(Vietnam Logistics Review)VN l mt nn kinh t pht trin nhanh trong qu trnh chuyn i, cng vi yu t chnh tr n nh v v tr a l thun li vi cc tuyn thng mi hng hi nhn nhp nht th gii.Tuy nhin, chi ph logistics ca VN c cho l vn cao hn mt s nc trong khu vc v tin cy trong chui cung ng cha c nh gi cao. Vic nng cao hiu qu trong lnh vc logistics vn cn l mt thch thc, v l mc tiu ca Chnh ph trong k hoch cng c s pht trin di hn ca nn kinh t nc nh.

YU T DN TI S thiu TIN CYTRONG CHUI CUNG NGTrc ht l nhng quy nh ca Chnh ph cng knh v khng d din gii. Do vic din gii, thc hin v thi hnh nhng quy nh ca Chnh ph khng thng nht gia cc tnh v gia cc cn b nh nc. iu ny dn ti qu trnh thc hin cc th tc thng quan XNK din ra lu hn v kh on hn so vi cc nc, vic cha hng khng cn thit trong chui cung ng vn chuyn hng ha mang li li ch ch s hu (BCO), chi ph hnh chnh cao hn cho BCO v cc nh cung cp dch v logistics (LSP).Cng ng BCO v LSP cho rng cn phi c cc khon ph bi trn cho c quan hi quan v cn b cnh st cho nhng phn hng, nguyn liu v thnh phm XNK di chuyn trong chui cung ng t b chm tr nht. iu ny dn ti mt t l s dng cao cc khon thanh ton nh vy trn thc t, thi phng gi logistics cho cc th tc thng quan, khai thu hi quan, kim tra hng ha v vn ti ng b. Hn na, chnh iu ny cng to nn s khng ng u v khng minh bch i vi cc hot ng thng mi quc t vtrong nc.Cc d n c s h tng GTVT c ln k hoch v ch yu thc hin tch ri, khng c phng php tip cn chin lc v hnh lang a m hnh m t cn nhc ti vn cung cu. iu ny cng vi nhng nguyn nhn khc, to ra nhng tr ngi cho vn v tin cy nh: H thng bn cng bin b chia ct nhiu, do nhng nh hoch nh ch trng vo s lng hn so vi cht lng, dn ti d tha nng lc. Cc d n ng cao tc cho php vn chuyn hng ha ti cng ni a (ICD), cng bin v cng hng khng vi t cch l nhng phng tin tch hp t khi c ln k hoch v thc hin, lm tc nghn ng cao tc v lm suy yu tim nng lu thng hng ha ca h thng cng. Mt vn na l ngun ti tr cho nhiu d n c s h tng ng b v cng thng yu do nh gi khng chnh xc v nhu cu trong tng lai, lm tn hi li ch ca khu vc t nhn; chi ph xy dng cao so vi cc nc bn; v s tham gia lin tc ca cc DN nh nc trong c rt nhiu DN c cc khon n ln v thng c lnh vc kinh doanh ngoi ngnh ngh chnh. Cui cng l ng st khng phi l mt phng thc hu hiu trong vn ti hng ha.CI THIN TIN CY CA CHUI CUNG NGTrc tin l hin i ha h thng hi quan, Hi quan VN nn tng gp i n lc trong vic t ng ha hon ton cc th tc thng quan cng sm cng tt (mc tiu vo nm 2014 theo k hoch). iu ny s lm gim ng k s can thip ca con ngi v cng vic giy t, ng thi em li quy trnh thng quan nht qun, c th d on c v minh bch. H thng ny s cho php cc sn phm c hon tt cc th tc thng quan ng thi hn do tt c cc hot ng tng tc vi cn b hi quan lin quan ti thit lp phn loi thu quan, nh gi sn phm, giy php ph hp v nhng th tc hi quan khc s c gii quyt trc khi xut v nhp khu hng ha trong thc t.m bo cc quy nh v hot ng ca Chnh ph lin quan n thng mi quc t phi minh bch, c din gii, p dng v thc thi nht qun. Bn cnh vn v hi quan cc bn tham gia vn chuyn hng ha cn gp phi nhng chi ph vn hnh khng cn thit. to thun li cho thng mi quc t v gim chi ph cho cc bn tham gia vn ti hng ha, Chnh ph cn thit lp nhng thng t v ngh nh d dng p dng ci thin vic din gii, p dng v thi hnh cc quy nh php l mt cch nht qun. Kim tra vic thc hin nhim v ca mi cn b hi quan v nhng cn b nh nc khc cc tnh thnh. R sot li nhng quy nh v thng mi quc t c hiu lc VN n gin ha, tt nht l c s tham kho kin ca cc bn tham gia vn ti hng ha. Gim s lng h s v chng nhn yu cu i vi hng ha XNK.Xy dng cc d n c s h tng GTVT a m hnh, s dng phng php tip cn hnh lang tch hp. Cn y mnh cng tc lp k hoch v thc hin gim st d n m bo ng thi hn, ci thin kt ni ng thy ni a ph hp vi k hoch xy dng cng, v gim thiu nh hng gy tc nghn giao thng cc b trong cc thnh ph ln.Thc y ngnh vn ti ng b chuyn nghip hn. Hin nay, cc quy nh vn ti ng b v nhng vn trn cn phi sa i v phi tng cng cng tc thc thi. C th cng c ngnh vn ti ng b bng cch thc y tip cn tn dng i vi cc hng vn ti ng b. Nghin cu nhng phng n khc gim t l chy khng ti mt chiu v, ci thin u t lin doanh vi cc cng ty vn ti ng b nc ngoi v pht trin cc tiu chun kim sot kh thi cht ch hn.

(Vietnam Logistics Review)Theo nh quan st, hu ht hot ng sn xut trn th gii v ang chuyn dch sang khu vc ng Nam v s tip tc trong thp k ti. Mc d iu ny ng ngha vi nhiu c hi vic lm hn cho chu , n cng gy nn gnh nng mi trng ng k trong khu vc.Khi nim qun l chui cung ng xanh thng c hiu l lm kinh doanh vi cc nh cung cp tun th cc tiu chun theo quy nh. Tuy nhin, qua nhiu nm, nh ngha v chui cung ng xanh khng ch gii hn nh trn, m cn bao gm vic hp tc vi cc nh cung cp trong thit k cc sn phm xanh, t chc hi tho nng cao nhn thc, v gip cc nh cung cp thit lp chng trnh v mi trng ca ring mnh.

XU HNG chu , c mt s yu t gii thch cho l do ti sao cc DN ang dn hng n qun l chui cung ng xanh. Mt trong s l ngy cng nhiu c ng cam kt theo hng pht trin bn vng. H gm cc chnh ph, cc nh bn l v cc DN khc; mt chic rng khng ch bao gm phn khc ngi tiu dng.C mt xu hng ang pht trin chu , theo ngi tiu dng sn sng tr gi cao hn cho cc sn phm xanh. iu ny l do h bt u nhn thc c thc t rng s dng cc sn phm xanh khng cn l mt s la chn, m l mt iu tt yu.Trong mt cuc kho st tin hnh trn 17 quc gia v hn 13.000 ngi c hi, khong 70% ngi tiu dng Nht Bn sn sng chp nhn tr mc gi cao hn 5%, tip theo l c vi 57% v Singapore mc 55%.Mt l do khc khin cc cng ty chu bt u p dng thc hnh chui cung ng xanh l do p lc t pha cc nh bn l. V d, cc quy nh nghim ngt ca chu u v Gim cc cht c hi (RoHS), Cht thi thit b in v in t (WEEE) v quy nh ng k, nh gi, cp php, hn ch cc cht ha hc (REACH) buc cc nh cung cp chu phi thay i phng php sn xut trong khi cc chnh ph c gng hi ha lut php ca mnh vi thc t thng mi. c hiu qu, chui cung ng xanh nn c thc hin trong tt c cc giai on ca m hnh tham chiu chui cung ng SCOR. Trong giai on lp k hoch, cc cng ty c th bt u bng cch s dng cc cng c nh tnh ton chi ph mi trng, phn tch vng i mi trng v thit k sn phm thn thin vi mi trng.Trong giai on tm ngun cung ng, cc chuyn gia thu mua c th tham gia vo khu kim ton mi trng thc hin bi mt bn th ba, v lm vic vi cc nh cung cp c chng ch mi trng nh Green Seal hoc Blue Angel.Trong qu trnh sn xut thc t, DN nn tp trung vo thc hin cc gii php chng nhim s dng cc cng c nh ISO 14000. Cng c ny gii quyt nhiu kha cnh khc nhau ca qun l mi trng, cung cp cc cng c thit thc DN v t chc xc nh v kim sot tc ng ca h ln mi trng trong khi lin tc ci thin thnh tch mi trng.Khi xut hng ha thnh phm, DN cng nn t trng tm vo logistics xanh o lng v gim thiu cc tc ng ca hot ng logistics ln h sinh thi, bao gm cc hot ng ca dng sn phm chuyn tip cng nh logistics ngc gia im xut pht v im tiu th.NHNG THCH THC TRONG CHUI CUNG NG XANHChuyn i qu trnh v hot ng chui cung ng theo hng bn vng i hi DN phi xc nh v phn tch mt s ro cn v thch thc.Thch thc ln nht ca pht trin bn vng trong chui cung ng chnh l chi ph. DN b ging x gia vic gim tc ng ca hot ng kinh doanh ln mi trng v tng chi ph ti chnh. H gp mu thun v vic liu nn theo ui li nhun bng mi gi, hay nn c trch nhim vi mi trng m hy sinh mt phn li nhun.Mt thch thc khc l i ph vi s phc tp ngy cng tng do cc vn pht trin bn vng trong chui cung ng. Tn ti mt th tin thoi lng nan gia s bn vng x hi v bn vng mi trng, ni m nhng ci tin trong kh nng tip cn v c s h tng c th lm tng tnh di ng, nhng mt khc cng dn n suy thoi bn vng mi trng do cc hot ng logistics ngy cng tng.Do , thch thc ln cho nghin cu qun l chui cung ng l s pht trin ca cc m hnh v quan im mi. iu ny l cn thit gip cc c nhn v DN nm bt v ng u vi s phc tp ngy cng tng do pht trin bn vng mang li.Hin nay, ph xanh chui cung ng bt u bn r ti chu . S liu cho thy 79% DN hng u t chun ISO 14001 t chc hi tho nng cao nhn thc cho cc nh cung cp ca mnh, trong khi 76% thng xuyn thng tin cho cc nh cung cp v nhng li ch ca quy trnh sn xut sch, v 71% u t vo vic hng dn cc nh cung cp thit lp cc chng trnh mi trng.Cc cng ty tin hnh cc sng kin mi trng v vn ng ph xanh cc nh cung cp nhn thy iu ny lm tng kh nng cnh tranh ca h v, v lu di, tng kt qu hot ng kinh tGIA HN theo SupplyChain Asia Pht trin h tng Logistics ng b27/03/2015 - 10:43 AM(Vietnam Logistics Review)H tng logistics nc ta cn ngho nn, b tr cn cha hp l. iu ny lm ngnh cng nghip logistics km pht trin do chi ph GTVT cao v thiu tnh cnh tranh.H TNG LOGISTICSCHA HP LTheo thng k, s lng cu bn p ng cho tu trn 50 nghn DWT lm hng ch chim mt t l rt nh. Tuy c u t trong mt thi gian kh di nhng hin nay, ch c mt s t cng c trang b mt s phng tin xp d kh hin i, cn li cc cng bin khc ca VN ch yu vn s dng cc thit b cha hin i. Theo cc nh gi, nng sut xp d ca cc cng ca nc ta cn kh thp so vi cc cng trong khu vc. ng hng khng nhiu thi im cn cha p ng c nhu cu vn chuyn. Hn na, cht lng ng b li rt yu km v cn nhiu bt cp. Thit k ng gn nh cha tnh n vic vn chuyn bngcontainer nn khng ph hp vi yu cu ca vn chuyn loi hnh ny. iu ny lm gim nng lc vn ti ng b v lm tng chi phlogistics. Trong khi , tng chiu di ng st ca nc ta cao hn so vi cc nc khc trong khu vc nhng cht lng th cn km. Nhiu tuyn ng b cp tnh v cp huyn cha c nng cp nn cht lng tr nn km.Nhn chung h tng logistics nc ta cn ngho nn, b tr cha hp l v cht lng km. iu ny lm cho mt nc km pht trin nh nc ta c ngnh cng nghiplogistics km pht trin do chi ph GTVT cao v thiu tnh cnh tranh. T , nhiu kin cho rng cht lng dch v logistics ti VN cha t c so vi yu cu pht trin kinh t - x hi v hi nhp kinh t khu vc v th gii. So vi cc quc gia trong khu vc ASEAN, c s h tng logistics ca nc ta cn yu km, thiu ng b v kh lc hu. Trang thit b cha hin i, h thng kho bi c quy m nh v manh mn. Cc h thng GTVT cn nhiubt cp.Tnh trng ny lm cho tc lu chuyn trong logistics chm vi mc chi ph kh cao v do lm cho kh nng cnh tranh thp. Nhiu loi cc ph cn cao lm nh hng n mi trng kinh doanh ca dch v logistics nh cc ph sn bay, cc ph vn chuyn ng b, chi ph dch v kho bi, ph cng bin... Hn na, nng lc vn ti ca cc DN kinh doanh ca VN cn nhiu hn ch, cha theo kp vi s pht trin ca lnh vcdch v logistics.U T PHT TRIN H TNG CNTT LOGISTICSH tng CNTT l mt trong nhng yu t k thut c nh hng rt quan trng i vi s pht trin ca bt k lnh vc no. iu ny cng ng i vi lnh vclogistics. Theo cc chuyn gia th c s h tng CNTT phc v cho pht trin logistics bao gm rt nhiu yu t nh mng li thng tin phc v sn xut, trao i d liu in t... pht trin h thng CNTT phc v logistics, nh nc cn y mnh vic thit lp h thng thng tin gia cc bn lin quan trong qu trnh kinh doanh c th cp nht mt cch nhanh chng nhng thng tin v phng tin vn chuyn cng nh cc hng ha c vn chuyn, trin khai kp thi cc dch v v hi quan, t chc xp d v giao hng, gim c thi gian vn chuyn v gii phng nhanh chng phng tin vn chuyn, hn ch cc chi ph pht sinh trong qu trnh logistics. Ngoi ra, nh nc cn c k hoch hin i ha h thng truyn thng, pht trin internet m bo thng tin c truyn i nhanh chng v an ton, gp phn nng cao hiu qu cc dch v cung cp cho cc DNlogistics cng nh cc DN khc. m bo c h tng vin thng internet th s nng cao hiu qu v sc cnh tranh ca lnh vc logistics VN cng nh ca cc DN logistics.H TNG GIAO THNG NG B V TIN TINi vi lnh vc logistics, khng c c s vt cht ng b v hin i th kh c th mang li hiu qu cao. Kt cu h tng v cc phng tin vt cht k thut ca GTVT c vai tr ht sc to ln trong vic pht trin cc dch v logistics. Pht trin v hin i ha h thng c s vt cht k thut ca GTVT l cng vic ht sc cn thit phc v yu cu pht trin kinh t - x hi nh nh hng ca i hi ng ln th XI l xy dng h thng kt cu h tng ng b vi mt s cng trnh hin i, tp trung vo h thng giao thng. Vic ny cng s c nhng tc ng ht sc to ln n s pht trin dch v logistics trong giai on ti. i vi vn ti bin, trong giai on ti, cn tp trung xy dng v pht trin cc cng v nng cp i tu. y l cng vic rt quan trng bi 90% hng ha XNK ca nc ta l vn chuyn bng ng bin. Mt khc hin nay, h thng cng bin ca nc ta cn rt nhiu bt cp.V th, cn phi tp trung xy dng v pht trin cng bin cho hp l, ng thi cn c tm nhn pht trin cn thit cho tng lai. Pht trin logistics lun gn vi qu trnh pht trin hng hi v s pht trin ca phng thc vn chuyn bng container p ng yu cu nhanh chng, an ton v hiu qu. V vy, cn tp trung xy dng cngcontainer v cc cng trung chuyn phc v cho nhu cu vn chuyn container trong nc v khu vc nhm nng cao hiu qu ca chui cung ng cho DN sn xut, kinhdoanh, v t nng cao hiu qu dch v logistics.V vn u t, cn a dng ha ngun vn thc hin vic xy dng h thng cc c s h tng logistics bao gm vn ngn sch, vn ODA, vn vay nc ngoi. Cc ngun vn ny cn c s dng xy mi, ci to v nng cp cc cng bin ln, no vt lung lch, trang b cc thit b, ci to v xy mi h thng kho cng sc tip nhn cc tu container ln ph hp vi xu hng pht trin hng hi ca th gii. Ti cc a phng, ngun kinh ph u t xy dng cng cng phi c s dng c hiu qu v thit thc theo quy hoch pht trin.PHT TRIN CC TUYN VN TI MI V I TUC th ni, nc ta, h thng vn ti c rt nhiu loi hnh vi nhiu tuyn ng kh thun li. Tuy nhin, trong thi gian sp ti, nh nc cn tip tc nghin cu v thc hin vic m mi cc tuyn vn ti p ng yu cu ngy cng cao v lu thng hng ha trong nc v quc t. Trong thi gian va qua, nh nc ch yu tp trung vo u t pht trin cc cng bin cn vic xy dng v pht trin cc i tu l do cc ngnh v DN t b vn.Trong thc tin, vic u t pht trin i tu l mt vic cn vn u t rt ln nn vic ny khng th cc ngnh v DN t lm m cn phi c s h tr ca Nh nc. Trong thi gian ti, cc i tu nc ta cn phi c u t theo hng hin i ha v chuyn dng ha. lm c iu ny, Nh nc cn c cc chnh sch h tr u t cc cng ty vn ti bin c th thu, mua hay vay mua tu bin mi. Nh nc cn c cc chnh sch thu ph hp to iu kin pht trin i tu theo yu cu ca s pht trin. Mt khc, nh nc cng cn c cc chnh sch pht trin i tu bng cch u t vo ngnh cng nghip ng tu nng cao nng lc cnh tranh ca ngnh, khuyn khch ng cc loi tu bin c trng ti ln v cc tu container.U T C HIU QUVic u t mt cch hiu qu vo h tng c s logistics s lm gia tng hiu sut ca nn kinh t VN, gip cho hng ha v dch v ca VN gim c cc chi ph logistics, vn l mt trong nhng loi chi ph chim t trng cao t gip cho hng ha v dch v ca VN gia tng c sc cnh tranh. Hng lot gii php cn c thc hin, m quan trng nht l cng tc u t ny cn to ra mt h thng c s vt cht k thut hon chnh vi tm nhn xa vic lu thng hng ha trong ni a VN cng nh vi khu vc v th gii l an ton v hiu qu. Mt lot cc c s vt cht cn phi c u t mt cch c hiu qu gp phn thc hin mt trong nhng mi t ph chin lc khng ch em li li ch cho lnh vc logistics m cn em li li ch cho c nn kinh t, gip cho kinh t nc ta c nhng tin to nn tnh kh thi cho s thnh cng ca qu trnh cng nghip ha hin i ha t nc n nm 2020.ThS. Cao Ngc Thnh