Long-Term Operation of Landslide

Observation System Using ZigBee Modules

University of

Tsukuba

Geo-Sensing Lab

Wang Rui

SocDic Conference

Geo-Sensing LabContents

About ZigBee

Landslide observation system

Geo-Sensing Lab

Fig1. El Salvador.2001

What is landslide?

A landslide is a geological phenomenon that rocks, earth, or

debris flows on slopes due to gravity. Landslide can occur in any

kind of terrain given the right conditions of soil, moisture and the

angle of slope.

Geo-Sensing Lab

Landslide observation System is

very important and strongly neededwestern Sumatra , 2009

West Java, 2010

Landslide in Japan and Indonesia

Landslide in Japan

Fig2. Landslide in Indonesia and Japan

Geo-Sensing Lab

Landslide monitoring

Landslide warning

Landslide observation

system

Necessary to measure before occurring landslide.

Displacement surface of the ground Displacement in the ground Water level in the ground Amount of rainfall

Landslide observation SystemLandslide observation System

Function of the Landslide observation System

Effective measures for landslide.

Target of measurement

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other wireless standards

→ narrow observation area

→ Power is problem

→ If many nodes, high cost

Fig4. Wireless monitoring system

Landslide observation SystemLandslide observation System

Current landslide observation system

Wired system Wireless system

wired observation system

→ breaking of wire

→ high-cost

Fig3. Wired monitoring system

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AdvantageAdvantage Fast installation(no drilling is necessary) Higher stability(no cables break) Data transmission is real-time Permanent data transmission and data collection Power saving(ZigBee device sleeping mode)

Fig5. Landslide observation system using ZigBee

Clinometers BuriedClinometers

Water GaugeZigBee

Landslide observation SystemLandslide observation System

Our system

Based on ZigBee technology

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ZigBee is a Ad-hoc networking technology

Based On IEEE 802.15.4 standard

Intended for 2.45 GHz , 868 MHz and 915 MHz Band.

Low in cost ,complexity & power consumption

Data rates touch 250Kbps for 2.45Ghz, 40 Kbps 915Mhz and 20Kbps for 868Mhz band.

What is ZigBee ?

AdvantageAdvantage

Network capacity Low power consumption Low cost Bought freely

Fig6. ZigBee device

About ZigBee

Geo-Sensing Lab

Zigbee is especially suitable for instrument measurement and control

Name Wi-Fi Bluetooth ZigBeeCommunication

distance100m 10m 10 ～ 100m

Communication speed

11Mbps 1Mbps 250Kbps

Network capacity

32nodes 7nodes 65,536nodes

lifeSeveral hours Several days

Several months or

years

ApplicationWireless

LANWireless

SoundInstrumentati

on controlTable1. Comparison with other wireless communication standards

About ZigBee

Geo-Sensing Lab

ZigBee

LOW DATA-RATE RADIO DEVICES

HOME AUTOMATION

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

TVVCRDVD/CDremote

securityHVAClightingclosures

PC & PERIPHERALS

TOYS & GAMES

consolesportables

educational

PERSONAL HEALTH CARE

INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL

ZigBee Application

About ZigBee

monitorssensors

automationcontrol

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ZigBee Flexible network topology

FFD

RFD

wireless

Star

FFD

wireless

Mesh

FFD

RFD

Coodinator

wireless

Cluster tree

Fig7. Network topology

About ZigBee

Geo-Sensing Lab

network topology : mesh

Fig8. working process

Fig9. Network of our system

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GeoSense:a. Network operations

b. Communicate external device

c. State transition

GeoSense Coordinator:a. Formation of networks

b. Control GeoSense

AirSenseWare (software):a. Control GeoSense Coordinator

b. Monitor network

c. Collect and record data

System component

GeoSense

GeoSensecoodinator

AirSenseWare

EtherNet

Measeument

Sirialcommunication

Zigbee NetWork

Device

Fig9. Outline of system

GeoSense Coordinator

GeoSense

Fig10. GeoSense

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Problem using mesh networkProblem using mesh network

To work as ZigBee-Router, loss of original power-saving

Improve Power-Saving of ZigBee is important for this study

GeoSense Coordinator

GeoSense

Normal ZigBee device： can not be set into sleeping mode when

using mesh network

Our laboratory’s ZigBee device(GeoSense)： can be set into sleeping mode when

using mesh network

Our ZigBee system’s working time is much longer.

Fig10. GeoSense

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Experiment of Small-Scale System

System component AirSense Ware (1) GeoSense Coodinator (1) GeoSense (4) GeoSense with external

measurement device(1)

Fig12. Experiment network

GeoSensecoodinator

AirSenseWare

EtherNet

GeoSense

SirialComunication

MicroComputer

wireless

thermocouple

Fig11. Small-scale system

Network topology Mesh topology

External measurement device

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Get environment data Temperature ,water

level , slope

GeoSense

CaseTemperature sensorHumidity sensor Illuminometer

Serial communication connector

Triaxial accelerometer

H8-3052

Fig13. Implementation and equipment of landslide observation system

Number of measurement 72 times

Measurement time A day

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Fig14. Accumulated environmental data

Measure three times per hour properly Confirmed the power saving function works properly Get various environment data ,such as temperature and water

level , slope , etc to change sensor

13:5514:2414:5215:2115:5016:1916:4817:1617:4518:1418:430

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

[℃]

温度

(HH:MM)時間

170171アメダス

14:52 15:21 15:50 16:19

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

[%]

相対

湿度

(HH:MM)時間

170 171

14:52 15:21 15:50 16:19 16:48 17:16 17:45 18:14

0

100

200

300

400

500

[lx]

照度

(HH:MM)時間

170 171 175

14:52 15:21 15:50 16:19 16:48 17:16 17:45 18:14- 0.6

- 0.4

- 0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6_X

[m

N]

加速

度

(HH:MM)時間

170 171 175

14:52 15:21 15:50 16:19 16:48 17:16 17:45 18:14- 0.6

- 0.4

- 0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

_Y [

mN

]加

速度

(HH:MM)時間

170 171 175

14:52 15:21 15:50 16:19 16:48 17:16 17:45 18:14- 5

- 4

- 3

- 2

- 1

0

1

2

3

4

5

_Z [

mN

]加

速度

(HH:MM)時間

170 171 175

Geo-Sensing Lab

Conclusion

ZigBee is much suitable for Landslide observation system

GeoSense can be set into sleeping mode when using mesh network. It is more power-saving.

Landslide observation system is very useful for both Japan and Indonesia.

Many types of data can be obtained for landslide early warning

Geo-Sensing Lab