lt 1 n+cerfication principles

8/4/2019 LT 1 N+Cerfication Principles

1/69

Click to edit Master subtitle style

4/19/12 Prepared by

PC Engineering &

NetworkingIT Support &

Networking

Module 3

ComputerNetworking

Prepared by


2/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Module Objective

After this module you will be able to:-

PlanImplement

ManageMaintain

TroubleshootPrepared by

Networks


3/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

N+ Certification Summary

Network Technologies 20%

Network media and Topologies 20%

Network Devices 17%

Network Management 20% Network Tools 12%

Network Security 11%Prepared by


4/69

Click to edit Master subtitle style

4/19/12 Prepared by

NetworkTechnologies

Introduction to

Networking

Prepared by


5/69

4/19/12 Prepared byNetwork+ Guide to 55

Objectives

Introductory Conceptual framework

Understand pros and cons of

networks Distinguish between client/server

and peer-to-peer networks

List elements common to allclient/server networks

Describe several specific uses for a

network


6/69


Objectives (continued)

Identify some of the certificationsavailable to networking professionals

Identify the kinds of nontechnical, or

soft, skills that will help yousucceed as a networking professional


7/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Networking!!

Prepared by


8/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Networking !!!

Prepared by


9/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Computer Network vizNetworking

A computer networkis a group ofinterconnected computers.

Networking is the practice oflinking two or more computingdevices together for the purpose ofsharing resources.

Prepared by


10/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Computer Networking(C.N)

Computer networkingis also referred to as theengineering discipline which is concerned withcommunication between computer systems or

devices.

C.N also considered a sub-discipline of

telecommunications, computer science,information technology or computerengineering.

Prepared by


11/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Why Network?

Communication

Hardware Sharing

Data Sharing

Application Sharing Data Backup and Retrieval

Prepared by


12/69


Why Use Networks?

Network:group of computers andother devices that are connected bysome type of transmission media

Advantages of using networks overstandalone computers:

Networks enable multiple users to sharethe networks resources (devices anddata)

Networks allow you to manage, or

administer, resources on multiple


13/69


Types of Networks:Peer-to-peer Networks

Every computer can communicatedirectly with every other computer

By default, no computer has moreauthority than another

Every computer is capable of sending

and receiving information to andfrom every other computer


14/69


Peer-to-peer Networks(continued)

Figure 1-1: Resource sharing on a simple peer-to-peer network


15/69


Client/Server Networks

Server: central computer used tofacilitate communication andresource sharing between other

computers on the network (calledclients)

Client/server network: uses aserver to enable clients to sharedata, data storage space, and

devices


16/69


Client/Server Networks(continued)

Figure 1-2: Resource sharing on a client/server network


17/69



Advantages of using client/servernetworks over peer-to-peer networks:

User logon accounts and passwords canbe assigned in one place

Access to multiple shared resources canbe centrally granted to a single user orgroups of users


18/69



Advantages of using client/servernetworks

Servers are optimized to handleheavy processing loads anddedicated to handling requests

from clients, enabling fasterresponse time

Because of their efficient processing and


19/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Wired Networks andthe Models

Choose network model dependingon:-

Role of the Network

Type of resources needed for sharing.

These models are:-

Pear-to-Pear

Client-Server

Prepared by


20/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Pear-to-PearNetworking Model

Referred to as workgroup Ease to implement

Used in small networks

All systems on this network areequal

Prepared by


21/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Pear-to-PearNetworking Model

No centralized data storage

No centralized control

Works well with 10 computers or

less.Prepared by


22/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Task on P2P Networking

Discuss the advantages anddisadvantages of Pear-to-Pear

Networking

Prepared by


23/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Pear-to-Pear Network:Advantages/Disadvantages

Cost

Easy Installation

Disadvantages

Security

Data backupPrepared by


24/69


Peer-to-peer Networks(continued)

Figure 1-1: Resource sharing on a simple peer-to-peer network


25/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Clint Server Networking

Client server relationship

Also called Server-based network

Easily scalable

Centralized management Streamlined backup procedure

Simplified backup

Prepared by


26/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Client-serverarchitecture

Prepared by


27/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Servers

Authentication

File share

Printer

All other resources

Network administration

Require additional computational capacity

Require NOS

Prepared by


28/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Discuss the advantagesand disadvantages of

CSN

Single Point of Failure!!!

Prepared by


29/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Classification ofNetworks Networks can be classified in the

following categories:-

Scale

Connection Method

Network Architecture

Network Topology

Prepared by


30/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Classification by Scale

Based on the scale networks can beclassified as:-

Local Area Network (LAN)

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Prepared by


31/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Scale: Local AreaNetworks A local-area network is a network covering a

small geographic area, like a home, office, orgroup of buildings consider KIITECs LAN.

The defining characteristics of LAN are muchhigher data-transfer rates, smaller geographicrange, and lack of a need for leasingtelecommunication line.

Ethernet over unshielded twisted pair cabling, andWi-Fi are the two most common technologies

currently. Prepared by

Look at a LAN example
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unshielded_twisted_pairhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unshielded_twisted_pairhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet


32/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Look at a LAN example

Prepared by


33/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Scale: Wide AreaNetwork Computer Network that covers a broad area.

It is any network whose communications links crossmetropolitan, regional, or national boundaries.

It uses routers and public communication links.

In contrast: PANs, LANs, CANs, or MANs are usually limitedto a room, building, campus or specific metropolitan area(e.g., a city)

The largest and most well-known example of a WAN is thePrepared by


34/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Wide Area Networks

WANs are used to connect LANs andother types of networks together, sothat users and computers in one

location can communicate with usersand computers in other locations.

WANs provide connections from anorganization's LAN to the Internet.

Prepared by


35/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

WAN

Prepared by

Internet as an example of


36/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Internet as an example ofWAN The Internet is a global system of

interconnected computer networks thatinterchange data.

The modality of data interchange is bypacket switching .

Packet switching is done through astandardized Protocol Suite. i.e. theTCP/IP . Prepared by


37/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Guess what !!!

The Internet carries thefollowing:-

Resources and services: E-Mail Facilities.

Streaming Media.

File Transfers and Sharing. Voice Telephony (VoIP)

Market and E-Business

Online gamingPrepared by


38/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Scale: Metropolitan Area Network(MAN)

Metropolitan area networks, orMANs, are large computernetworks usually spanning a city.

They typically use wirelessinfrastructure or Optical fiberconnections to link their sites

Prepared by
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber


39/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Scale: Metropolitan Area Network(MAN)

MAN is optimized for a larger geographical area than a LAN,ranging from several blocks of buildings to entire cities.

Might be owned and operated by a single organization, but itusually will be used by many individuals and organizations.

Also owned and operated as public utilities. They will often

provide means for internetworking of local networks.

Metropolitan area networks can span up to 50km, devices usedare modem and wire/cable

Prepared by

Cl ifi ti f N t k


40/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Classification of Networksby Connection Method

Computer networks can also be classified according to thehardware technology that is used to connect the individualdevices in the network.

These include:-

Optical Fibre

Ethernet

Wireless LAN

Ethernet uses physical wiring to connect devices. It uses

devices such as hubs, switches, bridges, and/or routers.

Wireless LAN technology is designed to connect deviceswithout wiring. These devices use radio waves as transmissionmedium.

Prepared by

A d b t


41/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

A word aboutFibre Optic technology

An optical fiber is a glass or plasticfiber that carries light along its length.

It permits transmission over longerdistances and at higher data rates than

other forms of communications.

Fibers are used instead of metal wiresbecause si nals travel alon them withPrepared by


42/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

LAN Topologies

Topologies refers to how anetwork is configured.

Physical or logical

Physical construction

How it functions

Prepared by


43/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Bus Topology

Also called Linear Bus

Computers are linked using a singlecable

Called trunk or backbone

Connected using T-Connectors with

terminatorsPrepared by


44/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Terminators

At each end of

the cable we useterminator to

prevent signalsfrom bouncing

back down thePrepared by


45/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Bus topology - Diagram

Prepared by


46/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Revision Question

Discuss the advantages

and disadvantages ofBus topology

Prepared by


47/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Star Topology

Devices on the network areconnected on a centralized point.

Each device must have its own cable

Connecting device such as HUB, orSwitches are required.

Multiple stars can also becombined.

Hierarchical star

It is easy to manage traffic andPrepared by


48/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Star Topology

Prepared by

Hi hi l St t l


49/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Hierarchical Star topology

Star1

Star2

Star

3 Prepared by


50/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Review Question

Discuss theadvantages anddisadvantages

of Star Topology

Prepared by

S Hi hli h !!


51/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Some Highlight!!

Do you agree? Add yours!!Prepared by

The Ring Topology


52/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

The Ring Topology

Network layout forms a completering.

Computers connect to thenetwork cable directly.

Data travels in one directionfrom one computer to anotheruntil reaches the intendeddestination.

Difficult to installPrepared by


53/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Ring Topology

Prepared by


54/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Review Question

Discuss the advantages anddisadvantages of Ring

topology

Prepared by


55/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Some hints !

Find out more!

Prepared by

Mesh Topology


56/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Mesh Topology

Requires each computeron the network to be

connected to every otherside.

Provides maximum reliability.

If one cable fails the system uses

alternate path to find out what itPrepared by

hi di


57/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

this diagram?

Prepared by

Advantages and


58/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Advantages andDisadvantages

These are mine find outPrepared by


59/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Wireless Topologies

Obtain anywhereanytime!

Types:- Infrastructure or managed

Ad hoc or unmanaged

WirelessTopologies

Prepared by

Infrastructure or Managed


60/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Infrastructure or ManagedWireless Topology

Commonly used to extend awired LAN to include wirelessdevices

Wireless devices communicatewith the LAN thru a base station(Access Point, AP; or WAP)

WAP, AP forms a bridge between thePrepared by

Infrastructure Wireless


61/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Infrastructure WirelessTopology

Prepared by

Ad hoc Wireless


62/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Ad hoc WirelessNetworking

Devices communicate amongthemselves without using an

access point, AP.

Used to connect a small numberof computers of network devices.

Kind of peer to peer network forthe purpose of sharing files.

Such include the BluetoothPrepared by

Ad hoc Wireless


63/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Ad hoc WirelessNetworking

Prepared by


64/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Food for thought !

Prepared by


65/69

Speed Specification


66/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Speed Specification

The IEEE 802 define themaximum speed of a

network. Speed is measured inMegabits per second,

Mbps. Faster systems use gigabits

per second Gbps. (i.ePrepared by

Access Methods


67/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Access Methods

Governs the way system access thenetwork media and send data.

Ensure that systems cancommunicate with each other.

Access methods include:-

Prepared by

Access Methods:-


68/69

4/19/12 Prepared by

Access Methods:CSMA/CD

Prepared by


69/69

lt 1 n+cerfication principles

Documents