QUIZ1. Refers to the characteristic way of

acting2. He said that “to know the purpose of

life, one must assume that there is a God”

3. Means that the person performing the act is liable for such act

4. The shared consciousness of prudent people about propriety of a certain action

5. It Posited that “Man is matter and does not have spiritual dimension”

6. A deliberate, intentional, or voluntary actions

7. The selection of the will of those means effective enough to carry out the intention

8. It begins with the assumption that God is the Supreme lawgiver

9. The science of the morality of human act

10.These are indifferent actions

1. Ethos2. Bertrand

Russell 3. Imputability 4. Dictates of

Reason5. Atheistic

Principle6. Human Act7. Election8. Theistic

Approach9. Ethics10.Amoral

OBJECTIVES

1. Define the concept “Modifiers” in relation to Human Acts

2. Explain the various Modifiers of Human acts

3. Explain the principle ‘ignorantia legis non excusat”

4. Explain what is “Ends of an act” 5. Names some errors concerning Happiness6. Understand the “Summum Bonum”

principle7. Explain the determinants of Morality8. Define what is a law and describe its

various types

THE MODIFIERSOFHUMAN ACTS

“The greater the knowledge

and the freedom, the greater the

voluntariness and the moral responsibility”ALFREDO

PANIZO

EXAMPLE:K: “thou shall not

kill”Art. III Sec 1

F: should I kill him or not?

V: I will kill him!MR: criminal offense

either murder or homicide

• Ignorance• Passions• Fear• Violence• Habit

•Factors that influence man’s inner

disposition towards certain actions

• They affect the mental or emotional state of a person to the extent that the

voluntariness involved in an act is either

increased or decreased

• This is significant because the

accountability of the act is correspondingly

increased or decreased

IGNORANCE

Refers to the absence of

knowledge which a person ought to

possess

VINCIBLE

IGNORANCE

Can easily

be remind

ed throug

h ordina

ry diligence and reason

able efforts

INVINCIBLE IGNORANCE

Ignorance

possesses by

a person without being aware of it or having awareness of it but lacks the

means to

rectify it

AFFECTED IGNORANCE

Is a vincible ignorance which a person keeps

by positive efforts in order

to escape responsibility or

blame

EXAMPLE:If you forgot the

number of your gf, there is a way to find it by asking her friends

EXAMPLE:If you gave your friend

a leftover food not knowing it was already spoiled causing her to

vomit intensely

EXAMPLE:A refusal to read the

student handbook accurately so that he may

be exempt from its requirement i.e.

prescribed uniform

“IGNORANCE OF

THE LAW EXCUSES NO

ONE”

This implies that one

should not act in the

state of

ignorance and that one who has

done a

wrong may not

claim ignorance as a

defense

EXAMPLE:Non-Smoking policy in any public places in Davao City

LOGICIlliteracy is not an excuse to abide by the non-smoking

policy in any public places in Davao CityPedro, an illiterate lumad from Calinan was caught

smoking along the premises of SM MallTherefore, he is not excused to abide by the said policy on

the ground of illiteracy

PASSION

ANTECEDENTThose

that precede an act

and may happen that a person

is emotion

ally aroused

to perform an act

PRINCIPLE

Antecedent

passions do not always destroy voluntar

iness, but they diminish accountability for the

resultant act

CONSEQUENT

Those that are

intentionally

aroused and kept and said

to be voluntary in cause, the result of the will

playing the

strings of emotions

PRINCIPLE

Consequent

passions do not lessen

voluntariness,

but may even

increase accountability

Also known as concupiscence which refers to

either tendencies towards or away from undesirable

or harmful objects

DESIRABLE or POSITIVE EMOTION

Love, desire, delight, hope, and

bravery

UNDESIRABLE or NEGATIVEHatred, horror, sadness, despair, fear and anger

LOGICCRIME OF PASSION

Emotionally Motivated Crime

a crime that is motivated by an extreme emotion, especially

sexual jealousy

Voluntariness: getting a knife or a gunAccountability: not murder

LOGIC Clause Expressing

Conditionthe first part of a conditional proposition, which states the

condition and is the p component in a proposition

phrased

"if p then q”LOGIC

Second Half of Conditional Sentencethe part of a conditional

sentence that expresses the result and is the q clause in a proposition of the form

"if p then q"

LOGICREVENGE

the punishment of somebody in retaliation

for harm done

Voluntariness: plan of actionAccountability: murder

FEARThe disturbance of the mind of a person who is

confronted by an impending

danger or harm to himself or love

ones

It is also refers to an instinct for self-preservationA

cts done with fear are voluntary

Acts done because of intense fear or panic are involuntary

PRINCIPLES

SELF DEFENSEdefense of one's person or property from threatened violence or injury by the

exercise of force

VIOLENCE

•Refers to any physical force exerted on a person by another free agent for the purpose of compelling said person to act against his will•Examples are torture, maltreatment, isolation, mutilation, massacre

HABITS

•Defined as a lasting readiness and facility, born of frequently repeated acts, for acting in a certain manner•Requires inclinations towards something to be done, performed with relative ease

THE ENDS OF THE HUMAN ACTThe very reason why man act is to attain his personal aim and he enjoys it. Ends means the purpose or goal of an actIt is that which completes or finishes an act

END OF THE ACT

The natural termination of activity

“every human activity is intended for the attainment of good and this must be objectively genuine, but as free agent, man is able to set his choice on mere apparent goods and false values”ARISTOTLE

Money can buy

happinessHealth

equates with happiness

Earthly pleasures is happiness

Popularity, power and influence is happiness

Full dedication to science and

arts

Promotion to top

government or business

positionSOME ERRORS CONCERNING HAPPINESS

SUMMUM BONUM

“God is the Infinite good and the

greatest good to be attained as the

ultimate end which is the real happiness”

ST. THOMAS AQUINAS

LAW

DIVINE POSITI

VE

Is an ordinance of reason promulgated for the common good

by one who has charge of society

AQUINAS

HUMAN

POSITIVE

Are those promulgated

Or made known to us

by special command

of God

Are those promulgated

By a legitimateHuman

authority either in the

StateOr in the Church

THE DETERMINANTS OF MORALITYTHE ACT I

N

ITSELF

Refers to the nature of an act which is either extrinsic or intrinsically evil

THE MOTIVE OF THE ACT

The purpose which the doer wishes to achieve by such action

CI

RCUMTANCES OF THE ACT

Refers to the event of an act which occur in a definite time and place and accompanied by certain elements which contribute to the nature and accountability of such act

INTRINSIC EVIL ACT

Is one which by its nature, that is by its functional purpose, is wrongful or an act that is evil by nature

EXTRINSIC EVIL ACTIs one which by its nature is not really

evil, although good or indifferent in itself ,

however prohibited by human law

“THE END JUSTIFY THE MEANS”

NICOLLO MACHIAVELLI

Human laws must

conform with divine

laws

Human laws must

promote the common

good

Human laws must be just

and not discriminatory of certain individuals or groups

PROPERTIESOF

HUMAN LAWS