log book part 9

10
2. Considerations/uses BRICK Advantages can be joined with waterbased mortar - Wetness can escape will not deteriorate Disadvantages – expand over time expansion joints required - Absorbs salts/lime from soil > pathologies, aesthetic issues, efflorescence CONCRETE BLOCKS + CLAY BRICKS Uses walls (structural) - Dividing, decorative walls (non load bearing) Considerations: - Two hands to manage - Hollowness reduces weight - Increase insulation ability METALS - Water damage - Oxidation/corrosion = rusting avoid prolonged exposure, sealants, chemical treatments RUBBER Natural uses: seals, gaskets, and insulation Synthetic uses: silicone, control joints, gaskets Considerations: - Weather related damage: lose properties eg) sunlight - Protection: avoid, minimize sunlight GLASS Flat, shaped, float Uses: windows, skylights, cabinets Consideration: - Doubleglazing - Direction of windows heat transfer - durability

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Page 1: Log book part 9

2. Considerations/uses    BRICK-­‐    Advantages  -­‐  can  be  joined  with  water-­‐based  mortar  - Wetness  can  escape  à  will  not  deteriorate  

 Disadvantages  –  expand  over  time  à  expansion  joints  required  - Absorbs  salts/lime  from  soil  -­‐>  pathologies,  aesthetic  issues,  efflorescence  

   CONCRETE  BLOCKS  +  CLAY  BRICKS  Uses  -­‐    walls  (structural)  - Dividing,  decorative  walls  (non  load  bearing)  

 Considerations:    - Two  hands  to  manage  - Hollowness  reduces  weight  - Increase  insulation  ability  

 METALS  - Water  damage    - Oxidation/corrosion  =  rusting  à  avoid  prolonged  exposure,  sealants,  

chemical  treatments    RUBBER  Natural  uses:  seals,  gaskets,  and  insulation  Synthetic  uses:  silicone,  control  joints,  gaskets      Considerations:  - Weather  related  damage:  lose  properties  eg)  sunlight  - Protection:  avoid,  minimize  sunlight  

 GLASS  Flat,  shaped,  float  Uses:  windows,  skylights,  cabinets    Consideration:    - Double-­‐glazing  - Direction  of  windows  à  heat  transfer  - durability  

     

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CONCRETE    1  part  cement,                  2  parts  aggregate  ,    4  parts  course  aggregate,  h2o  à  Portland,  lime                    à  sand                                            à  crushed  rock    Curing:  process  of  drying,  hydration  and  chemical  reaction  (sacrificial  framework)    Formwork:  to  support/  mold  for  concrete,  built  insitu,  temporarily  braced    Finishes:  broad  batten,  part  of  formwork,  racked,  secreted,  smooth,  exposed  aggregate.    Reinforcements:  week  in  tension  à  steel  added  eg)  mesh  or  bars    =  Strong  in  compression  and  tension    Permeable:  Oxidation:  occurs  if  bars  are  exposed  =  degradation                                            Poor  vibration:  compromise  structural  performance        

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WOOD  à  TIMBER                                                                                                

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TERMS    

Week  1  Load  paths  à  most  direct  route  of  force  to  the  ground.  Achieved  through  equal  and  opposite  reaction.    Masonry  à  building  structures  made  from  individual  units  that  are  bound  together.                                                    Eg)  mortar    Compression  à  application  of  balanced  inward  forces  to  different  points  on  a  material.  (Collins  English  Dictionary.2009)    Reaction  force  à  the  opposite  amount  of  force  that  reacts  to  an  applied  force.    Point  load  à  temporary  part  of  the  structure  concentrated  on  one  point.  (Newton,  2014)    Beam  à  sturdy,  long  metal  or  wood  used  as  foundational  support  in  a  building.  (Google,  2014)    

EXTRA  TERMS    

Flutterà  rapid  oscillation  of  membrane  structure.  (Ching,  2008,  pp.  2.09)  Tall  and  slender  building  subject  to  it.    Base  shear  à  minimal  design  value    Equilibrium  à  achieving  a  balance  through  external  restoring  moment  or  internal  resisting  moment.  (Ching,  2008,  pp.  2.08)    

Week  2    Structural  joint  à  how  building  structures  bind  together.    Stability  à  resistance  to  change,  deterioration  and  displacement  (Wifflin,  2009)    Tension  à  pulling  force  exerted  by  a  solid  object    Frame  à  rigid  structure  surrounding  something    Bracing  à  serving  as  a  brace  to  a  structure  as  a  kind  of  support  system    Column  à  upright  pillar  supporting  an  arch  or  other  structure.  Or  standing  alone  as  a  monument.    

Week  3  Moment:  the  standard  a  building  must  be  able  to  withstand  from  a  force    

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Retaining  wall:  structural  wall,  holding  back  earth/water.  Temporary:  during  excavations,  permanently:  sub-­‐structure.    Pad  footing:  isolated,  helps  spread  load  over  wider  area    Strip  footing:  load  from  pile/column  distributed  in  linear  matter.    Slab  on  ground:  foundation  laid  directly  on  ground  without  basement.    Substructure:  underlying  support  structure  of  building.    

Extra  terms  Equilibrium:  Key  words:  balance,  equal  reactions,  and  resistance,  supporting  elements.    Underpinning:  process  of  re-­‐building/  strengthening  foundations  of  an  existing  building  to  extension.  Eg)  oval  pavilion    

Week  4    Joist:  horizontal  support,  spanning  between  two  supports  (Ching,  2008)  eg)  girder    Steel  decking:  structural  system.  Constructed  using  open  web  joist  framing.  (Ching,  2008)    Girder:  skeleton  frame.  (Ching,  2008)  Main  support  for  joists.  Acting  in  center/left/right  or  framework.    Span:  1  way/  2  ways.  Substructure  support  frame.  Can  be  different  lengths  than  beams.    Width/height  In  between  two  members.    Concrete  plank:  precast  with  formwork/  cast  insitu.  Steel  mesh  or  beam  support    Spacing:  repeating  distance  between  similar  elements.  (Ching,  2008)  centre  to  centre.    

Week  5    Stud:  vertical  member  used  as  support  framing  within  a  wall  system.  Connecting  to  top  plates  and  bottom  plates.  Strong  in  compression  when  supported  by  bracings.    Axial  load:    vertical  load  imposed  onto  a  structure.    Noggins:  timber  or  metal  horizontal  panels,  that  span  between  vertical  lengths.  Provide  support  to  maintain  vertical  position.    Lintel:    horizontal  load  bearing  support  that  sits  across  the  top  of  door  frame.    

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Buckling:  the  motion  occurred  on  a  beam  when  magnitude  of  force  implied  is  greater  than  effective  length  and  with  stand  of  material    Seasoned  timber:  timber  moisture  dried  to  a  content  that  is  stable.    

Week  6  Rafter:  beam  forming  part  of  roof  system    Purlin:  horizontal  length  across  roof,  resting  on  other  elements  and  supporting  beams    Cantilever:  beam/  girder  extending  out  past  the  building  and  only  connected  at  one  end.    Portal  frame:  rigid  structure  connect  by  three  beams,  two  vertical  and  top  beam.    Eave:  part  that  meets  with  and  over  hangs  over  the  wall.    Alloy:  composite  material  made  up  of  tow  or  more  metals  to  from  a  monolithic  element.    Soffit:  underside  of  an  element.  Eg)  arch  balconcy    Top  chord:  top  angles  of  the  truss  system    

Extra  terms:  Truss:  fabricated  steel  bolted  or  welded  at  structural  angles  and  tees  to  form  triangulated  framework.  (Ching,  2008)    Grid:  framework  of  spaced  bars  that  are  parallel  to  or  cross  each  other.  (Ching,  2008)    Monolithic:    Formed  from  a  single  block  of  concrete    

Week  7:  Drip:  detail  to  prevent  penetration  of  water  in  crevices.        Vapor  barrier:  damp  proofing  material    Gutter:  collected,  distributes  and  removes  water  from  building    Parapet:  height  differential  between  to  roof  systems    Down  pipe:  remove  water  from  roof  –  to  drain-­‐  to  ground    Flashing:  strip  of  metal  used  to  stop  water  penetrating  in  two  material  junctions    Insulation:  material  used  to  prevent  transfer  of  heat  or  moisture    

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Sealant:    materials  to  make  a  junction  of  material  water  resistant/  waterproof    

Week  8:  Window  sash:  fixed  or  removable  framework  of  a  window  in  which  panes  of  glass  are  set.  (Ching,  2008)    Deflection:  perpendicular  distance  of  a  spanning  member  deviates  from  a  true  course  under  transverse  loads.    Moment  of  inertia:  sum  of  the  products  of  each  elements  of  an  area  and  the  square  of  its  distance  from  a  coplanar  axis  of  rotation.  How  the  cross  section  of  the  member  is  distributed.    Door  furniture:  fixtures  of  a  door.  Includes:  door  leaf,  handle,  lock,  latch,  rough  opening,  head,  jam,  architrave,  sill  threshold,  door  swing  and  stop.    Stress:  action  caused  upon  materials  eg)  concrete  columns,  that  are  under  compressive  or  tensile  forces,  that  the  material  cannot  withstand.    Shear  force:  perpendicular  force  acting  along  a  material  causing  horizontal  sliding.  (Mifflin,  2002)      

Week  9:  Sandwich  panel:  composite  material  made  up  of  hard  external  covering  and  softer  middle    Bending:  to  shape  a  material  at  on  angles    Skirting:  protective  material  of  plasterboard,  found  at  the  bottom  of  walls    Composite  beam:  made  up  of  two  materials,  one  for  reinforcements  e)  reinforced  concrete  beam    Shadow  line  joint:  leaving  of  light  shadow  between  panel  and  extrusion.  (Ching,  2008)    Cornice:  ornamental  sheeting  around  the  top  of  the  ceiling,  aesthetic  appeal    

Week  10:  Shear  wall:  wall  lined  with  bracing  to  resist  lateral  forces  against  seismic  activity    Soft  story:  room  above  house,  non-­‐load  bearing.    Braced  frame:  frame  that  is  diagonally  braced  by  either  timber  or  steel    Lifecycle:  LCA,  from  conception  to  disposal,  and  the  consideration  of  waste,  use,  recyclability,  cradle  –cradle  approach  

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Defect:  imperfection    Fascia:  type  of  aesthetic  covering  =,  that  encompasses  service  details  such  as  box  guttering.  Provide  a  clean-­‐cut  finish.    Corrosion:  when  metal  over  periods  of  time  oxidations  and  rusts    IEQ:  Indoor  environmental  quality                                                                                  

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Reference  List  Ching,  F.  (2008)  Building  construction  illustrated.  (4).  (chap.2),(pp.2.02-­‐2.03)  United  states:  John  Wiley  &sons  ,Inc.    Ching,  F.  (2008)  Building  construction  illustrated.  (4).  (chap.2  ),(pp.2.08-­‐2.11)  United  states:  John  Wiley  &sons  ,Inc.    Collins  English  Dictionary.  (2009).  Co    mpression.  Urban  Dictionary.  March  21,  2014.  Retrieved  from  http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/compression?s=t    European  Panel  Foundation.  (2014)  The  carbon  cycle  of  timber  and  wood  based  products.  [photo  illustrated].    http://www.timber.net.au/index.php/environmental-­‐design-­‐carbon-­‐footprint.html    Google.  (2014).  Beam.  Define:  Beam.  March  21,  2014.  Retrieved  from  https://www.google.com.au/search?client=safari&rls=en&q=define:+beam&ie=UTF-­‐8&oe=UTF-­‐8&gws_rd=cr&ei=MvYqU4b0McWNkwXZ1IGQCQ    Grose.  M.[The  University  of  Melbourne].  (2014,  March,6).  Melbourne’s  Bluestone  “Walking  The  Constructed  City”.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGMA71_3H6o&feature=youtu.be    Linden,  J.E.  (2012)  15  Mojave  River  ranger  Station  -­‐  Sustainable  diagram.  [architectural  diagram].  http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-­‐showcase/2012/10/25/mojave-­‐rivers-­‐ranger-­‐station-­‐in-­‐acton-­‐california-­‐by-­‐marcy-­‐wong-­‐donn-­‐logan-­‐architects/15-­‐mojave-­‐rivers-­‐ranger-­‐station-­‐sustainable-­‐diagram-­‐section/    Mifflin,  H.  (2002).  shear  force.  (he  American  Heritage®  Science  Dictionary)  Retrieved  05  17,  2014,  from  Dictionary.com:  http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/shear  force    Newton,  C.  (2014)  Structural  systems.  [illustrated  image].  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l-­‐-­‐JtPpI8uw&feature=youtu.be    Newton,  C.  [  ENVS10003].  (2014,  March,  5).  W01  m1  Introduction  to  materials.  (YouTube).  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s4CJ8o_lJbg&feature=youtu.be                                                                                                                                                                                      Newton,  C.  [ENVS10003].(2014,  March,  9).  W02  s2  Structural  joints.  [YouTube].  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kxRdY0jSoJo&feature=youtu.be    Wiffilin.H.  (2009).  Stability.  The  Free  Dictionary.  March  21,  2014.  http://www.thefreedictionary.com/stability