Look at the following sentences. Point out the verb, the subject and the object in each of these sentencesand change them into passive voice.

We keep food in the fridge.

The boy broke the glass.

You must close the windows and the door.

Food is kept in the fridge.

The glass was broken by the boy.

The windows and the door must be closed.

What’s the difference between active voice and passive voice?

Tense The active voice

The passive voice

The simple present

do/does am/is/are done

The present continuous

am/is/are doing am/is/are being done

The present perfect

has/have done has/have been done

The simple future be going to/will do

be going to/will be done

The simple past did was/were done

The past continuous

was/were doing was/were being done

The past perfect had done had been done

Point 1Usually the doer of the action needn’t be mentioned in the passive sentence, but if it is needed, we use by to introduce the doer of the action. For example,

How can it be used in other ways? ( It is difficult to say who the doer is.)

Upon reaching the top of the mountain, a feeling of happiness and a sense of achievement will be experienced. ( It is not necessary to mention the doer.)

Point 2

When a verb is followed by two objects, either of the objects can be used as the subject in the passive sentence. However, you should know the difference between using the person and the thing as the subject. For example: Our teacher often tells us some interesting stories in English.→We are often told some interesting stories in English.Some interesting stories are often told to us in English.

My friends gave me some nice presents onmy birthday.→

I was given some nice presents on my birthday by my friends.Some nice presents were given to me on my birthday by my friends.

My mother will make us a cake this Saturday.→

We will be made a cake by my mother this Saturday.A cake will be made for us by my mother this Saturday.

Point 3

When an infinitive is used as an object complement after some verbs, such asmake, let,notice, observe,see, watch, or hear, in the active voice, the infinitive maker to should be omitted,but if the sentence is changed into the passive voice, to should be used before the infinitive. More examples:

I often hear the girl play the piano in the afternoon.→

The girl is often heard to play the piano in the afternoon.

The teacher makes his students write a composition every week.→

The students are made to write a composition every week.

Point 4

Get can also be used in the passive voiceinstead of be. For example,

My bike got stolen last night.

You’d better get changed quickly, for the party will begin soon.

This window seems to have got broken.

Point 5

Some verbs used in the active give a passive meaning. For example,

This sweater washes well.The pen writes smoothly.

Point 6

Some transitive verbs cannot be usedin the passive voice, for these verbs indicate states not actions. For example,

I like pop songs and often listen to them.He has a big house near the river.You can depend on her to deal with the situation.

There are two special sentence patterns which can be used in the passive voice.

It is hoped/believed/reported/thought/… that…. or

Sb. is hoped/believed/reported/thought/… to do sth.

(1) 人们希望他的身体很快会好起来 .

It is hoped that he will be better soon.

He is hoped to be better soon.

It is reported that another manned satellite will be sent into the moon next month.

Another manned satellite is reported to be sent into the moon next month.

(2) 据报道 , 下个月又一颗人造卫星将会被发送到月球上 .

The three missing sailors are believed to have drowned .

It is believed that the three missing sailors have drowned.

(3) 人们认为这三个失踪的海员已经淹死了 .

Some interesting technologies (1) ___________developed at the moment. The first is a jacket created by (2) ___________.The smart jacket has _____________this year. It includes a built-in mobile phone and an MP3player. It has been worn by (4)________, who found it comfortable and very “cool”. The second is a power-free fridge.It (5) _____________ by a farmer from Nigeria. To keep fruit and vegetables

Complete the report according to the given Information on Page 49.

are being

Electric Wear

been developed

teenagers

was invented

fresh for three weeks, only two clay pots and some wet sand (6) __________ ----it is totally power-free. Scientists responsible for soya bean plastic say that studies into natural plastic have (7) _____________,and that various plastic materials (8) _______________ soon. The natural plastic (9) _______ made of soya beans, meaning less rubbish. Last but not least is the Sonic Washer.At last year’s Tech Expo, the development of a new kind of washing machine (10) ___________. This year, the Sonic Washer (11) ________ finally _______.

are used

been completed

will be produced

will be

was announced

shownwas

Clothes (12) __________ without liquid soap or washing power. These new technologies will be on display throughout the week at Tech Expo.

are cleaned

Modal verbs in the passive voice in the present and the past tenses:

Go over Parts 1 and 2 on page 50.

Complete the following report by referring to the information given on Page 50.

It has been suggested that travel sickness (1)_____________ by using virtual reality (VR). This could be of great benefit to peopleand will be researched further. 200 volunteers will take part in our study. For 20 days, a virtual car trip (2) ___________ every day by eachvolunteer. The trips (3) ___________ to last between 20 and 30 minutes. A VR headset (4) ___________ by the volunteers. Over time, volunteers (5) __________ used to the feeling of motion. In this way, their need for travel sickness pills (6)________________. Hopefully, travel sickness (7) _____________ in some sufferers.

can be reduced

must be taken

should be made must be worn

may become

ought to be reduced might be cured

Complete some sentences by choosing one of the two words given.

The child are getting ____ about the coming holiday. (exciting; excited)Don’t you get ____ of arguing about the same thing all the time? (tiring; tired) Joan isn’t very good at Physics, so everyone was ___ when she passed the exam. (surprising; surprised)

All of us were very ___ last Saturday because our team lost the game. (disappointing; disappointed)It was snowing last night. So everything is ___ with snow this morning. (covering; covered)My parents are quite ___ with my best results. (pleasing; pleased)

Both of them are ___ with the arrangement. (satisfying; satisfied)

Complete the article on Page 51.

Notes:(1)Not all transitive verbs can be used in the

passive voice. Such verbs usually refer to states, not actions, such as have, want, like and lack.

They have a nice house with a small beautiful garden. This pair of shoes doesn’t fit me. I would like you to go swimming with me.We want you to be in charge of the work. (2) Not all prepositional verbs, that is, verb + a preposition, can be used in the passive voice

(3) In some situations, a past /present participle should be used after be.

All of the people at the meeting agreed with me.The dog belongs to my cousin.After getting off his car, he walked into the house.

I’m tired of doing the same thing day after day. The job is really tiring.I didn’t think the story was frightening, but Helen was frightened by it.

Practice:

1.All the employees except the manager _____to work online at home. （ 04 广东） A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged2. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _____to eat more fruit and vegetables. （ 04 上海） A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded

3. The mayor of Beijing says that

all construction work for the

Beijing Olympics _____by 2008. （ 04 北京 )

A. has been completed

B. has completed

C. will have been completed

D. will have completed

4. More patients _____in hospital this year than last year. （ 04 江苏）

A. treated B. have treatedC. had been treated D. have been treat

ed5. No permission has _________ for anyb

ody to enter the building. (MET88)A. been given B. given

C. to give D. be giving

6. The police found that the house _____and a lot of things____.(MET90)

A. has broken into, has been stolen

B. had broken into, had been stolen

C. has been broken into, stolen

D. had been broken into, stolen

7. ---Have you moved into the new house?(MET91)

---Not yet, the rooms _________. A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being

painting8. If city noises _________ from increasing, people _______ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. (MET 92)A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have toC. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to

9. I don’t know the restaurant , but it’s __to be quite a good one .

A. said B. told C. spoken D. talked.

10. --____the sports meet might be

put off.

--Yes, it all depends on the weather. A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told

C. I’m told D. I told

11. Cleaning women in big cities usually get __by the hour.(MET98) A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay12. The hero’s story _______ differently in the newspaper.(05 全国 II) A. was reported B. was reporting C. reports D. reported13. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _________ in making the earth a better place to live. A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing

14. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you can’t have time to _______ before the party. A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change15. According to the art dealer, the painting

_______ to go for at last a million dollars. A. is expected B. expects C. expected D. is expecting

16. I can’t see any coffee in this cupboard___?

• A. Has it all been finished • B. Was it all finished• C. Has it all finished • D. Did it all finish17. After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment .(05 北京春 )A. is damaged B. had damaged C. damaged D. was damaged

18.---- Don't you think it necessary that he _______ to Miami but to New York? ---- I agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to.(05 江苏 )A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what

19. The policeman’s attention was

suddenly caught by a small box

which ______ placed under the

Minister’s car.(05 广东 )

A.has been B. was being

C. had been D. would be

20. It was only with the help of the

local guide ______.(05 上海 )

A. was the mountain climber rescued

B. that the mountain climber was rescued

C. when the mountain climber was rescued

D. then the mountain climber was rescued

• With the help of high technology ，more and more new substances ______ in the past years.A. discovered

• B. have discoveredC. had been discovered

• D. have been discovered

• The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ______ to eat more fruit and vegetables.A. persuade

• B. will persuade

• C. be persuaded

• D. are persuaded

Paul doesn’t have to be made ______.He always works hard.

A. learn

B. to learn

C. learned

D. learning

在主动句中，感官动词 see ， watch ， hear ，listen to 等和使役动词 make ， have 后接不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语；但改为被动语态后，要加上不定式符号 to 。

More attention should be paid ______ our education if possible.A.to developing

• B.to development

• C.to develop• D.for developing

有些短语动词相当于及物动词，可以有被动语态，但短语动词是一个不可分隔的整体，变为被动语态时不可去掉构成短语动词中的介词或副词。

____from other continents for millions of years ， Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A. Being separated B. Having separatedC. Having been separatedD. To be separated

Australia 与 separate 构成动宾关系，所以用被动语态，并且 separate 这一动作发生在谓语动作之前，故用现在分词的完成时的被动

• Energy drinks are not allowed ______ in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.A.to make

• B.to be made

• C.to have been made

• D.to be making

Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519)______

birds kept in cages in order to have the

pleasure of setting them free.A. is said to be buying

B. is said to have boughtC. had said to buy

D. has said to have bought

At the end of the meeting ， it was

announced that an agreement ______.

A. has been reached

B. had been reached

C. has reached

D. had reached

带有宾语从句的句子变成被动语态时，通常用it 来作为被动句的形式主语，宾语从句则变成了主语从句。这种结构也可以改为“主语+be+ 过去分词 + 动词不定式”形式。

• 在 when ， while ， if ， unless ， though 等引导的时间、条件或让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，从句又含有 be 动词时，常可以省略从句的主语和 be 动词。

The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ______ every day.A. watered B. watering C. water D. to water

The water ______ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.A. was felt B. is felt B. C. felt D. feels

表示状态特征的系动词 look ， feel ，taste ， sound ， smell ， seem ，appear 常接形容词或名词作表语

Books of this kind ______ well.A.sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold

示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如： read ，write ， sell ， open ， shut ， begin ， wash ，wear ， cut ， lock ， pack ， act ， draw ，iron ， dry ， eat ， heat ， clean 等，与副词 well, smoothly ， easily 等连用时，说明主语内在的“性能”、“特点” 常用主动代替被动

As a result of the serious flood ， two-

thirds of the buildings in the area_____.

A. need repairing B. needs to repair

C. needs repairing D. need to repair

need ， want ， require ， stand ， bear ，deserve 等词后面常接主动的 V-ing 形式表示被动意义。

With the rapid growth of the population ， the city ______ in all directions in the past few years.A. spreads B. has spread C. has been spread D. had spread

不能用被动语态的动词及动词短语。如：cost ， fit ， suit ， benefit ， lack ， happen to do sth ， last ， spread ， belong to ， break out ， run out ， go out ， shut off ， take place ， work out ， lose heart ， consist of.

11. –Why do you look so sad?

• --There are so many problems________.

• A. remaining to settle

• B. remained settling

• C. remaining to be settled D. remained to be settled

Mr Green stood up in defense of the

16-year-old boy ， saying that he was

not the one ______.A. blamed B. blaming

C. to blame D. to be blamed

不定式 to let ， to seek ， to blame（应受责备）， to decide on 用主动形式表示被动含义

Translation into English:

1. 我很困 , 因为我被蚊子搅了一整夜。

2. 任务的所有准备工作已经就绪，我们已经准备开始。

3. 我有十分钟来决定是否拒绝那个提议。

I am sleepy because Ｉ was worried by mosquitoes all night.

All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.

I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.

4. 据报道，到去年年底又一个体育馆在北京竣工了。

5. 一般说来，没人喜欢在众人面前被捉弄。

6. 昨天的会议一定被推迟了，因为恶劣的天气使得许多专家无法及时赶到。

It was reported that another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing by the end of last year.

Generally speaking, no one likes being made fun of in public.

The meeting must have been put off yesterday because many specialists could not arrive in time/ because of/ due to the bad weather.