Look at the following 3 sentences;Ali played football yesterdayThey have chosen Higher FrenchI did answer the phoneWhat do they have in common?

Is this done in the same way in each sentence?

All 3 of these English tenses can be translated by just 1 tense in French. It is called

The Perfect TenseLe Pass Compos

Le Pass ComposGrammar Booklet p11 Meaning from the infinitive to learn

I learnedI have learnedI have been learningI did learn

Le Pass ComposIn French you use the perfect tense to say what you have done at a certain time in the past. This could be 2 minutes ago or several years ago.Lets review some examples of the Perfect Tense:Ali played football yesterdayThey have chosen Higher FrenchI did answer the phone

Each of the following sentences contains an example of the Pass Compos tense.Ali a jou au foot hierIls ont choisi Higher FrenchJ ai rpondu la tlphoneWhat is the first thing you notice about this tense?Lets look at the formation of the verb starting with the first part, the subject (person)p11 Grammar Booklet

Le Pass Compos1. Person (Subject)This is the person or thing that is doing the verb, e.g. il (he), ma mre (my mum), les enfants (the children).jetuil/elle/onnousvousils/ellesp11 Grammar Booklet

1. Person2. Auxiliary verb3. Past Participle

Remember there are 3 parts to the pass compos.Ali a jou au foot hierIls ont choisi Higher FrenchJ ai rpondu la tlphoneTime to look at the second highlighted word in each sentence.Where have you come across this before?

As a reminder to you, here is the Present Tense of AVOIR

To form the pass compos most verbs use the present tense of avoir (to have) as the auxiliary verb.You must then know the verb avoir:JaiTu as Il aElle aOn aNous avonsVous avezIls ontElles ontI haveYou haveHe hasShe hasWe haveWe haveYou haveThey haveThey have2. The Auxiliary Verb AVOIRYou already have a note of this on page 8 of your grammar workbooks

Ila Nous avonsJaiEllesontVousavezTuasIlsontPractise!

Pierre et DavidontNicoleaMon frre et moiavonsVousavezMa copinea

Lets practice: add the correct part of avoir to each sentence:

J fait mes devoirsNous fini lexercice.Il jou au football.Vous regard une vido.Ils mang au Mc Do.Tu choisi ton livre.Elle mang un sandwich.Nous n pas vu le film. -vous vu le film?Ils achet un CD.

ai avons a avez ont as a avonsAvez ont

2. The Auxiliary Verb AVOIR

Complete the following sentences with the correct part of avoir & translate into English.Il ______ choisi un coca.Nous ______ achet un cadeau de Nol.Tu ______ fini tes devoirs?Elles ______ attendu devant le cinma.J_____ voyag en avion.On _____ mang au restaurant.Vous _____ rpondu au tlphone?Ils ______ dormi bien.aavonsasontaiaavezont2. The Auxiliary Verb AVOIR

Le Pass Compos2. Auxiliary verb (avoir)This is the present tense of avoir (to have) or tre (to be)We will start by looking at the verbs that take avoiraiasaavonsavezontp11 Grammar Booklet

1. Person2. Auxiliary Verb3. Past Participleavoirtre*jetuil/elle/onnousvousils/elles

Now take a look at the third part of the pass compos.Ali a jou au foot hierIls ont choisi Higher FrenchJ ai rpondu la tlphoneThis is known as the PAST PARTICIPLE.It is the past form of the main verb. (watched, chosen, answered)Can you figure out how to form the PAST PARTICIPLE of ER, IR and RE verbs?

3. THE PAST PARTICIPLEThe way you form the past participle depends on whether it is an er, -ir or re verb.For ER verbs, remove the er and change it to For IR verbs, remove the ir and change it to iFor RE verbs, remove the re and change it to u

Here are some examples of the 3 types of verb. Change the infinitive into the past participle.travaillerregarder

finirchoisir

rpondreentendre

travaillregard

finichoisi

rponduentendu

3. To form the past participle of regular er verbs:

1. take the infinitive of the verb2. take off the er3. add

e.g regarder(to watch)regard= regard(watched)+

An example ER verb

1. Person2. Auxiliary Verb3. Past Participlejairegardtuasregardil/elle/onaregardnousavonsregardvousavezregardils/ellesontregard

Exercise A: -er verbsPut the verbs below into the perfect tense: Je (manger) Nous (regarder) Ils (couter) Elle (voyager) Vous (donner) On (acheter) Tu (dtester) Ma mre (travailler) Les touristes (visiter) Tout le monde (parler)Jai mangNous avons regardIls ont coutElle a voyagVous avez donnOn a achetTu as dtestMa mre a travaillLes touristes ont visitTout le monde a parl

1. take the infinitive of the verb2. take off the ir3. add i

e.g finir(to finish)fin= fini (finished)+ i3. To form the past participle of regular ir verbs:

An example IR verb

1. Person2. Auxiliary Verb3. Past Participlejaifinituasfiniil/elle/onafininousavonsfinivousavezfiniils/ellesontfini

Exercise A: -ir verbsPut the verbs below into the perfect tense: Il (finir) Nous (rougir) Tu (punir) Je (russir) Elle (applaudir) On (choisir) Vous (maigrir) Mes parents (applaudir) Le prof (punir) Le chien (grossir)Il a finiNous avons rougi Tu as puniJai russiElle a applaudiOn a choisiVous avez maigriMes parents ont applaudiLe prof a puniLe chien a grossi

1. take the infinitive of the verb2. take off the re3. add u

e.g vendre(to sell)vend= vendu (sold)+ u3. To form the past participle of regular re verbs:

An example RE verb

1. Person2. Auxiliary Verb3. Past Participlejaivendutuasvenduil/elle/onavendunousavonsvenduvousavezvenduils/ellesontvendu

Exercise A: -re verbsPut the verbs below into the perfect tense: Je (perdre) Vous (rendre) Tu (vendre) Elle (attendre) Ils (mordre) On (repondre) Tu (entendre) Mes amis (attendre) Mon pere (vendre) Tout le monde (entendre)Jai perduVous avez renduTu as venduElle a attenduIls ont morduOn a reponduTu as entenduMes amis ont attenduMon pere a venduTout le monde a entendu

Le Pass Compos3. Past ParticipleThis is the past form of the main verb, e.g. watched, played, etc---p11 Grammar Booklet

Personavoirtre*Past Participlejeaier verbs:er tuasil/elle/onair verbs:ir inousavonsvousavezre verbs:re u ils/ellesont

So remember the pass compos is composed of three parts:

the person (subject)the auxiliary verb (avoir or tre*) the past participle of the verb you want to put in the past.Jai mang un sandwichNous avons fini le gteauVous avez vendu votre voiture

Personauxiliary verbpast participleLe Pass Compos

Work out the past participles of the following verbs:mangerdescendrepartirjouervoyagersortirrpondrevendrechoisirtravaillermangdescendupartijouvoyagsortirponduvenduchoisitravaill

Using these rules, put these verbs into three groups and find what their past participle should be?aimer attendre choisir demandercouterfinir habiter inviter laver manger parler perdre porterrangerregardertlphonertravailler vendreentendre

Check your answersaim(liked)choisi (chosen) attendu (waited)demand (asked)fini (finished) perdu (lost)cout (listened) vendu (sold)habit (lived)invit(invited)lav (washed) mang (eaten) parl (talked/spoken)port (worn/born)rang (tidied/put away)regard (watched)tlphon (called)travaill (worked)

Now that you know the present tense of AVOIR and how to form the Past Participle, test yourself with the following sentences (travailler)aitravaill

j

ontavezaiasaavons

travaillu travailltravailli

(regarder)aregard

il

ontavezaiasaavons

regardu regardiregard

(finir)avonsfini

nous

ontavezaiasaavons

finu finifin

(jouer)ontjou

ils

ontavezaiasaavons

jouu jouijou

(rpondre)arpondu

maman

ontavezaiasaavons

rpondu rpondirpond

(choisir)avezchoisi

vous

ontavezaiasaavons

choisu choisichois

(chanter)avonschant

Christina et moi

ontavezaiasaavons

chantu chantichant

(couter)ontcout

Reto et Marc

ontavezaiasaavons

coutu couticout

(parler)asparl

Tu

ontavezaiasaavons

parlu parliparl

(entendre)aentendu

Elle

ontavezaiasaavons

entendu entendientend

Put the following sentences into French, using the perfect tense.I have visited the Arc de Triomphe.He has bought some bread.We have chosen the fish.They(m.) have finished.Have you (plural) sold the car?Have you (sing.) replied?

RponsesJai visit lArc de Triomphe.Il a achet du pain.On a choisi le poisson.Nous avons choisi le poisson.Ils ont fini.Avez-vous vendu la voiture?As-tu rpondu?

Can you match these irregular past participles matches their infinitives?su vouluvutbufait dpuvenu eu

p12 Grammar Bookleteutfait puvouluvenusu dvubu

InfinitiveMeaningPast Participleavoirto havetreto befaireto dopouvoirto be able tovouloirto want to venir*to comesavoirto knowdevoirto have tovoirto seeboireto drink

Can you match these irregular past participles matches their infinitives?reu prislucritditmis cru

p12 Grammar BookletcrulucritditprismisreuLook for patterns to help you learn them

InfinitiveMeaningPast Participlecroireto believelireto readcrireto writedireto sayprendreto take mettreto putrecevoirto receive

Complete the following sentences with the correct past participle.Jai _____ les Champs lyses. (voir)Nous avons ______ des cartes postales. (crire)On a _____ du vin blanc. (boire)En train jai ____ une magazine. (lire)On a _____ un tour en bateau sur la Seine. (faire)Nous avons _____ le petit djeuner au restaurant. (prendre)vucritbulufaitpris

THE PERFECT TENSE WITH AVOIR

Give the correct part of the verb in bracketsJai (prendre) le bus.Il a (boire) du Coca.Nous avons (lire) ces magazines.Jai (apprendre) le vocabulaire.As-tu (faire) tes devoirs?Ils ont (voir) la Tour Eiffel.Elle a (boire) du coca.Avez-vous (crire) des cartes postales?Nous avons (mettre) la table.Elle na pas (comprendre) .

PRIS BU . LU APPRISFAIT VU BU CRIT MIS COMPRIS

Put the following sentences into French using the Perfect Tense. Watch out for the irregular past participles.She has said goodbye.Have you (sing.) taken the train?We have seen the film.I have written a letter.He has read the book.They have been on holiday.He has taken a shower.We have drunk an Orangina.

RponsesElle a dit au revoir.As-tu fait tes devoirs?On a vu le film. / Nous avons vu le film.Jai crit une lettre.Il a lu le livre.Ils ont t en vacances.Il a pris une douche.On a bu un Orangina. / Nous avons bu un Orangina.

p12 Grammar BookletFormation

PersonPart of AVOIRPast ParticipleMeaningjaieuI have had, I had, I have been havingtuasil/elle/onavouluI have wanted, I wanted, I have been wantingnousavonsvousavezfaitI have done, I did, I have been doing ils/ellesont

Some verbs use tre (to be) as the auxiliary verb instead of avoir.Je suisTu es Il estElle estOn estNous sommesVous tesIls sontElles sontI amYou areHe isShe isWe areWe areYou areThey areThey are2. The (other) Auxiliary Verb

Le Pass Compos3. Past ParticipleThis is the past form of the main verb, e.g. watched, played, etc---p11 Grammar Booklet

Personavoirtre*Past Participlejeaisuiser verbs:er tuasesil/elle/onaestir verbs:ir inousavonssommesvousaveztesre verbs:re u ils/ellesontsont

THE VERB TRELets practice: add the right part of tre to them:Je venu(e).Il entr.Nous arrivs.Les enfants sortis.Vous rests la maison.Paul tomb dans la rue.Maman monte au premier tage.Ma soeur alle la piscine.Mon pre descendu dans la cave.Murielle ne Paris.

:suisestsommessonttesestestestestest

Complete the following sentences with the correct part of tre & translate into English.Il ______ all au cinma.Nous ______ arrivs 17h30.Tu ______ sorti hier soir?Elles ______ parties vendredi.Je _____ descendu du bus.On _____ rests la maison.Vous _____ rentrs en France?Ils ______ tombs amoureux.estsommesessontsuisesttessont

Verbs that take treIf the verb suggests movement from one place to another we use tre to form the perfect tense.

There is an easy way to remember them: MRS VAN DER TRAMP

Monter (to go up, climb)Rester (to stay)Sortir (to go out)

Venir* (to come)Aller (to go)Natre* (to be born)

Descendre (to go down)Entrer (to enter)Retourner (to return)

Tomber (to fall)Rentrer (to go back)Arriver (to arrive)Mourir* (to die)Partir (to leave)*The past participle of these verbs are venu, n, mort. All the rest are regular!Verbs made up of these verbs, e.g. repartir, devenir also take tre, p13 Grammar Booklet

Remember!Notice that with verbs which use the auxiliary tre, the past participle agrees with the subject (the person or thing doing the action).

Lets look the verb aller in full and see if you can figure out the rule:

Le Pass Compos

Persontre*Past Participlejesuisalltuesallilestallelleestalleonestallsnoussommesallsvoustesallsilssontallsellessontalles

Agreement When using tre as the auxiliary verb, the past participle has to agree with the person who did the action.If the subject isMasculine singular: add nothing aller il est allFeminine singular: add e aller elle est alleMasculine plural: add s aller ils sont allsFeminine plural: add es aller ils sont alles

Le Pass Compos---p13 Grammar Booklet

Persontre*Past ParticipleAdjective Endingsjesuiser verbs:er -etues-eil/elle/onestir verbs:ir i-esesnoussommesvoustesre verbs:re u sessesils/ellessont

Examples:Il est venu chez moi. He came to my house. (m./sg.)Je suis rentre tard hier soir (girl talking).I went home late last night. (fem./sg.)Nous sommes ns il y a quatorze ans.We were born fourteen years ago. (m./pl.)Elles se sont leves de bonne heure.They got up early. (fem./pl.)

THE PAST PARTICIPLE WITH TRE

Write the correct past participle of the verb in brackets. WATCH THE ENDINGS!!!Le train est (arriver) la gare.Nous sommes(partir) neuf heures.Mes cousins sont (venir)en voiture.tes-vous (aller) en ville?Je suis (monter)au premier tage.Je suis (entrer) dans le magasin.Elle est (descendre)devant la poste.Nous sommes (rester) la maison.Tu es (partir) midi.Elles sont (natre)hier.

Click on the picture to check your answers

Now check your answersLe train est arriv la gare.Nous sommes partis/parties neuf heures.Mes cousins sont venus en voiture.tes-vous all/alle/alls/alles en ville?Je suis mont/monte au premier tage.Je suis entr/entre dans le magasin.Elle est descendue devant la poste.Nous sommes rests/restes la maison.Tu es parti/partie midi.10.Elles sont nes hier.

Elle est _____ en ville. (aller)Nous sommes ______ avec des copains. (sortir)Il est ______ dans le bus. (monter)Elles sont ______ la maison. (rester)Pierre est _____ en vitesse. (partir)Mes surs sont ______ trs tard. (arriver)Vous tes ________ la gare? (descendre)Ils sont ________. (retourner)Complete the following sentences with the correct past participle. Watch out for agreement!allesortismontrestespartiarrivesdescendusretourns

Examplep13 Grammar Booklet

Persontre*Past ParticipleMeaningjesuisarrivI have arrived (m)tuesalleyou have gone (f)ilestpartihe has leftelleestrentreshe has gone homeonestdevenuswe have becomenoussommesentrswe have enteredvoustesmontsyou went up (m, pl)ilssontrevenusthey came backellessontvenuesthey came

THE PERFECT TENSE.

HOW WOULD YOU SAY THESE SENTENCES IN FRENCH? Careful, some verbs use the auxiliary avoir, others use tre

Yesterday I played football.Did you go to the cinema?She listened to music.My parents arrived last week.My little brother was born last night

Now check your answers:Hier jai jou au football.Tu es all/alle au cinma?Elle a cout de la musique.Mes parents sont arrivs la semaine dernire.Mon petit frre est n la nuit dernire.

There you go. The perfect tense has not got any secrets for you any more. If you apply these rules carefully you will always get it perfect.

Reflexive VerbsRemember reflexive verbs? je me lve, il sappelle, nous nous habillons

Reflexive verbs also use tre as the auxiliary verb. The auxiliary verb comes after the reflexive pronoun in the sentence.je me suis lev(e), nous nous sommes habills

Remember the past participle still has to agree with the person.

se lever[reflexive pronoun + auxiliary + past participle]jetuilelleonnousvousilsellesmetsssnousvoussesesuisesestestestsommestessontsontlev(e)lev(e)levlevelev(s/es)lev(s/es)lev(e/s/es)levsleves

Put the following present tense sentences into the past using the perfect tense. (They are all er verbs.)Ils se lvent 7h30.Nous nous rveillons trs tt.Tu te douches?Elles se promnent dans le parc.Je me lave les cheveux. (masculine)On se couche trop tard. (masc. plural)Vous vous cassez la jambe. (fem. singular)Il se brosse les dents.

RponsesIls se sont levs 7h30.Nous nous sommes rveills trs tt.Marie, tu tes douche?Elles se sont promenes dans le parc.Je me suis lav les cheveux.On sest couchs trop tard.Vous vous tes casse la jambe.Il sest bross les dents.

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