liz mariel the governmental system
TRANSCRIPT
CONSTITUTIONS
Since declaring its independence from
Spain in 1810, Colombia has had ten
constitutions, the last of which--adopted
in 1886-- established the present-day
unitary republic.
A constitution is a set of rules for
government often codified as a written
document that enumerates the powers
and functions of a political entity.
DIVISION OF POWERS
These constitutions addressed three important
issues: the division of powers, the strength of the
chief executive, and the role of the Roman Catholic
Church.
The powers of government shall be divided into
three distinct departments:
legislative, executive, and judicial.
CHIEF EXECUTIVE
These constitutions addressed three important
issues: the division of powers, the strength of the
chief executive, and the role of the Roman Catholic
Church.
The chief executive officer is the most important
role in the management of an organization.
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
These constitutions addressed three important issues:
the division of powers, the strength of the chief
executive, and the role of the Roman Catholic Church.
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic
Church, is the world's largest Christian church. It has
more than a billion members, over half of all Christians
and more than one-sixth of the world's
population, although the number of lapsed Catholics is
not reliably known.
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
The issue of a strong central government versus a
decentralized federal system was especially
important in the nation's constitutional
development.
Central government or union government is the
government at the level of the nation-state.
FEDERAL SYSTEM
The issue of a strong central government versus a
decentralized federal system was especially
important in the nation's constitutional
development.
A federal system of government is one that divides
the powers of government between the national
(federal) government and state and local
governments.
CIVIL LIBERTIES
In settling the federal-unitary debate, the 1886
Constitution specifies that sovereignty resides in
the nation, which provides guarantees of civil
liberties.
Civil liberties are rights and freedoms that protect
an individual from the state.
SOCIAL OBLIGATIONS
The Constitution, by noting that labor is a social
obligation--protected by the state-- guarantees the
right to strike, except in the public service.
Social responsibility is an ethical or ideological
theory that an entity whether it is a
government, corporation, organization or individual
has a responsibility to society at large.
PUBLIC SERVICES
The Constitution, by noting that labor is a social
obligation-- protected by the state--guarantees the
right to strike, except in the public service.
Public services is a term usually used to mean
services provided by government to its
citizens, either directly (through the public sector) or
by financing private provision of services.
POLITICAL RIGHTS
The Constitution prohibits members of the armed forces
on active duty, members of the National Police, and
individuals legally deprived of their political rights from
participating in any political activities, including voting.
Political rights, along with civil rights, are primarily
designed to protect the individual against state
interference, and are immediately applicable.
POLITICAL ACTIVITIES
The Constitution prohibits members of the armed
forces on active duty, members of the National
Police, and individuals legally deprived of their
political rights from participating in any political
activities, including voting.
A political activity is an activity in which you do
something associated with politics.
CIVIL DISORDERS
A second constitutional issue has been the strength
of the chief executive's office, especially the
presidential use of emergency powers to deal with
civil disorders.
Civil disorder, also known as civil unrest, is a broad
term that is typically used by law enforcement to
describe one or more forms of disturbance caused
by a group of people.
EXECUTIVE POWERS
The 1830 constitution further strengthened
executive powers by creating the Public
Ministry, which enabled the president to supervise
judicial affairs.
The power of the President of the United
States, delegated or implied by the Constitution, to
implement and enforce laws.
STATE OF EMERGENCY
The 1886 Constitution restored strong executive
powers primarily through the president's ability to
invoke a state of siege under Article 121 and a state
of emergency (estatuto de emergencia) under
Article 122.
A state of emergency is a governmental declaration
that may suspend certain normal functions of
government, alert citizens to alter their normal
behaviors, or order government agencies to
implement emergency preparedness plans.
STATE OF SIEGE
The president may declare a state of siege for all or
part of the republic in the event of foreign war or
domestic disturbance.
A state of siege is a situation in which a government
or other authority puts restrictions on the movement
of people into or out of a country, town, or building.
RELIGIOUS FREEDOM
In contrast, the 1853 and 1863 constitutions, which
guaranteed religious freedom and prohibited
religious bodies from owning real estate, abolished
the church's privileged status.
Freedom of religion is a principle that supports the
freedom of an individual or community, in public or
private, to manifest religion or belief in
teaching, practice, worship, and observance; the
concept is generally recognized also to include the
freedom to change religion or not to follow any
religion.
RELIGIOUS BODIES
In contrast, the 1853 and 1863 constitutions, which guaranteed religious freedom and prohibited religious bodies from owning real estate, abolished the church's privileged status.
"Religious body" means any congregation, society or body in the Gilbert Islands consisting of or representing not less than 50 persons of the age of 21 years and upwards holding religious tenets in common and which has its own system of discipline and internal government.
NATIONAL FRONT
In May 1957, the two rival parties had united in the
National Front coalition, which was envisioned as a
bipartisan way to end la violencia and dictatorial
rule.
The National Front is a far-right and whites-only
British political party whose major political activities
were during the 1970s and 1980s.
CIVIL SERVICES
Second, it provided for parity (paridad) in elective and appointive positions at all levels of government, including cabinet and Supreme Court (Corte Suprema) positions not falling under the civil service, as well as the election of equal numbers of party members to local, departmental, and national assemblies.
The term civil service has two distinct meanings:
A branch of governmental service in which individuals are employed on the basis of professional merit as proven by competitive examinations.
The body of employees in any government agency other than the military
EXECUTIVE BRANCH
Henceforth, the executive could more easily attain
adoption of its legislative programs, although
Congress could approve, delay, or veto an
executive branch initiative.
The Executive Branch of the Government has the
President, Vice President, and all the cabinet
members. The President is allowed to pass or veto
a bill that the legislature sends him.