V. Vibration Guidelines for Relief Valves and Small Bore Appendages. Some vibration guidelines are based on overall (unfiltered) vibrations. (Note that measuring overall vibrations accurately is difficult). A. Relief valves

Experience has shown that overall accelerations cause forces that result in internal damage due to fretting. A realistic guideline of 2 g true peak OA is based on this experience.

B. Small Bore Appendages. True peak overall displacement measurements converted into stress estimates are required, unless all of the vibration is at one frequency. These measurements are usually required to be differential between the free end of the appendage and the base (pipe, or vessel).

Guidelines for reciprocating pumps The following four guidelines are useful for screening and assessing the pulsation and vibration levels of a reciprocating pump and its piping system, and vibration levels for the skid. Care must be taken in applying these vibration guidelines, as the real concern is with stress levels. Vibrations are only an indirect indication of stress. (Vibrations over guideline can be acceptable.) Pulsations vary greatly in a piping system depending on the location of the measurement. As a result, measured pulsations are usually less than the highest pulsation present in the system. Fluid end side pulsations are nearly always highest at the valves, but only occasionally can be measured through the clearance volume in the fluid end. (Channel resonance and trapped vapor can seriously degrade pulsation measurements in liquid systems.) Mechanical resonance can be a problem even if Mechanical Natural Frequencies (MNFs) are at frequencies above the limits stated below. Experience has shown that the limits shown are an excellent starting point for a good design. Vibration levels can be acceptable even though MNFs are below the guidelines, but this is seldom true. Beta Machinery Analysis Ltd. has other standards for allowable pump fluid end stretch vibrations. These must be calculated for the specific operating conditions of each fluid end. I. Vibration Guidelines for Piping The figures attached show allowable piping vibrations (empirically derived) in two forms for reciprocating compressors. Text below will explain how these guidelines can be applied to pumps: a) A Beta Machinery Analysis standard that suggests 10 mils p-p, or 1 in/sec peak or 2g peak (for relief valves and other components with loose internal parts that can fret under high accelerations) as an upper limit at any frequency, whichever is less. There are situations where 0.6 in/sec peak is a preferred limit (e.g., on compressor frames, or on vessels with many appendages). b) A guideline adapted from Southwest Research Institute, which allows the guidelines to increase with frequency raised to the half power. (This guideline is for resonant parts, as opposed to components whose motion will cause other components to resonate.) The guideline plotted below is directly applicable to reciprocating compressors. Beta also uses it for reciprocating pumps, however more stringently. For pump fluid ends and manifolds, we apply the more stringent “Frame Guideline” (see figure below). The reason for this lower guideline is that the more compact construction of the pump requires lower vibration levels to maintain an acceptable level of stress. II. Acoustical Pulsation Guidelines for Field Measurements

A. Line Side Pulsation Limits (Based on API 674 2nd Edition)

Pulsation levels from the damper away from the pump into the system shall be less than the following:

P1 = 100/(dxf)1/2

Where:

P1 = maximum allowable pulsation in psi pk-pk units, for single frequencies. Cavitation must always be avoided in addition to this guideline d = inside pipe diameter (inches) ƒ = pulsation frequency (Hz)

B. Pump Suction P2 < 1.5 (Ps – Pv)

Where: P2 = is a complex (unfiltered) pressure, psi pk-pk Ps = the average suction pressure Pv = the vapour or gas breakout pressure of the fluid, whichever is higher, psia

C. Pump Discharge Relief Valve Pp ≤ Pr – Pd – (0.05 x Pd)* * [or 165 kPa (25 psi) whichever is greater]

Where: Pr = required relief valve setting Pd = maximum specified value of average absolute discharge pressure, psig Pp = positive peak of complex pulsation at the base of the relief valve, psi pk

III. Mechanical Natural Frequency Guidelines The mechanical natural frequencies (MNFs) of the vessels and piping should be above 1.4 times plunger passing frequency (PPF = number of plungers times crankshaft speed) in the immediate area of the pump. IV. Vibration Guidelines for Skid Vibrations for Reciprocating Pumps

Marginally acceptable: less than 0.1 ips peak Good (startup): less than 0.05 ips peak Threshold of perception: (*) 0.006 ips peak * For threshold of perception, refer to Figure 19.7, "Shock and Vibration Handbook," Harris and Crede

Assumptions: 4. motion in a vertical or horizontal plane 5. vibrations at one or two times crankshaft speed 6. speeds from 200 to 400 RPM Vibration levels on sleepers at pipe clamps should conform to the foundation guideline, at least in the vertical direction. V. Vibration Guidelines for Relief Valves and Small Bore Appendages. Some vibration guidelines are based on overall (unfiltered) vibrations. (Note that measuring overall vibrations accurately is difficult.)

A. Relief valves Experience has shown that overall accelerations cause forces that result in internal damage due to fretting. A realistic guideline of 2 g true peak OA is based on this experience. B. Small Bore Appendages. True peak overall displacement measurements converted into stress estimates are required, unless all of the vibration is at one frequency. These measurements are required to be differential between the free end of the appendage and the base (pipe, or vessel).

Appendix D

Glossary of Terms


Glossary of Terms Acceleration, a. Any change in velocity with respect to time, given as a vector; Written: (dv/dt). The second time derivative of displacement; written: (d2x/dt). Usually given in terms of g’s (See g.). The time rate of change of velocity. Typical units are ft/sec/sec, meters/sec/sec, and G’s (1 G = 32.17 ft/sec/sec = 9.81 m/sec/sec). Acceleration measurements are usually made with accelerometers. Amplitude, A. A measure of the wave height of a cyclic quantity at any particular point along the wave in either the positive or negative direction. (See Peak Amplitude, Peak to Peak Amplitude, RMS Amplitude.) The magnitude of dynamic motion or vibration. Amplitude is expressed in terms of peak-to-peak, zero-to-peak, or rms. For pure sine waves only, these are related as follows: rms = 0.707 times zero-to-peak; peak-to-peak = 2 times zero-to-peak. Background Noise The total of all noise sources when no signal is input into the amplifier. Baseline Spectrum A vibration spectrum taken when a machine is in good operating condition; used as a reference for monitoring and analysis. CPM A measure of frequency in cycles per minute (1 CPM = 1 Hz x 60) Cavitation A condition which can occur in liquid-handling machinery (e.g. centrifugal pumps) where system pressure decrease in the suction line and pump inlet lowers fluid pressure and vaporization occurs. The result is mixed flow which may produce vibration. Clipping The condition reached when the signal amplitude exceeds the limits imposed by the amplifier and/or supply voltage. The condition is marked by a rounding or flattening of the signal peaks; this may cause signal attenuation and distortion. Clipping is the term applied to the generally undesirable circumstance in which a signal excursion is limited in some sense by an amplifier, ADC, or other device when its full scale range is reached. Clipping may be “hard” in which the signal excursion is strictly limited at some voltage; or, it may be “soft” in which case the clipped signal continues to follow the input at some reduced gain above a certain output value. Coherence Function Coherence is a frequency domain function generally computed to show the degree to which a linear, noise-free relationship exists between a system input and the output. Values vary between one and zero, with one being total coherence and zero being no coherence between input and output. Critical Speed A machine speed, or integer multiple of machine speed, that is equal to a natural frequency. Often used interchangeably with natural frequency or resonance. Cycle One complete sequence of values of a periodic quantity. Damping The dissipation of energy which tends to bring a system to rest when the driving

stimulus is removed. The quality of a mechanical system that restrains the amplitude of motion with each successive cycle. Damping of shaft motion is provided by oil bearings, seals, etc. The damping process converts mechanical energy to other forms, usually heat. Displacement, x. The vector quantity denoting any change in position, in terms of the distance from a point of rest. Usually given in mm, inches or mils (thousandths of an inch). The change in distance or position of an object relative to a reference. Digital Spectrum Analyzer (DSA) An instrument that converts an analog signal to a digital representation, and performs spectrum analysis of that signal. Endurance Limit The maximum alternating stress that may be repeated an indefinite number of times on a standard test specimen without causing failure. It is also refereed to as the fatigue limit. Endurance Strength The strength of actual parts, based on the endurance limit, with consideration given for the stress concentrations, surface condition, size and expected life of the part. Engineering Units In a Digital Spectrum Analyzer (DSA), refers to units that are calibrated by the user (e.g., in/sec., g’s). FEA Finite Element Analysis. A method of analysis which can be used to calculate natural frequencies, displacements and stresses of structures. This technique may be applied to other fields such as heat transfer, fluid flow, electrostatics, etc. Frequency, ƒ. The reciprocal of the period of a cyclic quantity. This may be written in terms of cycles per second (cps or Hz), or cycles per minute (CPM), or revolutions per minute (RPM). The repetition rate of a periodic event, usually expressed in cycles per second (Hz), revolutions per minute (RPM), or multiples of rotational speed (orders). Orders are commonly referred to as 1 x for rotational speed, 2 x for twice rotational speed, et. Frequency Range The frequency range (bandwidth) over which a measurement is considered valid; i.e.: within manufacturer’s specs. Typical analyzers have selectable ranges. Usually refers to upper frequency limit of analysis, considering zero as the lower analysis limit. Fundamental The lowest frequency periodic component present in a complex spectrum. At least one complete period of a signal must be present for it to qualify as the “fundamental”. “G” The value of acceleration produced by the force of gravity. A standard unit of acceleration equal to one earth’s gravity. The acceleration of freefall. One g equals 32.17 ft/s2 (FPS). Goodman Diagram A plot of the alternating stress versus the mean stress in a component compared with the endurance strength and ultimate strength of the material. The design limit is defined by a line joining the endurance strength and ultimate strength. Points on the diagram below the line are considered acceptable. The concept of a safety factor is used; however, since

the material properties are based on a statistical average, the design limit should be considered a band rather than a line. Generally, a safety factor of 2 or more is considered to be an acceptable design. Harmonic Frequency component at a frequency that is an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency. Hertz, (Hz) A measure of frequency (1 Hz = 1 cycle per second). Impact Test Response test where the broad frequency range produced by an impact is used as the stimulus. Sometimes referred to as a bump test. Impedance, Mechanical The mechanical properties of a machine system (mass, stiffness, damping) that determine the response to periodic forcing functions. MNF Mechanical Natural Frequency. See Natural Frequency Modal Analysis The process of breaking complex vibration into its component modes of vibration, very much like frequency domain analysis breaks vibration down to component frequencies. Mode Shape The deflected shape of a structure that corresponds to a particular natural frequency. First Mode The mode shape at the first natural frequency, or the lowest natural frequency. There can be second, third, etc. modes. Natural Frequency The characteristic frequencies of vibration at which a system will respond with large amplitudes of vibration when excited by small forces. In general, vibrations can refer to oscillations of mechanical systems, pressure, light, electricity, gravity, etc. Operating Deflected Shape (ODS) The resultant deflected shape of a structure at a specific frequency to an applied forcing function. May also be the overall deflected shape of the structure over time. Peak Amplitude The amplitude of a cyclic quantity as measured from the rest value to the extreme maximum of the wave height, usually in the positive direction. Peak-to-Peak Amplitude The amplitude of a cyclic quantity as measured from the extreme minimum to the extreme maximum of the wave height. Peak Channel Hold (Peak Hold) A frequency domain “averaging” method which saves the highest response measured in each quantized increment during a specified time interval or number of spectral averages. The resultant spectrum is a composite of the highest spectral values measured during the averaging process.

Peak Reading, (pk) For a given vibration pulsation, the peak reading is the amplitude measured from the neutral position to the maximum positive or negative amplitude. Similarly, a peak-topeak reading is the amplitude measured from the maximum positive to the maximum negative amplitude. (1 peak-to-peak = 1 peak x 2 assuming a sinusoidal function) Peak Spectra A frequency domain measurement where, in a series of spectral measurements, the one spectrum with the highest magnitude at a specified frequency is retained. Phase A measurement of the timing relationship between two signals, between a specific vibration event and a keyphasor pulse, or between two frequency components of a spectrum. RPM A measure of shaft speed in revolutions per minute. (1 RPM = 1 Hz x 60) Resonance Resonance occurs when the frequency of an exciting force coincides with the natural frequency of a system. The system can be mechanical (translational or torsional), acoustical (pulsations, or flow) electrical (voltage or current), etc. Roll-off Frequency Cutoff frequency. The frequency at which a filter attenuates a pass band gain by 3dB. Spectrum A distribution of amplitude components as a function of frequency. The distribution of the amplitude of the components of a time domain signal as a function of frequency. Stiffness The ratio of the force on an elastic body to the resulting change in deflection. The spring-like quality of mechanical and hydraulic elements to elastically deform under load. Strain The physical deformation, deflection, or change in length resulting from stress (force per unit area). Stress The force per unit area or intensity of the loads distributed over a given area. By convention, tensile stresses are positive and compressive stresses are negative. Alternating Stress: (FA) Refers to the peak amplitude of a stress that varies with time. It is often referred to as a dynamic stress as it is the stress due to a dynamic (time varying) load. Mean Stress: (Fm) Refers to the static or steady state stress in a component. Normal Stress: (Fn) A stress that is perpendicular to a plane cut through a component (i.e.: the stress produced by pulling on a rope). Shear Stress: A stress that is parallel to a plane cut through a component (i.e.: the stress produced in rivets of a riveted joint). Test Point, (TP) Refers to a location where a measurement or reading was recorded.

Transient Analysis When the excitation of a system is of finite duration, the analysis of the data is a transient analysis. A transient analysis can also be used to study the change from one steadystate to a second steady-state condition. Transient Vibration Temporarily sustained vibration of a mechanical system. It may consist of forced or free vibration or both. Typically this is associated with changes in machine operating condition such as speed, load, etc. Velocity, v. The vector quantity denoting any change in displacement with respect to time; written: (dx/dt). Usually given in the vibration monitoring field in terms of in/sec or mm/sec. Vibration Motion in a mechanical system, resulting in various reversals in velocity relative to a reference.

ltd. sawn - prompt solutions...high vibration was recorded on valve controller body, vibration level...

Documents