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Locating- and Communication Technologies for Smart Objects

Thomas von der Grün, 25.09.2014

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Fraunhofer IIS Wireless Positioning and Communication Technologies

130 scientists/engineers in Nuremberg provide:

n  GNSS SatNav receiver technologies

n  Localization in WLAN-, DECT- and sensor networks

n  Different high resolution local positioning systems based on TOA, Phase or AOA

n  Inertial sensors, Sensor fusion

n  Wireless communication technologies: DECT, sensor networks, telemetry,

n  RFID

n  Applications in Production (Industry 4.0), Logistics, Automotive and Sports based on CPS

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Smart Objects and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) Cyber-Physical-Systems – Enabler for Smart Applications

„thing“

Life cycle of the »Cyber-Physical

System«

Birth

End of life

„smart“

Smart Objects or Cyber-Physical Systems are based on microelectronical systems which

n  have their own identity,

n  create images of the real world based on different sensors,

n  analyze, store and process data describing the real world,

n  actively change reality using different types of interfaces and actuators,

n  use digital networks for communication between each other, with the environment and with the user himself,

n  use or offer globally available data and information services.

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A pragmatic Framework for the Analysis and Design of Problem Solutions based on CPS Industry 4.0 and Cyber-Physical-Systems

„thing“

Life cycle of the “Cyber-Physical

System“

Birth

End of life

„smart“

Needs along the life cycle

process

User

Solutions

delivered by different types of solution providers

based on internet and Cyber-Physical Systems technologies Solution

provider

“The Internet of things IoT“ could be understood as the continuum of

user-oriented problem solutions

which are incorporating

internet technologies as well as Cyber-

Physical Systems

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Wireless Communication: Fraunhofer developements

n  RFID

n  Deterministic wireless communication

n  Wireless Sensor Networks – s-net

Enabling Technologies for Smart Objects Wireless Communication

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Wireless Communication RFID

RFID technologies

n  Reliability tests and evaluation in specific application areas e.g. in metal environment

n  Equipment for evaluation: special motion units, and as of 2012 an entire test centre

n  Development of read/write stations and RFID transponders incl. antenna and chip design for complete RFID solutions

n  Technological enhancements e.g. Combination of sensor and RFID technology, wireless power supply and positioning via RFID

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Management of expensive Pool Parts for commercial Aircrafts in the Aviation Industry Project Examples

n  Problem: No tag available on the market meeting all requirements of permanent parts marking

n  Solution approach: Development of an aviation UHF RFID tag owned by the lead user LHT together with strategic partners

n  Results: Certified UHF RFID transponder embedded into a full tracking and tracing system for spare parts

n  Benefits: Higher spare parts availability, faster processes, higher process quality, competitive advantage

n  Motivation for Cooperation: Expertise in HF product & solution design

Source: Lufthansa Technik

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Wireless Communication Sensor Networks – s-net

n  s-net Communication protocol for multi hop sensor networks

n  Low power

n  Energy harvesting possible

n  Self organization

n  Low configuration

n  Low maintenance

n  Robust

n  Application: Smart Metering, Condition Monitoring Asset Tracking

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Tracking and Tracing of expensive Reusable Transport Containers for expensive optical Devices Project Examples

n  Problem: Missing transparency of high end transport containers in a global distribution network

n  Solution approach: Tracking and tracing of containers using sensor nodes and infrastructure of anchor nodes

n  Results: Customized container node and anchor network, blueprint for Tracking and Tracing service

n  Benefits: Higher container availability and smaller number of containers, minimized costs of pool system

n  Motivation for cooperation: IPR concerning sensor network protocol

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Wireless Communication Robust and long Range Telemetry

n  Transmitting and Receiving

n  Up to 10 km range

n  868 MHz Frequency Band

n  Up to 10.000 mobile unites

n  Based on commercial chip sets -> low costs

n  „Telegram Splitting“ for high performance

n  Application for “Industry 4.0”, logistics or security

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Fraunhofer IIS and TI technology at the FIFA World Cup 2014 in Brasil

n  Wireless link with the referee watch in the goal line technology (modified TI Chronos ez 430) currently at the World Cup in Brasil

n  Secure and reliable data transmission to the referees

n  Covers one stadium with only one 868 MHz transmitter

n  Very long operating time: >12 h, >1000 goal messages incl. vibration

n  In general Fraunhofer IIS integrates customer-specific telemetry solutions: e.g. Telegram Splitting System in a wide range distributed sensor net (with 8 dBm transmit power and a receiver sensitivity of -140 dBm, range >10 km)

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Enabling Technologies for Smart Objects Wireless Positioning

Run-Time Measurement TOA, TDOA, RTT

d = c * t 100 psec ≅ 3 cm

Angle Measurement

AOA, DOA

Contiguous Relations

Inertial sensors Acceleration

Position Compass

Phase Measurement

λ = c / f

Received Signal Strength Indication RSSI

α β

Anchor

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Wireless Positioning Project Example: RedFIR® – Local TDOA-System n  144 tags (miniature transmitters):

12 balls, 126 player tags, 6 fixed calibration tags

n  12 receiving antennas in the stadium

n  2.4 GHz ISM-band

n  Balls: 2000 positions per second Player tag: 200 positions per second

n  Total capacity: 50.000 3D-positions per second

n  TOA and phase measurement by correlation to known sequences

n  Extended Kalman-Filter for position calculation

n  Quasi realtime processing

n  Abs. accuracy horizontal: cm-range

n  Resolution of relative movement in the mm-range!

n  Event processing and sport applications

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n  UWB Impulse Radio

n  RTT-architecture: 1D-ranging

n  TDOA-architecure: 3D-positions

n  high precision (cm)

n  Combination sensor networks

n  Integration of commercial chip sets (Beespoon, Decawave)

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Distance (m)

Stan

dard

dev

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the

abso

lute

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r (cm

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Sens. level change20cm cal.dist., 05ns int.win., 20acq., with filter20cm cal.dist., 05ns int.win., 40acq., with filter20cm cal.dist., 1ns int.win., 20acq., with filter20cm cal.dist., 2ns int.win., 20acq., with filter20cm cal.dist., 2ns int.win., 40acq., with filter

5mV/div50mV/div 20mV/div 10mV/div

Wireless Positioning Project Example: UWB Ranging Platform based on TDOA

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Wireless Positioning Angle Measurement

Angle Measurement: Fraunhofer developments

n  Developments in the area of angle measurement with the help of MUSIC or ESPRIT algorithms

n  Usage of various frequencies e.g. 868 MHz, 2,4 GHz, 5,8 GHz

n  Potential mid-level accuracy within 1m

n  Infrastructure (Goniometer) and transmitter (WISMIT) at hand

n  Angle measurement also in combination with RTT systems

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Use Case semiconductor fabrication

Wireless Positioning Locating of Smart Objects – ORAT

§  Innovative locating technologies in an automation and production environment

§  Use Case: lot tracking in a semiconductor fabrication

§  868 MHz solution to provide location of production goods and equipment

§  Combination of a RF based »Pick By Light« und Blackfir 868 MHz angle of arrival system

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Wireless Positioning - awiloc Field Strengs Measurement

Field Strengs Measurement: Fraunhofer developments

n  fingerprinting of transmission data

n  Software »Mobile Locator« for iOS, Android and Windows

n  The stand-alone wireless LAN positioning in cities considers both commercial wireless LAN hot spots and private wireless LAN access points

n  Awiloc works without registration or access to the data network

n  Indoor positioning accuracy usually varies between 1 and 5 meters (depending on the type of environment)

n  Outdoors, positioning accuracy averages around 10 meters while also varying with the environment

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Wireless Position Project Example WLAN Localisation based on awiloc

Test area Nuremberg

n  25 qkm

n  Citizen : 512.000

n  Visitor: 1 Mio. / year

Technology

n  RSSI Measurements

n  using WLAN-Hotspots

n  no traffic and no identification of the hotspot

n  indoor and outdoor

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Wireless Positioning Sensor Fusion & Event Processing

Sensor

Fusion

Event processing framework

Applications

Eventobservation and

Complex Event Processing

Antennas, Tags

(ToA, RTT, AoA,…)

Filtering: Kalmann

Particleswarm, …

Data Fusion

Map matching

Event-

processing

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n  Using of different localisation technologies including video

n  Monitoring of large Infrastructures (Airport), Localisation in safety sections,

n  Different event processing for security and controlling applications

n  Partners e.g. Airports in Portugal (Faro), leading localisation provider

Wireless Position Project Example LocON/Secair based on Sensor Fusion and Event Processing

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Test- and Application Center L.I.N.K. Research and development for Localization and Communication

n  Optimal test situation for in- and outdoor positioning technologies and real-time control and feedback

n  Research and praxis-oriented development of scenarios and solutions based on positioning, identification, navigation and communication technologies for different branches

n  Size of 1400 sqm individually adjustable indoor test area for positioning and communication

n  Size of 10.000 sqm outdoor area for pedestrian and cars positioning and communication

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Idea Technology Study

R&D Lab

Conditions

R&D Real

Conditions Product

Preparation

Concepts Prototypes Test Systems Products & Demonstrators

Customer

Consulting

Fraunhofer IIS How to work with us?

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Thanks for your attention

n  Contact: Thomas von der Grün, Head of Locating & Communication Systems Department thomas.vondergruen@iis.fraunhofer.de