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  • LATEX 2

    LATEX 2

    Tobias Oetiker

    Hubert Partl, Irene Hyna and Elisabeth Schlegl

    Version 2.2-Beta, 25th January, 1996

    .

  • ()

    This document is public domain''. It may be printed and distributed free of charge in its original form(including the list of authors). If it is changed or if parts of it are used within another document,then the author list must include all the original authors AND that author (those au-thors) who has (have) made the changes. When this document is used commercially, the GNU copyleft applies.

    '' () () GNU copyleft

  • LATEX 2.09 :Hubert Partl

    Zentraler Informatikdienst der Universitat fur Bodenkultur WienIrene Hyna

    Bundesministerium fur Wissenschaft und Forschung WienElisabeth Schlegl

    in Graz

    LATEX 2 Jorg Knappen CTAN:/tex-archive/info/lkurz

    comp.text.tex

    Rosemary Bailey, Friedemann Brauer David Carlisle, Christopher Chin,Chris McCormack, Wim van Dam, David Dureisseix, Elliot, David Frey,Robin Fairbairns, Erik Frisk, Alexandre Guimond, Cyril Goutte,Greg Gamble, Neil Hammond, Rasmus Borup Hansen, Martien Hulsen,Werner Icking, Jakob, Eric Jacoboni, Alan Jeffrey, Byron Jones, David Jones,Johannes-Maria Kaltenbach, Andrzej Kawalec, Alain Kessi, Christian Kern,Jorg Knappen, Kjetil Kjernsmo, Maik Lehradt, Martin Maechler,Claus Malten, Hubert Partl, John Refling, Mike Ressler, Brian Ripley,Young U. Ryu, Chris Rowley, Hanspeter Schmid, Craig Schlenter,Josef Tkadlec, Didier Verna, Fabian Wernli, Fritz Zaucker, Rick Zaccone, andMikhail Zotov

  • LATEX [1] LATEX TEX [2]

    LATEX 2 LATEX LATEX [1, 3]

    LATEX LATEX Local Guide [4] LATEX LATEX LATEX :

    LATEX 2 LATEX LATEX

    LATEX

    LATEX LATEX LATEX

    LATEX eps

    LATEX CTAN ftp.shsu.edu ftp.dante.de ftp.tex.ac.uk

    LATEX CTAN:/tex-archive/systems

  • ()

    LATEX

    Tobias Oetiker

    Department of Electrical Engineering,Swiss Federal Institute of Technology

    : CTAN:/tex-archive/info/lshort

    :

    : [email protected]

  • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    .. TEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    . LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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    .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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  • . LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

  • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . key graphicx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

  • LATEX 2 LATEX LATEX

    . .. TEXTEX Donald E. Knuth [2]

    TEX '' Tech'' ch'' Ach'' Loch'' ASCII TEX TeX

    .. LATEXLATEX LATEX LeslieLamport [1] TEX

    LATEX LATEX 3 Frank Mittelbach LATEX 2.09 LATEX 2 LATEX 2

    LATEX Lay-tech'' Lah-tech'' LATEX ASCII LaTeX LATEX 2 Lay-tech two e'' LaTeX2e

    . .. (, ,

    '' Achtung'' '' Lochness''

  • , . . . )

    , , ,

    LATEX LATEX TEX LATEX LATEX LATEX''

    WYSIWYG Word for Windows WordPerfect

    LATEX LATEX

    .. '' :

    .. WYSIWYG LATEX LATEX ''

    . . .

    LATEX :

    What you see is what you get

  • . LATEX

    LATEX PostScript The LATEX Companion [3]

    LATEX LATEX

    TEX LATEX 2 LATEX

    LATEX :

    ( , , ) LATEX Word for Windows 6.0 LATEX CPU LATEX WYSIWYG CPU WYSIWYG CPU

    . LATEX LATEX ASCII (plain text) LATEX

    ..

    (blank) (tab) LATEX '' (space) '' LATEX ''

    It does not matter whether youenter one or several spacesafter a word.

    An empty line starts a newparagraph.

    It does not matter whether you enter one or severalspaces after a word.An empty line starts a new paragraph.

    LATEX 3

  • ..

    (reserved characters) LATEX LATEX

    $ & % # _ { } ~ ^ \

    \' :

    \$ \& \% \# \_ \{ \} $ & % # { }

    .. LATEX

    LATEX

    (backslash) \ ,

    LATEX {} {} LATEX

    Knuth \TeX{} \TeX{}nician \TeX perts\\ \today.

    Knuth TEX TEXnician TEXperts .. .

    (parameter) (curlybraces) { } (optional parameters) (square brackets) [ ] LATEX

    You can \textsl{lean} on me! You can lean on me!

    !\linebreak[4]

    !

    ..

    LATEX %

  • .

    % % :

    . LATEX (structure)

    \documentclass{...}

    LATEX

    \usepackage{...}

    \begin{document}

    LATEX

    \end{document}

    LATEX . LATEX .

    . .. LATEX

    \documentclass[options]{class}

    class . LATEX

    \documentclass \begin{document} preamble

    \documentclass{article}\begin{document}Small is beautiful.\end{document}

    .: LATEX

  • letter slide options .

    .. LATEX (graphics) (coloured text) LATEX LATEX

    \usepackage[option]{package}

    package option LATEX ( .) Local Guide [4] LATEX The LATEX Companion [3]

    \documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{article}\usepackage{latexsym}\author{H.~Partl}\title{Minimalsm}\frenchspacing\begin{document}\maketitle\tableofcontents\section{Start}Well and here begins my lovely article.\section{End}\ldots{} and here it ends.\end{document}

    .:

    .:

    article , , , , , . . .

    report , , , . . .

    book

    slide sans serif

  • .

    .:

    10pt, 11pt, 12pt 10pt

    a4paper, letterpaper, . . . letterpaper a5paper, b5paper,executivepaper legalpaper

    fleqn

    leqno

    titlepage, notitlepage (document name) article report book

    twocolumn LATEX (two column)

    twoside, oneside article report (oneside) book (twoside)

    openright, openany article report book

  • .: LATEX

    doc LATEX doc.dtxa The LATEXCompanion [3]

    exscale ltexscale.dtx

    fontenc LATEX ltoutenc.dtx

    ifthen if. . . then do. . . otherwise do. . . ' ifthen.dtx The LATEX Companion [3]

    latexsym symbol latexsym.dtx The LATEX Companion [3]

    makeidx . TheLATEX Companion [3]

    syntonly syntonly.dtx The LATEX Companion [3] LATEX

    inputenc ASCII, ISOLatin-1, ISO Latin-2, 437/850 IBM code pages, Apple Macintosh, Next,ANSI-Windows user-defined. inputenc.dtx

    a dvi latex doc

  • .

    .. LATEX (page style) (header) (footer) style

    \pagestyle{style}

    .

    .: LATEX

    plain

    headings ()

    empty

    \thispagestyle{style}

    The LATEX Companion [3]

    . LATEX

    \include{filename}

    LATEX filename

    preamble LATEX

    \includeonly{filename,filename,. . . }

    preamble \include \includeonly

    \include \includeonly

  • \includeonly

    \input{filename}

  • LATEX

    .

    ..

    LATEX ..

    LATEX :

    \\ \newline

    \\*

    \newpage

  • \linebreak[n], \nolinebreak[n], \pagebreak[n] \nopagebreak[n]

    n n LATEX LATEX

    LATEX LATEX overfull hbox'' LATEX \sloppy LATEX underfull hbox'' \fussy LATEX

    ..

    LATEX TEX

    \hyphenation{word list}

    (word list) -'' hyphenation'' Hyphenation'' FORTRAN'', Fortran'' fortran''

    :

    \hyphenation{FORTRAN Hy-Phen-a-tion}

    \- ( ) LATEX

    : su\-%per\-cal\-i\-frag\-i\-lis\-%tic\-ex\-pi\-al\-i\-do\-cious

    : supercalifragilisticexpi-alidocious

    \mbox{text}

    (text)

  • .

    \mbox{0116 291 2319}

    \mbox{\emph{filename}}

    0116 291 2319 filename

    .

    ..

    (quotation mark) " LATEX '

    x' '' x' ''

    ..

    LATEX :

    --, -, -\\ --\\--- ?\\$0$, $1$ $-1$

    --, -, - ?0, 1 1

    : - (hyphen), -- (en-dash), --- (em-dash) $-$ (minus sign)

    ..

    (comma) (period) '' (ellipsis)

    \ldots

    ... :\\, , , \ldots ... :, , , . . .

  • ..

    ff fi fl ffi. . . ff fi fl ffi . . .

    (ligature) \mbox{} Not shelfful\\but shelf\mbox{}ful Not shelffulbut shelfful

    ..

    LATEX (accent) (special character) . o'

    i' j' \i \j

    H\^otel, na\"\i ve, \'el\'eve,\\sm\o rrebr\o d, !Se\~norita!,\\Sch\"onbrunner Scholo\ss{}stra\ss e

    Hotel, nave, eleve,smrrebrd, !Senorita!,Schonbrunner Scholo strae

    .:

    o` \o o \'o o \^o o \~oo \=o o \.o o \"oo \u o o \v o o \H o o \c oo. \d o o \b o oo \t oo \oe \OE \ae \AEa \aa A \AA \o \O l \l L \L \i \j ! ! ? ?

    . (language) LATEX (hyphenation rules)

    babel JohannesBraams LATEX Local Guide [4]

  • .

    babel

    \usepackage[language]{babel}

    \documentclass language

    babel German umlauts (aou) babel o "o \"o

    LATEX LATEX 2 . (.1994) LATEX 2 inputenc umlaut a 132 ISO-LATIN-1 228

    . LATEX LATEX ( LATEX )

    \' LATEX ~' \@

    Mr.~Smith was happy to see her\\cf.~Fig.~5\\I like BASIC\@. What about you?

    Mr. Smith was happy to see hercf. Fig. 5I like BASIC. What about you?

    \frenchspacing

    LATEX \frenchspacing \@

    . LATEX

  • (article)

    \section{...} \paragraph{...}\subsection{...} \subparagraph{...}\subsubsection{...} \appendix

    (report) (book) :

    \part{...} \chapter{...}

    (chapter) (article) LATEX

    \part

    \appendix

    LATEX LATEX

    \tableofcontents

    LATEX LATEX (table of contents) LATEX LATEX

    '' '' *' \section{Help} \section*{Help}

    \chapter[ ]{... }

    (title)

    \maketitle

    \title{...}, \author{...} \date{...}

    \maketitle \author \and

  • .

    . LATEX 3

    (book)

    \frontmatter, \mainmatter \backmatter

    . (cross references) LATEX

    \label{marker }, \ref{marker } \pageref{marker }

    marker LATEX \ref \label \pageref \label

    \label{sec:this} :~\ref{sec:this}~\pageref{sec:this}''

    : . ''

    .

    \footnote{footnote text}

    (footnote text)

    \footnote{} LATEX

    a LATEXa

    .

    \emph{text}

  • \emph{If you use\emph{emphasising} in analready emphasised text, then\LaTeX{} uses an\emph{upright} font foremphasising.}

    If you use emphasising in an already emphasised text,then LATEX uses an upright font for emphasising.

    . LATEX (environment)

    \begin{name} text \end{name}

    name

    \begin{aaa}...\begin{bbb}...\end{bbb}...\end{aaa}

    ..

    itemize enumerate description

    \begin{enumerate}\item \begin{itemize}\item \item[-] \end{itemize}\item :\begin{description}\item{}

    \item{}

    \end{description}\end{enumerate}

    .

    -

    . :

    ..

    flushleft flushright (left aligned, right aligned) center \\ LATEX

  • .

    \begin{flushleft}\\ \LaTeX{} \end{flushleft}

    LATEX

    \begin{flushright}\\ \LaTeX{} \end{flushright}

    LATEX

    \begin{center} \\\end{center}

    ..

    quote

    :\begin{quote}

    \LaTeX{} \end{quote}

    :

    LATEX

    quotation verse quotation verse \\

  • \begin{flushleft}\begin{verse} \\\\\\\\[5pt] \\\\\\ \\\end{verse}\end{flushleft}

    ..

    \begin{verbatim} \end{verbatim} LATEX

    \verb+text+

    +' *' LATEX

    \verb|\ldots| \ldots

    \begin{verbatim}10 PRINT "HELLO WORLD ";20 GOTO 10\end{verbatim}

    \ldots . . .

    10 PRINT "HELLO WORLD ";20 GOTO 10

    \begin{verbatim*} verbatim \end{verbatim*}

    verbatim

    \verb

    \verb*| :-) | :-)

    verbatim \verb

  • .

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    tabular (table) LATEX

    table spec

    \begin{tabular}{table spec}

    l r c p{width} |

    tabular & \\ \hline \begin{tabular}{|r|l|}\hline7C0 & \\3700 & \\11111000000 & \\\hline \hline1984 & \\\hline\end{tabular}

    7C0 3700

    11111000000 1984

    \begin{tabular}{|p{4.7cm}|}\hline\\\hline\end{tabular}

    @{...} @{}

    \begin{tabular}{@{} l @{}}\hline\\\hline\end{tabular}

    \begin{tabular}{l}\hline\\\hline\end{tabular}

  • '' : @{} \begin{tabular} .'' & \multicolumn

    \begin{tabular}{c r @{.} l} &\multicolumn{2}{c}{}\\\hline$\pi$ & 3&1416 \\$\pi^{\pi}$ & 36&46 \\$(\pi^{\pi})^{\pi}$ & 80662&7 \\\end{tabular}|

    pi 3.1416pipi 36.46

    (pipi)pi 80662.7

    .

    ' LATEX (floating bodies) (table) (figure) LATEX LATEX

    LATEX figure table

    \begin{figure}[placement specifier ] \begin{table}[placement specifier ]

    placement specifier LATEX (floatplacing permissions) .

    \begin{table}[!hbp]

    [!hbp] LATEX (h) (b) (p) (!) [tbp]

    dcolumn

  • .

    LATEX LATEX ( h' ) LATEX :

    LATEX

    table figure

    \caption{caption text}

    Figure'' Table'' LATEX

    \listoffigures \listoftables

    \tableofcontents \caption

    \caption[]{: }

    \label \ref

    (first in first out) '' '' ()

    .:

    . . .h t b p !

  • ~\ref{white} Pop-Art\begin{figure}[!hbp]\makebox[\textwidth]{\framebox[5cm]{\rule{0pt}{5cm} } }\caption{} \label{white}

    \end{figure}

    LATEX (!) (h) (b) (p) LATEX

    \clearpage \cleardoublepage

    LATEX \cleardoublepage

    PostScript LATEX

    . LATEX LATEX

    LATEX

    LATEX

    ..

    \newcommand{ name}[num]{definition}

    argument name definition num 9

    \tnss The not so Short introduction to LATEX 2''

    \newcommand{\tnss}{ \LaTeXe }

    % \tnss'' \ldots \\\tnss''

    LATEX 2'' . . . LATEX 2''

  • .

    num #1 #2 \newcommand{\txsit}[1]{ \LaTeXe #1}

    % \begin{itemize}\item \txsit{}\item \txsit{}\end{itemize}

    LATEX 2 LATEX 2

    LATEX \renewcommand \newcommand \providecommand \newcommand LATEX

    .. \newcommand examples'' '', '' \newenvironment

    \newenvironment{ name}[num]{ before}{after }

    \newcommand \newenvironment (option) before after \end{name}

    \newenvironment\newenvironment{king}{\begin{quote}} {\end{quote}}

    % \begin{king} \ldots\end{king}

    . . .

    num \newcommand LATEX \renewenvironment \newenvironment

  • AMS-LATEX

    .

    LATEX \( \) $ $ \begin{math} \end{math}

    $a$ $b$ $c$:$c^{2}=a^{2}+b^{2}$

    a b c : c2 = a2 + b2

    \TeX{} $\tau\epsilon\chi$ \\[6pt] 100~m$^3$ \\[6pt] $\heartsuit$

    TEX 100 m3

    \[ \], $ $ \begin{displaymath} \end{displaymath} LATEX equation

    $a$ $b$ $c$:\begin{displaymath}c^{2}=a^{2}+b^{2}\end{displaymath}

    a b c :

    c2 = a2 + b2

    \label \ref

  • \begin{equation} \label{eq:eps}\epsilon > 0\end{equation} (\ref{eq:eps}) \ldots

    > 0 (.) (.) . . .

    \centering$\lim_{n \to \infty}\sum_{k=1}^n \frac{1}{k^2}= \frac{\pi^2}{6}$\begin{displaymath}\lim_{n \to \infty}\sum_{k=1}^n \frac{1}{k^2}= \frac{\pi^2}{6}\end{displaymath}

    limnn

    k=11k2 =

    pi2

    6

    limn

    nk=1

    1k2

    =pi2

    6

    (math mode) (textmode) :

    . \, \quad \qquad

    \begin{equation}\forall x \in \mathbf{R}:\qquad x^{2} \geq 0\end{equation}

    x R : x2 0 (.)

    .

    . () \textrm{...}

    \begin{equation}x^{2} \geq 0\qquad\textrm{ }x\in\mathbf{R}\end{equation}

    x2 0 x R (.)

    : '(blackboard bold) \mathbb amsfonts amssymb \begin{equation}x^{2} \geq 0\qquad\textrm{ }x\in\mathbb{R}\end{equation}

    x2 0 x R (.)

    . {...}

  • .

    \begin{equation}a^x+y \neq a^{x+y}\end{equation} a

    x + y 6= ax+y (.)

    .

    .

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    \sqrt n \sqrt[n] LATEX \surd

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    x

    x2 +

    y 3

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    \overline \underline

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    \overbrace \underbrace

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    (accent) . \widetilde \wildhat '

    \begin{displaymath}y=x^{2}\qquad y'=2x\qquad y''=2\end{displaymath} y = x

    2 y = 2x y = 2

    \vec A B \overrightarrow \overleftarrow

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  • \begin{displaymath}\vec a\quad\overrightarrow{AB}\end{displaymath} ~a

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    \[ \lim_{n \rightarrow 0}\frac{\sin x}{x}=1 \] lim

    n0sinxx

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  • .

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  • \begin{displaymath}\mathbf{X} =\left( \begin{array}{ccc}x_{11} & x_{12} & \ldots \\x_{21} & x_{22} & \ldots \\\vdots & \vdots & \ddots\end{array} \right)\end{displaymath}

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  • .

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  • \begin{displaymath}a^2+b^2=c^2\end{displaymath}{\settowidth{\parindent}{:\ }

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    . Lemma'', Definition'', Axiom'' LATEX

    \newtheorem{name}[counter ]{ text}[section]

    name theorem'' text theorem''

    counter name theorem'' theorem'' name

    \newtheorem

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    \newtheorem

    % % \newtheorem{law}{Law}\newtheorem{jury}[law]{Jury}% \begin{law} \label{law:box}Don't hide in the witness box\end{law}\begin{jury}[The Twelve]It could be you! So beware andsee law \ref{law:box}\end{jury}\begin{law}No, No, No\end{law}

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    Jury (The Twelve) It could be you! So beware andsee law

    Law No, No, No

  • .

    Jury'' Law''

    \newtheorem{mur}{Murphy}[section]\begin{mur} What can go wrong,will go wrong. \end{mur} Murphy .. What can go wrong, will go wrong.

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    amsbsy ( amsmath) \boldsymbol poor man's bold'' \pmb

    \begin{displaymath}\mu, M \qquad\boldsymbol{\mu}, \boldsymbol{M}\qquad \pmb{\mu}, \pmb{M}\end{displaymath}

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  • . .--. amssymb AMS AMS CTAN:/tex-archive/macros/latex/packages/amslatex

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    .:

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    symbols.tex David Carlisle Josef Tkadlec

  • .

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    a latexsym

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  • .:

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    a latexsym

  • .

    .:

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    .: AMS

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    .:

    z \digamma \varkappa i \beth k \daleth \gimel

    .: AMS

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  • .: AMS

    L99 \dashleftarrow 99K \dashrightarrow ( \multimap \leftleftarrows \rightrightarrows \upuparrows \leftrightarrows \rightleftarrows \downdownarrowsW \Lleftarrow V \Rrightarrow \upharpoonleft \twoheadleftarrow \twoheadrightarrow \upharpoonright \leftarrowtail \rightarrowtail \downharpoonleft \leftrightharpoons \rightleftharpoons \downharpoonright \Lsh \Rsh \rightsquigarrow" \looparrowleft # \looparrowright ! \leftrightsquigarrowx \curvearrowleft y \curvearrowright \circlearrowleft \circlearrowright

    .: AMS

    \nless \ngtr & \varsubsetneqq \lneq \gneq ' \varsupsetneqq \nleq \ngeq " \nsubseteqq

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  • .

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    .: AMS

    ~ \hbar } \hslash k \Bbbk \square \blacksquare s \circledSM \vartriangle N \blacktriangle { \complementO \triangledown H \blacktriangledown a \Game \lozenge \blacklozenge F \bigstar \angle ] \measuredangle ^ \sphericalangleupslope \diagup \diagdown 8 \backprime@ \nexists ` \Finv \varnothing \eth 0 \mho

    .:

    ABCdef \mathrm{ABCdef}ABCdef \mathit{ABCdef}ABCdef \mathnormal{ABCdef}ABC \mathcal{ABC}ABC \mathcal{ABC} eucal with option: mathcal

    \mathscr{ABC} eucal with option: mathscrABCdef \mathfrak{ABCdef} eufrakABC \mathbb{ABC} amsfonts amssymb

  • LATEX `' LATEX LATEX Manual [1] The LATEX Companion [3]

    . LATEX ( ) . . document class

    {\small The small and\textbf{bold} Romans ruled}{\Large all of great big\textit{Italy}. }

    The small and bold Romans ruled all of great bigItaly.

    LATEX LATEX LATEX 2.09

    .

    (curly braces) LATEX

    He likes {\LARGE large and{\small small} letters}. He likes large and small letters.

    \par

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  • .:

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    .:

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    \Large larger font\LARGE very large font\huge huge\Huge largest

    .:

    \mathcal{...} $\mathcal{B}=c$ B = c\mathrm{...} $\mathrm{K}_2$ K2\mathbf{...} $\sum x=\mathbf{v}$ x = v\mathsf{...} $\mathsf{G\times R}$ G R\mathtt{...} $\mathtt{L}(b, c)$ L(b, c)\mathnormal{...} $\mathnormal{R_{19}}\neq R_{19}$ R 6= R19\mathit{...} $\mathit{ffi}\neq ffi$ ffi 6= ffi

  • .

    {\Large This is not true.But remember I am a liar.}\par This is not true. But remember I am aliar.

    ! Remember! The MO RE fonts you use in a document the morereadable and beautiful it becomes.

    . ..

    \linespread{factor }

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  • ..

    LATEX :

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    ..

    LATEX :

    \vspace{length}

    \vspace* \vspace

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    . . .

    \vspace{\stretch{1}} \pagebreak

    \\[length]

  • .

    Header

    Body

    Footer

    MarginNotes

    i8 -

    i7

    ?

    6

    i1 -

    -i3 i10 -- i9

    6

    ?

    i11

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    6i46?

    i56

    ?

    i66

    ?

    1 one inch + \hoffset 2 one inch + \voffset3 \evensidemargin = 54pt 4 \topmargin = 0pt5 \headheight = 13pt 6 \headsep = 18pt7 \textheight = 646pt 8 \textwidth = 361pt9 \marginparsep = 7pt 10 \marginparwidth = 72pt11 \footskip = 25pt \marginparpush = 5pt (not shown)

    \hoffset = 0pt \voffset = 0pt\paperwidth = 614pt \paperheight = 794pt

    .:

  • .: TEX

    mm 1/25 cm = 10 mmin 25.4 mmpt 1/72 13 mmem m ex x

    . LATEX 2 (paper size) \documentclass (margin) . layout

    LATEX

    \setlength{parameter }{length}

    \addtolength{parameter }{length}

    \setlength 1 cm

    \addtolength{\hoffset}{-0.5cm}\addtolength{\textwidth}{1cm}

    . (bibliography) thebibliography

    \bibitem{marker }

    marker

    \cite{marker }

    \begin{thebibliography}

    CTAN:/tex-archive/macros/latex/packages/tools

  • Part1~\cite{pa} hasproposed, that \ldots

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    Part1 [1] has proposed, that . . .

    [1] H. Part1: German TEX, TUGboat Vol. 9, No. 1('88)

    . (index) LATEX makeindex TheLATEX Companion [3]

    LATEX makeindex

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    key index key .

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    makeindex .ind LATEX

    makeidx 8

  • .: key

    \index{hello} hello, 1 \index{hello!Peter} Peter, 3 hello'\index{Sam@\textsl{Sam}} Sam, 2 \index{Lin@\textbf{Lin}} Lin, 7 \index{Jenny|textbf} Jenny, 3 \index{Joe|textit} Joe, 5

    \printindex

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    . EPS figure table LATEX

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    LATEX LATEX Encapsulated PostScript (EPS)

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    [8]

  • [1] Leslie Lamport. LATEX: A Document Preparation System. Addison-Wesley,Reading, Massachusetts, second edition, 1994, ISBN 0-201-52983-1.

    [2] Donald E. Knuth. The TEXbook, Volume A of Computers andTypesetting, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, second edition, 1984,ISBN 0-201-13448-9.

    [3] Michel Goossens, Frank Mittelbach and Alexander Samarin. The LATEX Companion.Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 1994, ISBN 0-201-54199-8.

    [4] LATEX LATEX Local Guide local.tex LATEX

    [5] LATEX3 Project Team. LATEX 2 for authors. LATEX 2 usrguide.tex.

    [6] LATEX3 Project Team. LATEX 2 for Class and Package writers. LATEX 2 clsguide.tex.

    [7] LATEX3 Project Team. LATEX 2 Font selection. LATEX 2 fntguide.tex.

    [8] D. P. Carlisle. Packages in the graphics' bundle. graphics' grfguide.tex, LATEX

    [9] Rainer Schopf, Bernd Raichle, Chris Rowley. A New Implementation of LATEX'sverbatim Environments. tools' verbatim.dtx, LATEX

    [10] Graham Williams. The TeX Catalogue TEX LATEX CTAN:/help/Catalogue/catalogue.html

    [11] Keith Reckdahl. Using EPS Graphics in LATEX 2 Documents EPS LATEX CTAN:/info/epslatex.ps

    [12] , TEX ' LATEX http://thaigate.rd.nacsis.ac.jp/files/ttex.html

  • [13] , LATEX' LATEX http://zzzthai.fedu.uec.ac.jp/linux/thailatex/

    [14] , Typesetter ThaiTEX' TEX http://thaigate.rd.nacsis.ac.jp/files/ttex.html

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  • verse, eqnarray, equation, eucal, eufrak, executive paper, exscale,

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    header, headings, \hline, horizontal space, \hspace, \Huge, \huge, hyphen, \hyphenation, hyphenation rules,

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  • \mbox, , minus sign, Mittelbach, Frank, \multicolumn,

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