logic functions practice.xls

8/20/2019 Logic Functions Practice.xls

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Excel Logical Functions

Contents Guide to topics: For a result that...

...is a logical value (true or false) use

AND, OR, NOT

...is another calculation or another value us

* IF, AND, OR

*

* ...filters and calculates use

COUNTIF, SUMIF

...is a calculation that multiplies and adds u

SUMPRODUCT

* For more on the olive oil logic exercises see the

"Proficiency xercises ! olutions" document ! #or$%oo$.

Function Introduction

AND

AND OR NOT

IF

Nested IFs

Olive Oil Logic - 1

Olive Oil Logic - 2

Olive Oil Logic - 3

IF Budget

IF AND

SUMIF

OUNTIF

SUM!RODUT


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e


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About functions

Functions are predefined formulas that perform calculations

%y using specific values& called arguments& in a particular order&

or structure. Functions can %e used to perform simple or complexcalculations.

follo#ed %y the function name& an opening parenthesis& the arguments

for the function separated %y commas& and a closing parenthesis.

' or F+& arrays& error values such as ,-& or cell references.

'he argument you designate must produce a valid value for that argument.

rguments can also %e constants& formulas& or other functions.

the /nsert Function dialog %ox helps you enter #or$sheet functions.

s you enter a function into the formula& the /nsert Function dialog %ox

displays the name of the function& each of its arguments& a description

of the function and each argument& the current result of the function&

and the current result of the entire formula.

/n certain cases& you may need to use a function as one of the arguments

of another function. For example& the follo#ing formula uses a nested

0G function and compares the result #ith the value 12.

the same type of value that the argument uses. For example& if the argument

returns a ' or F+ value& then the nested function must return a '

or F+. /f it doesn3t& 4icrosoft xcel displays a ,0+5 error value.

functions. 6hen Function 7 is used as an argument in Function &

Function 7 is a second8level function. For instance& the 0G function

and the 4 function are %oth second8level functions %ecause they are

function #ould %e a third8level function& and so on.

Stuctue! 'he structure of a function %egins #ith an e9ual sign ()&

Function na"e. For a list of availa%le functions& clic$ a cell and press ;/F'


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arguments of the /F function. function nested #ithin the 0G

Note&

'o s#itch %et#een vie#ing the results of a function or formula and

vie#ing the formulas that return the results& choose one of the

follo#ing techni9ues:

?. Press C'+


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Contents


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Excel's AND Function

Fo"ula Desci'tion (Result)

"AND#TRU$% TRU$& All 'rgu(ents 're true) Result* TRU$

"AND#TRU$% FALS$& One 'rgu(ent is +'lse) Result* FALS$

"AND#2,2"% 2,3".& All 'rgu(ents ev'lu'te to true) Result* TRU$

"AND#2,2"% 2,3"1/& One 'rgu(ent is +'lse) Result* FALS$

Notes on t*e AND Function

eturns ' if all its arguments are 'B returns F+ if one or more argument is F+.

S+ntax& AND(logical,logical-, !!!)

Re"a.s 'he arguments must evaluate to logical values such as ' or F+&

or the arguments must %e arrays or references that contain logical values.

/f an array or reference argument contains text or empty cells& those values are ignored.

/f the specified range contains no logical values& - returns the ,0+5 error value.

+ogicalA& logical?& ... are A to =2 conditions you #ant to test that can %e either ' or F+


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.

Return to Contents


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AND, OR, NOT

Data

A1D

E

Fo"ula

-(717& 71H7I)

J(717& 71H7I)

-J'(71


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Desci'tion (Result)

/s A1 greater than D and less than EL esult: F+

/s A1 greater than D or less than EL esult: '

/s A1 plus D not e9ual to ?KL esult: F+

t one or more conditions

s.

e true to return '.

must %e true to return '.

(' or F+) is reversed.

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The IF Function

Data

./

Fo"ula

"IF#B.0"1//%itin 4udget%Over 4udget&

"IF#B."1//%SUM#BigR'nge&%&

Notes on t*e IF Function

eturns one value if a condition you specify evaluates

and another value if it evaluates to F+.

se /F to conduct conditional tests on values and for

S+ntax& IF(logical/test,%alue/if/tue,%alue/if/fa

For example& A2A22 is a logical expressionB if the v

the expression evaluates to '. Jther#ise& the exp

'his argument can use any comparison calculation op

if this argument is the text string "6ithin %udget" and

evaluates to '& then the /F function displays the

/f logicalMtest is ' and valueMifMtrue is %lan$& this

'o display the #ord '& use the logical value '

0alueMifMtrue can %e another formula.

if this argument is the text string "Jver %udget" and

evaluates to F+& then the /F function displays the

/f logicalMtest is F+ and valueMifMfalse is omitted&

Logical/test is any value or expression that can %e

#alue/if/tue is the value that is returned if logical

#alue/if/false is the value that is returned if logica


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valueMifMtrue& there is no comma)& then the logical v

/f logicalMtest is F+ and valueMifMfalse is %lan$ (th

there is a comma follo#ed %y the closing parenthesis)

is returned. 0alueMifMfalse can %e another formula.

Re"a.s

p to seven /F functions can %e nested as valueMifMtrue

arguments to construct more ela%orate tests.

6hen the valueMifMtrue and valueMifMfalse arguments a

/F returns the value returned %y those statements.

/f any of the arguments to /F are arrays& every eleme

is evaluated #hen the /F statement is carried out.


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Desci'tion (Result)

to '

ulas.

se)

lue in cell A2 is e9ual to A22&

ression evaluates to F+.

erator.

the logicalMtest argument

text "6ithin %udget".

argument returns 2 (Nero).

for this argument.

he logicalMtest argument

text "Jver %udget".

(that is& after

I+ te v'lue in ell B. is less t'n or e5u'l to 1//% ten te+or(ul' dis6l'7s itin 4udget) Oter8ise% te +unctiondis6l'7s Over 4udget) Result* Over 4udget

I+ te nu(4er '4ove is 1//% ten te r'nge n'(edBigR'nge is su((ed) Oter8ise% e(6t7 te9t #& is returned)Result* e(6t7 te9t

evaluated to ' or F+.

Mtest is '. For example&

lMtest is F+. For example&

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lue F+ is returned.

t is& after valueMifMtrue&

& then the value 2 (Nero)

and valueMifMfalse

re evaluated&

t of the array


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Nested IF Statements

Scoe

K1D2

IE

Fo"ula

/F(71ED&""&/F(71ID&"7"& /F(71D&"C"&/F(711D&""&"F"))))

/F(7ED&""&/F(7ID&"7"& /F(7D&"C"&/F(71D&""&"F"))))

/F(7IED&""&/F(7IID&"7"& /F(7ID&"C"&/F(7I1D&""&"F"))))

Notes&

/n the examples a%ove& the second /F statement is also the valueMifMfalse

argument to the first /F statement. imilarly& the third /F statement is the

valueMifMfalse argument to the second /F statement. For example& if the

first logicalMtest (verageED) is '& "" is returned. /f the first logicalMtes

is F+& the second /F statement is evaluated& and so on.

'he letter grades are assigned to num%ers using the follo#ing $ey.

If Scoe is

Greater than ED

From E2 to ED

From I2 to ID

From 2 to D

+ess than 2


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Desci'tion (Result)

ssigns a letter grade to the first score (F).

ssigns a letter grade to the second score ().

ssigns a letter grade to the third score (C).

T*en etun

7

C

F

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Olive Oil Loic ! "

Costgallon for the first 122 gallons: 0-1

Costgallon for gallons a%ove 122: 0-2-um%er of gallons:

2

341

522

622

Formulas to calculate the cost of:

A2 gallons: 0 -12 /F(7IH122&CK*

KE= gallons: 0 ,27 /F(7EH122&CK*

122 gallons: 0 ,522 /F(7DH122&CK*

A22 gallons: 0 11,522 /F(7A2H122&CK*

Loic%ro&l

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I& 122*CK


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Olive Oil Loic ! (

Costgallon for the first 122 gallons: 0-1

Costgallon for the next 122 gallons: 0-2Costgallon for gallons A&222: 05

-um%er of gallons:

,622

341

-22

Formulas to calculate the cost of: Chec$:

A22 gallons: 0 12,522 s*oul$ be

KE= gallons: 0 ,27 s*oul$ be?22A gallons: 0 16,55 s*oul$ be

Loic%ro&l

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12,522 /F(7EH122&7E*OCOK&/F(7EHA222&(122*OCOK)


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O1)


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Olive Oil Loic ! )

4ore +ogic Practice #ith a ifferent +ayout.

'he formulas here use 4/-& 4& a nested /F& and 4PJC'.

622 341

gallons gallons

galsprice level galsprice level

First 122 gallons at 0-1!22 122 KE=

-ext 122 gallons at 0-2!22 122 2

ny additional gallons at 05!22 22 2

Cost: 0 12,522 0 ,27

4/-(;OD& OOA?) 4/-(/OD& OOA?)

4(/F(;ODHOOA?<OOA=& ;OD8OOA?&OOA=)& 2)

4(/F(/ODHOOA?<OOA=& /OD8OOA?&OOA=)& 2)

/F(;ODA222& ;OD8A222& 2)

/F(/ODA222& /OD8A222& 2)

8SUMPRODUCT(0F0-&0F03, 9-&93)

8SUMPRODUCT(0F0-&0F03, I-&I3)

Loic #sed $or the Olive Oil%ro&lem in the %ro$icienc

Exercises

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-22

gallons

galsprice level

122

122

A22A

0 16,55

4/-(QOD& OOA?)

4(/F(QODHOOA?<OOA=& QOD8OOA?&OOA=)& 2)

/F(QODA222& QOD8A222& 2)

8SUMPRODUCT(0F0-&0F03, :-&:3)


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IF ! *udet exam+le

Actual Ex'ensesOA&122

O122

Fo"ula

/F(71C1&"Jver 7udget"&"JR")

/F(7C&"Jver 7udget"&"JR")


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;u$gete$ Ex'ensesOD22

OD22

Desci'tion (Result)

Chec$s #hether the first ro# is over %udget. esult: Jver 7udget

Chec$s #hether the second ro# is over %udget. esult: JR

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IF ith nested AND

Data

./

1/

Fo"ula

"AND#10B.% B.01//&

Notes-

In e'c +or(ul' '4ove 'n AND +unction

nested inside 'n IF +unction) Te AND

+unction serves 's te +irst 6'r'(eter o

IF +unction) I+ te AND +unction ev'lu't

TRU$% ten te 2nd IF +unction 6'r'(

returned) I+ te AND +unction ev'lu'tes

FALS$% ten te 3rd IF +unction 6'r'(

returned)

"IF#AND#10B:% B:01//&%B:% Tev'lue is out o+ r'nge)&

"IF#AND#10B.% B.01//&% B.% Tev'lue is out o+ r'nge)&


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Desci'tion (Result)

Te v'lue ./ is 4et8een 1 'nd 1//) Result* TRU$

Dis6l'7s te v'lue ./ or dis6l'7s ' (ess'ge) Result* ./

is

+ te

s 's

ter is

's

ter is

Dis6l'7s te v'lue 1/ or dis6l'7s ' (ess'ge) Result* Tev'lue is out o+ r'nge)

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The S#.IF $unction

Po'et+ #alue Co""issionOA22&222 OI&222

O?22&222 OAK&222

O=22&222 O?A&222

OK22&222 O?E&222


4/F(71:7E&"A2222"&C1:CE)

Notes&

S+ntax& SUMIF(ange,citeia,su"/ange)

#ill %e added. For example& criteria can %e expressed as =?& "=?"& "=?"& "appl

Re"a.s&'he cells in sumMrange are summed only if their corresponding cells in range match the

/f sumMrange is omitted& the cells in range are summed.

um commissions for property values overOA2&222. esult: O=&222.

Range is the range of cells you #ant evaluated.

Citeia is the criteria in the form of a num%er& expression& or text that defines #hich

Su"/ange are the actual cells to sum.

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OAK&222

O?A&222

O?E&222

061,222

es".

riteria.

ells


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The CO#NTIF $unction

Fuit Data

apples

oranges

peaches

apples

Fo"ula

CJ-'/F(71:7E&"apples")

CJ-'/F(C1:CE&"11")

Notes

ounts te nu(4er o+ cells 8itin ' r'nge

Sntax- CO#NTIF/rane,criteria0

te9t t't de+ines 8ic cells 8ill 4e count

criteri' c'n 4e e96ressed 's 32% 32% ;3

Rane is te r'nge o+ cells +ro( 8ic 7o

Criteria is te criteri' in te +or( o+ ' nu


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Nu"be Data

E

1K

I1

=?

Desci'tion (Result)

t't (eet te given criteri')

d) For e9'(6le%

2% '66les)

Count the num%er of cells holding "apples" in the

"Fruit ata" column a%ove. esult: ?

Count the num%er of cells #ith a value 11 in the"-um%er ata" column a%ove. esult: ?

u 8'nt to count cells)

4er% e96ression% or

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S#.%ROD#CT

= ?E

A 1

K I

I

D =


4PJC'(71:CI& 1:I)

Notes&

Multi6lies corres6onding co(6onents in te given 'rr'7s% 'nd returns te su(

Sntax- S#.%ROD#CT/arra",arra(,arra), 1110

Remar2s-

Te 'rr'7 'rgu(ents (ust 've te s'(e di(ensions) I+ te7 do not% SUM!R

error v'lue) SUM!RODUT tre'ts 'rr'7 entries t't 're not nu(eric

Aa+ Aa+ -

4ultiplies the components of thet#o arrays and sums the products Sthat is& =*? < E* < A*1 < K*I < *I <D*=. esult: A1

Arr'71% 'rr'72% 'rr'73% ))) 're 2 to 3/ 'rr'7s 8ose co(6onents 7ou 8'nt to

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o+ tose 6roducts)

DUT returns te

's i+ te7 8ere ?eros)

(ulti6l7 'nd ten 'dd)

nts

logic functions practice.xls

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