long span structure london velodrome
DESCRIPTION
Structures presentationTRANSCRIPT
London 2012 – Velodrome Stadium
Submitted By :Name – 1) Akshay R.Surve(28) 2) Arjun Nambiar (34)
LONG SPAN STRUCTURE
Guide By :Prof. R.P.HireProf. S.S.Bodhankar
London 2012 - Velodrome
One of the most elegant new sports halls of Olympia 2012 is the Velodrome by Hopkins Architect. In contrast to various other competition venues, the cycling arena with 6,000 seats created on the former East way Cycle Circuit site has been designed as a permanent building.
Architects: Hopkins Architects, LondonStructural engineers: Expedition Engineering Ltd., London; schlaich bergermann partner, Stuttgart (cable net)Location: Olympic Park, Stratford
CONCEPT concept was for the venue was to evoke the geometry of the cycling track in the form of the building, which after much refinement resulted in the double-curved roof form (nicknamed the Pringle)
N
Coordinates:55° 50' 50" N 04° 12' 28.95" W
PLAN
A B
C
D
SECTION AB SECTION CD
Seats: 6,000Built-up area: 21,700 m²Roof area: 12,000 m²Spiral strand cables: 36 mm in diameter; 14 km in lengthWeight of steel construction: 1,029 tSpan width: 136 mDimensions: 138 x 130 m²; height of 13.7 m above ground, 2.6 m below ground Construction costs: approx. EUR 130 million
138 m
130 m
13m
WIND VELOCITY
Breath of fresh airIn summer and midseason, the building will be ventilated using natural ventilation alone – it does not need heating. The natural ventilation system follows a similar pattern to the mechanical ventilation. Insulated dampers will open to allow fresh air to enter through the lower set of louvers set into the façade
Humidity 81%
Wind Speed
Avg:SW 8 mph
Barometer31.82 in (1210.8 mb)
Dew point65°F (19.5°C)
ROOF LIGHT:
Simulation of lux levels from the rooflights. Designers were looking to achieve 300 lux of natural light distributed evenly on the track to minimize need for artificial light during legacy use.
Sketch showing how proposed skylights (blue vertical stripes) will be integrated into the cable net structure.
SOIL TYPE: Alfisols, commonly known as fine red mixture clay soil
Maximum safe bearing capacity = 10,000 kg/m2
• TYPE OF FOUNDATION
• RAFT FOUNDATION.• PILE FOUNDATION.• CONCRETE PIERS
Raft Foundation
Pile Foundation
CONSTRUCTION:
– Some 48,000 cubic meters of material was excavated to create the bowl for the Velodrome, enough to fill 19 Olympic-sized swimming pools– More than 900 piles were driven up to 26 meter’s beneath the ground to complete the foundations of the venue– More than 2,500 sections of steelwork were installed to complete the steel structure of the Velodrome.
Sustainability elements:– The building has been designed to be lightweight and efficient to reflect the efficient design of a bicycle– Use of abundant daylight through strategically positioned rooflights reduces need for artificial lighting and allows natural ventilation– Water saving fittings built into design to allow collection of rainwater for reuse in building, helping reduce water consumption– Lightweight cable-net roof structure weighs 30kg/m2 compared to 65kg/m2 for the Beijing Velodrome, helping create a highly efficient building
The 6,000 seat venue will host the Olympic and Paralympic indoor Track Cycling events.More than 900 piles have been driven to depths of up to 26m to complete the foundations of the London 2012 Velodrome − the Olympics main
cycling venue.
VELODROME FOUNDATIONS PROGRESS
Raft Foundation
Pile Foundation
Concrete Piers
FORM:
FORM :
- As tension structures are very sensitive to movement at the supports, the Velodrome roof needed a stiff steel compression ring, which was in turn borne by raking trusses that also supported the seating.
-The trusses in turn were rigidly mounted on the concrete base structure. Designers used GSA Analysis modeling software (Oasys) throughout the design process, from form finding the cable net to static analysis to checking the vibration characteristics of the completed building.
Use Software :
-Unlike most double curved surfaces, hyperbolic surfaces have a curious property: you can make them entirely out of straight lines-Hyperbolic surfaces are double-ruled surfaces, meaning that they are formed from two series of parallel lines. The classic version of this is the hyperbolic parabolic, or hyper for short, which you can form by twisting a rectangular plane
ROOF STRUCTURE
welding — each 130m span will come in a single piece 400mm wide and will be fixed to T sections screwed to the cassettes.
The upper portion of each rib will also support the exterior cladding in the form of 288 long, tapered timber cassettes.
Six vertically stacked cassettes will span each bay — a width of about 8m — and these will be over clad with timber rain screen panels.
Roof Covering and Cladding have supported little more than a fabric skin. high level of insulation was required. The roof will be formed of panel units or cassettes, to be detailed by the contractor.Most will be 3.6 x 3.6m solid units, plus strips of narrower roof light units made up in a similar way.Four cranes will drop the panels into place, while the roof will be temporarily weatherproofed with fold-over strips between the cassettes. On top of this, a vapor membrane and Calzip aluminum cladding will be placed.
The basic structure of the roof is a cable net, a criss-cross of tensile members held at the perimeter. Engineer Andrew Weir draws an analogy with the taut strings of a tennis racket. This solution was chosen in large part because it will be fast to erect, but it will also be light and efficient.
MATERIAL USE :
. The cable net forms a 3.6 m grid, with the intersections serving as support points for wooden cassette elements with an aluminum standing-seam roof surface. Compared to a conventional structure, a saving of approximately 1,000 tones of steel was possible thanks to the construction based on tension elements and a ring beam.
The cable net roof is composed of galvanized steel cables arranged in pairs, each with a diameter of 36 mm. Hydraulic jacks were used to tension the cable net until the ends of the cables could be attached to tension control bolts connected to the circular compression member of the primary structure
Each cable was prepared in advance and marked with the precise position of the intersection nodes to produce a 3.60-metre grid of right-angled roof panels after tensioning. Cast steel clamps connect intersecting cable pairs and carry support points for the roof covering
Timber frame panels make up the load-carrying layer of the roof construction. Joints between the elements (6 centimeters in width on average) allow for movement in the 'soft' roof construction. A corner of each of four panels is independently supported by a bracket and a connecting plate.
5,000 m² of red cedar wood were used for the wood façade. Energy losses are minimized by an exact fit of altogether 192 prefabricated façade elements into the curved shape of the building envelope. The wooden panels are fitted with ventilation flaps and allow a predominantly natural ventilation of the Velodrome.
A polyester fabric coated with PVC on either side was used to bridge the gap between upper tier and roof, offering high durability as well as maximum flexibility. These 'screens' hide the ventilation technology while at the same time providing a fall protection barrier at the rear of the tier areas for spectators. They form a visually continuous band around the whole bowl-shaped arena, filling the void between the varying levels of the seating bleachers and the curved roof.
Precast prestressed concrete is the overwhelming choice for stadiums and arenas because of its
• Unlimited design options
• High strength and impermeability
• Superior quality and durability
• Speedy, all-weather construction
• Lower cost than cast-in-place concrete
• Low maintenance requirements
Conrete Grade Used : grade 80 , vtu (N/mm2) = 8
Concete Standards Used:
• BS 8500 Concrete: Complementary
• British Standard to BS EN 206-1 BS EN 197
• Cement BS EN 206-1 Concrete: Specification, performance, production and conformity
Building Codes Used
Regulation (EU) No 305/2010
EN 197-1:2000EN 197-4:2004EN 40-5:2002
CEN EN 54-7:2000Fire detection and fire alarm systems - Part 7: Smoke detectors - Point detectors using scattered light, transmitted light or ionization