lmx theory.ppt

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Industrial-Organizational PsychologyLearning Module

Leader-Member Exchange (LMX)

Theory

Prepared by the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology - SIOP © 1998




Lesson Objectives

Understand the elements of LMX theory

Know the precursors and outcomes of

LMX

Know how gender influences fairness in

LMX relationships Understand the role of perspective taking

in LMX

At the end of this lecture, you should:




Leader-Member Exchanges

Leaders develop relationships with each

member of work group

High quality relationship

member is part of “in-group”

more responsibility, higher satisfaction

Low quality relationship

member is part of “out-group”

less responsibility, lower satisfaction




Theoretical Overview of LMX

Relationships develop from series of exchanges or interactions

Phase 1: Role-taking

member enters organization leader assesses member’s abilities/talents

Phase 2: Role-making

informal, unstructured negotiation of role

Phase 3: Role-routinization

social exchange pattern emerges

becomes routine




Precursors of LMX

Member attributes influence relationship

extroversion

abilities

ingratiation behaviors

Leader provides social support

Affective responses influence relationship

perceived similarity

attraction

leads to increased interaction

trust




Outcomes of LMX

Job satisfaction

Organizational commitment

Moderated/affected by other factors type of task matters

level of challenge

situational factors

size of group

workload

financial resources


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Gender/Fairness and LMX

Gender differences influence interactions

Mixed gender relationshipssupervisors rate performance lower

supervisors report liking subordinate less

subordinates experience greater role

ambiguity

Opposite true in same gender relationships



Gender/Fairness and

LMX Process Phases 1: Role-taking - mutual respect essential

men and women define respect differently

social categorizing and stereotyping 2: Role-making - trust develops

single violation may destroy relationship

violations reinforce negative stereotypes

3: Role-routinization - mutual obligation

gender/fairness issues resolved by this

phase



Perspective-Taking

Ability to “read” leader or member

important in LMX

Use role-taking skills to entertain the pointof view of another

Associated with empathy, reasonableness,

and sensitivity

Negatively associated with aggressiveness

and sarcasm



Perspective-Taking I Questions

When you were drawing, did you draw

toward yourself or toward your partner?

How do you think your score on theperspective-taking questionnaire might

relate to your performance on this task?

How do you think one’s tendency or ability

to take the perspective (i.e., point of view)of another might influence the ways in

which leaders and subordinates interact?



Perspective-Taking II Questions

How difficult was it for you to imagine

drawing from your partner’s perspective?

How do you think your score on theperspective-taking questionnaire might

relate to your performance on this task?

How do you think one’s tendency or ability

to take the perspective (i.e., point of view)of another might influence the ways in

which leaders and subordinates interact?



Perspective-Taking Wrap-up

3 role-taking aspects related to

perspective-taking

accurate in ability to perceive how othersunderstand and respond to world

can view situations from many perspectives

able to perceive other’s perspective in

depth Leaders and members high on these

aspects may have higher quality LMX

lmx theory.ppt

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