Look at the dialogue and find the use of the past participle.

-- Look at the excited boy! Why is he so happy?-- He has got the first prize in the contest.-- No wonder he is excited!

过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语与其所修饰的词之间存在着逻辑上的被动关系 , 且表示该动作已经完成。

Attention

• 过去分词作定语：若是及物动词（ vt ）则表示被动；动作已经完成（即先于谓语动词）若是不及物动词（ vi）则只表示完成。

被动：spoken Englishcooked foodfried chips

完成：the risen sunfallen leavesboiled water

过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况 :

单个的过去分词作定语 , 通常放在被修饰的名词之前 , 表示被动和完成意义。

1. 前置定语

A.被动意义：an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人 ( 受伤的工人 )are now being taken good care of in the hospital.B. 完成意义a retired teacher 一位退休的教师They are cleaning ( 落叶 ) in the yard.

The injured workers

the fallen leaves

2. 后置定语 过去分词短语作定语时 , 通常放在被修饰的名词之后 , 它的作用相当于一个定语从句。

This will be the best novel of its kind ever written.=Who were the so-called guests invited (= ) to your part last night?

that has ever been written

who had been invited

如果被修饰的词是由 every/some/any/no + thing/body/one 所构成的复合代词或指示代词 those 等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。 例如： Is there anything unsolved? There is nothing changed here since I left this town.

注意 :

Past Participle as the Attributive

Example: 1. So many thousands of terrified people died. 2. He found that it came from the river

polluted by the dirty water from London.

转化为定语从句The excited people rushed into building.

(=the people who were excited)

Lost time can never be found again ．(=time which is lost)

过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。 Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train. 他们当中有一些人 , 生长在农村，从未见过火车。

高考链接1) Most of the artists _____ to the party were from South Africa. (MET 90) A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 2) The first text books _____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. (NMET 94) A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written

A

D

3) The Olympic games, _______ in 776 BC, didn't include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing4) Prices of daily foods ______ through a computer can be lower than prices in stores. (2002 年全国春） A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying

C

B

5) Mr. Smith, ____ of the speech, started to read a ____ novel. (2003 北京春 ) A. tired, boring B. tiring, bored C. tired, bored D. tiring, boring6) We finished the run in less than half the time _____. (2008 江西卷 ) A. allowing B. to allow C. allowed D. allows

A

C

7) It is one of the funniest things ____ on the

Internet so far this year. (2008 浙江卷 )

A. finding B. being found

C. to find D. found

D

He looked worried after reading the letter ．When we heard of it, we were deeply moved ．He seemed quite delighted at the idea ．

二、作表语 过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意 , 而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。如：

1) Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour. (NMET98) A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay2) As we joined the big crowd I got ____ from my friends. (NEMT 2001) A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed

高考链接C

A

3) The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ____ as the plane was making a landing. (2004 上海 ) A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating

C

She found the door broken in when she

came back ．My grandfather had his old house rebuilt ．

三、作宾语补足语

(1) 感觉和心理状态的see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider 等。

We thought the game_______ ．我们认为球赛输了。They considered the matter ___________ ．他们认为这问题解决了。

lost

settled

I have my hair __________ once a month ．我每个月理一次发。She had her wallet __________yesterday.昨天她的钱包被偷了。He has had one thousand yuan _______this year ．他今年已存了 1000 元。He was trying to make himself__________ ．他正努力使别人听懂自己。

(2) 使役动词 make, get, have, keep, leave 等。cut

stolen

saved

understood

(3) 希望、要求、命令like, want, wish, expect, order 等He won’t like such questions _________ at the meeting ．他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。The students wish the TV serial plays __________ ．学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。

discussed

continued

With 复合结构的一种With+n.+p.p.

The thief was brought in with his hands _______(tie) behind his back.tied

1.You can make yourself ____ in English pretty well if you keep on speaking the language. A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. understood2. -- There is a hole in your bag. -- I know. I’m going to have it ______. A. mend B. mending C. mended D. to be mended

Practice

D

C

3. He found a magazine _____ with the

owner’s name_____ on the desk with the

back cover _____ off.

A. marking, lying, torn

B. marked, lying, torn

C. marked, laid, tearing

D. marking, laying, tearing

B

4. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ______ as much as we can. (2008 江苏卷 ) A. speak. B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak

C

Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks. 1. _______ ( 污染的 ) air and water are harmful to people’s health.2. The problem ______________________ ( 在会议 上讨论的 ) yesterday was very difficult to solve.3. He became _______ ( 兴奋 ) when he heard he had won the first place in the competition.4. I am _________ ( 感兴趣 ) in the story.5. I haven’t got the film ___________ ( 冲洗 ) yet.6. Do you know the man _________ （坐 ) beside the door?

Polluted

discussed at the meeting

excited

interesteddeveloped

seated/sitting

过去分词短语做状语可表示时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、伴随等意义。

四、作状语

从山顶上看 , 这个城市就像一个大花园。__________________________ , the city looked like a big garden. When seen from the top of the hill , the city looked like a big garden.When the city is seen from the top of the hill, it looked like a big garden.

1. 表时间 ,

Seen from the top of the hill

2. 表原因。 _____________________, he was all wet. =Because caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. = Because he was caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.

3. 表条件_____________________, he will do better.

=If Given another chance, he will do better.

=If he is given another chance, he will do better.

Given another chance 

Caught in a heavy rain

和你哥哥相比 , 你应该更加努力学习英语。__________________________, you should 

make greater efforts to study English.

水如果被加热 , 会变成水蒸气。 _________, water can be turned into steam.

Compared with your brother

If heated

4. 表让步：尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽 , 他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。______________________________, they went on running after the robber. 尽管被许多人嘲笑 , 他还是继续他的研究。________________________________________, he continued his study.

(Although) Exhausted  by  the  running

(Though/Although)Laughed at by many people

5. 表方式或伴随情况。那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。The old man went into the room, 

______________________.

我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。______________________, my father and I 

were talking about my job. 

supported by his wife

Seated /Sitting at the table

提示 :

过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语的区别在于 :

Seeing on top of the mountain, the city is beautiful.

Seen on top of the mountain, the city is beautiful. √Seeing on top of the mountain, we can see the city is

beautiful. √

1. ______ more attention, the tree could have grown better.

 A. Given       B. To give        C. Giving         D. Having given.2. The computer center, ____ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.

A. open        B. opening       C. having opened   D. opened

Ⅰ. 单项选择A

D

3. ______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.   A. Losing      B. Having lost      C. Lost          D. To lose 4. The research is so designed that once ____ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins            B. having begun C. beginning  D. begun

C

D

5. ____ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being founded   B. It was founded C. Founded     D. Founding6. When _____, the museum will be open to the public next year.   A. completed      B. completing         C. being completed   D. to be completed

C

A

1. _________ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. (2008陕西卷 ) A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show

高考链接C

2. ____ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.    A. Having suffered    B. Suffering   C. To suffer      D. Suffered

A

3. ______ by a greater demand for vegetables,

farmers have built more green houses.

(07 浙江卷 )

A. Driven  B. Being driven   

C. To drive    D. Having driven

A

1. He came back with a basket filling with eggs.

2. A breaking cup is lying on the floor.

3. The meeting holds yesterday was very important.

breaking改为 broken

holds改为 held

filling改为 filled

Ⅲ. 改错 (综合四种用法 )

4. Giving more time,I would do it better.

5. Deeply moving by his words,the old man agreed to his request.

6. Seen his mother coming,the child was very happy.

7. The murderer was brought in, with his hands tying behind his back.

Giving改为 Given

moving改为 moved

Seen改为 Seeing

tying改为 tied

1. While he was watching TV,he heard a knock

at the door.

2. If the town is seen from the top of the hill, it

looks more beautiful .

While watching TV, he heard a knock at the door.

Seen from the top of the hill, the town looks more beautiful.

Ⅳ. 用分词改写下列从句。

3. As the watch is used for a long time, it needs repairing.

4. The boy will be blind in both eyes unless he is treated on time.

5. Though he had seen told many times he couldn’t understand it.

Used for a long time, the watch needs repairing.

The boy will be blind in both eyes unless treated on time.

Having been told many times, he couldn’t understand it.