los angeles region - otis college of art and design · 2019. 12. 30. · march 2015 los angeles...

MARCH 2015

LOS ANGELES REGION

Fast Facts

Prepared for Otis College of Art and Design by theLos Angeles County Economic Development Corporation.

695,100 Jobs (direct, indirect, induced) IN THE L.A. REGION (L.A. AND ORANGE COUNTIES)

1 in 7Jobs IN L.A. COUNTY

40% OF THE STATE’S CREATIVE ECONOMY WORKERS IN THE L.A. REGION

L.A. REGIONCREATIVE INDUSTRY OUTPUT NEARLY

$140 Billion(direct, indirect, induced)

LARGEST CREATIVEINDUSTRIESIN L.A. REGION:

EntertainmentFashionPublishing

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JOBSLOS ANGELES COUNTY 2013

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(direct, indirect, and induced)

Total creative industries wage and

salary employment

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2014 Otis Report on the Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region www.otis.edu/otisreport 2

2014 Otis Report on the Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region



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2014 Otis Report on the Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region www.otis.edu/otisreport

PREPARED AND RESEARCHED BY: The LAEDC Kyser Center for Economic ResearchRobert A. Kleinhenz, Ph.D. Chief Economist

Kimberly Ritter-MartinezEconomist

George EntisResearch Analyst The LAEDC Institute for Applied EconomicsChristine Cooper, Ph.D.Vice President

PROJECT MANAGED BY: Otis College of Art and Design Arleen Chikami Assistant Director of Strategic Partnerships

Claudia Beinkinstadt KrumlaufDevelopment & Special Events Manager Rachel MoreauCoordinator, Strategic Partnerships

Linda Johnson Executive Assistant Anne Swett-Predock Creative Direction

Jody Work ’13 MFA Design and Production

Download the full report, view highlights from the creative economy launch event, and learn more about other resources at www.otis.edu/econreport


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5

I

Introduction 6 Key Findings 10 II

2014 Otis Report on the Creative Economyof the Los Angeles Region 13

III

How to Use this Report 69Statistical Appendix 71Index of Tables 93 Sources 94

REPORT CONTENTS


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http://tinyurl.com/kblrw9k

What is the economic impact of creativity?

In 2007, President Samuel Hoi of Otis College of Art and Design set out to answer this question by commissioning the Los Angeles County Economic Development Corporation (LAEDC) to measure, benchmark, and assess trends in the creative economy of the Los Angeles region, which comprises L.A. and Orange Counties.

INTERIM PRESIDENT OTIS COLLEGE OF ART AND DESIGN

KERRY WALK, Ph.D.


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The result—the annual Otis Report on the Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region—has become a leading advocacy tool for the arts, design, and entertainment in the region, inspired a convergence of cross-sector leaders committed to working together to bolster the creative economy, and stimulated similar efforts in cities and regions across the country.

Beginning last year, with the generous support of the California Arts Council, the economic analysis included in the Otis Report was extended to the entire state of California. This year’s statewide report will be released on April 15 at a public hearing in Sacramento before the Joint Committee for the Arts. Further details on the release of the statewide report can be found at the California Arts Council’s website, at www.arts.ca.gov.

The 2014 Otis Report, based on data from 2013, provides powerful and persuasive evidence of the enormous positive fiscal impact of the creative industries both regionally and statewide. Here are a few highlights of the 2014 Otis Report related specifically to the Los Angeles region:

Creative industry output totaled $139.8 billion (direct, indirect, and induced). The creative industry generated 695,100 jobs (direct, indirect, and induced). Workers’ earned income was $48.8 billion.

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Workers paid nearly $5.7 billion in taxes to California state and local governments. Workers accounted for 40% of the state’s total creative workforce

(direct, indirect, and induced). In L.A. County, the creative industries accounted for 1 in 7 jobs;

in Orange County, 1 in 18. The largest creative industries in the region were entertainment,

fashion, and publishing.

New to this year’s report is the Location Quotient, a measure that seeks to quantify the concentration of a particular industry, industry cluster, occupation, or demographic group in a region compared to the nation. The Location Quotient reveals what makes a region unique and gives an indication of where a region has a competitive advantage. Amazingly, in 2013 in Los Angeles County, the ten occupations with the highest Location Quotients were all creative occupations, with media and communication workers taking top honors and sound engineering technicians rounding out the list in 10th place.

If the original impulse of the Otis Report was to translate creativity into the hard-nosed language of dollars and cents, this year’s Otis Report has come full circle with an attempt to tell the rich stories behind the statistics. To do this, Otis has partnered with KCETLink and its award-winning Artbound series on a set of online articles and short video segments. The project culminates with “The State of Creativity: A Look into the Otis Report on the Creative Economy,” a one-hour television special that will premiere in Southern California on March 24th at 8:00 pm on KCET and nationally on March 30th at 8:00 pm on Link TV (DirecTV 375 and DISH Network 9410). The television special and accompanying articles and video segments will live on Artbound’s website, at www.kcet.org/arts/artbound, with the goal of deepening engagement with the Otis Report and enhancing its ability to reach new audiences.

The Otis Report can leave no doubt that creativity is a powerful economic driver both regionally and statewide. KCETLink’s compelling portrayal of the faces and facets of the creative economy makes a persuasive case for the beneficial and essential role that creative enterprise plays in our lives: it is central to the health and well-being of our citizens and communities; it motivates innovation and ensures long-term regional competitiveness; and it creates jobs—numerous highly skilled jobs that require significant preparation to perform. Now more than ever, it is critical that leaders from the public, private, and nonprofit sectors work together to develop and sustain the talent pipeline that feeds the creative economy of our region. A necessary first step is investment in accessible, high-quality arts education, but championing policies and practices that encourage creative placemaking, entrepreneurship, and innovation are also required for growing the talent pipeline.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The 2014 Otis Report on the Creative Economy would not have been possible without the generous support of individuals and organizations that have joined together to affirm the value of the creative economy. On behalf of Otis College of Art and Design, I would like to express thanks to the Kyser Center for Economic Research at the Los Angeles County Economic Development Corporation for generating the Otis Report, and to KCETLink’s Artbound for bringing it to life through print pieces, video segments, and the television special “The State of Creativity: A Look into the Otis Report on the Creative Economy.”

I would also like to thank our lead sponsors, the California Arts Council and Mattel, whose support of the Otis Report has been vital and steadfast. Their commitment, and the generous contributions of the following supporters, have made the 2014 Otis Report and its release events in Los Angeles and Orange County possible: the Boeing Company, the City of Los Angeles’ Department of Cultural Affairs, City National Bank, Hybrid Apparel, the James Irvine Foundation, and Sony Pictures. Media partners for the events include KCETLink, Artbound, Arts for LA, Arts Orange County, Association of California Cities - Orange County, Californians for the Arts, and LAX Coastal Chamber of Commerce.

I conclude with the hope that this year’s transmedia presentation of the Otis Report inspires creative stakeholders to continue to work together to heighten awareness of the social, cultural, and economic impact of the serious business of creativity in the Los Angeles region.

Kerry Walk, Ph.D.Interim PresidentOtis College of Art and Design

Otis prepares diverse students of art and design to enrich our world through their creativity, their skill, and their vision. The College offers an interdisciplinary education for approximately 1,200 full-time students, awarding BFA degrees in Architecture/Landscape/Interiors, Communication Arts, Digital Media, Fashion Design, Fine Arts, Product Design, and Toy Design, and MFA degrees in Fine Arts, Graphic Design, Public Practice, and Writing. Through Continuing Education & Pre-College Programs, Otis offers a wide range of art and design courses and programs for all ages, including children and teens. For information, visit www.otis.edu.

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KEY FINDINGS

ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTIONLOS ANGELES REGION, 2013

(L.A. and Orange Counties)

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TOTAL CREATIVE

INDUSTRY OUTPUT

$140 BILLION

Direct, indirect, and

induced impact

Revenues + Spending +

Economic Activity

TOTAL GROSS

REGIONAL PRODUCT

$766 BILLION

A Net Economic

Contribution of

$82.6 BILLION

Creative Industries

Contribute

10.6%

Tax Revenues

$5.7 BILLION


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ING

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NUMBER OF

CREATIVE

INDUSTRY JOBS

Wage and Salary Workers

EMPLOYMENT

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Direct Jobs

406,900

Creative IndustryJobs Account for

5%

of all California’s Wage and Salary Employment

Creative Industry JobsAccount for

12.5%

of all workers in the L.A. region

ALL WAGE AND

SALARY

EMPLOYMENT

Direct, Indirect, and Induced Jobs

695,100

695,100

LOS ANGELES REGION, 2013 (L.A. and Orange Counties)


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WORKERS IN

CREATIVE

OCCUPATIONS

IN CALIFORNIA

Workers in Creative

Occupations

Located in L.A. Region

OVER 40%

POWERHOUSETHE L.A. REGION IS THE CREATIVE CAPITAL OF THE STATE AND THE NATION.

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2014 OTIS REPORT ON THECREATIVE ECONOMY OF THE LOS ANGELES REGION


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© 2014 Los Angeles County Economic Development CorporationThe Kyser Center for Economic Research444 S. Flower St., 37th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90071Tel: 213-622-4300, 888-4-LAEDC-1 Fax: 213-622-7100www.LAEDC.org [email protected]

About the Kyser Center for Economic Research The Kyser Center for Economic Research was named in November 2007 in honor of the LAEDC’s first Chief Economist, Jack Kyser. The Kyser Center’s economic research encompasses the Southern California region, which includes: the counties of Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego and Ventura. The center also tracks developments and produces forecasts, studies, and reports on the California, national and international economies.

The economy of the greater Los Angeles region is driven by more than its famed entertainment industry. The region’s broad economic base also includes aerospace, automotive, biotechnology, fashion, manufacturing and international trade. The Kyser Center conducts research on the individual industries of the region to better understand ongoing changes in the economy.

The Kyser Center is highly regarded for its accurate and unbiased assessment of the economy. Kyser Center economists are also sought-after public speakers and frequent contributors to media coverage of the economy. At the heart of the Kyser Center is its mission to provide information, insights and perspectives to help business leaders, government officials and the general public understand and take advantage of emerging trends.



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The Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region 16National and Global Economic Context 18 Economic Contribution of the Creative Industries 19Employment Trends 23 Counting the Self-Employed 27Occupations in the Creative Economy 32 Looking Ahead: The Creative Economy in 2018 39Industry Snapshots 43 Architecture and Interior Design 44 Art Galleries 47 Communication Arts 48 Digital Media 49 Entertainment 52 Fashion 53 Furniture and Decorative Arts 54 Product and Industrial Design 55 Publishing and Printing 56 Toys 57 Visual and Performing Arts 58Nonprofit Segment of the Creative Economy 59 Arts Education: K-12 and Post-Secondary 63 How to Use This Report 69 Notes on Methodology and Data 71 Statistical Appendix 73 Index of Tables 93 Sources 94

CONTENTSLOS ANGELES REGION


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THE CREATIVE ECONOMY OF THE LOS ANGELES REGION How is creativity defined? One definition is that “creativity is the ability to produce something that is novel or original, and useful or adaptive.” This sounds simple enough but how is that “something” achieved? The creative spark is often depicted as an “aha” or “eureka” experience, when the reality may have been that years of thought, hard work and experimentation were needed to arrive at that one moment.1 Researchers still cannot name the specific combination of biological and environ-mental factors that produce creative brains. Theories of the origin of human creativity are beyond the scope of this report, but if fostering creativity is to be considered as a means of economic development, then one must ask if creativity can be learned or taught, and if so, how it can then be nurtured. A second question is whether or not creativity in the arts can be equated with creativity in the sciences or in business, or should the latter two groups be considered separately? Is innovation in the sciences or business the same as artistic creativity or is it something altogether different? Research suggests that the process of creation (or innovation) in all three activities is largely the same: preparation, incu-bation, inspiration (the eureka moment) and production. The same, ongoing, iterative process is essential to many forms of creativity whether it be composing an orchestral work or revealing the structure of the universe. 2

Creativity is one of the Los Angeles region’s foremost economic assets and the creative economy is undeniably important to the region’s economic growth. In this report, the creative economy is defined as the businesses and individuals involved in producing cultural, artistic, and design goods and services. It consists of creative professions and enterprises that take powerful, original ideas and transform them into practical and often beautiful goods, or inspire us with their artistry.

1Andreasen, Nancy. “Secrets of the Creative Brain, The Atlantic; Web. June 25, 2014 2Ibid


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It also includes organizations that provide a venue for artists to share their work with the public such as museums, art galleries and theaters. Finally, it includes activities one does not instinctively associate with creativity such as apparel, toy and furniture manufacturing - all industries that depend on good design. In a broader sense, the creative economy must include a support system that teaches, nurtures and sustains creative activity: arts programs in K-12 schools, post-secondary arts institutions to develop talent, and philanthropic foundations along with other nonprofit funding organizations to provide financial resources, incentives, and services to the creative arts. In today’s economy, the market value of products and services is increasingly determined by a product’s uniqueness, performance and aesthetic appeal. More companies are seeking employees with creativity as well as problem solving and communications skills. Business location decisions are also influenced by factors such as the availability of a creative workforce and the quality of life available to employees. The talent that drives the creative economy provides a competitive advantage that reaches across almost every industry in the Los Angeles region. Firms develop a competitive advantage when they implement strategies that other firms cannot duplicate. Regions acquire a competitive advantage when they attract creative employees because creative thinkers encourage innovation which fosters economic growth. Furthermore, the creative talent pool in a region is not as vulnerable to going “offshore”. Historically, the development of advanced technologies that increase productivity was seen as a pathway to better jobs, but that is no longer necessarily true. Many advanced technologies can be replicated across the world using cheaper labor. But original artistic creation, innovative design and other higher-level creative work cannot be outsourced so easily. Creativity builds both brand awareness and attracts talented people to a dynamic environment. Moreover, cultural spaces can become hubs for civic engagement, often a powerful community revital-ization asset, especially in economically distressed neighborhoods. Although entertainment is the most visible creative industry in Los Angeles, one can find creative individuals working in nearly every industry in the region. Because creativity is a dynamic function of humanity, the creative economy is a vibrant and vital force in society. Intellectual and aesthetic sensibilities lead individuals to express themselves through the arts, solve problems through design, and seek out what is beautiful and original. The Los Angeles region is unique because of its combination of place, resources and open attitudes toward new ideas. This openness to new ideas and the ability to make associations and connections that other people do not see is one of the defining characteristics of creativity.


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NATIONAL AND GLOBAL ECONOMIC CONTEXT While this report places the creative industries of the Greater Los Angeles region in the spotlight, the backdrop for these industries is the overall national and global economy. This section briefly summarizes recent and anticipated economic conditions.

As 2014 drew to a close, growth of U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) was expected to match the previous year’s 2.2% rate. The U.S. economy should see continued forward progress in 2015 in both the public and private sectors. Even housing and construc-tion, which came in below expectations in 2014, should move to higher levels in 2015. GDP growth is expected to accelerate to 2.9% in 2015. The faster pace of economic growth will support continued job gains across most sectors of the economy, pushing the unemployment rate down to the natural rate of unemployment (i.e. full-employ-ment) of roughly 5.5%. It should also be a year of stronger wage gains as the labor market tightens. Job gains and higher wages will support increases in consumer spending, which should reach near-trend growth of 2.7% in inflation-adjusted terms in 2015. Meanwhile, inflation itself, which has been tame over the past few years is likely to stay in check going forward. Business investment spending has grown consistently over the past five years, driven largely by spending on equipment, structures and intellectual property. Looking ahead to 2015, investment overall is expected to grow by 6.3% after a projected 5.8% gain in 2014.

Here, new ideas are constantly given form and brought to life by creative people. Otis College of Art and Design, a critical component of the creative economy, commissioned the analysis in this report to put real numbers to the business of creativity. Otis and the LAEDC carried out this research because in the Los Angeles region, creativity is fundamental to economic growth and prosperity.


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California matched or exceeded the nation in terms of economic growth over most of the recovery period, enabling it to add jobs at a faster pace and recover from a more severe hit during the recession. With improvements across much of the state, California will outpace the nation’s growth over the next five years, both in terms of real gross product, and wage and salary job growth. This will drive the state’s unemployment rate down to long-run normal levels. Personal income, which has improved during the last several years, will grow more quickly going forward. While modest steady growth is expected for the nation and California over the next year, there are risks to the forecast, primarily from elsewhere in the world. The nation’s major trading partners across the Atlantic and the Pacific have struggled to ignite sustained growth within their economies. One could argue that policy missteps or omissions are to blame, but political developments in Ukraine, the Middle East, and elsewhere around the globe have increased both political and economic uncer-tainty, never friends of economic growth. The global economy always faces risks associated with disruptions to the supply of energy, but these risks are low at this time. Energy price spikes pose less of a direct threat to the U.S. economy because of increases in domestic energy production. Even the indirect threat is reduced at this time because of the cooling effect on global energy prices of current economic weakness among U.S. trading partners.

ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION OF THE CREATIVE INDUSTRIES EMPLOYMENT A total of 355,600 wage and salary workers in Los Angeles County were employed directly in the creative industries in 2013. By sector, the largest employment counts were in entertainment (132,700 jobs), fashion (89,900 jobs), and publishing and printing (30,700 jobs). Although the entertainment industry employed the greatest number of workers by far – about 37% of total employment, the creative economy of Los Angeles is diverse with jobs distributed among a variety of industry sectors.

The creative economy’s 355,600 wage and salary workers were equiva-lent to nine percent of all 4.1 million wage and salary workers in Los Angeles County during 2013.


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While 355,600 may sound like an impressive number of jobs, direct employment is only part of the story. Direct employees are those who actually work in the creative industries of the Los Angeles region. Indirect jobs are created when firms in these industries make purchases from their suppliers and vendors. Additional induced jobs are generated when the direct and indirect employees spend their wages on consum-er goods and services. In that sense, every job in the creative sector supports or sustains other jobs in the region. Direct, indirect, and induced employment in the creative industries of Los Angeles County totaled approximately 612,400 jobs in 2013. The ripple effect is substantial, giving rise to job gains and increases in incomes in a wide range of industries across the local economy. In Orange County, the creative industries employed 51,300 direct workers in 2013. In contrast to Los Angeles County, the largest employment sector was publishing and printing with 12,400 jobs, followed by fashion with 11,000 jobs. Direct, indirect and induced employment in the creative industries located in Orange County totaled an estimated 82,700 jobs.

TABLE 1: Employment Impact of the Creative Industries, 2013

IN LOS ANGELES COUNTY: 355,600 IN LOS ANGELES COUNTY: 612,400

DIRECT JOBS TOTAL JOBS

IN ORANGE COUNTY: 51,300 IN ORANGE COUNTY: 82,700

In Los Angeles County, total creative industries employ-ment (direct, indirect, and induced) account-ed for 1 in seven wage and salary jobs in the county (or 15% of wage and salary employment) in 2013.

LABOR INCOME Total direct labor income in the creative industries of Los Angeles County amounted to $30.4 billion in 2013. Creative industries labor income in Orange County totaled $3.1 billion. The distribution of labor income across the creative economy provides a sense of how individual creative industries compare in size and economic contribution.


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45%

21.5%

20.8%

18.2%

12.8%

9.8%

8.8%

2.8%

1.9%1.4% 1.2%

17.7%

12%

7%

6.3%

4.1%2.6%

2.9%1.8% 0.4%

LOS ANGELES COUNTY

$30.4 Billion

ORANGE COUNTY

$3.1 Billion

21.5% Printing & Publishing

20.8% Digital Media

18.2% Fashion

12.8% Architecture/Interior Design

9.8% Furniture & Decorative Arts

8.8% Communication Arts

2.8% Visual & Performing Arts

1.9% Entertainment

1.4% Product/Industrial Design

1.2% Toys

21.5% Printing & Publishing

20.8% Digital Media

18.2% Fashion





1.9% Entertainment

1.4% Product/Industrial Design

1.2% Toys

DIRECT LABOR INCOME OF THE CREATIVE INDUSTRIES IN 2013

Source: California EDD, QCEW Data

45% Entertainment


12% Fashion

7% Printing & Publishing



2.9% Digital Media


1.8% Toys

0.4% Fine and Performing Arts Schools

45% Entertainment


12% Fashion

7% Printing & Publishing



2.9% Digital Media


1.8% Toys

0.4% Fine and Performing Arts Schools

At $13.7 billion, the entertainment sector contributed the largest share (45.0%) to total creative industry payrolls in Los Angeles County. Visual and performing arts were a distant second at 17.7% ($5.4 billion), followed by fashion at 12.0% ($3.6 billion).

In Orange County, total payroll was distributed across a broader range of industries. Publishing and printing generated the largest share — 21.5% ($669 million), while the next largest went to digital media with 20.8% ($647 million).

Labor income earned by individuals directly employed in the creative industries of the Los Angeles region in 2013 was approximately $33.5 billion, but the total combined effect of adding direct and induced workers brought that figure up to $48.8 billion.

See the Industry Snapshots section of this report for the direct, indirect and induced labor income effects of individual industry sectors.

Source: California EDD, QCEW data


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TAX EFFECTS Activity in the creative sectors triggers jobs and spending, but it also results in tax revenues for state and local government. As with jobs, there is a ripple effect with tax revenues because the initial direct effects give rise to indirect and induced effects. The LAEDC calculated tax effects attributable directly and indirectly to the creative industries, including property tax, state and local income tax, and sales tax revenues.

In Los Angeles County, property taxes, state and local personal income, and sales taxes generated directly and indirectly by creative industries were nearly $5.1 billion in 2013. By sector, entertainment generated tax revenues of $1.7 billion, followed by fashion at $1.6 billion, and furniture and home furnishings at $453.5 million.

Property, state and local personal income and sales tax revenues associated directly and indirectly with the creative industries based in Orange County were estimated to be $631.7 million in 2013.

SUMMARY ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION

Table 2 summarizes the total economic contribution of the creative industries in 2013. The creative industries of Los Angeles and Orange counties generated $139.8 billion in direct, indirect, and induced output. They employed 695,100 workers whose earned income was $48.8 billion. The nonemployer establishments are excluded from the contribution analysis (direct, indirect and induced) in part because they are from a different year, and also to avoid double counting (an individual may do both contract work and be on a company payroll). However this figure shows that signifi-cant numbers of workers are employed as free-lance/contingent workers over and above the wage and salary jobs that are a part of the formal contribution analysis.

Direct, indirect and induced workers paid nearly $5.7 billion in taxes to California state and local governments. Of the $139.8 billion in total creative industries output, $82.6 billion was value-added (labor income and profits) generated by the creative industries in excess of materials and services purchases. This net economic contribution of $82.6 billion was equivalent to 10.6% of the region’s gross product of almost $776 billion in 2013.


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Within the creative sector, manufacturing’s share of direct employment in the Los Angeles region is declining, from 41.2% in 2002 to 26.4% in 2013. Consequently, the share of services employment: design, retail, and wholesale has been on the rise. Service sector jobs are much harder to outsource, particularly design work.

TABLE 2: Economic Contribution of the Creative Industries, 2013

LABOR INCOME: $33.5 Billion

LABOR INCOME: $48.8 Billion

TAXES: $5.7 Billion

JOBS: 406,900 DIRECT & INDIRECT JOBS: 695,100

DIRECT IMPACT TOTAL IMPACT

NONEMPLOYER ESTABLISHMENTS 2012: 161,200

OUTPUT: $139.8 Billion

EMPLOYMENT TRENDS Direct employment in the creative industries of the Los Angeles region peaked in 2006, contracted sharply during the recession and continued to fall during the early years of the recovery. Five years have elapsed since the end of the recession, but employment in the creative industries has yet to fully recover. This pattern has not been confined to the creative industries, but is also true of total payroll employment in the region. The five-year comparisons (2008-2013), which are the focus of this report, encompass the full employment effects of the recession that occurred from 2008 to 2010. However, the creative industries took a bigger hit relative to the economy as a whole. Between 2008 and 2013, the Los Angeles region suffered a loss of 48,000 jobs in the creative industries, a decline of 10.5%. By comparison, the total number of nonfarm jobs across all industries in the region fell by just 1.9% during that same period.

Although the recession accounted for many of the job losses over the last five years, the larger decline in creative industries employment relative to the overall economy can be explained in large part by the disproportionate share of manufacturing jobs that are included in the creative economy. In 2013, manufacturing jobs were 9.4% of total nonfarm employment in the Los Angeles-Orange County region. Between 2008 and 2013, job counts in the overall manufacturing sector declined by 13.8%. In contrast, manufacturing jobs in the creative industries comprised 28.7% of creative sector employment. The decline in creative sector manufacturing jobs over that


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same five year period was 21.3%. The greater decline in creative sector manufactur-ing stems from the fact that production jobs in apparel and furniture manufacturing continue to be outsourced to lower-cost countries. In the case of publishing and printing, technological change is driving job losses.

Some of these manufacturing jobs may return as the economy reverts to full employment, but there are other factors in addition to outsourcing that have contrib-uted to manufacturing job declines. Over the past three decades, technological change and increased worker productivity have played a significant role. As a result, manufacturing is not dead in the Los Angeles region (or the United States), but by virtue of advanced technologies and greater efficiencies, manufacturers have been able to expand output using fewer workers.

Within the creative sector, manufacturing’s share of direct employment in the Los Angeles region is declining. In 2002, manufacturing’s share of creative industry employment was 41.2%. By 2008, that share had dropped to 32.7% and by 2013, it had fallen to 26.4%. Consequently, the share of services employment: design, retail, and wholesale, has been on the rise. Service sector jobs are much harder to outsource, particularly design work. Many U.S. firms choose to maintain domestic design and/or research and development facilities in the U.S. precisely because these are high value-added activities, less easily replicated elsewhere.

While there was a decline in total creative industry jobs between 2008 and 2013, employment for most creative sectors bottomed out in 2010 and has since been on the mend. A few sectors weathered the recession relatively well and added to payrolls between 2008 and 2013. The visual and performing arts in Los Angeles County increased payroll employment by 2,000 jobs (7.6%). Digital media, and fine and performing arts schools also posted small gains during this period. In Orange County, employment was up in digital media by 1,000 jobs, a gain of 23.9%, and fine and performing art schools added 200 jobs, an increase of 19.6%. Turning to more recent trends, creative industry employment in Los Angeles County increased by 1.7% or 6,000 jobs from 2012 to 2013. This is consistent with total employment growth in Los Angeles in 2013. In Orange County, however, after increasing by 2.5% in 2012, creative industries employment fell by 0.9% in 2013. This contrasted with relatively strong overall employment growth of 2.5% in Orange County. The largest component of the creative economy in Los Angeles is the entertainment industry. In 2013, there were 132,700 entertainment-related jobs in Los Angeles County, down from 143,100 in 2008. Motion picture and video production experienced the largest number of jobs lost during the period 2008 to 2013, decreasing by


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8,600 jobs or 7.8%. Motion picture and video production has consistently accounted for three-quarters of total employment in the entertainment industry in Los Angeles County over the course of this report series. Job losses occurred throughout the entertainment industry with the exception of radio stations, where growth was flat, and television broadcasting which increased by 2,200 jobs or by 23.7%. Looking at more recent trends from 2012 to 2013, total entertainment employment was down by 0.2%, but motion picture and video production jobs were up by 1.2% (1,250 jobs). More substantial job gains over the coming years may be realized from the expan-sion of the California Film Tax Credit. Between 2008 and 2013, total creative industries employment in Orange County fell by 16.9% or 10,400 jobs. Furniture and the decorative arts gave up 4,300 jobs (-39.4%); publishing and printing payrolls contracted by 2,700 jobs (-17.7%); and fashion employment declined by 1,700 jobs (-13.1%). Within the publishing and printing sector, however, internet publishing added 600 jobs over this period, an increase of 49.7%.

On a more positive note, a number of sectors posted gains, some of them quite strong over the year (2013 vs. 2012): art galleries, communication arts, digital media, fashion, product and industrial design, publishing and printing, toys, and fine and performing arts schools.

2013

2012

JOBS

406,900

JOBS

401,300

JOB TRENDS IN THE CREATIVE INDUSTRIES LOS ANGELES REGION, 2012–2013

Source: California EDD, QCEW Data

Architecture & Interior Design

Art Galleries

Communication Arts

Digital Media

Entertainment

Fashion

Furniture & Decorative Arts

Product/Industrial Design

Toys

Visual & Performing Arts

Performing Arts Schools


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COUNTING THE SELF-EMPLOYED A large and growing number of creative people are self-employed. Although their contribution to the creative economy is significant, their activities are not captured in the federal and state employment data used to develop most of the job numbers in this report. The government does collect data separately on people who are classified as “nonemployer firms”. These are firms consisting of one person with revenues but no additional employees. The latest nonemployer data come from the IRS for tax year 2012. It is important to note that some individuals may work on the payroll for an employer and be self-employed as well.

In 2012, there were 137,222 nonemployer firms in the creative industries in Los Angeles County and 23,973 in Orange County. Similar to the trends in payroll employment, the number of self-employed individuals fell during 2008 and 2009, but turned around in 2010. However, unlike payroll employment, there were more nonem-ployer firms in 2012 than there were five years earlier in 2007. Nonemployer firms grew by 10.1% (12,592 firms) between 2007 and 2012 in Los Angeles County and by 9.0% (1,972 firms) in Orange County. The growth of creative nonemployer firms during this period mirrored the increase in self-employed individuals across all industries: 9.0% in Los Angeles County and 7.1% in Orange County. In contrast, total wage and salary employment fell by 5.2% and 6.8% in Los Angeles and Orange counties respectively. Visual and performing arts providers made up the largest sector of nonemployer firms, particularly the subset of independent artists, writers and performers. Many of these people are involved in the entertainment industry as actors, screen writers, set designers and other specialty occupations. A large number of independents also appear in the communication arts sector as free-lance graphic artists, or in commercial or portrait photography. Revenues and receipts of creative nonemployer firms in Los Angeles County were $6.5 billion in 2012, with 40.4% of that total generated by independent artists, writers and performers. Revenues in 2012 were up by 9.3% compared with 2007. In contrast, nonemployer total revenues in Orange County fell by 4.8% from 2007 to $937.4 million in 2012. In spite of the increase in the number of firms between 2007 and 2012,


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a number of nonemployer sectors in both Los Angeles County and Orange County saw significant declines in revenue. Notable in both counties was the drop in revenues for architecture and interior design, and furniture and the decorative arts, reflecting the housing downturn and slow recovery during that five year period. These two sectors also experienced flat or declining employment. The concentration of these single-person firms varies a great deal across different sectors of the creative economy. In the visual and performing arts, there were nearly 2.7 self-employed persons in Los Angeles County for every salaried worker. In Orange County, the ratio was even higher at 3.4 to one. The communication arts also have a high number of self-employed workers relative to salaried employees. In 2012, there were 1.3 self-employed persons in Los Angeles County for every salaried employee, while in Orange County, there were two single-person firms for each salaried worker in the communication arts. Growth rates of creative non-employer firms versus payroll employment also differ markedly by industry sector. The fact that nonemployer firm growth continues to outpace regular employment growth points to the increasing importance of self-employed individuals to the creative economy. One reason is that many jobs lost during the recession did not return during the recovery. This prompted a number of laid-off workers to start their own businesses as independent contractors. This is in part a cyclical effect that may gradually reverse itself now that job creation is proceeding at a healthier rate. There is also a structural component affecting the growth of nonemployer firms in the creative industries. Competitive pressures stemming from globalization continue to exert enormous pressure on firms to cut costs. This has led to companies seeking efficiencies by using more part-time labor, more temporary labor, and outsourcing non-core tasks to independent contractors. Technological innovation has also played a role by enabling individuals to increase their productivity in ways that were not possible just a few years ago. This has allowed more creative people to strike out on their own as a matter of preference.


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Industry Sector Los Angeles County Column1 Orange County Column2Employees 2007-2012

Nonemployers 2007-2012

Employees 2007-2012

Nonemployers 2007-2012

Architecture & Interior Design -30.9% -1.0% -30.5% 2.9%Art Galleries -32.7% -5.3% -61.2% -8.9%Communication Arts -3.4% 13.0% -21.8% 16.4%Digital Media -19.3% --- 57.0% ---Entertainment -6.6% 10.2% -9.0% 20.8%Fashion -12.5% 0.1% -22.3% 3.9%Furniture & Decorative Arts -32.2% -13.5% -30.4% -9.0%Product/Industrial Design -42.4% --- -44.1% ---Publishing and Printing -22.1% -3.2% -20.1% -10.2%Toys -27.9% 3.1% -26.3% -50.7%Visual & Performing Arts Providers 5.5% 12.7% -0.4% 8.4%

Total Employment Growth: -12.7% 10.1% -18.4% 9.0%Note: Nonemployer data are not available for Digital Media and Product & Industrial DesignSource: California EDD QCEW data; Bureau of the Census Nonemployer Statistics

TABLE 4: Comparative Growth Rates of Salaried Employees to Self-Employed Individuals, 2012

Source: California EDD QCEW data; Bureau of the Census Nonemployer Statistics

Note: Nonemployer data are not available for Digital Media and Product & Industrial Design

Industry Sector Los Angeles County Column1 Column2 Orange County Column3 Column4

Nonemployers Employees

Nonemploymer to Employee

Ratio Nonemployers Employees

Nonemploymer to Employee

RatioArchitecture & Interior Design 4,748 10,100 0.47 1,713 5,500 0.31Art Galleries 655 800 0.82 205 100 2.05Communication Arts 26,166 19,700 1.33 8,226 4,100 2.01Digital Media --- 5,500 --- --- 5,100 ---Entertainment 19,443 132,900 0.15 1,531 2,400 0.64Fashion 6,660 86,900 0.08 1,408 10,700 0.13Furniture & Decorative Arts 1,637 27,300 0.06 498 7,500 0.07Product/Industrial Design --- 400 --- --- 300 ---Publishing & Printing 4,299 30,800 0.14 1,424 12,200 0.12Toys 402 4,500 0.09 115 500 0.23Visual & Performing Arts Providers 73,212 27,400 2.67 8,853 2,600 3.41Source: California EDD QCEW data; Bureau of the Census Nonemployer StatisticsNote: Nonemployer data are not available for Digital Media and Product and Industrial Design

TABLE 3: Ratio of Self-employed Individuals to Salaried Employees by Sector, 2012




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Creative Industry NAICSCode 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Architecture and Interior Design: 4,794 4,500 4,311 4,525 4,666 4,748 1,664 1,580 1,601 1,660 1,677 1,713Architectural Services 54131 2,724 2,512 2,480 2,630 2,736 2,735 893 847 877 940 934 935Drafting Serivices 54134 1,123 1,054 892 874 873 912 417 379 358 365 369 375Landscape Design 54132 947 934 939 1,021 1,057 1,101 354 354 366 355 374 403Art Galleries 45392 692 635 623 627 628 655 225 207 208 209 196 205Communication Arts: 23,165 22,849 23,071 24,161 25,191 26,166 7,066 7,090 7,214 7,718 7,916 8,226Specialized Design Services 5414 11,598 11,237 11,262 11,623 12,171 12,484 3,559 3,503 3,475 3,652 3,647 3,773Advertising Agencies 5418 6,286 6,362 6,590 7,040 7,232 7,743 2,205 2,241 2,339 2,542 2,619 2,701Photography Studios 541921 5,281 5,250 5,219 5,498 5,788 5,939 1,302 1,346 1,400 1,524 1,650 1,752Entertainment: 17,640 17,781 17,240 17,852 18,669 19,443 1,267 1,293 1,290 1,027 1,365 1,531Motion Picture/Video Production 5121 14,109 14,221 13,744 14,306 14,992 15,601 855 865 841 587 923 1,046Sound Recording 5122 2,512 2,548 2,504 2,557 2,676 2,841 223 230 252 243 241 253Broadcasting (except Internet) 515 1,019 1,012 992 989 1,001 1,001 189 198 197 197 201 232Fashion: 6,653 6,251 6,220 6,365 6,493 6,660 1,355 1,272 1,326 1,301 1,387 1,408Textile Mills Manufacturing 313 103 101 92 106 109 138 24 22 17 24 22 22Apparel Manufacturing 315 2,167 2,039 2,025 2,022 2,041 2,161 442 416 443 443 469 471Apparel Wholesaling 4243 2,645 2,424 2,460 2,559 2,588 2,620 590 568 555 521 581 574Footwear Manufacturing 3162 56 53 50 51 45 57 9 na 5 3 6 10Other Leather and Allied Prods Mfg 31699 123 122 106 110 105 106 20 15 17 13 19 26Jewelry Wholesaling 42394 1,559 1,512 1,487 1,517 1,605 1,578 270 251 289 297 290 305Furniture and Decorative Arts: 1,893 1,665 1,598 1,594 1,602 1,637 547 489 515 493 479 498Textile Product Mills 314 153 142 127 124 119 144 29 29 26 28 32 36Furniture Manufacturing 337 766 707 690 700 700 673 183 160 164 171 154 162Furniture Wholesaling 4232 793 646 624 608 616 649 283 253 274 243 228 238Pressed & Blown Glass & Glassware Mfg. 32721 102 90 90 94 99 97 26 23 25 23 33 35Other Misc. Nonmetallic Mineral Product Mfg. 3279 79 80 67 68 68 74 26 24 26 28 32 27Toys: 390 380 379 355 398 402 122 117 117 107 113 115Toy Wholesaling 42392 390 380 379 355 398 402 122 117 117 107 113 115Visual and Performing Arts Providers: 64,962 64,880 64,140 67,378 70,714 73,212 8,170 8,054 7,911 8,185 8,527 8,853Performing Arts Cos. 7111 3,331 3,380 3,517 3,729 3,827 4,174 521 528 576 611 598 622Agents & Managers of Artists, etc. 71141 3,940 3,935 3,950 4,231 4,530 4,719 460 459 432 470 488 515Independent Artists, Writers, etc. 71151 57,400 57,303 56,455 59,220 62,138 64,108 7,154 7,029 6,866 7,071 7,394 7,656Museums 7121 291 262 218 198 219 211 35 38 37 33 47 60Publishing and Printing: 4,441 4,190 4,107 4,111 4,131 4,299 1,585 1,489 1,478 1,481 1,495 1,424Printing & Related Support Activities 3231 1,498 1,363 1,410 1,394 1,379 1,401 630 578 594 605 577 559Book, Periodical, Newspaper Wholesalers 42492 258 232 243 239 232 227 99 92 83 72 70 75Publishing Industries (Except Internet) 511 2,685 2,595 2,454 2,478 2,520 2,671 856 819 801 804 848 790


23,973

Los Angeles County Orange County

137,222121,689 22,001 21,66021,591126,968 22,181

Source: Bureau of the Census, Nonemployer Statistics.

Total Nonemployer Firms: 124,630 123,131 23,155132,492

TABLE 5: Number of Nonemployer Firms for the Creative Industries, 2007-2012

Source: Bureau of the Census Nonemployer Statistics Note: Nonemployer data are not available for Digital Media and Product & Industrial Design


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TABLE 6: Revenues of Nonemployer Firms of the Creative Industries, 2007 – 2012 VALUE OF SHIPMENTS, SALES, OR RECEIPTS ($MILLIONS)

Source: Bureau of the Census Nonemployer Statistics Note: Nonemployer data are not available for Digital Media and Product & Industrial Design

Creative Industry NAICSCode 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Architecture and Interior Design: $256.5 $224.9 $179.0 $186.6 $186.1 $201.0 $101.7 $84.6 $66.5 $77.0 $80.8 $81.6Architectural Services 54131 178.9 153.1 126.0 131.1 127.9 136.8 68.0 54.9 43.5 52.2 57.2 55.2Drafting Services 541340 33.6 30.6 21.4 21.4 22.5 25.6 12.4 10.3 7.2 8.4 8.4 8.5Landscape Design 54132 44.0 41.2 31.6 34.1 35.7 38.5 21.3 19.4 15.7 16.4 15.2 17.8Art Galleries 45392 67.3 50.6 38.7 42.0 43.4 45.5 17.3 13.9 13.9 11.6 14.9 13.5Communication Arts: 1088.4 1068.7 943.6 1035.8 1092.9 1159.9 359.4 329.7 292.8 322.6 338.7 351.4Specialized Design Services 5414 507.8 484.3 417.3 460.1 489.1 517.4 184.5 160.7 133.8 140.5 148.9 153.0Advertising Agencies 5418 371.9 384.5 354.6 388.8 409.6 437.8 136.3 132.5 123.4 144.1 147.4 151.4Photography Studios 541921 208.7 199.9 171.6 186.9 194.1 204.7 38.6 36.4 35.6 37.9 42.3 47.0Entertainment: 847.4 873.4 805.1 825.2 884.0 943.3 53.7 50.2 47.5 51.4 57.2 59.2Motion Picture/Video Production 5121 685.4 703.4 659.5 677.1 726.2 778.1 36.9 35.8 35.3 34.4 39.8 41.6Sound Recording 5122 112.1 123.1 103.7 104.5 113.2 119.7 9.7 7.2 5.9 6.9 7.4 8.0Broadcasting (except Internet) 515 49.9 46.8 41.9 43.6 44.5 45.5 7.1 7.2 6.2 10.2 10.1 9.6Fashion: 695.5 686.4 618.8 658.5 706.5 690.0 112.1 99.2 89.7 93.7 112.9 109.0Textile Mills Manufacturing 313 2.6 3.0 3.3 3.1 4.7 7.1 .5 .5 .4 .8 1.5 .5Apparel Manufacturing 315 131.6 125.7 110.8 118.7 117.2 116.8 25.4 20.4 21.0 23.5 27.2 25.6Apparel Wholesaling 4243 316.5 314.5 293.3 324.2 348.3 345.0 60.2 56.1 50.0 46.2 59.5 54.7Footwear Manufacturing 3162 2.8 2.9 3.3 3.2 2.4 2.1 .3 n/d .1 .1 .3 .5Other Leather and Allied Prods Mfg 31699 7.4 6.4 5.3 6.0 8.0 6.3 1.5 .9 .5 .8 .8 .4Jewelry Wholesaling 42394 234.6 233.9 202.8 203.4 226.0 212.8 24.3 21.3 17.6 22.4 23.6 27.4Furniture and Decorative Arts 151.1 125.1 112.6 108.2 120.0 122.7 52.4 43.9 39.9 37.7 40.9 40.0Textile Product Mills 314 10.0 9.1 11.7 11.7 9.1 8.9 1.6 .9 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.2Furniture Manufacturing 337 55.1 47.3 44.0 41.3 48.5 44.3 13.7 11.1 11.1 11.3 9.2 10.0Furniture Wholesaling 4232 75.5 58.9 51.3 46.2 52.0 58.3 31.8 27.8 24.6 22.6 26.2 23.9Pressed & Blown Glass & Glassware Mfg. 327212 4.0 4.6 2.5 4.5 5.7 5.8 2.4 2.3 .8 .8 1.5 2.5Other Misc. Nonmetallic Mineral Product Mfg. 327999 6.4 5.1 3.0 4.4 4.7 5.4 2.9 1.8 2.0 1.9 2.5 2.4Toys: 36.8 33.9 32.0 34.5 36.1 29.7 9.5 6.9 7.3 8.5 11.5 13.1Toy Wholesaling 42392 36.8 33.9 32.0 34.5 36.1 29.7 9.5 6.9 7.3 8.5 11.5 13.1Visual and Performing Arts Providers: 2609.1 2657.5 2569.6 2672.3 2890.2 3144.7 195.3 181.7 166.0 178.6 190.0 194.6Performing Arts Cos. 7111 181.1 194.6 181.3 196.4 191.4 213.8 23.6 14.1 13.6 15.1 15.7 17.3Agents & Managers of Artists, etc. 71141 236.0 234.4 224.7 235.6 264.5 279.6 17.3 16.0 16.4 18.4 17.8 18.0Independent Artists, Writers, etc. 71151 2185.4 2222.6 2158.8 2236.4 2429.6 2645.5 153.7 150.9 135.0 143.4 154.7 157.5Museums 7121 6.5 5.8 4.8 3.9 4.7 5.8 .7 .7 1.0 1.7 1.7 1.7Publishing and Printing: 236.5 216.1 195.2 206.4 202.1 208.4 83.3 79.2 70.3 76.5 77.6 75.0Printing & Related Support Activities 3231 87.7 78.7 74.6 81.0 77.6 83.8 41.9 38.8 36.8 41.6 43.2 41.9Book, Periodical, Newspaper Wholesalers 42492 16.4 15.7 14.9 14.7 14.1 15.3 5.1 4.4 3.1 3.5 3.9 3.2Publishing Industries (Except Internet) 511 132.3 121.7 105.7 110.7 110.4 109.3 36.3 36.0 30.4 31.4 30.5 29.9

Total Shipments, Sales or Receipts: $5,988.5 $5,936.5 $937.4$6,545.3

Los Angeles County Orange County

$857.7$793.8 $924.6

Source: Bureau of the Census, Nonemployer Statistics.

$889.2$5,769.6 $984.7$5,494.5


$6,161.2


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OCCUPATIONS IN THE CREATIVE ECONOMYEMPLOYMENT There are two ways to think about creative employment: individuals who work in a creative industry or individuals working in creative occupations. Up to this point, this report has concentrated on the creative industries. These are the firms (commer-cial and nonprofit) that produce and distribute cultural, consumer and commercial goods and services. This section turns from industry analysis to the study of occupations. Many of these creative occupations may be found within the set of creative industries, but they are also present in significant numbers in the broader set of industries outside the creative sector. Data on occupations from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics makes it possible to identify and measure creative occupations within the creative industries and in the rest of the economy. It can also shed light on the extent to which creative industries employ people in functions outside of creative occupa-tions.3 Occupational data include both payroll employment and nonemployer firms. Unlike industry-based definitions of the creative economy, there is greater consen-sus among researchers regarding creative occupations. The occupational data used in this report are based on the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. Of the 840 detailed occupational codes listed in the SOC system, 746 were included in the data set for the Los Angeles region, and of those, 80 have been identified as “creative”. These 80 creative occupations can be found across a wide array of organizational functions. For example, within the management strata, creative occupations include advertising, marketing and public relations managers. In technical fields, there are software developers and architects, and in production-related occupations, there are tailors, cabinet makers and engravers. It is easy to imagine that a market-ing manager could be working in any number of industries, creative or otherwise, as could a graphic designer. This illustrates the fact that creative occupations may often be found outside the creative sectors of the economy. In 2013, there were 198,110 workers in Los Angeles County employed in creative occupations and 47,650 in Orange County. This represents 5.6% of total private occupation-based employment in Los Angeles County and 3.7% in Orange County. In contrast to employment trends by industry, creative employment measured by occupation increased across the region between 2008 and 2013. In Los Angeles

3“Employees” are all part-time and full-time workers who are paid a wage or salary. The survey does not cover the self-employed, owners and partners in unincorporated firms, household workers, or unpaid family workers.


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County, job counts rose by 16.2% (27,590 jobs) over that period and by 19.1% (7,630 jobs) in Orange County. In both counties, a large number of individuals employed in creative occupations worked in art, design, entertainment or media: 58% in Los Angeles County and 32% in Orange County. Across both counties, a large number of creative individuals were also employed in computer and mathematical occupations (45,120). Many of these workers spend their days creating animated characters for film and TV, and designing video games (although, given the current occupational classification system, it is still very difficult to isolate total game design employment). The next largest group of creative workers was found in education, training, and library occupations (17,170). Unfortunately, arts, cultural and creative activity at the Los Angeles region’s colleges and universities is difficult to fully measure since employment data for campus museums, theaters and literary publications is not disaggregated.

That numerous creative occupations may be found across so many industries sug-gests the potential for large spillover effects from creative industries and occupations to other industries within the regional economy. It also implies that it is in the region’s economic interest to maintain, nurture and grow its deep pool of creative talent.

SOURCE: California EDD, SOC Data

0

50

100

150

200

250

300


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HOW MUCH DO CREATIVE WORKERS EARN? Creativity is a highly valued and recognized professional attribute. Along with the ability to collaborate with co-workers and to communicate effectively, creativity is one of the most sought-after qualities in a prospective employee. The salaries received by many creative individuals working in the Los Angeles region’s creative industries bear this out.

In Los Angeles County in 2013, the creative occupation receiving the highest annual median annual wage was advertising and promotion managers at $133,320. The lowest was $21,660 for motion picture projectionists, which is an occupation likely to employ mostly part-time workers. In Orange County, the difference between the highest and lowest paying occupations was similar: $135,160 for marketing managers and $18,720 for motion picture projectionists.

The median4 wage across all occupations in Los Angeles County was $37,810 in 2013. Out of the 80 creative occupations analyzed in this report, only 14 had a median annual wage less than the county-wide median. In Orange County, the median wage across all occupations was $38,880 with just 16 creative occupations falling below that threshold.

The occupations in the charts and tables below were selected because they align closely with the creative industries. Between 2012 and 2013, there was a great deal of variation in the median annual wage, with just over half of the selected oc-cupations posting an increase in annual wage versus a decline. Overall, the median annual wage across all occupations barely moved in 2013 compared with the previous year: up by 0.2% in Los Angeles County and by 0.1% in Orange County.

Individuals employed in creative occupations are heavily concentrated in the Los Angeles region. The chart on the previous page shows Los Angeles and Orange County employment as a percentage of total California employment in the three largest creative occupational groups. In total, 32.7% of persons working in creative occupations in California are located in Los Angeles County and 7.9% are in Orange County. (Table 31 in the appendix for shares by occupation and Table 32 for a comparison of median wages by occupation).

4Although median and mean (or average) are both measures of a “typical” value for a data set, the median wage is used in this section to represent what a typical worker in a given occupation earned in 2013. The median is calculated by arranging the data from lowest to highest - the middle number is the median. If a dataset is evenly distributed, the median will be very close to the mean, but when data is skewed, meaning there are exception-ally high or low numbers, the mean can differ from the median by a wide margin. For example, agents and business managers of artists and performers in Los Angeles County have a mean annual wage of $131,540, but a median annual wage of $89,750 – a difference of nearly $42,000. This implies there are individuals employed in this occupation earning an exceptionally high annual wage. These individuals skew the mean wage significantly higher than the median, giving an inaccurate impression of what most people can expect to earn in this occupation.


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There are several reasons why many of the creative occupations listed below might have suffered a decline in wages. The first is a shift from wage and salary employ-ment to independent contractors (nonemployers). Some of these occupations may also be concentrated in industries that are declining or are in the process of trans-forming through technological change. Another possibility that reflects trends in the labor markets at large, is that more people in creative occupations may be working part time, which would cause a decline in the annual wage.

$95,810$98,700$102,860

$86,070

$84,290

$73,050

$73,060

$66,010

$65,440

$60,260

$52,810

$55,660

$52,670

$48,940

$52,440

$31,190

$85,800

$77,870

$99,050

$81,380

$72,290

$70,320

$65,390

$56,760

$58,600

Commercial & Industrial Designers

Fabric & Apparel Patternmakers

Graphic Designers

Film & Video Editors


Graphic Designers

Fashion Designers

Fashion Designers

Sound Engineering Technicians

Writers & Authors

Multimedia Artists & Animators

Commercial & Industrial Designers

Writers & Authors

Producers & Directors

Architects

Software Developers, Applications

Interior Designers

Interior Designers

Art, Drama & Music Teachers


Architects



Software Developers, Applications


Los Angeles County Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics

Selected Annual Median Wage for Creative Occupations, 2013

Orange County Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics

Notes: Salary data for art, drama and music teachers not available for Orange County


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TABLE 7: Employment and Earnings for Selected Creative Occupations, 2012 vs. 2013



17 www.otis.edu/econreport 2014 Otis Report on the Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region

TABLE 7: EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS FOR SELECTED CREATIVE OCCUPATIONS, 2012 VS. 2013 Los Angeles County Employment Median Annual Wage Occupation 2012 2013 #Change 2012 2013 %Change Architects 3,050 3,270 220 $82,890 $81,380 -1.8%

Art, Drama & Music Teachers 4,620 3,670 -950 $76,920 $70,320 -8.9% Commercial & Industrial Designers

1,290 1,430 140 $48,480 $52,810 8.9%

Fabric & Apparel Patternmakers 1,930 1,730 -200 $46,100 $52,670 14.3%

Fashion Designers 3,200 3,920 720 $64,980 $65,440 0.7%

Film & Video Editors 4,760 6,840 2,080 $92,610 $85,800 -7.4%

Graphic Designers 9,260 9,530 270 $54,190 $52,440 -3.2%

Interior Designers 1,820 1,820 0 $59,840 $56,760 -5.1%

Multimedia Artists & Animators 5,730 6,660 930 $81,120 $84,290 3.9%

Producers & Directors 19,570 20,540 970 $115,530 $102,860 -11.0%

Software Developers 15,670 15,660 -10 $92,150 $98,700 7.1%

Sound Engineering Technicians 2,470 2,650 180 $68,900 $73,060 6.0%

Writers & Authors 4,160 4,660 500 $92,260 $95,810 3.8%

Orange County Employment Median Annual Wage Occupation 2012 2013 #Change 2012 2013 %Change Architects 1,310 1,220 -90 $77,660 $86,070 10.8%

Art, Drama & Music Teachers 970 Na Na Na Na Na Commercial & Industrial Designers 350 450 100 $69,450 $73,050 5.2%

Fabric & Apparel Patternmakers 130 120 -10 $46,660 $55,660 19.3%

Fashion Designers 570 560 -10 $53,830 $60,260 11.9%

Film & Video Editors 150 200 50 $33,360 $31,190 -6.5%

Graphic Designers 2,760 2,980 220 $48,940 $48,940 0.0%

Interior Designers 930 900 -30 $64,840 $58,600 -9.6%

Multimedia Artists & Animators 260 380 120 $67,650 $72,290 6.9%




1,290 1,430 140 $48,480 $52,810 8.9%










Writers & Authors 4,160 4,660 500 $92,260 $95,810 3.8%








Multimedia Artists & Animators 260 380 120 $67,650 $72,290 6.9% 17 www.otis.edu/econreport 2014 Otis Report on the Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region



1,290 1,430 140 $48,480 $52,810 8.9%










Writers & Authors 4,160 4,660 500 $92,260 $95,810 3.8%








Multimedia Artists & Animators 260 380 120 $67,650 $72,290 6.9% 17 www.otis.edu/econreport 2014 Otis Report on the Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region



1,290 1,430 140 $48,480 $52,810 8.9%










Writers & Authors 4,160 4,660 500 $92,260 $95,810 3.8%








Multimedia Artists & Animators 260 380 120 $67,650 $72,290 6.9%


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A location quotient (LQ) can be used to quantify the concentration of a particular industry, industry cluster, occupation or demographic group in a region compared to the nation. It reveals what makes a region unique and gives an indication of where a region has a competitive advantage.

WHAT IS A LOCATION QUOTIENT?


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Occupations with the Highest Location-Quotients in Orange County

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2013

8.68

5.85

3.89

3.80

3.54

6.07

5.29

3.84

3.57

3.26

0 2 1064 128

Carpet Installers

Plasterers & Stucco Masons

Drywall & Ceiling Tile Installers

Entertainers & Performers, Sports & Related

Costume Attendants

Tapers

Nuclear Technicians

Computer Hardware Engineers

Helpers: Painters, Paperhangers, Plasterers

Biomedical Engineers

Occupations with the Highest Location-Quotients in Los Angeles County

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2013

12.75

10.41

9.50

7.52

7.21

10.77

10.27

9.23

7.41

6.55

0 2 1064 128


Fashion Designers



Media & Comm. Workers, All Other



Media & Comm. Equipment Workers

Agents & Mgrs. of Artists, Performers & Athletes

Makeup Artists, Theatrical & Performance

WH

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An LQ of 1.0 for an occupation means that a region has the same (or average) concentra-tion of that occupation as does the nation as a whole. If the LQ of an occupation is above 1.0, the region has a higher than average concentration of that occupation. Higher- than-average location quotients for a given occupation or industry suggest a competitive advantage for that region vis-à-vis the nation and other regions with respect to that occupation or industry.

In Los Angeles County, the ten occupations with the highest location quotients were all creative occupations.

In Orange County, just two of the top ten occupations by location quotient were creative occupation: costume attendants, and enter-tainers and performers.

As indicated in the figures below, the Los Angeles region has high LQs in a number of creative occupations, meaning they have a higher concentration of those occupations than the nation as a whole. In Los Angeles County, the ten occupations with the highest location quotients were all creative occupa-tions. In Orange County, just two of the top ten occupations by location quotient were creative occupation: costume attendants, and entertainers and performers.


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38

LOOKING AHEAD: THE CREATIVE ECONOMY IN 2018 California and the Los Angeles region have made steady economic progress over the past year, experiencing overall job gains that have exceeded the nation as a whole. Most, but not all, industries have participated in these gains. Service- producing industries have largely improved, but with considerable variation across industries. Among the goods-producing industries, manufacturing has faced the biggest challenge as global competition and the need for efficiency continue to drive increased use of automation at the expense of workers. Other noteworthy trends include continued growth in information technology (IT) and health care services, along with increases in professional and business services employment, and the trade industries.

Creative industries have participated in these gains. Digital media has thrived on the strength of the IT and related industries. Architecture and interior design, which is tied to real estate, has seen a surge in employment, while furniture and the deco-rative arts have seen a more modest gain. More generally, improvements in the overall economy have afforded households more discretionary income to spend on entertainment, clothing, and other consumer goods.

Will these trends continue? This section looks ahead to 2018, first with projections for the overall economy, followed by employment projections for the creative industries.

Los Angeles County’s economy will experience ongoing improvement with wage and salary jobs growing by 1.5% on average from 2013 through 2018, bringing the unemployment rate down to its long run annual average of 7.9% in 2015. Orange County will see growth closer to the state’s two percent rate, hitting its long run average annual unemployment rate of 5.2% in 2015. Both counties should recover all of their recession-era job losses in 2015, with continued expansion in jobs to follow thereafter.


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The LAEDC projects that creative industry employment in Los Angeles and Orange Counties will grow by 3.2% from 2013 through 2018 to 415,100 wage and salary jobs, an increase of 12,900 jobs over the period. Most of the creative industries will experience wage and salary job gains, the exceptions being fashion and publishing and printing. Much anticipated increases in residential construction in 2015-16 will increase the demand for architecture and interior design, furniture and home décor, and drive demand upstream to industrial design. As the regional economy improves, household expenditures on art, entertainment, and toys should grow and lend support to these creative industries. Throughout the period, job gains will gradually close the gap between current employment and the pre-recession average job level of 450,000 that prevailed over the period 2005-2007.

The figures above and those cited below for Los Angeles and Orange counties track changes in wage and salary employment only. As noted earlier in this report, many creative industries rely to varying degrees on freelance workers and independent contractors along with wage and salary workers. As such, the historical and projected job counts cited here generally under-estimate total creative employment overall and employment in the individual industries. Los Angeles County: Total creative industry employment in Los Angeles County has seen increases over each of the last four years. This trend will continue over the forecast period, with an increase of more than 11,000 (3.2%) from 352,000 wage and salary jobs in 2013 to 363,100 in 2018. The largest numeric gain (16,700) will occur in the creative sector with the largest employment base, entertainment, but this sector will also enjoy a robust percentage increase of 12.6%, surpassed only by a projected 16.3% surge in digital media employment. Most of the other creative industries will see more modest gains in absolute terms, with furniture and decorative arts adding 2,300 jobs, communications arts growing by 2,200 jobs, and visual and performing arts adding 1,700 jobs. These gains will be offset in part by declining jobs in fashion and publishing and printing.


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Orange County: Although total creative industry employment in Orange County declined marginally in 2013 after two consecutive years of gains, wage and salary job gains are antici-pated over the next several years through 2018. Creative employment will increase by 3.4% or 1,700 jobs from 2013 through 2018, from 50,300 jobs to 52,000 jobs. Architecture and interior design will lead the way with the largest numeric gain (700 jobs). Communications arts, digital media, and publishing and printing will each add 500 jobs over the forecast period, with entertainment seeing a gain of 230 jobs. Smaller gains will occur in other sectors except for fashion, where a loss of 1,000 jobs is expected. In percentage terms, the biggest gain will occur in product/industrial design (14.6%), followed by architecture and interior design (12.6%), and communications arts (11.4%). Large single-digit increases are also expected in digital media (9.7%) and entertainment (9.5%), with smaller gains elsewhere. Fashion’s job losses will equate to an 8.8% decrease over the forecast period.


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TABLE 8: Los Angeles County Employment Forecast

TABLE 9: Orange County Employment Forecast

Source: California EDD LMID, QCEW data; forecasts by LAEDC


Creative Industry Number of Jobs (thousands) 2013-2018 Change

2013 2018f Number PercentArchitecture & Interior Design 10.3 11.5 1.24 12.0%Art Galleries 0.8 0.8 0.01 1.3%Communication Arts 20.0 22.1 2.15 10.8%Digital Media 5.8 6.8 0.95 16.3%Entertainment 132.7 149.4 16.71 12.6%Fashion 89.9 79.0 -10.93 -12.2%Furniture & Decorative Arts 28.6 30.9 2.26 7.9%Product/Industrial Design 0.4 0.5 0.02 4.5%Publishing and Printing 30.7 27.6 -3.07 -10.0%Toys 4.7 4.9 0.14 3.0%

Visual & Performing Arts Providers 28.0 29.7 1.67 6.0%

Totals: 351.9 363.1 11.15 3.2%


Creative Industry Number of Jobs (thousands) 2013-2018 Change

2013 2018f Number Percent

Architecture & Interior Design 5.3 6.0 0.67 12.6%Art Galleries 0.2 0.2 0.01 6.3%Communication Arts 4.1 4.6 0.47 11.4%Digital Media 5.2 5.7 0.50 9.7%Entertainment 2.4 2.7 0.23 9.5%Fashion 11.0 10.0 -0.97 -8.8%Furniture & Decorative Arts 6.6 6.7 0.13 2.0%Product/Industrial Design 0.4 0.5 0.06 14.6%Publishing and Printing 12.4 12.8 0.49 4.0%Toys 0.5 0.5 0.01 2.1%Visual & Performing Arts Providers 2.3 2.5 0.12 5.2%

Totals: 50.3 52.0 1.72 3.4%



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INDUSTRY SNAPSHOTS


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Los Angeles Los AngelesOrange County Orange County

ARCHITECTURE AND INTERIOR DESIGN Architects create beauty from functional and structural necessity. Without beauty (a highly subjective quality to be sure), a building is merely functional, while good architecture surprises, inspires and delights the observer.

Interior designers make interior space functional, safe and beautiful for almost any type of building including homes, offices, restaurants, retail stores, hotels and airports. Interior designers must also understand how the look and feel of a space will affect the people who use it.

The art of landscape designers achieves a balance between the man-made and natural environments. Their work combines art, environmental sciences and ecology. Great landscape design not only creates beautiful outdoor space but also can restore sensitive ecosystems, reduce hospital stays, and conserve energy. When thinking of great architecture, Los Angeles is not always the first place to come to mind, but Los Angeles is home to some of the world’s most renowned architects and a number of iconic buildings. The Los Angeles region can also take pride in the numerous public and private interior spaces as well as parks, gardens and open spaces that make the region’s communities so inviting.

TABLE 10: Economic Contribution of the Architecture and Interior Design Industry, 2013

Source: California EDD, ES202 data; forecasts by LAEDC Source: California EDD, ES202 data; forecasts by LAEDC

Architecture and Interior Design Job Growth NUMBER OF JOBS

Architecture and Interior Design Job Growth PERCENT CHANGE

2008 2008/2013 2013/2018F2013 2018F

14,300

-27.9%

12.0%

6,800

-21.7%

12.6%

10,300 11,500

5,300 6,000

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Total (Direct, Indirect, Induced) Contribution

Area Establishments Jobs Labor Income ($millions)

Nonemployer Estab. (2012)

Output ($billions)

Jobs Labor Income ($millions)

Taxes1

($millions)Los Angeles County 1,630 10,300 $790.2 4,748 $2.5 16,800 $1,126.1 $85.9

Orange County 712 5,300 $397.1 1,713 1.2 8,200 556.6 41.7

Total 2,342 15,600 $1,187.3 6,461 $3.6 25,000 $1,700.0 $127.61Property, state and local personal income taxes, and sales taxes generated by earnings and spending of the direct and indirect workersSources: California EDD, QCEW data, Bureau of the Census; indirect contribution estimated by LAEDC


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CREATIVITY IN THE SPACE AGE: WILLIAM PEREIRA, L.A.’S AEROSPACE ARCHITECT Aerospace was Southern California’s original “hi-tech” industry. The dominance of aerospace over Southern California’s industrial landscape during the decades following World War II redefined urban development, politics, technology and even the aesthetics of the region.

William Pereira is the architect credited with giving form to Southern California’s space-age vision in concrete, steel and glass. His futuristic creations for Convair Astronautics, Ford Aeronutronic, General Atomic and Autonetics reflected the futuristic dreams of the country during the middle decades of the 20th Century and, not incidentally, helped attract the best engineering talent to Southern California. Since most of Pereira’s creations were hidden behind security fences and guard houses, perhaps his best known design is the iconic Theme Building at LAX.


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While dismissed by one critic as “Hollywood’s idea of an architect”, Pereira brought a certain glamour to a prominent yet secretive industry. Given his embodiment of the modern California aesthetic of the 1950s and 1960s, it seems perfectly natural that Pereira got his start as an art director at Paramount Studios. Almost from their inception, both industries, aerospace and Hollywood, have been linked within the broader creative economy of Southern California, each influencing the other in surprising ways through the exchange of technology, architecture, art and our collective sense of what is possible. Both industries populated the landscape with “dream factories”. Through his architectural designs, William Pereira’s creative vision gave the aerospace industry its identity, and by extension helped to shape the character of Southern California.

Note on industry employment: The industries described in this report are defined by a specific set of NAICS codes. Primary data sources track wage and salary jobs by NAICS codes but do not capture other jobs held by freelance workers, independent contractors and other self-em-ployed workers. Many sectors in the creative economy have a mix of both wage and salary and self-employed workers. Direct employment in an industry captured by these NAICS codes is relatively easy to measure. However, this may still result in undercounting direct industry employment. Using the fashion industry to illustrate, there are jobs in other industries that are directly related to fashion but are not picked up in the direct employment numbers. These may include individuals working as import/export agents who deal only in apparel-related goods or a graphic design-er who works exclusively with textiles. A designer who owns her own boutique may be counted in the retail sector. Additionally, there are many educators working in the state’s numerous fashion institutions who are counted in the Arts Education industry as opposed to Fashion. This illustrates the complicated linkages that exist between industries and the challenges involved in describing an industry and its contribution to the economy.

Source: Blue Sky Metropolis: The Aerospace Century in Southern California, edited by Peter J. Westwick; Spaces for the Space Age: William Pereira’s Aerospace Modern-ism, Stuart W. Leslie; 2012 Huntington Library Collections, and Botanical Gar-dens and University of California Press.


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2008 2008/2013 2013/2018F2013 2018F

1,000

-22.6%

1.3%

300-50.3%

6.3%

800 800

200 200

Art Gallery Industry Job Growth NUMBER OF JOBS

Art Gallery Industry Job Growth PERCENT CHANGE

Source: California EDD, ES202 data; forecasts by LAEDC

1 Property, state and local personal income taxes, and sales taxes generated by earnings and spending of the direct and indirect workers

Source: California EDD, QCEW data, Bureau of the Census; indirect contribution estimated by LAEDC

Source: California EDD, ES202 data; forecasts by LAEDC

TABLE 11: Economic Contribution of Art Galleries, 2013

ART GALLERIES

Los Angeles is a world-class art city, attracting influential collectors from around the globe. From “art neighborhoods” to warehouse districts located in old industrial areas of downtown, Los Angeles is home to numerous galleries featuring contemporary and tradi-tional fine art, paintings, glass art, sculpture,




Output ($millions)


Taxes1

($millions)Los Angeles County 210 800 $48.9 655 $79.5 1,000 $61.2 $9.1

Orange County 45 200 $5.8 205 13.5 200 7.3 1.5

Total 255 1,000 $54.7 860 $93.0 1,200 $100.0 $10.6

1Property, state and local personal income taxes, and sales taxes generated by earnings and spending of the direct and indirect workersSources: California EDD, QCEW data, Bureau of the Census; indirect contribution estimated by LAEDC

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TSfine art photography and other types of visual

art. While the presence of artists and art galleries enhances the quality of life for local residents, they are also a major draw for cultural tourists.


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salary employment

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2008 2008/2013 2013/2018F2013 2018F

20,600

-3.1%

10.8%

4,800-13.3%

11.4%20,000 21,100

4,100 4,600

COMMUNICATION ARTS Individuals working in the communication arts combine art and technology to communicate ideas through images and other communica-tions media. This diverse sector is dominated by advertising agencies but also includes firms that specialize in graphic design, and commer-cial and portrait photographers. Advertising firms employ creative staff to design the content and visual elements of client ad campaigns. Working with both text and images, advertising firms create visual concepts by hand or using computer software to communicate ideas that inspire, inform or captivate consumers. They help to make an organization recognizable by selecting colors, images or logo designs that represent a par-ticular idea or identity.

Graphic arts designers comprise the second largest subsector of this industry. Graphic designers create visual solutions to com-munications problems using both digital and print media. Graphic designers are involved in the production of magazines, newspapers, corporate reports and other publications. They also design packaging, brochures and logos for products and businesses. An increasing number of graphic designers are involved in developing material for the Internet, interactive media and multimedia projects.

Communication Arts Industry Job Growth NUMBER OF JOBS

Communication Arts Industry Job Growth PERCENT CHANGE

TABLE 12: Economic Contribution of the Communication Arts Industry, 2013


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Output ($billions)


Taxes1

($millions)Los Angeles County 2,098 20,000 $1,923.1 26,166 $5.4 31,300 $2,504.6 $224.7

Orange County 623 4,100 $273.8 8,226 0.9 5,700 360.1 36.5





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DIGITAL MEDIA

The prominence of the digital media industry in Southern California is closely related to its prominent role as the center of the nation’s entertainment industry and the large number of video game developers working in the area. The actual size of the digital media industry is difficult to calculate. There is still no precise definition of the industry, nor is there a way to cull digital media activities out of data for related sectors such as motion picture produc-tion, publishing or software design. Digital media artists work in 3D/2D entertain-ment arts (games, animation, film), imaging (editorial, retail, comic, info-graphics), video and motion graphics (TV, web, film, corporate), and interactive media (web, mobile).

Individuals working in digital media may also be employed by architectural firms to create

3D images of building designs or in the fashion industry engaged in textile design. Others work for advertising agencies and computer systems design firms and independent spe-cialized design companies. Additionally, with the growth of digital media in entertainment, more and more digital artists are moving onto the payrolls of film studios.

It is unfortunate that data for employment in the digital media industry are incomplete given its potential to impact all sectors of the cre-ative economy. Beyond industry employment, a large number of software programmers are independent contractors who are not captured by traditional data sources. Many also work for firms in other industries. While software publishing is the industry that best fits this activity and is used to produce the figures below, the employment and economic contribution of digital media activities is much larger than indicated.

TABLE 13: Economic Contribution of the Digital Media Industry, 2013


Digital Media Industry Job Growth NUMBER OF JOBS

Digital Media Industry Job Growth PERCENT CHANGE


2008 2008/2013 2013/2018F2013 2018F

5,400

8.6%

16.3%

4,200

23.9%

9.7%

5,800

6,800

5,2005,700

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Output ($billions)


Taxes1

($millions)Los Angeles County 177 5,800 $882.2 na $4.8 20,600 $1,628.6 $148.0

Orange County 110 5,200 $647.2 na 4.3 16,800 1,251.8 116.2

Total 287 11,000 $1,529.4 na $9.2 37,400 $2,880.3 $264.31Property, state and local personal income taxes, and sales taxes generated by earnings and spending of the direct and indirect workersSources: California EDD, QCEW data, Bureau of the Census; indirect contribution estimated by LAEDC




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JPL AND HOLLYWOOD: THE BIRTH OF CGI It is probably safe to say that most moviegoers and gamers are unaware that CGI (computer-generated imagery) techniques were invented at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory to support the Voyager spacecraft program. In the late 1970s, only a handful JPL programmers were working on simple animations to simulate spacecraft trajectories for NASA.

As the Voyager spacecraft sped on its way to the outer reaches of the solar system, a mission designer turned to JPL looking for more complex renderings to illustrate the space probe’s journey than were currently available. After investing in a powerful computer system to run graphics programs, the newly expanded JPL graphics team went to work on generating three-dimensional animations to simulate the Voyager flights past Jupiter and Saturn. Surpassing all expectations, the animated clips took the viewer on a ride behind the Voyager craft as it swooped past the planets, weaving in and out of rings and moons set against a backdrop of distant stars. These clips quickly captured the imagination of a fascinated public and became a staple of TV news.

In an era saturated with CGI images in movies and video games, it is easy to lose sight of the technical advances these “simple” animated clips represented. James Blinn was one of the wizards behind the creation of early CGI technology. He invented new techniques that allowed a programmer to digitally add craters and other surface features to formerly smooth representations of planets and moons. He also pioneered new methods for adjusting the appearance of features as the viewing perspective changed from frame to frame, allowing images to rotate with the planet or moon.


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There is a good reason why computer animation was initially developed at JPL instead of Hollywood. The animation sequences required an almost unimaginable number of computations – a three-minute Voyager clip had over four thousand frames each requiring its own set of computations. When this technology was being developed, the only facilities with the necessary computing power were government labs and research universities.

Computer generated animation made the leap to entertainment when Carl Sagan hired James Blinn to provide a series of animated sequences for Cosmos (1980). Some of the more complex sequences required an hour of computer calculations per frame. JPL allowed Blinn to use their computers since at that time, filmmakers lacked access to the powerful computers needed to crunch the numbers. With the airing of Cosmos, CGI technology developed at JPL gained a wide audience and Hollywood took note.

A proponent of open source software, James Blinn helped the spread of CGI technology to the private sector by freely disseminating his ideas in a series of important articles. The pioneering animators at JPL showed what was possible. Meanwhile, the emergence of affordable graphic workstations, increasingly powerful personal computers, faster monitors and the incorporation of video cards into motherboards, inspired commercial firms to adapt and run with these techniques themselves. The rest is Hollywood history.

Source: Blue Sky Metropolis: The Aerospace Century in Southern California, edited by Peter J. Westwick; Aerospace and Hollywood: How Computer Animation Went from Space to Cineplex;2012 Huntington Library Collections, and Botanical Gar-dens and University of California Press.


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2008 2008/2013 2013/2018F2013 2018F

143,100

-7.3%

12.6%

2,600

-6.6%

9.5%

132,700 149,400

2,400 2,700

ENTERTAINMENT The entertainment industry is a cornerstone of the Los Angeles regional economy. Activity related to the motion picture and sound-recording industry generates huge economic benefits for the region both directly and indirectly. Filming on sound stages and on-location employs actors, camera operators and directors, but as the final credits roll, it

TABLE 14: Economic Contribution of the Entertainment Industry, 2013

Entertainment Industry Job Growth NUMBER OF JOBS

Entertainment Industry Job Growth PERCENT CHANGE

becomes clear that the production of a movie requires workers across sectors as diverse as technical services, transportation, food services and security. Behind the scenes, the entertainment industry provides jobs for ac-countants, lawyers and insurance firms. Film studios and related activities are also users of large amounts of office and industrial real estate. In addition, the entertainment industry is a major source of export revenues for the re-gion because of the royalties earned overseas by locally produced films and TV shows.

Several activities are included here: sound recording, motion picture and TV production, and cable TV broadcasting as well as radio stations. Musicians might be included here for recording film scores, but since many perform on stage as well as in the studio, they may be included as employees or as nonemployer firms in the visual and performing arts sector.


CALIFORNIA FILM TAX CREDIT: In late August 2014, the Governor signed a bill that will triple the California Film Tax Credit to $330 million annually over the next five years. This bill is aimed at reversing runaway film production by offering incentives to studios to keep production in California. The increase in filming locally will result in the creation of thousands of new jobs in the region and strengthen one of L.A.’s signature industries.

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Output ($billions)


Taxes1

($millions)Los Angeles County 5,769 132,700 $13,678.2 19,443 $58.1 241,200 $19,179.7 $1,666.9

Orange County 181 2,400 $58.4 1,531 0.4 1,500 93.2 9.8

Total 5,950 135,100 $13,736.6 20,974 $58.5 242,700 19,273 $1,676.71Property, state and local personal income taxes, and sales taxes generated by earnings and spending of the direct and indirect workersSources: California EDD, QCEW data, Bureau of the Census; indirect contribution estimated by LAEDC




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salary employment

L.A.O.C.



2008 2008/20132013/2018F

2013 2018F

98,000

-8.2%

12,600

-13.1%

-8.8%89,900

79,000

11,000 10,000

processing is often manufactured locally. Design-related activity also contributes to maintaining the apparel industry’s presence in Southern California. One of the great strengths of the local fashion industry is the designers responsible for the global appeal of the “Made in L.A.” label. The local industry is likewise a leader in “fast-fashion” a term used to describe the production of clothing that reflects current fashion trends that goes from runway to store shelves in as little as four weeks. The many apparel design and merchandising schools that are located in the region attract talented students from all over the world. Fashion also works hand-in-hand with the entertainment industry and the region’s energetic art scene.

Fashion Industry Job Growth NUMBER OF JOBS

Fashion Industry Job Growth PERCENT CHANGE

TABLE 15: Economic Contribution of the Fashion Industry, 2013


FASHION Apparel design, manufacturing and wholesal-ing make significant contributions to the Southern California economy, particularly in Los Angeles County. The fashion industry in Orange County is smaller, but has crafted its own identity separate from Los Angeles. Southern California’s fashion industry also includes textiles and jewelry manufacturing and design, as well as footwear, handbags and cosmetics manufacturing and wholesaling. Together, Los Angeles and Orange counties employ the largest number of apparel workers in the United States and are one of the few places in the U.S. where apparel continues to be manufactured on a large scale. Although production of most apparel items has largely shifted to lower wage countries in Latin Ameri-ca and Asia, high-end apparel that requires strict quality control and specialized skills or


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Output ($billions)


Taxes1

($millions)Los Angeles County 6,477 89,900 $3,642.6 6,660 $25.8 139,400 $6,442.8 $1,566.3

Orange County 669 11,000 $564.5 1,408 3.2 16,600 892.7 207.3

Total 7,146 100,900 $4,207.1 8,068 $29.0 156,000 $7,335.5 $1,773.61Property, state and local personal income taxes, and sales taxes generated by earnings and spending of the direct and indirect workersSources: California EDD, QCEW data, Bureau of the Census; indirect contribution estimated by LAEDC

-12.2%




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salary employment

L.A.O.C.



2008 2008/20132013/2018F

2013 2018F

36,200

-21.0%

7.9%

10,800 -39.4%

2.0%

28,60030,900

6,600 6,700

FURNITURE AND DECORATIVE ARTS This industry group includes firms that manufacture, warehouse, import and export furniture, including the furniture marts such as the Pacific Design Center and the L.A. Mart. This sector also includes textile mills (e.g. sheets, towels and fabric window treatments), and china and pottery producers.

Like apparel, these items are frequently designed locally, produced in Asia and shipped back to the U.S. for domestic distribution. The furniture marts have regular shows where manufacturers exhibit their products to wholesale buyers from around the nation.

Furniture and home furnishings is a sector that exemplifies the tension between localization and globalization. While the region’s manufacturers face growing compe-tition from inexpensive labor overseas, local designers continue to produce innovative and beautiful furnishings. Southern California is also home to hundreds of small artisans who produce hand-crafted and one-of-a-kind pieces. Additionally, the region’s universities and colleges offer a number of top-rated design programs that attract students from across the country.

Furniture and Decorative Arts Industry Growth NUMBER OF JOBS

Furniture and Decorative Arts Industry Growth PERCENT CHANGE

TABLE 16: Economic Contribution of the Furniture and Decorative Arts Industry, 2013


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Output ($billions)


Taxes1


Orange County 445 6,600 $305.7 498 1.8 9,400 469.7 92.4





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salary employment

L.A.O.C.



2008 2008/20132013/2018F

2013 2018F

700

-37.6%

4.5%

500-21.6%

14.6%

400 500400500

Many product and industrial designers are direct employees of companies that produce and sell a wide variety of products. The data in this report capture those working in creative industries like apparel or furniture manufactur-ing but do not include individuals working in other industries (e.g. aerospace or custom fabricated metal products). The figures shown below reflect specialized design firms that serve as outside contractors or independent consultants to manufacturers and construction firms. Though it is difficult to quantify, the real design base in the region is larger than shown.

Product and Industrial Design Industry Job Growth NUMBER OF JOBS

Product and Industrial Design Industry Job Growth PERCENT CHANGE

PRODUCT AND INDUSTRIAL DESIGN Industrial designers develop the concepts for manufactured products, such as cars, home appliances and mobile devices. They combine art, marketing, and engineering skills to make products that people use every day. A product designer focuses on the user experience in creating style and function for a particular object. Most specialize in a particular product category such as medical equipment or consumer electronics. Other product designers may develop ideas for furniture, sporting goods or lifestyle accessories.

Producers of consumer products can no longer expect to catch the attention of the public with a product that is reasonably priced and merely functional. It must also be designed to be beautiful, unique and meaningful.

TABLE 17: Economic Contribution of the Product and Industrial Design Industry, 2013


IND

US

TR

Y S

NA

PS

HO

TS




Output ($millions)


Taxes1

($millions)Los Angeles County 100 400 $24.6 na $91.6 640 $34.3 $3.8

Orange County 52 400 $42.4 na 89.0 640 54.2 4.7

Total 152 800 $67.0 na $180.6 1,280 $88.5 $8.41Property, state and local personal income taxes, and sales taxes generated by earnings and spending of the direct and indirect workers



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2008 2008/2013 2013/2018F2013 2018F

38,700

-20.8%

-10.0%

15,000 -17.7%

4.0%

30,700 27,600

12,400 12,800

PUBLISHING & PRINTING The traditional publishing and printing sector encompasses two distinct functions. Publishers produce and disseminate literature, artwork or information through books, newspapers and periodicals, directories and mailing lists, greeting cards and other materials. Printers engage in printing text and images on paper, metal, glass, apparel and other materials. This sector also includes libraries and archives, and internet publishing.

Although printing and publishing continue to be an important manufacturing industry in Southern California, it is a sector that has experienced large declines in the number of

firms and workers employed in the industry over the last five years. Digital publishing displaces print media more and more each year. Growing numbers of individuals and businesses are accessing, reading and storing information in electronic formats. Digital printing technologies have also allowed smaller companies to compete in the same market as large commercial printers, while the low cost of digital printing has encouraged firms to bring their printing needs in-house.

Publishing and Printing Industry Job Growth NUMBER OF JOBS

Publishing and Printing Industry Job Growth PERCENT CHANGE

TABLE 18: Economic Contribution of Publishing and Printing, 2013


IND

US

TR

Y S

NA

PS

HO

TS




Output ($billions)


Taxes1


Orange County 712 12,400 $668.9 1,424 3.2 18,900 1,048.1 91.2Total 2,618 43,100 $2,807.5 5,723 $12.0 70,200 $4,311.3 $367.9

1Property, state and local personal income taxes, and sales taxes generated by earnings and spending of the direct and indirect workersSources: California EDD, QCEW data, Bureau of the Census; indirect contribution estimated by LAEDC




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but most design and marketing functions have been retained in the Los Angeles region because of the local creative talent pool and supportive training programs at nearby edu-cational institutions. Toy companies are also drawn by the region’s extensive warehouse and distribution system.

The Southern California toy industry benefits from its close ties to the area’s entertain-ment industry through licensing agreements with the major film studios. Movie characters become toys and toys (Legos, Transformers) become movies. Approximately 30% of all toys sold in the U.S. are licensed.

Hollywood and the entertainment industry also help to draw design talent to the region. In addition to the entertainment industry, local design talent draws inspiration from the fashion industry, textiles, food and music.

Toy Industry Job Growth NUMBER OF JOBS

Toy Industry Job Growth PERCENT CHANGE

TOYS The toy industry in the United States is highly concentrated. The top 50 toy companies in the nation generate 75% of the industry’s revenues. If one were to trace a route along the 405 freeway from Van Nuys to Irvine, one would find that eight of the world’s largest toy companies are either headquartered or have offices within that narrow corridor.

While the job numbers are modest, Southern California is a major force in the toy industry, having introduced a number of “firsts” to toy boxes around the world – including names like Barbie and Hot Wheels that have remained popular with generations of children. Company names include Mattel, Spinmaster, Jakks Pacific, Funrise, Mega Toys, Imperial Toys and The Maya Group. Much of the actual manufacturing of toys takes place in Asia,

TABLE 19: Economic Contribution of the Toy Industry, 2013


2008 2008/2013 2013/2018F2013 2018F

6,000

-21.0%

3.0%

700

-32.0%

2.1%

4,700 4,900

500 500

IND

US

TR

Y S

NA

PS

HO

TS




Output ($billions)


Taxes1

($millions)Los Angeles County 234 4,700 $534.7 402 $2.3 8,700 $748.3 $170.6

Orange County 47 500 $35.8 115 0.2 750 52.4 16.7

Total 281 5,200 $570.5 517 $2.5 9,450 $800.7 $187.21Property, state and local personal income taxes, and sales taxes generated by earnings and spending of the direct and indirect workersSources: California EDD, QCEW data, Bureau of the Census; indirect contribution estimated by LAEDC




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VISUAL AND PERFORMING ARTS The Los Angeles region is home to an impres-sive number of internationally renowned arts institutions, world-class symphonies, opera and ballet companies, and theater troupes, many of which are housed in concert halls and theaters that are works of art in their own right.

Activities in this group include theater and dance companies, musical groups, other performing arts companies and museums, as well as independent artists, writers, entertainers and their agents and managers. Many of these firms are non-profit organizations.

Surveys of people’s attitudes toward the performing arts have shown that the arts are viewed as improving the quality of life in a neighborhood or city, and are a source of

Visual and Performing Arts Industry Job Growth NUMBER OF JOBS

Visual and Performing Arts Industry Job Growth PERCENT CHANGE

community pride. People who visit museums and attend dance, music or theatrical perfor-mances say that arts promote understanding of other people, help to preserve and share cultural heritage, and contribute to lifelong learning in adults, and to the education and development of children. Significantly, even people who do not attend performing arts exhibitions share this view.

There is no question that visual and perfor-ming arts make communities more desirable places to live. From an economic development standpoint, quality of life is critical to attracting an educated and productive workforce. In today’s global economy, the regions that attract and retain talent are the regions that will grow and prosper.

TABLE 20: Economic Contribution of the Visual and Performing Arts Industry, 2013


Los Angeles Los Angeles

2008 2008/2013 2013/2018F2013 2018F

Orange County Orange County

26,000

7.6% 6.0%

2,600-9.3%

5.2%28,000 29,700

2,300 2,500

IND

US

TR

Y S

NA

PS

HO

TS




Output ($billions)


Taxes1


Orange County 294 2,300 $87.3 8,853 0.3 3,000 121.5 10.7





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NONPROFIT SEGMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY The importance of the arts and culture to economic development is well established. Because many arts organizations are nonprofits, they rely heavily on charitable contributions and volunteers which are not captured in typical economic statistics like employment and payroll. However, to leave these organizations out of this analysis would present an incomplete picture of the creative sector and the role it plays in the regional economy of Los Angeles and Orange counties.

Information on nonprofits is limited, but the IRS publishes some data on tax-exempt organizations as part of its Statistics of Income (SOI) program. The IRS offers the most comprehensive and standardized data on tax-exempt organizations available, but there are significant limitations. The SOI files are compiled annually by using information from the Form 990 filed by nonprofit organizations. The SOI files include all 501(c)(3) organizations with $30 million or more in assets, all organizations filing under sections 502(c)(4) through 501(c)(9) with $10 million or more in assets, and a sample of a few thousand smaller organizations per year that are selected to represent the entire universe of nonprofit organizations.

The SOI data are cumulative and are the most recent information the IRS has on file for exempt organizations. The year designation on SOI files is based on the starting year for an organization’s tax return, which is not necessarily its fiscal year. Therefore, this data does not cover a specific calendar year but instead, provides a snapshot at the time it was accessed (August 2014) of the state’s nonprofit arts sector. Unfortunately, the SOI data do not contain information pertaining to employment.

The nonprofit sector also suffered during the recession. In many organizations, resources were stretched to the limit as demand for services increased but donations and access to government funding declined. Like other segments of the economy, however, the nonprofit sector is now in a much better position. Compared with last year, the number of arts and cultural organizations has increased, and both income and asset values are up.


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The SOI sample contained a total of 2,888 nonprofit organizations in the Los Angeles region classified as arts, culture and humanities organizations. In Los Angeles County, the nonprofit segment of the creative economy is spread across many types of organizations, but was most highly concentrated in organizations that promote culture and ethnic awareness (12.7% of the total); theater; (12.2%); and arts, cultural, multipurpose organizations (8.5%).

While not among the largest sectors in terms of the number of organizations, nonprofit arts education still has a significant presence in the region. Based on the SOI sample, there were 112 arts education organizations and 23 performing arts schools in Los Angeles County, and in Orange County, there were 18 arts education groups and three performing arts schools.

The total income reported by nonprofits in Los Angeles County amounted to $2.4 billion. History museums earned 12.8% of nonprofit income in the county. Arts education organizations earned 12.4% of the total, followed by art museums (11.9%), performing arts schools (9.8%), and cultural and ethnic awareness organizations (9.2%).

In Orange County, reported nonprofit income in the SOI sample was nearly $290 million. Performing arts centers earned 32.1% of total arts-related nonprofit income; arts, cultural, multipurpose organizations 12.2%, and museums 11.2%.

Another way to measure the importance of the nonprofit sector is to look at the collective value of assets owned by nonprofit organizations in the region. As of August 2014, nonprofits in Los Angeles County reported assets valued at $6.3 billion to the IRS. The largest share of assets was concentrated in art museums and history museums, 31.7% and 15.3% respectively. This is not surprising considering the worth of the region’s collections and the value of the real estate on which they are housed. In Orange County, nonprofits reported a total of $859 million in assets, with by far the largest share held by performing arts centers (52.3%).

Creative people, as well as many others, value diverse cultural amenities. High concentrations of cultural workers and attractions make an area more appealing by improving quality of life and by drawing visitors to the area. Additionally, the educational and outreach services provided by nonprofit arts organizations play an important role in training the next generation of creative individuals.


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TABLE 21: Comparison Nonprofit Sector Figures Reported, 2013 Otis Report vs. 2014

TABLE 22: Arts-Related Nonprofits and Regional Shares, 2014


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12.7%

35.3%

15.9%

8.9%

8.4%

5.5%

5.4%

5.2%4.8%4.1%

41.7%

12.2%

8.5%

6.6%

5.3%5.3%5%

4.8%

4.4%

LOS ANGELES COUNTYNUMBER OF

ORGANIZATIONS IN SAMPLE

2,329

ORANGE COUNTYNUMBER OF ORGANIZATIONSIN SAMPLE

559

LARGEST ARTS NONPROFIT SECTORS BYNUMBER OF ORGANIZATIONS BASED ON SOI SAMPLE STATISTICS5

Source: IRS SOI Statistics

35.3% All other Orgs. (823) 12.7% Cultural, Ethnic Awareness (295)12.2% Theater (283)8.5% Arts, Cultural Orgs., Multipurpose (197)6.6% Music (153)5.3% Film, Video (123)5.3% Historical Societies (123)5% Performing Arts Orgs. (117)4.8% Arts Education (112)4.4% Dance (103)

35.3% All other Orgs. (823) 12.7% Cultural, Ethnic Awareness (295)12.2% Theater (283)8.5% Arts, Cultural Orgs., Multipurpose (197)6.6% Music (153)5.3% Film, Video (123)5.3% Historical Societies (123)5% Performing Arts Orgs. (117)4.8% Arts Education (112)4.4% Dance (103)

41.7% All other Orgs. (233) 15.9% Cultural, Ethnic Awareness (89)8.9% Arts, Cultural Orgs., Multipurpose (50)8.4% Historical Societies, Related Historical Activities (47)5.5% Theater (31)5.4% Music (30)5.2% Performing Arts Orgs. (29)4.8% Singing, Choral (27)4.1% Arts Culture and Humanities N.E.C. (23)

41.7% All other Orgs. (233) 15.9% Cultural, Ethnic Awareness (89)8.9% Arts, Cultural Orgs., Multipurpose (50)8.4% Historical Societies, Related Historical Activities (47)5.5% Theater (31)5.4% Music (30)5.2% Performing Arts Orgs. (29)4.8% Singing, Choral (27)4.1% Arts Culture and Humanities N.E.C. (23)

5Note: All the figures related to the nonprofit sector cited above and in Table 33 and Table 34 in the appendix are derived from a representative sample of nonprofit organizations in the Los Angeles region. While useful inferences can be made based on this sample, it does not include the entire universe of nonprofit organizations in the region.

Source: IRS SOI Statistics


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ARTS EDUCATION: K-12 AND POST-SECONDARY Education in the arts is a necessary part of preparing students to meet the demands of the twenty-first century workforce where young people now have to compete in a global labor market. Much attention is paid to STEM (science, technology, engi-neering and mathematics) courses as a vehicle for preparing students to meet the challenges of an increasingly interconnected world. There is concern that too few STEM-educated students (especially girls) are entering the workforce at sufficient performance levels to meet labor market demand. The arts and the sciences are still seen as separate educational tracks with students encouraged to specialize in one or the other, but if nurturing creative students is desirable, then this kind of thinking can be limiting. One way to persuade more young people to pursue STEM-related subjects is to incorporate the arts into a STEM course of study thus moving from STEM to STEAM.

Arts education fosters creative, critical thinking, problem solving and collaboration. Viewed in this context, creativity has become as important in modern education as mastering specific language and computational skills. Technological innovation is moving ahead so rapidly that functional capabilities have become less important to employers than the ability of employees to reinvent and adapt themselves to a dynamic industry and economic environment. In other words, workers need to be creative. They also need to be skilled at communicating their ideas to co-workers in a collaborative environment. It then follows that creativity training via the arts may be a component of a successful workforce development strategy.

Additionally, while no one questions the necessity of mastering language, math and science skills, a singular focus on these subjects ignores the needs of students whose talents run in a different direction. Marginalizing the arts risks these young people becoming frustrated and dropping out of school altogether. When this happens, they may never develop their unique talents or realize their full potential. In addition to the individual loss, society as a whole is diminished.

There is a large body of research that has shown that arts education engages students in learning and promotes academic success. When students are engaged, truancy and dropout rates decline.6 Student involvement in the arts is linked to higher academic performance, increased standardized test scores, and greater involvement in community service and civic engagement, especially among disadvantaged students.7

6 The high school dropout rate in Los Angeles County was 14.8% in 2012, down from 16.5% in 2011. Dropout rates varied from a low of 2.6% in ABC Unified School District to 32.5% in the Compton Unified School District. In Orange County the high school dropout rate was 8.9% in 2012, down from 9.5% in 2011; http://www.kidsdata.org/

7 www.AmericansForTheArts.org


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Studies have also demonstrated that students who attend schools where the arts are integrated into the classroom curriculum outperform their peers in math and reading who did not have an arts integrated curriculum. Data from The College Board show that in 2013, students who took four years of arts and music classes while in high school scored an average of 95 points better on their SATs than students who took only one-half year or less.8 Thus, arts education at the K-12 level is very important for both social and economic reasons.

The California Department of Education tracks student enrollment, number of classes, average class size and the number of teachers9 by subject area. This allows for the analysis of student participation in creative courses at the K-12 level. The Department of Education has expanded this data set so that in this year’s report a more detailed analysis is possible. This section has been expanded from a discussion limited to art, dance, music and theater classes to include media, entertainment, design and information technology. This more inclusive set of “creative” subject areas aligns more closely with the industries and occupations that define the creative economy (see Table 41 in the appendix for a complete list of subject areas and courses). What follows below, and in more detail in the appendix tables, is a description of the region’s K-12 creative talent pipeline.10

Since peaking in 2003, Los Angeles County’s child population has declined by 16.1% (2014), while the population of school age children has fallen by 16.6%.11

K-12 student enrollment in creative subject areas during the 2012-13 academic year (AY) was down by 2.8% compared with the previous year. This roughly corresponds to the decline of 3.1% in the number of classes offered in creative subject areas. However, the number of creative classes that met UC/CSU entrance requirements increased by 8.0% compared with the previous year, perhaps reflecting greater emphasis on preparing students for college. Known as the “A-G” subject requirements, the intent of these requirements is to ensure students will be able to fully participate in the first-year program at a UC/CSU university in a wide variety of fields of study. The number of teachers employed in Los Angeles County teaching creative courses (full-time equivalent) rose by 1.5% over the year.

Accounting for most of the enrollment decline was a large drop in the number of students taking courses in music (-9.7% or 12,700 students); with smaller declines in English (composition, advanced composition and journalism) and dance. The largest enrollment increases occurred in art; arts, media and entertainment; and building construction trades (cabinet making, construction technology and woodworking).

Looking at enrollment in creative subject areas by sex, the distribution between males and females has been consistent over the last five years with females comprising 50.5% of creative course enrollment and males 49.5%. There is considerable variation by subject area, but given the current emphasis on STEM-related courses,

8 “Arts Students Outperform Non-Arts Students on SATs” , http://www.americansforth-earts.org/

9Measured as Full Time Equivalent (FTE). A FTE measure is a way of equating the number of full- and part-time employees. A full-time employee counts as one FTE; two part-time employees who each work half-time are also equal to one FTE.

10Creative course subject areas: art; arts, media and entertain-ment; building trades and construction; computer education; consumer and family studies; dance; drama/theater; engineering and design; English; fashion and interior design; fine and performing arts (IB); informa-tion technology; manufactur-ing and product development; marketing sales and services; and music.

11According to the California Department of Finance, K-12 enrollment in California will grow by 0.8% (50,000 students) by 2022-2023. Birth projections indicated a decline contributing to lower elementary enrollment and reduced growth for future total enrollment. Secondary enrollment is projected to decrease through 2016-2017 followed by almost no change for two years and then moderate increases through 2022-23.


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it is interesting to note the ratio of males to females in engineering and design classes over the past five years has consistently been 70% male to 30% female. Still, increasing numbers of girls are enrolling in engineering and design classes. Since the 2007-08 AY, the number of girls enrolled in these courses has increased by 116%.

Why is it important to encourage more girls to enroll in engineering and other STEM classes? Engineering touches almost every aspect of modern life; art and design are a key part of engineering. Furthermore, technology and design are becoming increasingly important to U.S. economic growth. Occupations in these fields also tend to earn higher salaries. There is currently a gender imbalance in engineering and other technical professions that has largely closed in many other industries. Although young women have indicated they are interested in math and engineering, they perceive there are still gender barriers to studying these subjects. Encouraging more girls to study engineering and design and to enter technical occupations would increase employment opportunities for young women and would be a step forward in closing the gender wage gap.

Orange County’s child population peaked in 2004 and has since declined by 8.7% (2014). The school age population fell at a slightly slower rate of 7.6%. K-12 student enrollment in creative courses experienced a precipitous decline during the 2012-13 AY, falling by 14% compared with the previous year. Most of the drop off in enrollment was due to a decline of 11,700 students in English compo-sition from 2011-12 AY to 2012-13 AY. This number is suspect, however, because total enrollment in English classes of all types increased by 1.5%. Since the course offerings in English expanded in 2012-13 AY, it seems likely students who would previously have taken composition were disbursed to other English courses. If one removes English as a subject area, total creative class enrollment declined by 5.3%.

Of the 15 creative subject areas analyzed, enrollment in only four increased during the 2012-13 AY: art; art, media and entertainment; fine and performing arts; and information technology. In total, the number of creative classes offered declined by 16.4%, and the number of classes meeting UC/CSU requirements fell by 2.7%. The number of full-time-equivalent teachers was down by nearly 21%.

Looking at Orange County enrollment in creative subject areas by sex, the distribution is fairly even with females comprising 52% of creative course enrollment and males 48%. Again, male-female ratios vary by subject area, but similar to Los Angeles County, enrollment in engineering and design classes is heavily weighted toward males: 82% versus 18% for females during the 2012-13 AY. This ratio has shown some improvement over the last five years – during the 2007-08 AY it was 87% males to 13% females. Meanwhile, the total number of females enrolled in engineering and design classes has increased by 400%.


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ENROLLMENT IN ENGINEERING & DESIGN COURSES BY SEX Orange County

Source: California Department of Education, DataQuest

MALE ENROLLMENT FEMALE ENROLLMENT

2007-2008 2008-2009 2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013

200

600

1,000

1,400

1,800

0

400

800

1,200

1,600

ENROLLMENT IN ENGINEERING & DESIGN COURSES BY SEX Los Angeles County



2007-2008 2008-2009 2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013

1,000

3,000

5,000

7,000

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

TOTAL ENROLLMENT IN CREATIVE COURSES BY SEX Orange County



2007-2008 2008-2009 2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013

10,000

30,000

50,000

70,000

90,000

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

TOTAL ENROLLMENT IN CREATIVE COURSES BY SEX Los Angeles County


MALE ENROLLMENT FEMALE ENROLLMENT2007-2008 2008-2009 2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013

500,000

150,000

250,000

0,000

100,000

200,000


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POST-SECONDARY ARTS EDUCATION: Southern California is fortunate in the richness and caliber of higher education programs available in the arts. The number of persons employed in post-secondary arts education is difficult to pin down. Individuals who work at fine and performing arts schools are reported in the EDD employment data (NAICS 61151). However, arts educators at colleges and universities and technical schools that offer degree programs in the visual and performing arts are not separated in the employment data.

Below is a list of universities, colleges, trade and technical schools in Los Angeles and Orange counties offering degree programs in the creative industries:

Independent Visual and Performing Arts CollegesColumn1Art Center College of Design Laguna College of Art and DesignCalifornia Institute of the Arts New York Film Academy, Los AngelesThe Colburn School Otis College of Art and DesignColumbia College, HollywoodL.A. Film School

Colleges and UniversitiesAmerican Film Institute Mount St. Mary's CollegeAzusa Pacific University Occidental CollegeBiola University Pepperdine UniversityCalif. State Polytechnic University, Pomona Pitzer CollegeCalif. State University, Dominguez Hills Pomona CollegeCalif. State University, Fullerton Scripps CollegeCalif. State University, Long beach University of California, IrvineCalif. State University, Los Angeles University of California, Los AngelesCalif. State University, Northridge University of LaVerneChapman University University of Southern CaliforniaClaremont Graduate University Vanguard University of So. CaliforniaClaremont McKenna College Whittier CollegeConcordia University, Irvine Woodbury UniversityLoyola Marymount University

Community CollegesCerritos College Los Angeles Harbor CollegeCitrus College Los Angeles Mission CollegeCoastline Community College Los Angeles Pierce CollegeCollege of the Canyons Los Angeles Southwest CollegeCypress College Los Angeles Trade and Technical CollegeEast Los Angeles College Los Angeles Valley CollegeEl Camino College Moorpark CollegeFashion Institute of Design and Orange Coast College Merchandising, Los Angeles Pasadena City CollegeFashion Institute of Design and Rio Hondo College Merchandising, Orange County Saddleback CollegeFullerton College Santa Monica CollegeGlendale Community College Santiago Canyon CollegeGolden West College West Los Angeles CollegeIrvine Valley CollegeLos Angeles City College

Continued on next page


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Independent Visual and Performing Arts CollegesColumn1Art Center College of Design Laguna College of Art and DesignCalifornia Institute of the Arts New York Film Academy, Los AngelesThe Colburn School Otis College of Art and DesignColumbia College, HollywoodL.A. Film School

Colleges and UniversitiesAmerican Film Institute Mount St. Mary's CollegeAzusa Pacific University Occidental CollegeBiola University Pepperdine UniversityCalif. State Polytechnic University, Pomona Pitzer CollegeCalif. State University, Dominguez Hills Pomona CollegeCalif. State University, Fullerton Scripps CollegeCalif. State University, Long beach University of California, IrvineCalif. State University, Los Angeles University of California, Los AngelesCalif. State University, Northridge University of LaVerneChapman University University of Southern CaliforniaClaremont Graduate University Vanguard University of So. CaliforniaClaremont McKenna College Whittier CollegeConcordia University, Irvine Woodbury UniversityLoyola Marymount University

Community CollegesCerritos College Los Angeles Harbor CollegeCitrus College Los Angeles Mission CollegeCoastline Community College Los Angeles Pierce CollegeCollege of the Canyons Los Angeles Southwest CollegeCypress College Los Angeles Trade and Technical CollegeEast Los Angeles College Los Angeles Valley CollegeEl Camino College Moorpark CollegeFashion Institute of Design and Orange Coast College Merchandising, Los Angeles Pasadena City CollegeFashion Institute of Design and Rio Hondo College Merchandising, Orange County Saddleback CollegeFullerton College Santa Monica CollegeGlendale Community College Santiago Canyon CollegeGolden West College West Los Angeles CollegeIrvine Valley CollegeLos Angeles City College


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Why did we write this report?

First, understanding the size and contribution of the creative industries to the region’s economy is a critical first step toward enabling greater coordination of resources and services to support those industries. This could include regional policies that support the creative industries infrastructure, improve access to financial investment and business support programs and in turn, ensure the sustainability of the arts and cultural assets.


HOW TO USE THIS REPORT


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69

It may also be used for other purposes, among them:

To justify increased emphasis on creative economy career paths through technical and university institution. To leverage the creative industries to increase the competitiveness of other businesses where innovation in design and aesthetic content are critical to market share.

To develop strategies for attracting and retaining creative talent.

To develop marketing and branding to promote creative assets both to businesses and as cultural tourism.

To develop a support and networking structure that includes convening leadership and building collaborative connections across industries.

70

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W T

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SE

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NOTES ON METHODOLOGY AND DATA In 2007, Otis College of Art and Design commissioned the LAEDC to undertake the first comprehensive analysis of the creative economy in the Los Angeles region and evaluate its contribution to the overall regional economy. The Otis Report on the Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region has been produced every year since then.

In 2013, however, the research methodology was changed in three ways. The first two changes involve changes in the definition of the creative economy. First, additional sub-sectors within the creative industries were added to the existing creative industries. Second, a new sector was added: publishing and printing. Both of these changes better align the creative industry definitions used in this research with the definitions that are increasingly being adopted elsewhere in the literature.

The creative sectors or industries in this report encompass the following twelve areas:

Architecture and interior design Art galleries Arts education Communications arts Digital media Entertainment Fashion Furniture and home furnishings Product and industrial design Publishing and printing Toys Visual and performing arts


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The data collected for this report includes employment, the number of establishments, payroll activity, and other measures for all the creative economy’s component sectors in California, which come from the following sources:

U.S. Bureau of the Census U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics California Employment Development Department California Department of Education Internal Revenue Service

Much of the industry-level information in this report comes directly from the California Employment Development Department’s Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) series. These data are based on unemployment tax payments that all firms with employees are required to make into the state unemployment insurance fund. Because the coverage is so comprehensive, this source is the best available for employment and wage information.

The third change relates to data used in the contribution analysis component of this study. As in recent years, the IMPLAN model was used to assess the economic contribution of the creative industries to the overall economy. In conceptual terms, economic contribution analysis evaluates the ripple effect of a specific economic activity throughout the rest of the economy. Contribution analysis captures the direct impact as well as the indirect and induced impacts of that activity on employment, output, and taxes.12

However, in a departure from past years, beginning in 2013, the contribution analysis began using employment and payroll data from the QCEW, rather than estimated sales, shipments, and revenues that were based on data from the Economic Census.

Because the definitions used in this study were expanded and because the method-ology has been altered from previous years, the figures contained in this report are not directly comparable to studies conducted by OTIS and the LAEDC prior to 2013.

Note: Statistical information contained herein has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable but such accuracy cannot be guaranteed.

12 Direct employees are the people working in the industry. Indirect employees work for firms in the supplier indus-tries. Induced employment results from household spending that stems from increases in direct and indirect employment.


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STATISTICAL APPENDIX


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Industry Establishments Jobs

Labor Income

($millions)Nonemployer Estab. (2012)

Output ($billions) Total Jobs

Labor Income

($millions)2Taxes*

($millions)Architecture/Interior Design 712 5,300 $397.1 1,713 $1.2 8,200 $556.6 $41.7Art Galleries 45 200 $5.8 205 0.0 200 7.3 1.5Communication Arts 623 4,100 $273.8 8,226 0.9 5,700 360.1 36.5Digital Media 110 5,200 $647.2 --- 4.3 16,800 1,251.8 116.2Entertainment 181 2,400 $58.4 1,531 0.4 1,500 93.2 9.8Fashion 669 11,000 $564.5 1,408 3.2 16,600 892.7 207.3Furniture/Decorative Arts 445 6,600 $305.7 498 1.8 9,400 469.7 92.4Product/Industrial Design 52 400 $42.4 --- 0.1 600 54.2 4.7Publishing and Printing 712 12,400 $668.9 1,424 3.2 18,900 1,048.1 91.2Toys 47 500 $35.8 115 0.2 700 52.4 16.7Visual and Performing Arts 294 2,300 $87.3 8,853 0.3 3,000 121.5 10.7Fine and Performing Arts Schools 126 1,000 $21.0 --- 0.1 1,200 31.2 3.0Total 4,016 51,300 $3,107.8 23,973 $15.6 82,700 $4,938.8 $631.7

*Property, state and local personal income taxes and sales taxes generated by earnings and spending of the direct and indirect workers.Details may not add to totals due to roundingSources: California EDD, QCEW data; Bureau of the Census; indirect contributions estimated by LAEDC


TABLE 23: Economic Contribution of the Creative Industries, Los Angeles County, 2013

TABLE 24: Economic Contribution of the Creative Industries, Orange County, 2013

Source: California EDD, QCEW data; Bureau of the Census; indirect contributions estimated by LAEDC

Source: California EDD, QCEW data; Bureau of the Census; indirect contributions estimated by LAEDC

* Property, state and local personal income taxes and sales taxes generated by earnings and spending of the direct and indirect workers. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.

* Property, state and local personal income taxes and sales taxes generated by earnings and spending of the direct and indirect workers. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.

Industry Establishments Jobs

Labor Income

($millions)Nonemployer Estab. (2012)

Output ($billions) Total Jobs

Labor Income

($Millions)2Taxes*

($millions)Architecture/Interior Design 1,630 10,300 $790.2 4,748 $2.5 16,800 $1,126.1 $85.9Art Galleries 210 800 48.9 655 0.1 1,000 61.2 9.1Communication Arts 2,098 20,000 1,923.1 26,166 5.4 31,300 2,504.6 224.7Digital Media 177 5,800 882.2 --- 4.8 20,600 1,628.6 148.0Entertainment 5,769 132,700 13,678.2 19,443 58.1 241,200 19,179.7 1,666.9Fashion 6,477 89,900 3,642.6 6,660 25.8 139,400 6,442.8 1,566.3Furniture/Decorative Arts 1,574 28,600 1,232.8 1,637 8.0 42,300 1,998.6 453.5Product/Industrial Design 100 400 24.6 --- 0.1 600 34.3 3.8Publishing and Printing 1,906 30,700 2,138.6 4,299 8.8 51,300 3,263.3 276.7Toys 234 4,700 534.7 402 2.3 8,700 748.3 170.6Visual and Performing Arts 8,084 28,000 5,362.7 73,212 7.9 54,600 6,724.7 444.6Fine and Performing Arts Schools 411 3,700 115.5 --- 0.3 4,600 162.9 14.1Total 28,670 355,600 $30,374.0 137,222 $124.2 612,400 $43,875.2 $5,064.3

*Property, state and local personal income taxes and sales taxes generated by earnings and spending of the direct and indirect workers.Details may not add to totals due to roundingSources: California EDD, QCEW data; Bureau of the Census; indirect contributions estimated by LAEDC



1 IN 7 JOBS



salary employment

L.A.O.C.


NAICSCreative Industry Code 2008 2013 Number Percent

Architecture and Interior Design: 14.3 10.3 -4.0 -27.9%Architectural Services 54131 9.0 6.7 -2.4 -26.2%

Landscape Design 54132 1.1 0.7 -0.4 -34.8%Drafting Services 541340 0.3 0.2 -0.1 -19.5%

Interior Design 54141 2.4 1.7 -0.7 -29.8%Ornamental & Architectural Metal Work Mfg. 332323 1.4 0.9 -0.4 -31.6%

Art Galleries: 45392 1.0 0.8 -0.2 -22.6%Communication Arts: 20.6 20.0 -0.6 -3.1%

Graphic Design 54143 5.4 4.3 -1.1 -20.7%Advertising Agencies 54181 12.6 13.5 0.9 7.1%

Photography Studios, Portrait 541921 2.0 1.5 -0.5 -23.4%Commercial Photography 541922 0.6 0.6 0.0 6.6%

Digital Media: 5.4 5.8 0.5 8.6%Software Publishers 5112 5.4 5.8 0.5 8.6%

Entertainment: 143.1 132.7 -10.4 -7.3%Motion Picture/Video Production 51211 110.4 101.8 -8.6 -7.8%

Motion Picture Distribution 51212 2.2 1.9 -0.3 -11.9%Post Production Services 51219 9.2 8.4 -0.8 -8.6%

Sound Recording 5122 3.3 2.6 -0.7 -22.4%Radio Stations 515112 2.1 2.1 0.0 -1.9%

Television Broadcasting 515120 9.2 11.4 2.2 23.7%Cable Broadcasting 5152 6.7 4.6 -2.1 -31.7%

Fashion: 98.0 89.9 -8.1 -8.2%Textile Mills Manufacturing 313 9.1 7.0 -2.1 -23.4%

Apparel Manufacturing 315 55.0 46.1 -8.9 -16.2%Apparel Wholesaling 4243 20.7 23.8 3.1 15.1%

Footwear Manufacturing 3162 0.7 0.5 -0.2 -25.9%Footwear Wholesaling 42434 3.0 2.8 -0.1 -4.1%

Women's Handbag Manufacturing 316992 0.0 0.1 0.0 76.5%Cosmetics Manufacturing 32562 4.9 4.7 -0.3 -5.4%

Jewelry Manufacturing 33991 1.7 1.7 0.1 3.9%Jewelry Wholesaling 42394 4.3 4.5 0.2 4.6%

Other Specialized Design Svc 54149 1.6 1.6 0.0 -2.3%Furniture and Decorative Arts: 36.2 28.6 -7.6 -21.0%

Textile Product Mills 314 5.8 4.6 -1.2 -21.4%Furniture Manufacturing 337 18.0 13.6 -4.3 -24.0%

Furniture Wholesaling 4232 8.7 7.9 -0.8 -9.4%Electric Lighting Fixtures 33512 3.1 2.1 -1.0 -31.3%

China Plumbing Fixtures, China, Earthenware Mfg. 327111 0.0 0.0 0.0 ----Other China, Fine Earthenware & Pottery Mfg. 327112 0.0 0.0 0.0 ----

Pressed & Blown Glass & Glassware Mfg. 327212 0.2 0.1 -0.1 -36.4%Other Misc. Nonmetallic Mineral Product Mfg. 327999 0.5 0.3 -0.2 -39.4%

Product/Industrial Design: 54142 0.7 0.4 -0.3 -37.6%Publishing and Printing: 38.7 30.7 -8.0 -20.8%

Printing and Related Suport Activities 3231 17.8 13.4 -8.2 -24.7%Book, Periodical, Newspaper Wholesalers 424920 1.3 0.7 -0.6 -46.3%

Newspaper Publishers 511110 4.7 3.0 -1.7 -36.8%Periodical Publishers 511120 5.9 3.7 -2.2 -36.8%

Book Publishers 511130 0.8 0.5 -0.3 -36.4%Greeting Card Publishers 511191 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -100.0%

All Other Publishers 511199 0.6 0.0 -0.6 -100.0%Libraries and Archives 519120 0.9 1.1 0.2 19.1%

Internet Publishing & Broadcasting 519130 6.7 8.3 1.6 23.4%Toys: 6.0 4.7 -1.3 -21.0%

Toy Manufacturing 33993 2.2 1.7 -0.6 -25.3%Toy Wholesaling 42392 3.8 3.1 -0.7 -18.5%

Visual and Performing Arts Providers: 26.0 28.0 2.0 7.6%Theater Companies 71111 2.2 2.0 -0.2 -8.3%Dance Companies 71112 0.1 0.1 0.0 -23.5%

Musical Groups 71113 3.3 2.9 -0.4 -10.7%Other Performing Arts Cos. 71119 0.2 0.1 0.0 -13.9%

Agents & Managers of Artists, etc. 71141 6.3 7.6 1.3 20.6%Independent Artists, Writers, etc. 71151 10.1 11.3 1.1 11.1%

Museums 71211 3.8 3.9 0.1 3.7%Musical Instrument Manufacturing 339992 0.0 0.0 0.0 ---

Fine and Performing Arts Schools 3.2 3.7 0.5 14.6%Fine and Performing Arts Schools 61161 3.2 3.7 0.5 14.6%

393.2 355.6 -37.6 -9.6%

Source: California EDD, Labor Market Information Division, QCEW data

Avg. Number of Jobs (1,000s) 2008-2013 Change

TOTAL

TABLE 25: Creative Industries Employment, Los Angeles County, 2008 – 2013


1 IN 7 JOBS



salary employment

L.A.O.C.


TABLE 26: Los Angeles County Creative Industries Employment Year-to-Year Comparisons, 2008 – 2013

Source: California EDD, LMD, QCEW Series

NAICSCreative Industry Code

Architecture and Interior Design: 14.3 11.3 10.0 9.8 10.1 10.3 -1.9% -20.8% -11.6% -2.4% 3.2% 2.3%Architectural Sevices 54131 9.0 7.1 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.7 1.3% -21.9% -10.8% 1.0% 2.4% 2.3%

Landscape Design 54132 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 -23.4% -13.2% -13.7% -10.6% 3.3% -5.8%Drafting Services 541340 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 -8.4% -13.4% 2.3% 0.0% -7.4% -2.0%

Interior Design 54141 2.4 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 2.7% -27.6% -17.8% 3.0% 6.1% 8.0%Ornamental & Architectural Metal Work Mfg. 332323 1.4 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 -6.0% -9.8% -9.0% -22.5% 7.4% 0.2%

Art Galleries: 45392 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 -8.0% -17.6% -15.7% 3.9% 1.3% 5.9%Communication Arts: 20.6 18.4 17.5 18.7 19.7 20.0 1.0% -10.7% -5.1% 7.0% 5.5% 1.3%

Graphic Design 54143 5.4 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.3 -4.0% -20.2% -5.9% 3.9% 5.2% -3.3%Advertising Agencies 54181 12.6 11.8 11.3 12.3 13.1 13.5 4.4% -6.5% -4.5% 9.2% 5.9% 3.6%

Photography Studios, Portrait 541921 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5 -5.0% -10.7% -6.6% -0.4% 3.2% -10.6%Commercial Photography 541922 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 2.2% -15.2% -9.9% 6.7% 5.9% 23.6%

Digital Media: 5.4 5.8 5.3 5.1 5.5 5.8 -20.9% 8.4% -9.6% -2.4% 6.6% 6.6%Software Publishers 5112 5.4 5.8 5.3 5.1 5.5 5.8 -20.9% 8.4% -9.6% -2.4% 6.6% 6.6%

Entertainment: 143.1 129.6 131.4 133.6 132.9 132.7 0.5% -9.4% 1.4% 1.6% -0.5% -0.2%Motion Picture/Video Production 51211 110.4 98.4 100.8 102.1 100.5 101.8 1.9% -10.9% 2.4% 1.3% -1.5% 1.2%

Motion Picture Distribution 51212 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.0 1.8 1.9 2.4% 11.2% -6.1% -13.2% -6.5% 3.9%Post Production Services 51219 9.2 8.6 8.9 9.1 9.1 8.4 7.9% -6.9% 4.0% 2.2% -0.5% -7.1%

Sound Recording 5122 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.3 2.6 -35.2% -6.0% -4.1% 1.7% 7.6% -21.5%Radio Stations 515112 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.4 2.5 2.1 -2.1% 0.8% -4.2% 18.6% 3.8% -17.4%

Television Broadcasting 515120 9.2 8.8 10.2 10.7 10.6 11.4 3.4% -4.3% 15.7% 5.3% -1.1% 7.3%Cable Broadcasting 5152 6.7 6.3 4.3 4.3 5.1 4.6 -6.0% -6.7% -32.0% 0.5% 19.6% -10.4%

Fashion: 98.0 84.3 87.0 85.6 86.9 89.9 -1.3% -14.0% 3.2% -1.6% 1.5% 3.5%Textile Mills Manufacturing 313 9.1 7.7 7.2 6.9 6.7 7.0 -4.4% -16.0% -5.6% -4.8% -2.0% 3.5%

Apparel Manufacturing 315 55.0 48.1 47.7 45.5 45.6 46.1 -2.7% -12.5% -0.9% -4.5% 0.2% 1.1%Apparel Wholesaling 4243 20.7 17.2 20.5 21.1 22.1 23.8 5.1% -16.9% 19.2% 3.0% 4.7% 7.5%

Footwear Manufacturing 3162 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 -11.9% -19.3% 0.9% 13.8% -2.9% -17.6%Footwear Wholesaling 42434 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.8 -0.6% -8.7% -2.8% -1.1% 2.5% 6.6%

Women's Handbag Manufacturing 316992 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 -93.6% 466.7% -11.8% 26.7% 152.6% 25.0%Cosmetics Manufacturing 32562 4.9 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.7 0.5% -14.7% -0.6% 2.5% 4.7% 3.9%

Jewelry Manufacturing 33991 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 -15.1% -20.8% 13.9% 7.0% 2.7% 4.9%Jewelry Wholesaling 42394 4.3 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.5 -5.4% -9.6% 0.2% 4.3% 4.2% 6.4%

Other Specialized Design Svc 54149 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.6 17.5% -16.9% 6.1% 4.1% -5.8% 13.4%Furniture & Decorative Arts: 36.2 29.0 26.8 27.0 27.3 28.6 -9.9% -19.9% -7.6% 0.8% 0.9% 5.1%

Textile Product Mills 314 5.8 4.6 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.6 -4.2% -20.8% -10.3% -5.0% 1.9% 14.3%Furniture Manufacturing 337 18.0 13.9 12.9 13.0 13.1 13.6 -15.5% -22.7% -7.4% 1.1% 1.0% 3.9%

Furniture Wholesaling 4232 8.7 7.5 7.2 7.5 7.6 7.9 -5.6% -13.8% -4.1% 3.3% 1.6% 4.5%Electric Lighting Fixtures 33512 3.1 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 3.3% -20.7% -6.2% -2.7% -3.7% -1.4%

China Plumbing Fixtures, China, Earthenware 327111 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---Other China, Fine Earthenware & Pottery Mfg. 327112 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---

Pressed & Blown Glass & Glassware Mfg. 327212 0.2 0.2 ---- 0.1 0.1 0.1 -7.5% -9.2% ---- ---- -1.7% -6.0%Other Misc. Nonmetallic Mineral Product Mfg. 327999 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 -2.0% -15.4% -20.7% -7.1% -1.3% -1.4%

Product/Industrial Design: 54142 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.4 0.4 -7.7% -10.7% 11.6% 20.2% -47.9% 0.2%Publishing and Printing: 38.7 34.2 30.5 30.7 30.8 30.7 -2.2% -11.6% -10.9% 0.8% 0.2% -0.5%

Printing and Related Support Activities 3231 17.8 15.6 13.8 14.4 13.6 13.4 -8.5% -12.4% -11.1% 4.2% -5.5% -1.8%Book, Periodical, Newspaper Wholesalers 424920 1.3 1.6 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 32.8% 21.6% -41.8% -1.7% -3.8% -19.7%

Newspaper Publishers 511110 4.7 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.0 -9.1% -25.8% -6.5% -2.7% 0.3% -6.7%Periodical Publishers 511120 5.9 5.1 4.6 3.8 3.9 3.7 -5.5% -12.5% -10.9% -16.5% 1.1% -3.8%

Book Publishers 511130 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 26.2% -14.2% -18.3% -3.8% -3.6% -2.2%Greeting Card Publishers 511191 0.1 0.0 ---- ---- ---- ---- -10.9% -47.4% ---- ---- ---- ----

All Other Publishers 511199 0.6 0.4 ---- ---- ---- ---- 2.2% -34.7% ---- ---- ---- ----Libraries and Archives 519120 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.1 4.3% -1.9% -3.4% 3.4% -6.4% 29.8%

Internet Publishing & Broadcasting 519130 6.7 6.5 6.5 7.0 7.9 8.3 19.1% -3.9% 0.3% 8.0% 13.0% 5.1%Toys: 6.0 4.7 4.5 4.3 4.5 4.7 -4.3% -20.8% -4.9% -3.7% 3.8% 4.9%

Toy Manufacturing 33993 2.2 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8% -33.0% -3.6% 3.3% 7.9% 3.9%Toy Wholesaling 42392 3.8 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.9 3.1 -7.5% -13.6% -5.5% -6.9% 1.7% 5.5%

Visual and Performing Arts Providers: 26.0 25.5 24.7 26.2 27.4 28.0 -0.3% -1.9% -3.1% 6.1% 4.6% 2.2%Theater Companies 71111 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.0 50.9% -9.1% -3.3% 1.2% 5.9% -2.7%Dance Companies 71112 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 17.4% -9.6% -32.0% 8.4% 6.7% 8.3%

Musical Groups 71113 3.3 3.0 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.9 -7.2% -8.1% -11.8% 5.4% 3.2% 1.4%Other Performing Arts Cos. 71119 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 44.7% -17.6% -9.6% 31.7% 0.6% -12.9%

Agents & Managers of Artists, etc. 71141 6.3 6.5 6.4 6.9 7.3 7.6 -0.7% 3.9% -1.5% 6.7% 6.1% 4.5%Independent Artists, Writers, etc. 71151 10.1 9.7 9.5 10.6 11.0 11.3 -2.6% -3.7% -2.7% 11.7% 4.1% 2.4%

Museums 71211 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.9 3.9 1.3% -4.6% 0.8% 2.4% 3.8% 1.4%Musical Instrument Manufacturing 339992 0.0 0.3 0.3 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 4.3% ---- ---- ----

Fine and Performing Arts Schools: 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.7 0.2% -2.3% 5.6% 5.2% 0.1% 5.4%Fine and Performing Arts Schools 61161 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.7 0.2% -2.3% 5.6% 5.2% 0.1% 5.4%

Source: California EDD, LMID, QCEW Series

TOTAL -1.8% -11.6% -1.5%393.2 347.5 342.3 346.1 349.6 355.6 1.0% 1.7%

2008 2009 2010 20112008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

1.1%

2012 2013


1 IN 7 JOBS



salary employment

L.A.O.C.


TABLE 27: Creative Industries Employment, Orange County, 2008 – 2013

NAICS

Creative Industry Code 2008 2013 Number PercentArchitecture and Interior Design: 6.8 5.3 -1.5 -21.7%

Architectural Services 54131 4.1 2.9 -1.2 -28.5%Landscape Design 54132 1.4 0.8 -0.6 -42.4%

Drafting Services 541340 0.1 0.1 0.0 -37.6%Interior Design 54141 0.8 0.9 0.1 16.1%

Ornamental Architectural Metal Work Mfg. 332323 0.4 0.6 0.2 44.4%Art Galleries: 45392 0.3 0.2 -0.2 -50.3%Communication Arts: 4.8 4.1 -0.6 -13.3%

Graphic Design 54143 1.3 0.9 -0.4 -34.1%Advertising Agencies 54181 2.6 2.7 0.1 3.0%

Photography Studios, Portrait 541921 0.6 0.4 -0.2 -31.5%Commercial Photography 541922 0.2 0.1 -0.1 -38.3%

Digital Media: 4.2 5.2 1.0 23.9%Software Publishers 5112 4.2 5.2 1.0 23.9%

Entertainment: 2.6 2.4 -0.2 -6.6%Motion Picture/Video Production 51211 0.7 0.7 0.0 -1.9%

Motion Picture Distribution 51212 0.0 0.0 0.0 ---Post-Production Services 51219 0.1 0.1 0.0 -38.6%

Sound Recording 5122 0.1 0.1 0.0 7.9%Radio Stations 515112 0.5 0.4 -0.1 -21.2%

Television Broadcasting 515120 0.0 0.0 0.0 ---Cable Broadcasting 5152 1.2 1.1 -0.1 -4.4%

Fashion: 12.6 11.0 -1.7 -13.1%Textile Mills Manufacturing 313 0.8 0.7 -0.1 -14.1%

Apparel Manufacturing 315 8.0 5.4 -2.6 -32.6%Apparel Wholesaling 4243 2.6 3.5 0.9 34.3%

Footwear Manufacturing 3162 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -100.0%Footwear Wholesaling 42434 0.6 0.7 0.1 12.6%

Cosmetics Manufacturing 32562 0.3 0.4 0.1 28.6%Jewelry Manufacturing 33991 0.2 0.1 -0.1 -48.6%

Jewelry Wholesaling 42394 0.3 0.4 0.1 31.1%Other Specialized Design Svc 54149 0.3 0.4 0.2 63.4%

Furniture & Decorative Arts: 10.8 6.6 -4.3 -39.4%Textile Product Mills 314 2.1 1.3 -0.8 -37.8%

Furniture Manufacturing 337 5.2 3.7 -1.5 -29.0%Furniture Wholesaling 4232 1.6 1.5 -0.1 -7.0%

Electric Lighting Fixtures 33512 1.6 0.0 -1.6 -100.0%China Plumbing Fixtures, China Earthenware Mfg. 327111 0.0 0.0 0.0 ---

Other China, Fine Earthenware & Pottery Mfg. 327112 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -100.0%Pressed & Blown Glass & Glassware Mfg. 327212 0.0 0.0 0.0 -43.2%

Other Misc. Nonmetallic Mineral Product Mfg. 327999 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -100.0%Product/Industrial Design: 54142 0.5 0.4 -0.1 -21.6%Publishing and Printing: 15.0 12.4 -2.7 -17.7%

Printing and Related Support Activities 3231 8.1 7.4 -0.8 -9.3%Book, Periodical, Newspaper Wholesalers 424920 0.3 0.2 -0.1 -38.6%

Newspaper Publishers 511110 2.4 1.6 -0.8 -34.3%Periodical Publishers 511120 1.8 1.0 -0.8 -43.7%

Book Publishers 511130 1.2 0.5 -0.7 -62.3%Greeting Card Publishers 511191 0.0 0.0 0.0 ---

All Other Publishers 511199 0.0 0.0 0.0 ---Libraries and Archives 519120 0.1 0.1 0.0 64.7%

Internet Publishing & Broadcasting 519130 1.1 1.7 0.6 49.7%Toys: 0.7 0.5 -0.2 -32.0%

Toy Manufacturing 33993 0.1 0.1 0.0 8.7%Toy Wholesaling 42392 0.6 0.4 -0.2 -39.2%

Visual and Performing Arts Providers: 2.6 2.3 -0.2 -9.3%Theater Companies 71111 0.8 0.9 0.1 9.7%Dance Companies 71112 0.0 0.0 0.0 ---

Musical Groups 71113 0.3 0.2 -0.1 -26.8%Other Performing Arts Cos. 71119 0.0 0.0 0.0 ---

Agents & Managers of Artists, etc. 71141 0.1 0.1 0.0 -25.7%Independent Artists, Writers, etc. 71151 0.8 0.6 -0.2 -23.2%

Museums 71211 0.4 0.4 0.0 6.4%Musical Instrument Manufacturing 339992 0.2 0.2 -0.1 -25.1%

Fine and Performing Arts Schools: 0.8 1.0 0.2 19.6%Fine and Performing Arts Schools 61161 0.8 1.0 0.2 19.6%

TOTAL 61.7 51.3 -10.4 -16.9%

Source: California EDD, Labor Market Information Division, ES202 data

Avg. Number of Jobs (1,000s) 2008-2013 Change

Source: California EDD, Labor Market Information Division, ES202 data


1 IN 7 JOBS



salary employment

L.A.O.C.


TABLE 28: Orange County Creative Industries Employment Year-to-Year Comparisons, 2008 – 2013


NAICSCreative Industry Code

Architecture and Interior Design: 6.8 5.0 4.7 5.1 5.5 5.3 -14.2% -25.9% -6.9% 8.9% 7.8% -3.4%Architectural Sevices 54131 4.1 2.8 2.7 2.9 3.1 2.9 -14.4% -32.5% -2.8% 9.0% 7.3% -7.1%

Landscape Design 54132 1.4 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.8 -9.9% -24.1% -17.1% 17.5% -1.5% -21.0%Drafting Services 541340 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 -5.6% -20.8% 2.5% -31.7% 0.0% 12.5%

Interior Design 54141 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 -23.9% -6.4% -1.8% 3.7% 1.0% 21.2%Ornamental & Architectural Metal Work Mfg. 332323 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 -6.6% -5.7% -18.6% 6.2% 53.1% 15.7%

Art Galleries 45392 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 -14.1% -17.3% -46.2% -1.4% 2.8% 10.1%Communication Arts: 4.8 3.9 3.8 3.7 4.1 4.1 -7.5% -18.5% -1.8% -3.8% 9.8% 1.5%

Graphic Design 54143 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 -11.2% -16.7% -7.8% -7.7% -7.0% 0.0%Advertising Agencies 54181 2.6 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.6 2.7 -7.1% -19.0% 1.8% 0.7% 18.5% 4.8%

Photography Studios, Portrait 541921 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 -9.2% -12.2% -5.1% -8.9% -0.2% -9.6%Commercial Photography 541922 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 -4.6% -22.2% 1.5% -26.5% 22.7% -13.4%

Digital Media: 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.9 5.1 5.2 27.3% 3.8% 3.0% 9.0% 5.8% 0.3%Software Publishers 5112 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.9 5.1 5.2 27.3% 3.8% 3.0% 9.0% 5.8% 0.3%

Entertainment: 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.4 0.8% -1.0% -5.8% -5.6% 2.4% 3.5%Motion Picture/Video Production 51211 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 11.0% -7.0% -8.8% 7.0% 11.9% -3.4%

Motion Picture Distribution 51212 --- --- --- 0.0 0.0 0.0 --- --- --- --- 50.0% 20.8%Post Production Services 51219 0.1 0.1 --- 0.1 0.1 0.1 --- --- --- --- 9.8% -7.5%

Sound Recording 5122 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 -23.6% -32.5% 8.2% -10.9% 14.6% 44.7%Radio Stations 515112 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.4 2.8% -3.5% -1.6% -54.7% -0.9% 84.8%

Television Broadcasting 515120 --- --- 0.2 0.2 --- --- --- --- --- 10.6% --- ---Cable Broadcasting 5152 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.1 --- 10.2% -14.6% 0.3% 12.1% ---

Fashion: 12.6 10.1 10.6 10.2 10.6 11.0 -8.6% -20.3% 4.9% -3.1% 3.8% 3.4%Textile Mills Manufacturing 313 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 -9.1% -8.0% -8.2% 9.8% -0.3% -6.2%

Apparel Manufacturing 315 8.0 6.7 5.9 5.6 5.6 5.4 -9.9% -15.9% -12.0% -4.6% -1.2% -3.3%Apparel Wholesaling 4243 2.6 1.7 3.1 2.9 3.0 3.5 -7.4% -34.4% 78.9% -6.7% 3.5% 18.4%

Footwear Manufacturing 3162 0.1 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---Footwear Wholesaling 42434 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 -1.6% 2.8% 7.9% -9.4% -3.0% 15.5%

Women's Handbag Manufacturing 316992 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---Cosmetics Manufacturing 32562 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 -2.1% -20.8% -8.6% 14.6% 59.2% -2.6%

Jewelry Manufacturing 33991 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 -17.0% -21.0% -20.9% -14.5% -3.2% -1.1%Jewelry Wholesaling 42394 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 -35.8% -9.8% -16.3% 14.7% 37.0% 10.2%

Other Specialized Design Svc 54149 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 44.1% -24.0% 43.7% 13.5% 30.4% 1.8%Furniture & Decorative Arts: 10.8 9.0 8.0 7.9 7.5 6.6 0.1% -16.9% -10.8% -1.4% -4.8% -12.9%

Textile Product Mills 314 2.1 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.3 11.4% -12.6% -12.7% -13.0% -5.2% -1.2%Furniture Manufacturing 337 5.2 4.0 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.7 -5.7% -23.7% -8.9% 4.9% -1.4% -1.2%

Furniture Wholesaling 4232 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 -9.6% -11.8% 3.7% 1.4% 2.2% -1.8%Electric Lighting Fixtures 33512 1.6 1.3 0.9 0.9 0.9 --- 15.3% -18.5% -29.0% -3.3% -0.8% ---

China Plumbing Fixtures, China, Earthenware 327111 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---Other China, Fine Earthenware & Pottery Mfg. 327112 0.1 0.1 0.0 --- --- --- --- -35.4% -23.5% --- --- ---

Pressed & Blown Glass & Glassware Mfg. 327212 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -13.7% -25.0% 0.0% -6.1% -41.9% 38.9%Other Misc. Nonmetallic Mineral Product Mfg. 327999 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 --- --- -5.9% 165.6% -11.5% -10.3% --- ---

Product/Industrial Design 54142 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 4.0% -18.7% -7.8% -24.2% -5.4% 45.9%Publishing and Printing: 15.0 13.6 12.6 12.1 12.2 12.4 -1.4% -9.5% -7.1% -4.2% 0.6% 1.6%

Printing and Related Support Activities 3231 8.1 7.5 7.5 7.4 7.5 7.4 -0.7% -8.1% 0.3% -1.3% 1.2% -1.5%Book, Periodical, Newspaper Wholesalers 424920 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 12.6% -48.4% -16.0% 51.0% -10.4% 4.5%

Newspaper Publishers 511110 2.4 1.8 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.6 -6.0% -22.6% -24.0% -7.3% 2.7% 17.3%Periodical Publishers 511120 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.0 -13.3% -11.0% -12.5% -10.0% -14.1% -6.5%

Book Publishers 511130 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 13.5% -35.0% -43.2% -2.7% -0.2% 5.3%Greeting Card Publishers 511191 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

All Other Publishers 511199 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---Libraries and Archives 519120 0.1 0.0 0.0 ---- 0.0 0.1 -1.9% -37.3% -28.1% --- --- 90.9%

Internet Publishing & Broadcasting 519130 1.1 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.7 9.5% 51.7% 1.6% -13.5% 7.3% 4.7%Toys: 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 10.3% -21.5% -1.9% -7.2% -6.5% 1.8%

Toy Manufacturing 33993 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 3.0% -22.3% 2.5% 13.4% 0.0% 20.4%Toy Wholesaling 42392 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 11.7% -21.3% -2.6% -11.0% -8.1% -3.0%

Visual and Performing Arts Providers: 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.3 0.0% -3.0% -2.4% 4.0% 1.2% -8.9%Theater Companies 71111 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 2.1% -3.2% -3.7% 17.0% 3.3% -2.7%Dance Companies 71112 --- --- --- --- 0.1 --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

Musical Groups 71113 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 19.8% -4.1% -5.6% -18.7% -15.6% 19.0%Other Performing Arts Cos. 71119 --- 0.1 0.1 --- 0.0 --- --- --- 3.1% --- --- ---

Agents & Managers of Artists, etc. 71141 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 -9.1% -15.7% 0.0% 8.5% -25.0% 8.3%Independent Artists, Writers, etc. 71151 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.6 -10.9% -9.0% -1.5% 11.5% -5.0% -19.0%

Museums 71211 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 11.7% -2.3% 3.7% 4.3% 6.3% -5.3%Musical Instrument Manufacturing 339992 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5% -20.8% -12.8% 10.5% -0.6% -1.3%

Fine and Performing Arts Schools 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.8% 5.4% -0.6% -2.0% 8.9% 6.9%Fine and Performing Arts Schools 61161 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.8% 5.4% -0.6% -2.0% 8.9% 6.9%


TOTAL -3.0% -14.0% -4.0%61.7 53.1 51.0 50.5 51.7 51.3 2.5% -0.9%

2008 2009 2010 20112008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

-1.0%

2012 2013


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L.A.O.C.


TABLE 29: Los Angeles County Employment by Creative Occupation, 2008 – 2013

Occupational Title SOC Code 2008 2013 Number PercentManagement Occupations: 11,340 10,920 -420 -3.7%

Advertising and Promotions Managers 11-2011 1,680 1,610 -70 -4.2% $133,320 1.88 Bachelor's DegreeMarketing Managers 11-2021 8,010 7,360 -650 -8.1% $129,190 1.41 Bachelor's Degree

Public Relations and Fundraising Managers 11-2031 1,650 1,950 300 18.2% $94,660 1.21 Bachelor's DegreeBusiness and Financial Operations Occupations: 2,940 3,590 650 22.1%

Agents and Business Managers of Artists, etc. 13-1011 2,940 3,590 650 22.1% $89,750 10.27 Bachelor's DegreeComputer and Mathematical Occupations: ** 28,690 --- ---

Software Developers, Applications 15-1132 ** 15,660 --- --- $98,700 0.81 Bachelor's DegreeSoftware Developers, System Software 15-1133 ** 13,030 --- --- $114,980 1.16 Bachelor's Degree

Architecture and Engineering Occupations: 8,070 6,110 -1,960 -24.3%Architects, Except Landscape and Naval 17-1011 3,010 3,270 260 8.6% $81,380 1.30 Bachelor's Degree

Landscape Architects 17-1012 ** 230 --- --- $76,590 0.47 Bachelor's DegreeArchitectural and Civil Drafters 17-3011 5,060 2,610 -2,450 -48.4% $56,130 0.98 Associate Degree

Education, Training and Library Operations: 14,090 14,250 160 1.1%Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1031 130 ** --- --- $66,590 * Doctoral/Professional Degree

Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1061 150 140 -10 -6.7% $86,770 0.78 Doctoral/Professional DegreeArea, Ethnic and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1062 150 230 80 53.3% $75,160 0.79 Doctoral/Professional Degree

Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1082 60 50 -10 -16.7% $96,050 0.34 Doctoral/Professional DegreeArt, Drama and Music Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1121 3,330 3,670 340 10.2% $70,320 1.32 Doctoral/Professional Degree

Communications Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1122 630 970 340 54.0% $78,790 1.08 Doctoral/Professional DegreeEnglish Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1123 2,030 1,800 -230 -11.3% $73,140 0.80 Doctoral/Professional DegreeForeign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1124 1,160 1,290 130 11.2% $66,540 1.41 Doctoral/Professional Degree

History Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1125 380 370 -10 -2.6% $74,910 0.52 Doctoral/Professional DegreeArchivists 25-4011 70 280 210 300.0% $44,620 1.66 ---

Curators 25-4012 410 290 -120 -29.3% $65,350 0.88 Masters DegreeMuseum Technicians and Conservators 25-4013 350 430 80 22.9% $48,330 1.46 Bachelor's Degree

Librarians 25-4021 2,750 2,530 -220 -8.0% $71,350 0.62 Masters DegreeLibrary Technicians 25-4031 2,360 1,940 -420 -17.8% $41,650 0.67 Post Secondary/Non-degree Award

Audio-Visual and Multimedia Collections Specialists 25-9011 130 260 130 100.0% $46,520 0.98 Bachelor's DegreeArt, Design, Entertainment and Media Occupations: 111,780 114,470 2,690 2.4%

Art Directors 27-1011 3,450 2,970 -480 -13.9% $130,700 3.07 Bachelor's DegreeCraft Artists 27-1012 ** 370 --- --- $64,080 2.63 HS Diploma or Equivalent

Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors and Illustrators 27-1013 570 1,970 1,400 245.6% $58,370 5.50 HS Diploma or EquivalentMultimedia Artists and Animators 27-1014 6,260 6,660 400 6.4% $84,290 7.21 Bachelor's Degree

Artists and Related Workers, All Other 27-1019 570 140 -430 -75.4% $55,570 0.63 HS Diploma or EquivalentCommercial and Industrial Designers 27-1021 850 1,430 580 68.2% $52,810 1.67 Bachelor's Degree

Fashion Designers 27-1022 2,590 3,920 1,330 51.4% $65,440 7.52 HS Diploma or EquivalentFloral designers 27-1023 1,080 560 -520 -48.1% $28,020 0.40 HS Diploma or Equivalent

Graphic Designers 27-1024 10,710 9,530 -1,180 -11.0% $52,440 1.64 Bachelor's DegreeInterior Designers 27-1025 2,000 1,820 -180 -9.0% $56,760 1.39 Bachelor's Degree

Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 27-1026 2,720 1,430 -1,290 -47.4% $32,810 0.66 HS Diploma or EquivalentSet and Exhibit Designers 27-1027 940 1,170 230 24.5% $55,170 4.01 Bachelor's Degree

Designers, All Other 27-1029 1,080 1,100 20 1.9% $39,780 5.00 Bachelor's DegreeActors 27-2011 12,900 ** --- --- * * ---

Producers and Directors 27-2012 14,710 20,540 5,830 39.6% $102,860 7.41 Bachelor's DegreeDancers 27-2031 820 870 50 6.1% * 2.52 HS Diploma or Equivalent

Choreographers 27-2032 460 300 -160 -34.8% * 1.57 HS Diploma or EquivalentMusic Directors and Composers 27-2041 580 370 -210 -36.2% $63,560 0.54 Bachelor's Degree

Musicians and Singers 27-2042 3,320 2,510 -810 -24.4% * 2.13 HS Diploma or EquivalentRadio and Television Announcers 27-3011 ** 1,220 --- --- $37,710 1.33 Bachelor's Degree

Public Address System and other Announcers 27-3012 260 690 430 165.4% * 3.07 HS Diploma or EquivalentBroadcast News Analysts 27-3021 ** 340 --- --- * 2.32 ---

Reporters and Correspondents 27-3022 1,570 1,430 -140 -8.9% $37,490 1.09 Associate DegreePublic Relations Specialists 27-3031 8,760 7,500 -1,260 -14.4% $63,840 1.24 Bachelor's Degree

Editors 27-3041 4,450 3,650 -800 -18.0% $62,440 1.23 Bachelor's DegreeTechnical Writers 27-3042 1,590 1,350 -240 -15.1% $74,520 0.95 Bachelor's Degree

Writers and Authors 27-3043 3,570 4,660 1,090 30.5% $95,810 3.56 Bachelor's DegreeMedia and Communication Workers, All Other 27-3099 2,580 9,960 7,380 286.0% $48,680 12.75 HS Diploma or Equivalent

Audio and Video Equipment Technicians 27-4011 3,820 4,740 920 24.1% $49,550 2.80 Post Secondary/Non-degree AwardBroadcast Technicians 27-4012 1,790 2,850 1,060 59.2% $42,830 3.42 Associate Degree

Radio Operators 27-4013 ** ** --- --- * * ---

Median Annual Wage

2013

Entry Level EducationAverage Employment 2008-2013 ChangesLocation Quotient

Continued on next page »


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L.A.O.C.


TABLE 29: Los Angeles County Employment by Creative Occupation, 2008 – 2013

Continued from previous page »

Occupational Title SOC Code2008 2013 Number Percent

Sound Engineering Technicians 27-4014 3740 2,650 -1,090 -29.1% $73,060 6.55 Post Secondary/Non-degree AwardPhotographers 27-4021 1760 2,170 410 23.3% $50,930 1.32 HS Diploma or Equivalent

Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Motion Picture 27-4031 3180 2,310 -870 -27.4% $49,290 4.57 Bachelor's DegreeFilm and Video Editors 27-4032 5460 6,840 1,380 25.3% $85,800 10.41 Bachelor's Degree

Media and Communication Equipment Workers, All Other 27-4099 3640 4,450 810 22.3% $67,240 9.23 Bachelor's DegreePersonal Care and Service Occupations: 700 1,920 1,220 174.3%

Motion Picture Projectionists 39-3021 480 270 -210 -43.8% $21,660 1.17 Less than High SchoolCostume attendants 39-3092 ** 860 --- --- $51,900 4.86 HS Diploma or Equivalent

Makeup Artists, Theatrical and Performing 39-5091 220 790 570 259.1% $83,630 10.77 ---Sales and Related Occupations: 4,310 5,870 1,560 36.2%

Advertising Sales Agents 41-3011 4310 5,870 1,560 36.2% $54,520 1.32 HS Diploma or EquivalentOffice and Administrative Support Occupations: 2,560 2,890 330 12.9%

Library Assistants, Clerical 43-4121 1890 2,540 650 34.4% $23,600 0.83 HS Diploma or EquivalentDesktop Publishers 43-9031 670 350 -320 -47.8% $49,890 0.81 Associate Degree

Installation, Maintenance and Repair Occupations: 1,490 670 -820 -55.0%Electronic Home Entertainment Equip. Installers and Repairers 49-2097 1160 460 -700 -60.3% $35,420 0.57 Post Secondary/Non-degree Award

Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers 49-9061 330 ** --- --- $44,810 * Associate DegreeMusical Instrument Repairers and Tuners 49-9063 ** 210 --- --- $29,160 0.95 ---

Watch Repairers 49-9064 ** ** --- --- * * ---Production Occupations: 13,240 8,730 -4,510 -34.1%

Bindery Workers 51-5011 2060 ** --- --- * * ---Bookbinders 51-5012 ** ** --- --- * * ---

Sewers, Hand 51-6051 840 330 -510 -60.7% $24,180 1.96 Less than High SchoolTailors, Dressmakers, and Custom Sewers 51-6052 1790 1,450 -340 -19.0% $27,350 2.26 Less than High School

Fabric and Apparel Patternmakers 51-6092 1870 1,730 -140 -7.5% $52,670 9.50 HS Diploma or EquivalentCabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters 51-7011 3620 1,810 -1,810 -50.0% $37,940 0.73 HS Diploma or Equivalent

Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Workers 51-9071 1810 1,060 -750 -41.4% $31,320 1.54 HS Diploma or EquivalentPainting, Coating and Decorating Workers 51-9123 920 560 -360 -39.1% $27,110 1.17 HS Diploma or Equivalent

Photographic Process Workers 51-9151 ** 1,580 --- --- $34,690 1.42 HS Diploma or EquivalentEtchers and Engravers 51-9194 330 210 -120 -36.4% $32,160 0.81 HS Diploma or Equivalent

170,520 198,110 27,590 16.2%

Notes:

* = indicates that a wage or location quotient estimate are not available** = indicates that an employment estimate is not available

`Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics

Median Annual Wage

2013Entry Level Education

Average Employment 2008-2013 ChangesLocation Quotient

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics

Notes: * Indicates that a wage or location quotient estimate are not available ** Indicates that an employment estimate is not available


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salary employment

L.A.O.C.


TABLE 30: Orange County Employment by Creative Occupation, 2008 – 2013

Occupational Title SOC Code 2008 2013 Number PercentManagement Occupations: 4,720 4,330 -390 -8.3%

Advertising and Promotions Managers 11-2011 500 330 -170 -34.0% $102,450 1.07 Bachelor's DegreeMarketing Managers 11-2021 3,660 3,570 -90 -2.5% $135,160 1.87 Bachelor's Degree

Public Relations and Fundraising Managers 11-2031 560 430 -130 -23.2% $113,140 0.74 Bachelor's DegreeBusiness and Financial Operations Occupations: 70 60 -10 -14.3%

Agents and Business Managers of Artists, etc. 13-1011 70 60 -10 -14.3% $64,880 0.45 Bachelor's DegreeComputer and Mathematical Occupations: 0 16,430 --- ---

Software Developers, Applications 15-1132 *** 9,230 --- --- $99,050 1.31 Bachelor's DegreeSoftware Developers, System Software 15-1133 *** 7,200 --- --- $111,170 1.76 Bachelor's Degree

Architecture and Engineering Occupations: 4,400 3,690 -710 -16.1%Architects, Except Landscape and Naval 17-1011 1,640 1,220 -420 -25.6% $86,070 1.32 Bachelor's Degree

Landscape Architects 17-1012 710 440 -270 -38.0% $70,140 2.45 Bachelor's DegreeArchitectural and Civil Drafters 17-3011 2,050 2,030 -20 -1.0% $55,980 2.09 Associate Degree

Education, Training and Library Operations: 3,400 2,920 -480 -14.1%Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1031 ** 30 --- --- $124,830 0.38 Doctoral/Professional Degree

Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1061 40 50 10 25.0% $103,490 0.71 Doctoral/Professional DegreeArea, Ethnic and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1062 ** 30 --- --- $82,490 0.33 Doctoral/Professional Degree

Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1082 ** 40 --- --- $125,940 0.84 Doctoral/Professional DegreeArt, Drama and Music Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1121 760 ** --- --- * * Doctoral/Professional Degree

Communications Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1122 150 250 100 66.7% $128,330 0.77 Doctoral/Professional DegreeEnglish Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1123 580 580 0 0.0% $121,820 0.71 Doctoral/Professional DegreeForeign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1124 140 210 70 50.0% $118,990 0.62 Doctoral/Professional Degree

History Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1125 140 150 10 7.1% $125,030 0.56 Doctoral/Professional DegreeArchivists 25-4011 ** ** --- --- * * ---

Curators 25-4012 ** 30 --- --- $60,400 0.29 Masters DegreeMuseum Technicians and Conservators 25-4013 30 30 0 0.0% $42,770 0.30 Bachelor's Degree

Librarians 25-4021 690 570 -120 -17.4% $73,320 0.38 Masters DegreeLibrary Technicians 25-4031 870 800 -70 -8.0% $43,670 0.76 Post Secondary/Non-degree Award

Audio-Visual and Multimedia Collections Specialists 25-9011 ** 150 --- --- $43,620 1.59 Bachelor's DegreeArt, Design, Entertainment and Media Occupations: 19,870 15,240 -4,630 -23.3%

Art Directors 27-1011 660 590 -70 -10.6% $85,190 1.66 Bachelor's DegreeCraft Artists 27-1012 ** ** --- --- * * HS Diploma or Equivalent

Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors and Illustrators 27-1013 70 100 30 42.9% * 0.74 HS Diploma or EquivalentMultimedia Artists and Animators 27-1014 530 380 -150 -28.3% $72,290 1.13 Bachelor's Degree

Artists and Related Workers, All Other 27-1019 90 ** --- --- * * HS Diploma or EquivalentCommercial and Industrial Designers 27-1021 430 450 20 4.7% $73,050 1.42 Bachelor's Degree

Fashion Designers 27-1022 390 560 170 43.6% $60,260 2.93 HS Diploma or EquivalentFloral designers 27-1023 650 250 -400 -61.5% $31,090 0.49 HS Diploma or Equivalent

Graphic Designers 27-1024 4,280 2,980 -1,300 -30.4% $48,940 1.40 Bachelor's DegreeInterior Designers 27-1025 1,300 900 -400 -30.8% $58,600 1.87 Bachelor's Degree

Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 27-1026 1,120 600 -520 -46.4% $31,490 0.75 HS Diploma or EquivalentSet and Exhibit Designers 27-1027 140 90 -50 -35.7% $42,260 0.80 Bachelor's Degree

Designers, All Other 27-1029 200 210 10 5.0% $87,460 2.58 Bachelor's DegreeActors 27-2011 340 490 150 44.1% * 0.71 ---

Producers and Directors 27-2012 440 590 150 34.1% $77,870 0.58 Bachelor's DegreeDancers 27-2031 120 ** --- --- * * HS Diploma or Equivalent

Choreographers 27-2032 510 40 -470 -92.2% $47,300 0.64 HS Diploma or EquivalentMusic Directors and Composers 27-2041 100 210 110 110.0% $55,960 0.83 Bachelor's Degree

Musicians and Singers 27-2042 990 1,100 110 11.1% * 2.56 HS Diploma or EquivalentRadio and Television Announcers 27-3011 80 30 -50 -62.5% * 0.10 Bachelor's Degree

Public Address System and other Announcers 27-3012 100 ** --- --- * * HS Diploma or EquivalentBroadcast News Analysts 27-3021 ** ** --- --- * * ---

Reporters and Correspondents 27-3022 290 230 -60 -20.7% $43,200 0.49 Associate DegreePublic Relations Specialists 27-3031 2,550 1,390 -1,160 -45.5% $60,170 0.63 Bachelor's Degree

Editors 27-3041 940 820 -120 -12.8% $61,550 0.76 Bachelor's DegreeTechnical Writers 27-3042 720 620 -100 -13.9% $74,810 1.19 Bachelor's Degree

Writers and Authors 27-3043 470 310 -160 -34.0% $66,010 0.65 Bachelor's DegreeMedia and Communication Workers, All Other 27-3099 270 490 220 81.5% $46,850 1.72 HS Diploma or Equivalent

Audio and Video Equipment Technicians 27-4011 740 860 120 16.2% $54,570 1.39 Post Secondary/Non-degree AwardBroadcast Technicians 27-4012 110 50 -60 -54.5% $25,910 0.15 Associate Degree

Radio Operators 27-4013 ** ** --- --- * * ---

Average Employment 2008-2013 Changes

Median Annual Wage 2013

Location Quotient

Entry Level Education



1 IN 7 JOBS



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L.A.O.C.


TABLE 30: Orange County Employment by Creative Occupation, 2008 – 2013


Occupational Title SOC Code 2008 2013 Number PercentSound Engineering Technicians 27-4014 150 270 120 80.0% $65,390 1.82 Post Secondary/Non-degree Award

Photographers 27-4021 590 330 -260 -44.1% $43,600 0.55 HS Diploma or EquivalentCamera Operators, Television, Video, and Motion Picture 27-4031 40 ** --- --- $39,020 * Bachelor's Degree

Film and Video Editors 27-4032 160 200 40 25.0% $31,190 0.83 Bachelor's DegreeMedia and Communication Equipment Workers, All Other 27-4099 300 100 -200 -66.7% $58,350 0.59 Bachelor's Degree

Personal Care and Service Occupations: 0 590 590 ---Motion Picture Projectionists 39-3021 ** ** --- --- $18,720 --- Less than High School

Costume attendants 39-3092 ** 560 --- --- $23,200 8.68 HS Diploma or EquivalentMakeup Artists, Theatrical and Performing 39-5091 ** 30 --- --- $35,240 1.27 ---

Sales and Related Occupations: 1,480 1,780 300 20.3%Advertising Sales Agents 41-3011 1480 1,780 300 20.3% $53,840 1.09 HS Diploma or Equivalent

Office and Administrative Support Occupations: 1,570 820 -750 -47.8%Library Assistants, Clerical 43-4121 1050 670 -380 -36.2% $33,800 0.60 HS Diploma or Equivalent

Desktop Publishers 43-9031 520 150 -370 -71.2% $53,260 0.92 Associate DegreeInstallation, Maintenance and Repair Occupations: 820 ** --- ---

Electronic Home Entertainment Equip. Installers and Repairers 49-2097 710 ** --- --- $36,230 * Post Secondary/Non-degree AwardCamera and Photographic Equipment Repairers 49-9061 110 ** --- --- * * Associate Degree

Musical Instrument Repairers and Tuners 49-9063 ** ** --- --- * * ---Watch Repairers 49-9064 ** ** --- --- $51,360 * ---

Production Occupations: 3,690 1,790 -1,900 -51.5%Bindery Workers 51-5011 690 ** --- --- * * ---

Bookbinders 51-5012 ** ** --- --- * * ---Sewers, Hand 51-6051 120 ** --- --- $20,630 * Less than High School

Tailors, Dressmakers, and Custom Sewers 51-6052 700 330 -370 -52.9% $28,510 1.39 Less than High SchoolFabric and Apparel Patternmakers 51-6092 350 120 -230 -65.7% $55,660 1.87 HS Diploma or Equivalent

Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters 51-7011 1290 640 -650 -50.4% $32,020 0.70 HS Diploma or EquivalentJewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Workers 51-9071 400 ** --- --- $29,830 * HS Diploma or Equivalent

Painting, Coating and Decorating Workers 51-9123 140 ** --- --- $31,920 * HS Diploma or EquivalentPhotographic Process Workers 51-9151 ** 560 --- --- $34,050 1.37 HS Diploma or Equivalent

Etchers and Engravers 51-9194 ** 140 --- --- $28,630 1.50 HS Diploma or Equivalent

40,020 47,650 7,630 19.1%

Notes:

* = indicates that a wage or location quotient estimate are not available** = indicates that an employment estimate is not available

`Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics

Average Employment 2008-2013 Changes Median Annual

Wage 2013 Entry Level EducationLocation Quotient

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics

Notes: * Indicates that a wage or location quotient estimate are not available ** Indicates that an employment estimate is not available


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TABLE 31: Los Angeles-Orange County Shares of California Employment by Creative Occupation, 2013

Occupational Title SOC Code California LA County Orange County

Management Occupations: 40,400 10,920 4,330 27.0% 10.7%Advertising and Promotions Managers 11-2011 4,050 1,610 330 39.8% 8.1%

Marketing Managers 11-2021 29,960 7,360 3,570 24.6% 11.9%Public Relations and Fundraising Managers 11-2031 6,390 1,950 430 30.5% 6.7%

Business and Financial Operations Occupations: 4,040 3,590 60 88.9% 1.5%Agents and Business Managers of Artists, etc. 13-1011 4,040 3,590 60 88.9% 1.5%

Computer and Mathematical Occupations: 174,500 28,690 16,430 16.4% 9.4%Software Developers, Applications 15-1132 95,510 15,660 9,230 16.4% 9.7%

Software Developers, System Software 15-1133 78,990 13,030 7,200 16.5% 9.1%Architecture and Engineering Occupations: 24,720 6,110 3,690 24.7% 14.9%

Architects, Except Landscape and Naval 17-1011 10,340 3,270 1,220 31.6% 11.8%Landscape Architects 17-1012 2,520 230 440 9.1% 17.5%

Architectural and Civil Drafters 17-3011 11,860 2,610 2,030 22.0% 17.1%Education, Training and Library Operations: 51,490 14,250 2,920 27.7% 5.7%

Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1031 ** ** 30 --- ---Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1061 520 140 50 26.9% 9.6%

Area, Ethnic and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1062 730 230 30 31.5% 4.1%Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1082 240 50 40 20.8% 16.7%

Art, Drama and Music Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1121 11,380 3,670 ** 32.2% ---Communications Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1122 3,090 970 250 31.4% 8.1%

English Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1123 7,250 1,800 580 24.8% 8.0%Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1124 3,690 1,290 210 35.0% 5.7%

History Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1125 1,700 370 150 21.8% 8.8%Archivists 25-4011 530 280 ** 52.8% ---

Curators 25-4012 910 290 30 31.9% 3.3%Museum Technicians and Conservators 25-4013 1,150 430 30 37.4% 2.6%

Librarians 25-4021 9,210 2,530 570 27.5% 6.2%Library Technicians 25-4031 9,940 1,940 800 19.5% 8.0%

Audio-Visual and Multimedia Collections Specialists 25-9011 1,150 260 150 22.6% 13.0%Art, Design, Entertainment and Media Occupations: 253,610 114,470 15,240 45.1% 6.0%

Art Directors 27-1011 5,900 2,970 590 50.3% 10.0%Craft Artists 27-1012 640 370 ** 57.8% ---

Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors and Illustrators 27-1013 2,990 1,970 100 65.9% 3.3%Multimedia Artists and Animators 27-1014 10,300 6,660 380 64.7% 3.7%

Artists and Related Workers, All Other 27-1019 550 140 ** 25.5% ---Commercial and Industrial Designers 27-1021 3,660 1,430 450 39.1% 12.3%

Fashion Designers 27-1022 5,720 3,920 560 68.5% 9.8%Floral designers 27-1023 3,190 560 250 17.6% 7.8%

Graphic Designers 27-1024 26,290 9,530 2,980 36.2% 11.3%Interior Designers 27-1025 6,200 1,820 900 29.4% 14.5%

Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 27-1026 6,810 1,430 600 21.0% 8.8%Set and Exhibit Designers 27-1027 2,340 1,170 90 50.0% 3.8%

Designers, All Other 27-1029 1,550 1,100 210 71.0% 13.5%Actors 27-2011 31,450 ** 490 --- 1.6%

Producers and Directors 27-2012 25,440 20,540 590 80.7% 2.3%Dancers 27-2031 1,680 870 ** 51.8% ---

Choreographers 27-2032 1,560 300 40 19.2% 2.6%Music Directors and Composers 27-2041 2,480 370 210 14.9% 8.5%

Musicians and Singers 27-2042 6,470 2,510 1,100 38.8% 17.0%Radio and Television Announcers 27-3011 2,750 1,220 30 44.4% 1.1%

Public Address System and other Announcers 27-3012 1,350 690 ** 51.1% ---Broadcast News Analysts 27-3021 630 340 ** 54.0% ---

Reporters and Correspondents 27-3022 4,590 1,430 230 31.2% 5.0%Public Relations Specialists 27-3031 21,730 7,500 1,390 34.5% 6.4%

Editors 27-3041 10,720 3,650 820 34.0% 7.6%Technical Writers 27-3042 6,660 1,350 620 20.3% 9.3%

Writers and Authors 27-3043 7,770 4,660 310 60.0% 4.0%Media and Communication Workers, All Other 27-3099 12,140 9,960 490 82.0% 4.0%

Audio and Video Equipment Technicians 27-4011 9,520 4,740 860 49.8% 9.0%Broadcast Technicians 27-4012 4,550 2,850 50 62.6% 1.1%

Radio Operators 27-4013 ** ** ** --- ---

OC % of CAAverage Employment 2013

LA % of CA



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TABLE 31: Los Angeles-Orange County Shares of California Employment by Creative Occupation, 2013

Occupational Title SOC Code California LA County Orange County

Sound Engineering Technicians 27-4014 3,690 2,650 270 71.8% 7.3%Photographers 27-4021 5,720 2,170 330 37.9% 5.8%

Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Motion Picture 27-4031 2,970 2,310 ** 77.8% ---Film and Video Editors 27-4032 7,970 6,840 200 85.8% 2.5%

Media and Communication Equipment Workers, All Other 27-4099 5,630 4,450 100 79.0% 1.8%Personal Care and Service Occupations: 3,480 1,920 590 55.2% 17.0%

Motion Picture Projectionists 39-3021 940 270 ** 28.7% ---Costume attendants 39-3092 1,640 860 560 52.4% 34.1%

Makeup Artists, Theatrical and Performing 39-5091 900 790 30 87.8% 3.3%Sales and Related Occupations: 16,800 5,870 1,780 34.9% 10.6%

Advertising Sales Agents 41-3011 16,800 5,870 1,780 34.9% 10.6%Office and Administrative Support Occupations: 10,180 2,890 820 28.4% 8.1%

Library Assistants, Clerical 43-4121 8,930 2,540 670 28.4% 7.5%Desktop Publishers 43-9031 1,250 350 150 28.0% 12.0%

Installation, Maintenance and Repair Occupations: 3,270 670 ** 20.5% ---Electronic Home Entertainment Equip. Installers and Repairers 49-2097 2,080 460 ** 22.1% ---

Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers 49-9061 520 ** ** --- ---Musical Instrument Repairers and Tuners 49-9063 520 210 ** 40.4% ---

Watch Repairers 49-9064 150 ** ** --- ---Production Occupations: 24,230 8,730 1,790 36.0% 7.4%

Bindery Workers 51-5011 ** ** ** --- ---Bookbinders 51-5012 ** ** ** --- ---

Sewers, Hand 51-6051 850 330 ** 38.8% ---Tailors, Dressmakers, and Custom Sewers 51-6052 3,450 1,450 330 42.0% 9.6%

Fabric and Apparel Patternmakers 51-6092 2,020 1,730 120 85.6% 5.9%Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters 51-7011 8,110 1,810 640 22.3% 7.9%

Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Workers 51-9071 2,690 1,060 ** 39.4% ---Painting, Coating and Decorating Workers 51-9123 1,870 560 ** 29.9% ---

Photographic Process Workers 51-9151 4,460 1,580 560 35.4% 12.6%Etchers and Engravers 51-9194 780 210 140 26.9% 17.9%

606,720 198,110 47,650 32.7% 7.9%

Notes:1. Occupational employment projections include self-employed, unpaid family workers, private household workers, farm and nonfarm employment2. "na" Information is not available3. Occupations with employment below 100 in 2010 are excluded

Source: California EDD LMID; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Employment Statistics and QCEW industry employment and employment statistics data

Average Employment 2013LA % of CA OC % of CA

Source: California EDD LMID; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Employment Statistics and QCEW industry employment and Employment Statistics data

Notes: 1. Occupational employment projections include self-employed, unpaid family workers, private household workers, farm and nonfarm employment 2. “na” Information is not available3. Occupations with employment below 100 in 2010 are excluded



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TABLE 32: Los Angeles-Orange County Comparison of Annual Median Wages by Creative Occupation, 2013

Occupational Title SOC Code California LA County Orange County LA OC

Management Occupations:Advertising and Promotions Managers 11-2011 $109,680 $133,320 $102,450 21.6% -6.6%

Marketing Managers 11-2021 $142,850 $129,190 $135,160 -9.6% -5.4%Public Relations and Fundraising Managers 11-2031 $100,140 $94,660 $113,140 -5.5% 13.0%

Business and Financial Operations Occupations:Agents and Business Managers of Artists, etc. 13-1011 $85,770 $89,750 $64,880 4.6% -24.4%

Computer and Mathematical Occupations:Software Developers, Applications 15-1132 $107,870 $98,700 $99,050 -8.5% -8.2%

Software Developers, System Software 15-1133 $117,040 $114,980 $111,170 -1.8% -5.0%Architecture and Engineering Occupations:

Architects, Except Landscape and Naval 17-1011 $85,940 $81,380 $86,070 -5.3% 0.2%Landscape Architects 17-1012 $77,190 $76,590 $70,140 -0.8% -9.1%

Architectural and Civil Drafters 17-3011 $56,150 $56,130 $55,980 0.0% -0.3%Education, Training and Library Operations:

Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1031 $71,570 $66,590 $124,830 -7.0% 74.4%Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1061 $86,050 $86,770 $103,490 0.8% 20.3%

Area, Ethnic and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1062 $67,120 $75,160 $82,490 12.0% 22.9%Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1082 $95,270 $96,050 $125,940 0.8% 32.2%

Art, Drama and Music Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1121 $70,270 $70,320 * 0.1% ---Communications Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1122 $82,990 $78,790 $128,330 -5.1% 54.6%

English Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1123 $74,220 $73,140 $121,820 -1.5% 64.1%Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1124 $68,450 $66,540 $118,990 -2.8% 73.8%

History Teachers, Postsecondary 25-1125 $81,690 $74,910 $125,030 -8.3% 53.1%Archivists 25-4011 $51,000 $44,620 * -12.5% ---

Curators 25-4012 $65,630 $65,350 $60,400 -0.4% -8.0%Museum Technicians and Conservators 25-4013 $44,060 $48,330 $42,770 9.7% -2.9%

Librarians 25-4021 $69,900 $71,350 $73,320 2.1% 4.9%Library Technicians 25-4031 $40,880 $41,650 $43,670 1.9% 6.8%

Audio-Visual and Multimedia Collections Specialists 25-9011 $43,290 $46,520 $43,620 7.5% 0.8%Art, Design, Entertainment and Media Occupations:

Art Directors 27-1011 $100,100 $130,700 $85,190 30.6% -14.9%Craft Artists 27-1012 $53,410 $64,080 * 20.0% ---

Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors and Illustrators 27-1013 $53,500 $58,370 * 9.1% ---Multimedia Artists and Animators 27-1014 $81,290 $84,290 $72,290 3.7% -11.1%

Artists and Related Workers, All Other 27-1019 $51,850 $55,570 * 7.2% ---Commercial and Industrial Designers 27-1021 $64,350 $52,810 $73,050 -17.9% 13.5%

Fashion Designers 27-1022 $64,770 $65,440 $60,260 1.0% -7.0%Floral designers 27-1023 $28,520 $28,020 $31,090 -1.8% 9.0%

Graphic Designers 27-1024 $52,010 $52,440 $48,940 0.8% -5.9%Interior Designers 27-1025 $57,790 $56,760 $58,600 -1.8% 1.4%

Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 27-1026 $31,600 $32,810 $31,490 3.8% -0.3%Set and Exhibit Designers 27-1027 $49,580 $55,170 $42,260 11.3% -14.8%

Designers, All Other 27-1029 $47,590 $39,780 $87,460 -16.4% 83.8%Actors 27-2011 * * * --- ---

Producers and Directors 27-2012 $93,750 $102,860 $77,870 9.7% -16.9%Dancers 27-2031 * * * --- ---

Choreographers 27-2032 $56,160 * $47,300 --- -15.8%Music Directors and Composers 27-2041 $56,260 $63,560 $55,960 13.0% -0.5%

Musicians and Singers 27-2042 * * * --- ---Radio and Television Announcers 27-3011 $35,610 $37,710 * 5.9% ---

Public Address System and other Announcers 27-3012 $25,330 * * --- ---Broadcast News Analysts 27-3021 $73,320 * * --- ---

Reporters and Correspondents 27-3022 $40,560 $37,490 $43,200 -7.6% 6.5%Public Relations Specialists 27-3031 $62,860 $63,840 $60,170 1.6% -4.3%

Editors 27-3041 $58,590 $62,440 $61,550 6.6% 5.1%Technical Writers 27-3042 $80,710 $74,520 $74,810 -7.7% -7.3%

Writers and Authors 27-3043 $79,140 $95,810 $66,010 21.1% -16.6%Media and Communication Workers, All Other 27-3099 $48,370 $48,680 $46,850 0.6% -3.1%

Audio and Video Equipment Technicians 27-4011 $47,730 $49,550 $54,570 3.8% 14.3%Broadcast Technicians 27-4012 $41,700 $42,830 $25,910 2.7% -37.9%

Radio Operators 27-4013 * * * --- ---

Wage Premium vs. CAMedian Annual Wage 2013 ($)



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Source: California EDD LMID; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Employment Statistics and QCEW industry employment and Employment Statistics data

Notes: 1. Occupational employment projections include self-employed, unpaid family workers, private household workers, farm and nonfarm employment 2. “na” Information is not available3. Occupations with employment below 100 in 2010 are excluded

TABLE 32: Los Angeles-Orange County Comparison of Annual Median Wages by Creative Occupation, 2013


Occupational Title SOC Code California LA County Orange County LA OC

Sound Engineering Technicians 27-4014 $67,470 $73,060 $65,390 8.3% -3.1%Photographers 27-4021 $38,520 $50,930 $43,600 32.2% 13.2%

Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Motion Picture 27-4031 $49,630 $49,290 $39,020 -0.7% -21.4%Film and Video Editors 27-4032 $78,660 $85,800 $31,190 9.1% -60.3%

Media and Communication Equipment Workers, All Other 27-4099 $67,860 $67,240 $58,350 -0.9% -14.0%Personal Care and Service Occupations:

Motion Picture Projectionists 39-3021 $20,360 $21,660 $18,720 6.4% -8.1%Costume attendants 39-3092 $30,000 $51,900 $23,200 73.0% -22.7%

Makeup Artists, Theatrical and Performing 39-5091 $76,700 $83,630 $35,240 9.0% -54.1%Sales and Related Occupations:

Advertising Sales Agents 41-3011 $51,570 $54,520 $53,840 5.7% 4.4%Office and Administrative Support Occupations:

Library Assistants, Clerical 43-4121 $29,820 $23,600 $33,800 -20.9% 13.3%Desktop Publishers 43-9031 $49,890 $49,890 $53,260 0.0% 6.8%

Installation, Maintenance and Repair Occupations:Electronic Home Entertainment Equip. Installers and Repairers 49-2097 $36,220 $35,420 $36,230 -2.2% 0.0%

Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers 49-9061 $44,340 $44,810 * 1.1% ---Musical Instrument Repairers and Tuners 49-9063 $29,180 $29,160 * -0.1% ---

Watch Repairers 49-9064 $42,800 * $51,360 --- 20.0%Production Occupations:

Bindery Workers 51-5011 * * * --- ---Bookbinders 51-5012 * * * --- ---

Sewers, Hand 51-6051 $23,190 $24,180 $20,630 4.3% -11.0%Tailors, Dressmakers, and Custom Sewers 51-6052 $28,740 $27,350 $28,510 -4.8% -0.8%

Fabric and Apparel Patternmakers 51-6092 $52,520 $52,670 $55,660 0.3% 6.0%Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters 51-7011 $32,730 $37,940 $32,020 15.9% -2.2%

Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Workers 51-9071 $34,000 $31,320 $29,830 -7.9% -12.3%Painting, Coating and Decorating Workers 51-9123 $30,870 $27,110 $31,920 -12.2% 3.4%

Photographic Process Workers 51-9151 $31,090 $34,690 $34,050 11.6% 9.5%Etchers and Engravers 51-9194 $29,050 $32,160 $28,630 10.7% -1.4%

Notes:1. Occupational employment projections include self-employed, unpaid family workers, private household workers, farm and nonfarm employment2. "na" Information is not available3. Occupations with employment below 100 in 2010 are excluded

Source: California EDD LMID; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Employment Statistics and QCEW industry employment and employment statistics data

Median Annual Wage 2013 ($) Wage Premium vs. CA


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TABLE 33: Los Angeles County Arts-Related Nonprofit Sector

* Not otherwise classifiedSource: IRS SOI Statistics

NTEE Code Description

Number of Organizations

Asset Amount ($1,000s)

Income Amount ($1,000s)

Form 990 Revenue Amount

($1,000s)A01 Alliance/advocacy organizations 9 $1,301.1 $5,201.4 $5,201.4A02 Management and technical assistance 3 0.0 25.6 0.0A03 Professional societies, associations 9 311.2 218.2 138.1A05 Research institutes and/or public policy analysis 2 1,260.4 40.3 40.3A11 Single organization support 35 414,501.3 139,779.1 77,631.2A12 Fund raising and/or fund distribution 29 395,148.3 11,471.6 9,957.3A19 Nonmonetary support N.E.C.* 9 1,257.5 3,334.1 3,334.1A20 Arts, cultural organizations - multipurpose 197 142,174.7 35,412.7 32,898.6A23 Cultural, ethnic awareness 295 451,896.7 220,714.5 68,406.0A25 Arts education 112 254,375.3 295,811.1 199,970.6A26 Arts council/agency 18 14,931.8 10,204.6 9,552.1A30 Media, communications organizations 34 6,081.6 8,036.4 6,742.7A31 Film, video 123 150,796.5 146,711.1 142,452.1A32 Television 18 50,296.6 30,518.1 29,460.9A33 Printing, publishing 38 11,470.4 7,741.2 7,110.4A34 Radio 11 39,005.4 27,105.5 26,874.6A40 Visual arts organizations 52 8,528.2 7,368.1 5,606.3A50 Museums, museum activities 62 186,929.5 51,845.1 39,251.3A51 Art museums 49 2,006,236.4 283,993.8 132,477.3A52 Children's museums 2 50,265.4 6,987.4 6,457.8A54 History museums 51 965,568.0 305,212.4 165,103.3A56 Natural history, natural science museums 4 9,674.0 1,537.5 1,375.6A57 Science and technology museums 10 115,487.3 65,566.6 44,840.6A60 Performing arts organizations 117 21,079.2 14,259.3 13,824.3A61 Performing arts centers 22 89,368.5 53,983.1 53,539.4A62 Dance 103 5,569.2 6,213.9 5,989.7A63 Ballet 16 796.9 4,312.2 4,110.4A65 Theater 283 137,093.4 118,523.6 114,416.1A68 Music 153 29,388.3 31,292.8 20,950.3A69 Symphony orchestras 39 226,098.0 141,851.4 131,172.5A6A Opera 25 64,411.1 57,414.4 56,433.6A6B Singing, choral 59 6,376.0 9,567.7 9,100.7A6C Music groups, bands, ensembles 34 1,106.9 1,860.4 1,821.2A6E Performing arts schools 23 336,580.7 234,897.1 58,082.6A70 Humanities organizations 65 23,106.6 17,580.3 14,362.0A80 Historical societies, related historical activities 123 77,456.3 20,931.8 13,845.9A84 Commemorative events 15 7,233.0 1,260.7 849.3A90 Arts service organizations and activities 12 872.6 725.7 482.7A99 Arts culture and humanities N.E.C.* 68 18,753.4 7,942.2 3,034.1

2,329 $6,322,787.8 $2,387,453.3 $1,516,897.6*Not otherwise classifiedSource: IRS SOI Statistics


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L.A.O.C.


TABLE 34: Orange County Arts-Related Nonprofit Sector

NTEE Code Description

Number of Organizations

Asset Amount ($1,000s)

Income Amount ($1,000s)

Form 990 Revenue Amount ($1,000s)

A03 Professional societies, associations 1 24.7 22.5 22.5A11 Single organization support 10 1,570.9 674.0 518.7A12 Fund raising and/or fund distribution 6 466.0 1,038.4 997.1A20 Arts, cultural organizations - multipurpose 50 98,729.2 35,267.9 34,171.3A23 Cultural, ethnic awareness 89 3,550.0 2,306.8 2,176.8A25 Arts education 18 369.1 1,178.7 1,128.0A26 Arts council/agency 5 713.3 814.2 726.3A30 Media, communications organizations 9 26.8 100.0 100.0A31 Film, video 11 866.0 3,487.8 3,483.1A32 Television 7 20,392.1 13,751.8 13,421.6A33 Printing, publishing 10 597.5 506.4 466.9A34 Radio 2 0.0 0.0 0.0A40 Visual arts organizations 7 3,201.8 475.8 444.4A50 Museums, museum activities 16 65,254.2 32,358.6 30,747.2A51 Art museums 6 28,976.3 8,555.0 6,695.0A52 Children's museums 4 6,600.4 4,230.8 3,979.9A54 History museums 13 7,259.4 3,067.7 2,696.1A57 Science and technology museums 1 15,709.3 60.0 60.0A60 Performing arts organizations 29 2,009.9 2,422.8 2,214.9A61 Performing arts centers 8 449,365.5 93,151.0 54,260.1A62 Dance 22 382.9 692.7 681.0A63 Ballet 12 8,476.9 5,894.2 3,423.2A65 Theater 31 72,233.1 23,769.7 16,695.1A68 Music 30 559.7 1,585.5 1,515.5A69 Symphony orchestras 11 38,245.1 29,873.2 27,496.8A6A Opera 3 238.7 698.8 698.8A6B Singing, choral 27 3,483.6 4,900.6 3,963.3A6C Music groups, bands, ensembles 20 90.3 660.8 588.4A6E Performing arts schools 3 35.8 167.3 167.3A70 Humanities organizations 18 20,960.4 13,389.3 13,004.3A80 Historical societies, related historical activities 47 4,083.4 2,609.8 2,213.5A84 Commemorative events 8 1,724.7 803.1 787.2A90 Arts service organizations and activities 2 7.1 4.5 4.5A99 Arts culture and humanities N.E.C.* 23 3,011.8 1,393.9 1,358.5

559 $859,215.8 $289,913.5 $230,907.1*Not otherwise classifiedSource: IRS SOI Statistics

* Not otherwise classifiedSource: IRS SOI Statistics


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L.A.O.C.


TABLE 35: Los Angles County K-12 Creative Course Enrollment By Sex

TABLE 36: Los Angeles County K-12 Creative Courses Meeting UC/CSU Requirements

Course Subject AreaFemale Male Total Female Male Total Female Male Total Female Male Total Female Male Total

Art 73,532 75,010 148,542 72,326 73,738 146,064 79,573 81,478 161,051 72,261 75,312 147,573 77,314 81,714 159,028Arts, Media and Entertainment 17,063 20,407 37,470 16,305 20,117 36,422 10,532 12,291 22,823 10,493 13,364 23,857 2,522 2,759 5,281Building Trades and Construction 1,619 4,337 5,956 1,114 3,691 4,805 1,514 3,692 5,206 1,098 4,526 5,624 2,118 6,887 9,005Computer Education 262 499 761 343 668 1,011 342 771 1,113 983 1,638 2,621 654 1,371 2,025Consumer and Family Studies 1,398 285 1,683 1,641 286 1,927 1,648 324 1,972 1,947 254 2,201 2,136 260 2,396Dance 9,630 2,071 11,701 10,260 2,848 13,108 8,286 2,284 10,570 10,535 2,638 13,173 12,981 2,307 15,288Drama/Theater 17,745 12,734 30,479 18,048 12,795 30,843 19,476 14,630 34,106 18,788 14,195 32,983 18,902 13,867 32,769Engineering and Design 2,781 6,658 9,439 2,573 6,260 8,833 1,311 3,875 5,186 1,415 3,550 4,965 1,285 3,374 4,659English 25,798 25,909 51,707 27,092 26,591 53,683 27,448 26,854 54,302 25,912 24,557 50,469 30,915 29,018 59,933Fashion and Interior Design 764 175 939 1,008 266 1,274 866 152 1,018 1,143 211 1,354 1,321 166 1,487Fine and Performing Arts (IB) 289 166 455 236 179 415 217 184 401 257 154 411 207 110 317Information Technology 479 868 1,347 560 825 1,385 319 568 887 --- --- 0 --- --- 0Manufacturing and Product Development 528 1,146 1,674 563 1,276 1,839 518 1,126 1,644 664 1,741 2,405 2,954 4,992 7,946Marketing Sales and Service 133 75 208 251 134 385 157 83 240 21 16 37 8 2 10Music 60,422 57,667 118,089 67,026 63,768 130,794 60,540 60,671 121,211 58,342 58,749 117,091 58,686 58,016 116,702

0 0Creative Courses Totals: 212,443 208,007 420,450 219,346 213,442 432,788 212,747 208,983 421,730 203,859 200,905 404,764 212,003 204,843 416,846All Courses Totals: 2,251,156 2,367,010 4,618,166 2,886,439 3,013,782 5,900,221 2,811,087 2,934,769 5,745,856 2,818,677 2,954,861 5,773,538 2,841,674 2,972,049 5,813,723


Notes: 1. Course enrollments include only the number of K-12 public students enrolled in the class on "Information Day," a Wednesday in early October of the school year indicated.2. Since this data is collected on a single day in Fall, courses that are only offered later in the year will not be included on this report.3. Keep in mind that the course enrollment totals may be duplicating counts of students (a single student may be enrolled in more than our "Creative" course) and should not be mistaken as official enrollment.

Academic Year2012-13 2011-12 2010-11 2008-09 2007-08

Academic YearCourse Subject Area

#Classes

#Classes Meeting

UC/CSU Req'ts #Classes

#Classes Meeting


#Classes Meeting


#Classes Meeting


#Classes Meeting

UC/CSU Req'tsArt 6,210 3,856 6,503 3,629 6,339 3,772 4,980 3,358 5,390 3,682Arts, Media and Entertainment 1,391 638 1,350 504 762 404 836 547 167 90Building Trades and Construction 217 5 183 11 175 2 206 0 326 2Computer Education 35 2 45 2 53 4 101 0 80 0Consumer and Family Studies 62 0 74 2 75 0 88 8 92 7Dance 397 154 438 161 345 157 389 130 437 176Drama/Theater 1,104 631 1,134 645 1,172 720 1,170 729 1,148 705Engineering and Design 346 133 335 114 208 65 193 15 169 0English 2,417 1,621 2,190 1,369 2,149 1,485 2,028 1,195 2,338 1,500Fashion and Interior Design 44 5 64 6 53 4 50 4 58 3Fine and Performing Arts (IB) 22 21 17 16 19 12 19 19 17 15Information Technology 46 4 55 1 29 6 --- --- --- ---Manufacturing and Product Development 61 25 69 35 61 40 86 58 283 161Marketing Sales and Service 15 0 19 0 8 0 1 1 1 0Music 3,592 1,528 3,980 1,492 3,550 1,447 3,462 1,394 3,517 1,388

Creative Courses Totals: 15,959 8,623 16,456 7,987 14,998 8,118 13,609 7,458 14,023 7,729All Courses Totals: 190,385 88,238 249,599 78,969 230,819 71,124 234,061 70,645 234,609 70,979



2012-13 2011-12 2010-11 2008-09 2007-08


Notes: 1. Course enrollments include only the number of K-12 public students enrolled in the class on “Information Day,” a Wednesday in early October of the school year indicated.



2. Since this data is collected on a single day in Fall, courses that are only offered later in the year will not be included on this report.3. Keep in mind that the course enrollment totals may be duplicating counts of students (a single student may be enrolled in more than our “Creative” course) and should not be mistaken as official enrollment.



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TABLE 37: Los Angeles County K-12 Creative Courses Teachers and Class Size

TABLE 38: Orange County K-12 Creative Course Enrollment by Sex

Academic YearCourse Subject Area 2007-08

#FTE Teachers Ave Class Size #FTE Teachers Ave Class Size #FTE Teachers Ave Class Size #FTE Teachers Ave Class Size #FTE Teachers Ave Class SizeArt 935 27 890 25 1,061 25 966 27.7 1,031 28Arts, Media and Entertainment 239 25 221 26 160 26 170 27.8 34 27Building Trades and Construction 39 28 32 28 37 28 41 26.1 64 20Computer Education 5 21 8 23 10 21 20 26.0 15 25Consumer and Family Studies 11 25 12 29 14 25 18 26.6 19 29Dance 66 27 70 26 78 26 76 31.2 84 33Drama/Theater 201 28 194 27 236 25 236 25.7 225 26Engineering and Design 58 26 55 26 38 25 37 23.0 34 28English 373 25 378 25 405 26 392 24.6 463 26Fashion and Interior Design 7 21 8 22 11 17 10 27.5 12 25Fine and Performing Arts (IB) 5 20 3 22 3 20 3 21.0 3 18Information Technology 10 30 9 25 6 28 --- --- --- ---Manufacturing and Product Development 10 27 12 25 12 28 16 29.8 57 28Marketing Sales and Service 2 13 2 17 2 30 0 37.0 0 10Music 694 28 719 26 704 25 697 26.5 710 25

Creative Courses Totals: 2,654 25 2,614 25 2,776 25 2,683 25 2,750 23All Courses Totals: 32,098 23 65,849 23 71,512 24 77,716 26 78,559 26



2012-13 2011-12 2010-11 2008-09

Course Subject AreaFemale Male Total Female Male Total Female Male Total Female Male Total Female Male Total

Art 21,696 22,289 43,985 20,678 20,981 41,659 22,817 23,474 46,291 23,274 24,539 47,813 23,107 25,077 48,184Arts, Media and Entertainment 8,421 10,674 19,095 8,318 9,601 17,919 6,357 7,261 13,618 2,062 2,945 5,007 1,064 1,318 2,382Building Trades and Construction 157 662 819 163 917 1,080 101 651 752 478 1,776 2,254 448 1,894 2,342Computer Education 55 147 202 74 231 305 5,916 7,415 13,331 250 467 717 213 461 674Consumer and Family Studies 152 24 176 230 22 252 158 33 191 486 78 564 524 148 672Dance 5,072 439 5,511 5,812 612 6,424 5,205 363 5,568 3,105 110 3,215 2,981 81 3,062Drama/Theater 5,706 3,829 9,535 6,089 4,229 10,318 6,307 4,763 11,070 6,374 4,557 10,931 6,621 4,924 11,545Engineering and Design 335 1,528 1,863 252 1,305 1,557 121 594 715 92 453 545 67 462 529English 3,106 1,979 5,085 8,711 7,955 16,666 8,919 7,930 16,849 2,934 2,037 4,971 4,072 2,792 6,864Fashion and Interior Design 460 93 553 487 85 572 390 84 474 162 15 177 132 24 156Fine and Performing Arts (IB) 135 135 270 102 23 125 65 47 112 64 60 124 78 40 118Information Technology 144 262 406 94 193 287 101 160 261 --- --- 0 --- --- 0Manufacturing and Product Development 62 184 246 92 164 256 92 138 230 6 90 96 1,474 2,109 3,583Marketing Sales and Service 161 124 285 180 122 302 --- --- 0 --- --- 0 84 36 120Music 23,597 21,602 45,199 28,016 26,158 54,174 23,403 22,811 46,214 22,222 21,144 43,366 22,620 20,778 43,398

0Creative Courses Totals: 69,259 63,971 133,230 79,298 72,598 151,896 79,952 75,724 155,676 61,509 58,271 119,780 63,485 60,144 123,629All Courses Totals: 726,948 758,828 1,485,776 905,009 942,460 1,847,469 902,280 940,338 1,842,618 883,709 925,752 1,809,461 887,469 934,477 1,821,946



Academic Year2012-13 2011-12 2010-11 2008-09 2007-08








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TABLE 39: Orange County K-12 Creative Courses Meeting UC/CSU Requirements

TABLE 40: Orange County K-12 Creative Courses Teachers and Class Size


#Classes

#Classes Meeting


#Classes Meeting


#Classes Meeting


#Classes Meeting


#Classes Meeting

UC/CSU Req'tsArt 1,508 1,039 1,552 1,017 1,464 1,022 1,701 989 1,780 1,109Arts, Media and Entertainment 666 437 686 399 471 288 182 88 93 56Building Trades and Construction 34 0 37 0 29 0 94 0 102 0Computer Education 7 0 12 0 308 17 23 0 23 0Consumer and Family Studies 8 0 14 0 9 0 22 0 24 0Dance 174 109 192 126 179 122 114 69 112 70Drama/Theater 328 169 335 173 366 188 380 200 420 218Engineering and Design 77 22 61 19 31 5 24 0 24 0English 191 100 592 125 584 102 195 101 264 154Fashion and Interior Design 22 2 24 2 17 0 5 0 5 0Fine and Performing Arts (IB) 12 12 11 7 10 10 8 8 10 10Information Technology 13 0 9 0 8 0 --- --- --- ---Manufacturing and Product Development 12 1 11 0 8 5 5 0 128 54Marketing Sales and Service 17 0 12 0 --- --- --- --- 4 4Music 1,238 548 1,603 639 1,242 553 1,250 534 1,254 568

Creative Courses Totals: 4,307 2,439 5,151 2,507 4,726 2,312 4,003 1,989 4,243 2,243All Courses Totals: 48,225 23,079 62,970 22,350 61,199 22,282 65,383 21,727 69,118 22,040



2012-13 2011-12 2010-11 2008-09 2007-08


#FTE Teachers Ave Class Size #FTE Teachers Ave Class Size #FTE Teachers Ave Class Size #FTE Teachers Ave Class Size #FTE Teachers Ave Class SizeArt 271 28 276 28 256 30 289 27 290 26Arts, Media and Entertainment 104 28 99 26 84 27 36 28 16 26Building Trades and Construction 5 24 5 23 5 26 17 25 17 27Computer Education 1 28 2 25 56 28 4 31 4 29Consumer and Family Studies 1 23 2 18 2 20 4 27 4 28Dance 29 27 32 26 31 25 17 25 17 25Drama/Theater 61 26 66 30 69 29 70 28 72 28Engineering and Design 10 21 6 23 6 26 5 19 5 24English 36 27 98 28 98 29 37 27 45 26Fashion and Interior Design 4 27 4 28 3 28 1 35 1 31Fine and Performing Arts (IB) 2 26 2 9 2 12 1 17 2 13Information Technology 2 31 1 32 2 33 --- --- --- ---Manufacturing and Product Development 1 15 1 29 2 27 1 19 24 29Marketing Sales and Service 0 16 0 25 --- --- --- --- 1 30Music 228 30 320 26 232 28 231 28 216 27

Creative Courses Totals: 755 25 914 25 847 25 714 22 713 26All Courses Totals: 9,070 26 19,037 28 19,059 29 21,750 27 21,913 26



2012-13 2011-12 2010-11 2008-09 2007-08








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TABLE 41: K-12 Creative Subject Areas and Courses

Column1 Column2 Column3Art Set design and construction Other engineering and designAdvertising design Stage production Other visual communications, drafting courseAP Art History Stage technology Principles of engineering and design technologyAP Studio art: drawing Technical theater Technical draftingAP Studio art: three dimensional Television production Technical IllustrationAP Studio art: two dimensional Three-dimensional designArt appreciation (elem sch std) Two-dimensional design EnglishArt appreciation (sec sch std) Video production Advanced compositionArt history CompositionCeramics Building Trades and Construction JournalismCeramics (Beginning and Advanced) Cabinetmaking and wood productsCinematography/Artistic Videos (Begin or Adv) Furniture making Fashion and Interior DesignCrafts Millwork and cabinetmaking Apparel design and constructionDesign Woodworking Apparel manufacturing, production and maint.Digital Art/Computer Art/Artistic Graphics Fashion and textile designDrawing Computer Education Fashion merchandisingFashion design Web design Fibers and textilesFibers and textiles Interior design, furnishings, and maintenanceFundamentals of Art (elem sch std) Consumer and Family Studies Other fashion and interior designFundamentals of Art (sec sch std) Apparel design and constructionJewelry Clothing and textiles Fine and Performing ArtsLettering/calligraphy Fashion textiles and apparel IB Art/designMulticultural art/folk art Housing and furnishings IB MusicMulti-topic class IB Theater artsOther art course DancePainting Advanced dance study (independent or studio) Information TechnologyPhotography (beginning or advanced) Ballet, modern, jazz, world dance Computer graphics and media technologyPrintmaking Dance choreography and production Web site developmentSculpture Dance, movement & rhythmic fund. (elem sch std)

Dance, movement, & rhythmic fund. (sec sch std) Manufacturing and Product DevelopmentArts, Media, and Entertainment Folk/traditional dance Architectural draftingAnimation Multi-topic class Exploring manufacturing and design, level 1Arts management Other dance course Exploring manufacturing and design, level 2Broadcast production Jewelry design, fabrication and repairBroadcasting technology Drama/Theater Principles of manufacturing and design techChoreography Advanced Theater Silk screen making and printingCinematography Drama/creative dramaticsCinematography/Artistic videos (Begin or Adv) History/appreciation of theater arts/film Marketing Sales and ServicesCommercial art History/appreciation of drama/theater arts FloristryCommercial photography History/appreciation of theatre/film/video/medComputer gaming and design Media/film/video/television production MusicComputer graphics and media technology Multi-topic class AP Music theoryDesktop publishing Other drama/theater course BandDigital animation Professional theater Chorus/choirFilm-making Technical theater Chorus/choir/vocal ensembleGraphic arts technology Technical theater/stagecraft Composition/songwritingGraphic communications Theatre /play production (sec sch std) Computers and electronics/digital musicIntegrated graphics technology Theatre/creative dramatics (elem sch std) Gen/classroom/exploratory music (elem sch std)Internet publishing Gen/exploratory/intro to music (sec school std)Media/film/video television production Engineering and Design Instrumental ensembleMultimedia production Applied engineering and design communications Instrumental music lessons (elem sch std)Multi-topic class Architectural and structural engineering Instrumental music lessons (sec sch std)Other arts, media, and entertainment Blueprint reading Multi-topic classPhoto production and technology Civil/structural drafting Music appreciation/history/literaturePhotographic laboratory and darkroom Computer-aided drafting/design Music notationPhotography, lithography and plate making Drafting occupations Music theoryProfessional theater/play production Electrical/electronic drafting Musical theaterRadio announcing apprenticeship Engineering and design drafting Orchestra/symphonyRadio presentation techniques Engineering design Other music courseRadio production Exploring engineering and design, level 1 Professional music composition and arrangement

Exploring engineering and design, level 2 Voice class


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INDEX OF TABLES

Table 1: Employment Impact of the Creative Industries, 2013 20Table 2: Economic Contribution of the Creative Industries, 2013 23Table 3: Ratio of Self-Employed Individuals to Salaried Employees by Sector, 2012 29Table 4: Comparative growth Rates of Salaried Employees to Self-Employed Individuals, 2012 29Table 5: Number of Nonemployer Firms for the Creative Industries, 2007-2012 30Table 6: Revenues of Nonemployer Firms of the Creative Industries, 2007-2012 31 Table 7: Employment and Earnings for Selected Creative Occupations, 2012 vs. 2013 36Table 8: Los Angeles County Employment Forecast 42Table 9: Orange County Employment Forecast 42Table 10: Economic Contribution of the Architecture and Interior Design Industry, 2013 44Table 11: Economic Contribution of Art Galleries, 2013 47Table 12: Economic Contribution of the Communication Arts Industry, 2013 48Table 13: Economic Contribution of the Digital Media Industry, 2013 49Table 14: Economic Contribution of the Entertainment Industry, 2013 52Table 15: Economic Contribution of the Fashion Industry, 2013 53Table 16: Economic Contribution of the Furniture and Decorative Arts Industry, 2013 54Table 17: Economic Contribution of the Product and Industrial Design Industry, 2013 55Table 18: Economic Contribution of the Publishing and Printing Industry, 2013 56Table 19: Economic Contribution of the Toy Industry, 2013 57Table 20: Economic Contribution of the Visual and Performing Arts Industry, 2013 58Table 21: Comparison Nonprofit Sector Figures Reported in 2013 Otis Report vs. 2014 61Table 22: Arts-Related Nonprofits and Regional Shares, 2014 61Table 23: Economic Contribution of the Creative Industries, Los Angeles County, 2013 74Table 24: Economic Contribution of the Creative Industries, Orange County, 2013 74 Table 25: Creative Industries Employment, Los Angeles County, 2008-2013 75Table 26: Los Angeles County Creative Industries Employment YTY Comparisons, 2008-2013 76Table 27: Creative Industries Employment, Orange County, 2008-2013 77Table 28: Orange County Creative Industries Employment YTY Comparisons, 2008-2013 78Table 29: Los Angeles County Employment by Creative Occupation, 2008-2013 79-80Table 30: Orange County Employment by Creative Occupation, 2008-2013 81-82Table 31: Los Angeles-Orange County Shares of California Employment by Creative Occupation 83-84Table 32: Los Angeles-Orange County Comparison of Annual Median Wages by Creative Occupation 85-86Table 33: Los Angeles County Arts-Related Nonprofit Sector 87Table 34: Orange County Arts-Related Nonprofit Sector 88Table 35: Los Angeles County K-12 Creative Course Enrollment by Sex 89Table 36: Los Angeles County K-12 Creative Courses meeting UC/CSU Requirements 89Table 37: Los Angeles County K-12 Creative Courses Teachers and Class Size 90Table 38: Orange County K-12 Creative Course Enrollment by Sex 90Table 39: Orange County K-12 Creative Courses meeting UC/CSU Requirements 91Table 40: Orange County K-12 Creative Courses Teachers and Class Size 91Table 41: K-12 Creative Subject Areas and Courses 92


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SOURCES

Catterall, James, et al (2012). The Arts and Achievement in At-Risk Your: Findings from Four Longitudinal Studies. National Endowment for the Arts. Markusen, Ann (2007). Targeting Occupations in the Regional and Community Economic Development. Journal of the American Planning Association, 70:3; 253-268.

Markusen, Ann et al (2013). Spatial Divisions of Labor: How Key Worker Profiles Vary for the Same Industry in Different Regions. In Phil McCann, Geoff Hewings, and Frank Giarattani’s Handbook of Economic Geography and Industry Studies (Edward Elgar, forthcoming 2013).

Markusen, Ann et al (2008). Defining the Creative Economy: Industry and Occupation Approaches. Economic Development Quarterly, 22; 24-45

Andreasen, Nancy. “Secrets of the Creative Brain, The Atlantic; Web. June 25, 2014

Deresiewicz, William. “The Death of the Artists – and the Birth of the Creative Entrepreneur” The Atlantic; Web. December 30, 2014

Florida, Richard. “The Real Reason Creative Workers are Good for the Economy” The Atlantic Cities; Web. September 13, 2013

Florida, Richard. “Creatives and the Crisis” The Atlantic Cities; Web. October 22, 2013 Karabell, Zachary. “The Lady Gaga Fix: How the U.S. is Rethinking GDP for the 21st Century” The Atlantic Monthly; Web. May 31, 2013 Obermayer, Arthur. “Isaac Asimov Asks, “How Do People Get New Ideas?”, MIT Technology Review; Web. October 20, 2014. Yglesias, Matthew. “America is Exactly 3 Percent Richer Than We Thought” Slate.com; Web. April 25, 2013


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Americans for the Arts: http://www.americansforthearts.org/ California Alliance for Arts Education: http://www.artsed411.org/

California Arts Council: http://www.arts.ca.gov

The Role of the Innovation Workforce & Creative Sector in the Texas Economy; Texas Cultural Trust (TXP, Inc.); January 2009 The State of Colorado’s Creative Economy; Alliance for Creative Advantage (Regional Technology Strategies); December 2008 Printing and Publishing in California; Chancellor’s Office California Community Colleges, Economic and Workforce Development Program (2010)


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Download the full report, view highlights from the creative economy launch event, and learn more about other resources at www.otis.edu/econreport

los angeles region - otis college of art and design · 2019. 12. 30. · march 2015 los angeles...

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