TITUS LIVIUS.

PREFACE.

Factuhdsne aim pretium oper», si perscripaerinr

Whether I shall do what is worth the trouble, if I trace

res Komani populi a primordio urbis,

he history of the Roman people from the foundation of the eity

nec satis scio, nee, si sciam, aosim dioere ;

I am neither quite rare, nor, if I were, would I renture to Bay,

qiiippe qui videara esse rem cum veterem

inasmuob at I am aware that the matter ia both old

turn vulgatam, dum novi scriptores semper creduni

and oommon-place, whilst later authors , always suppose

se allaturos aliquid certius in rebus, aut

that they will bnjg out something more accurate in the facts, or

superaturos rude*n vetustatem arte scribendi.

that they will excel the unpolished anoients in tkeir style of writing.

Utcumque erit, juvabit tamen, et ipsum

llowerer that may be, it will be a pleasure notwithstanding, myself alse

consuluisse, pro virili parte, memorise

Is have oontributed, aooording to my ability, towards the perpetuation

rerum gestarum populi priucipis terrarum : etsi in

of the achievements ofapeople the foremost of the world : and if, amidst

tanta turba scriptorum, meafama sit in obscuro,

to great an array of historians, my reputation should remain in obscurity,

consoler me nobilitate ac magnitudine eorunt.

[ ahall eraacle myself with the eelebrity and eminence of those,

R

qui officiant meo nomini. Pnoteres res est el

who stand la the way of my furs. Moreover, the nbjeet is both

immenai opens, ut quse repetatur supra

of immense labor, since it reaches baok more than

aeptingentesimum annum, et quse, profecta ab

*even hundred years, and one which, haying tot oat from

linitiis, creverit eo ut

[ beginnings, has increased to nh an i

jam laboret sua magnitudine; et,

it la aow diatroatoi by in own bulk; and, to the majority

tium hand dubito, quin prim» origines

I doabt not, bat that the first origin

proximaque originibus prsebitura sint

and tie �sett proximate to tkat origin will afford

minus voluptatis, festinantibus ad hax

but little pleasure, hastening on, as tkey m*ll as, to these

nova, quibus vires pnevalentis populi

later times, in which the strength of Mis overgrown people

jampridem ipsse ae conficiunt. Ego contra

has for a long period been exhausting itself. I on the eontrar}

petam hoc quoque premium laboris

shall seck this [also] <u a reward of my labor, namel*

ut avertam me a conspectu malorum, qu»

that I withdraw myself from the oontemplation of the evils, which

nostra tetas vidit per tot annoe, tantisper cert*,

oar age has witnessed for so many years, so long at least

dum repeto tota mente ilia priaca,

as I am going over with my whole attention those ancient timet

expers omnia cura, qu», etsi possit non fleeter*

being free from every care, which, though it oannot warp

animum soribentis a vero, tamen efficere sollicitum.

the mind of the writer from the troth, may yet oause it to be distracted.

Qua> traduntur ante

What traditions have been handed down of events before

urbem oonditam condendamve, decora magis

the oi*e wce bnilt or if building e» designed, being suitable rather

fabulis poeticis quam inoorrnptis monumentia

to the fictions of pcetry than to the authentic

PREFACE.

f

rerum gestarum, ea in animo est, neo affirmare

of history, these it is my purpose, neither to maintain

nec refellere. Hsec venia datur antiquitati,

nor to refute. This indulgence is eoncedei to antiquity,

ut miscendo humana divinis, faciat

that by blending things human with divine, it may make

(irimordia urbium augustiora. Et si cui populo

the origin of eities esrn>> more venerable. And if any people

oportet licere, consecrare suas origines,

might be allowed, to eonseorate their origin,

et referre ad deos auctores, ea est gloria belli

and attribute it to the gods at its authors, such is the renown in was

Romano populo, at, cum ferat Martem

of the Roman people, that, when they represent Mars

potissimum mam parentem sui conditorisque,

in particular at their own parent and that of their founder,

gentes hunianse patiantur et hoc tam sequo animo,

the nations of mankind may take up with this [also] as patiently

quam patiantur imperium. Sed atcumqae

as they submit to their sovereignty. But in whatever way

hsec et his similia animadversa aut

these and such-like matters shall be attended to or

existimata erunt, equidem haud ponam in

judged of, I for my part shall not deem of

magno discrimine.

great importance.

Mihi quisqaeprose acriter intendat

y one should for

In my opinion every one shoufd for himself earnestly apply

animum ad ilia, quse vita, qui mores fuerint;

his mind to thesepoinl*: whut their life, and what their manners were;

per quos viros, quibusque artibus imperium sit et

through what men, and by what measures, the empire was both

partum et auctum deinde, disciplina paulatim

acquired and extended then, at disoipline gradually

labente, sequati� animo mores, primo velut

deolined, let him follow « his thought their morals, at first, as it war*

dissidentes, deinde, ut lapsi sint magis magisque, turn

leaning aside, anon, ***w they sunk mora and more, the>

PREFACJE.

coeperint ire pnecipites, donee perventuin est ad

began to fall preoipitate, until he urnre* at

hsec tempora, quibus possumus pati nec nostra

the present times, in which we oan endure neither our

vitia nec remedia. Hoc ill ud est pnecipue

rices nor their antidotes. This it is whirh in particular!s

aalubre ac frugiferuin in cognitione rermn, te intueri

salutary and profitable in the study of history, th,,t you bchold

ocumenta omnia exempli posita in illustri

illustrations of every kind of oonduet displayed on a oonspicucus

monumento; inde capias tibi

monument; that from thence you may select, for yourself

tuseque reipublicse, quod imitere; inde

and for your oountry, that whioh you may imitate; thence

feed urn inoeptu, feodum

mof u>kat is dishonorable in the undertaking, and dishonorable

exitu, quod vites.

In the result, which you may avoid.

Ceterum aut amor negotii suscepti

But either a predileotion for the task undertaken

fallit me, aut nulla unquam fuit respubliea nec major,

deceives me, or there never was any state either greater,

nec sanctior, nec ditior bonis exemplis; nec civitatem

or more moral, or riober in good examples ; nor a oily.

in quam avaritia luxuriaque immigraverint tam

into Thich avarice and luxury made their entrance so

sera, nec ubi honos paupertati ac parsimonia

late, or where the esteem fur poverty and frugality

fuerit tantus ac tam diu; adeo

was so great and eontinued so long; so that

tmantc minus rerum, tanto minus cupiditatis

the less wealth there woe, the less desire

erat. Nuper divitise invexere avaritiani,

was there. Of late r,ches have introduced a .rreed,ncss lor gain,

et abundantes voluptates desiderium, per

and exoessive pleasures, a longing for them.

luxum atque libidinem pereundi

luxury and a wanton desire for ruioio* Ire*

PREFACE.

7

perdendique omnia. Sed querela

tod destroying everything elt. But let eomplaints, which

futur» ne quidem turn grate, cum forsitan

will not even then be agreeable, when perhapi

necessarise erunt, absint certe ab initio

they will be necessary, be kept away at least from the first � tags

ordienda3 tante rei. Potius inciperemus, ri

of eommenoing so great a work. Rather would we begin, if

mos esset nobis quoque, ut poetis, libentius

It were custo,uary with us [also], as it in with poets, more cheerfully

cum bonis ominibus votisque et precationibufi

with good omens and vows and prayers

deorum dcaruraque, ut darent prosperoe

to the gods and goddesses, that they would grant

tuooessus oreis tanti opera.

*dooms to o ir endeavors in so ardnous a task.

CONTENTS OF BOOK L

(, II. Arrival of Apneas in Italy, and km sehirsrmmts th*n. tO.

The reign of Aseamus in Alba, and of the other Sylvian kings. IT. At

daughter of Numitor, enceinte by Mare,gives birth to Mmmkm and

Remus. T. Amulius killed. VI. City built by Romulus. Till. Smal*

f*rmed. X. The grand foils offered to Jupiter Feretrhu. XI. War with

the Sernum. XIII. The people divided into curise. XIV, XV. The fh

denotes and Veientee vanquished. XT I. Homulue deified. XV TT1. etc.

iVWma PompHias s institutes the rites of religious worship ; builds a temple

to Janut, and, having made peace with all the surrounding statet, closes

it for the first time. Pretending that he has nightly meetings with the

goddess Egeria, he oonciliates the savage dispositions of his subjects to

religion. XXII. etc Tullue Hcetitius attacks the Albans in war. XXT.

Battle of the three twin brothers. XXVI. Horatius acquitted. Punish'

meat of Mettius Fufetius. Alba demollshed ; the Albans received into

the number of the cttisene. War declared against the SeMnes. Tuttus

killed by lightning. XXXII. Ancus Martins renews the ceremonies in-

stituted by Ifuma. XXXIII. Conquers the Latint, and, oonferring on

them the right of dtuanship, assigns them the Aventine hill. Having

attacked Politorium, a oity of the Latint, a seeond time by force of armt,

because the anoient Latins had taken possession of it, he rases it to the

ground; builds a wooden bridge across the Tiber ; adds the hill Janicu.

hem to the oity ; enlarges the bounds of the empire; and builds Ostia.

Be reigns twenty-four years. XXXIT. In his reign Lucumo, son of

Demaratus of Corinth, came from TarquinU, a oity of Struria, to Rome,

and, received into the oonfidence of Ancut, assumes the name *f Tar-

fuietiut, and after the death of Ancus usurps the throne. XXXT. He in-

creases the number of senators by adding a hundred; subdues the Latint,

marks out the oircut, institutes public games. Attacked in a war with

the Sabinss, he augments the centuries of knights. For the purpose of

testing the art of Attius Navius the augur, he ie said to have oonsulted

him, whether that oould be done whlch he ( Tarquinius) was thinking on ;

and when he replied that it certainly oould, he oommanded him to cut a

whetstone asunder with a rotor, and it was immediately done by the

augur, Th* Sabines. moreover, he iefeats in a pitched battle; surrounds

9

CONTENTS OF BOOK L

(, II. Arrival of Apneas in Italy, and km sehirsrmmts th*n. tO.

The reign of Aseamus in Alba, and of the other Sylvian kings. IT. At

daughter of Numitor, enceinte by Mare,gives birth to Mmmkm and

Remus. T. Amulius killed. VI. City built by Romulus. Till. Smal*

f*rmed. X. The grand foils offered to Jupiter Feretrhu. XI. War with

the Sernum. XIII. The people divided into curise. XIV, XV. The fh

denotes and Veientee vanquished. XT I. Homulue deified. XV TT1. etc.

iVWma PompHias s institutes the rites of religious worship ; builds a temple

to Janut, and, having made peace with all the surrounding statet, closes

it for the first time. Pretending that he has nightly meetings with the

goddess Egeria, he oonciliates the savage dispositions of his subjects to

religion. XXII. etc Tullue Hcetitius attacks the Albans in war. XXT.

Battle of the three twin brothers. XXVI. Horatius acquitted. Punish'

meat of Mettius Fufetius. Alba demollshed ; the Albans received into

the number of the cttisene. War declared against the SeMnes. Tuttus

killed by lightning. XXXII. Ancus Martins renews the ceremonies in-

stituted by Ifuma. XXXIII. Conquers the Latint, and, oonferring on

them the right of dtuanship, assigns them the Aventine hill. Having

attacked Politorium, a oity of the Latint, a seeond time by force of armt,

because the anoient Latins had taken possession of it, he rases it to the

ground; builds a wooden bridge across the Tiber ; adds the hill Janicu.

hem to the oity ; enlarges the bounds of the empire; and builds Ostia.

Be reigns twenty-four years. XXXIT. In his reign Lucumo, son of

Demaratus of Corinth, came from TarquinU, a oity of Struria, to Rome,

and, received into the oonfidence of Ancut, assumes the name *f Tar-

fuietiut, and after the death of Ancus usurps the throne. XXXT. He in-

creases the number of senators by adding a hundred; subdues the Latint,

marks out the oircut, institutes public games. Attacked in a war with

the Sabinss, he augments the centuries of knights. For the purpose of

testing the art of Attius Navius the augur, he ie said to have oonsulted

him, whether that oould be done whlch he ( Tarquinius) was thinking on ;

and when he replied that it certainly oould, he oommanded him to cut a

whetstone asunder with a rotor, and it was immediately done by the

augur, Th* Sabines. moreover, he iefeats in a pitched battle; surrounds

9

LIBER PRIMUS.

BOOK FIRST,

nun. i�xxvi. xxxii�xxxv. xxxix�xll xlv�xmx

LIIL LVI�LX.

Jam primum omnium satis constat, Troja

Now first of all It ia suffioiently certain, that, Troy

capta, ssevitum esse in

having been taken, vengeance was vitiud upon

«2tero8 Trojanos; duobus, iEnew

*ll the other Troj,,ns ; but that towards two, jfineas

Antenorique, Achivos abstinuisse omne jus belli,

and Antenor, the Grecks forbore all the righta of war

et jure vetusti hospitii, et quia

both in virtue of an old tie of friendship, and beeaoM

semper fuerunt auctores pacis reddendseque

they had always been advisers of peace and of the restoration

Helense. Deinde, variis casibus Antenorem

of Helen. Then, that after various reverses Antenor

venisse in intimum sinum Hadriatici maris, cum

jame into the innermost bay of the Adriatio sea, with

multitudine Enerfim, qui, pulsi ex

a multitude of the Heneti, who, having been driven out of

Paphlagonia seditione, quarebant et sedes

Paphlagonia in a oivil war, were secking both a settlement

et ducem, rege Pylsemene amisso ad

and a leader, their king Pytomenes having been .oit at

Trojam; que pulsis Enganois, qui

Trov: and 'hut, after e^e"""^ un; ±.uuenei, who

il

12

[BOOK i.

TITU8 UrVTU8.

incolebant inter mare et Alpesque, Enetoe

dwelt between the sea ud the Alps, the Henetl

Trojanosque tenuisse eas terras; et locum

and Trojans took poawation of those lands; and the place,

in quern primum egressi sunt, vocatur Troja, inde

at which they first landed, b oalled Troy, whenee

,jue nomen est Trojano pago; gens uni versa

also Is the name for the Trojan canton; but the nation at large

appellati Veneti. iEnean, profugum domo

is oalled Veneti. Tkat jBneas, driven from home

ab simili clade, sed fatis dnoentibns ad initia

by a like disaster, bat the fates leading him to the founding

majora rerum, venisse primo in Macedoniarn,

of a greater state, came first to Macedonia,

inde quaarentem sedes delatum in Siciliam;

thence, in search of a settlement, he sailed to Sioily;

ab Sioilia tenuisse classe ad Laurentem

that from Sioily he proceeded with ois fleet to the Laurentian

agrum. Huic loco et est nomen Troja.

territory. To tois place aba b oww the name of Troy.

Cum Trojani, egressi ibi, agerent prsedam

When the Trojans, having landed there, were driving plunder

ex agris, ut quibus, ab prope

from the fields, al being aereeas to whom, after their almost

immenso errore, nihil superesset prater arma

immeasurable wandering, nothing wse left besides their arms

et naves,� Latinus rex Aboriginesque, qui turn

and ships,� Latinus the king and the Aborigines, who then

tenebant ea loca, concurrunt armati ex urbe

occupied those places, assembled in arms from the oity

atque agris ad areendam vim advenarum. Inde

and oountry, to repel the violence of the strangers. From her

s

fama est duplex: alii tradunt, Latinum

the acoount is two-fold: some say, that Latinus,

victum proelio junxisse pacem, dcinde

being overoome in battle, oontracted Jtrtt a peace, and then

affinitatem cum jEnea; alii, cum acies

an aViance, with Jineas; others, tkat when the armies

BOOK I.J

II

HISTORY OF ROilE.

*nstruct», pnusquam ugna

took their stand in battle am?, before the signals

canerent, Latinum process isse inter pri mores,

mwt't sounded, Latinus advanced in the front,

que evocasse ducem advenarum ad colloquium;

and invited the leader of the neweomers to a conference;

deinde percunctatum, qui mortales essent, unde

that he then inquired, who they were, whenoi

aut quo casu profecti domo,

tkrf had ooms, or by what calamity driven from home,

quidve quserentes exissent in Laurentinum agrum;

or in quest of what they had landed on the Laurentine territory;

|>ostquam audierit multitudinem esse Trojanoe,

after be beard that the host were Trojans,

ducera yEneam, filium Anchisse et Veneris,

their leader igneas, eon of Anchises and Venus, that,

profugos patria et domo

baving made their escape from their oountry and homes

cremata, quserere sedera locumque

oommitted to the flames, they were secking a settlement and a place

condendse urbis; et admiratum nobilitatem

tor building a oity; and, struck with admiration of the high rank

gentis virique, et animum paratum

ef the nation and of the hero, and their spirit prepared

vel bello vel paci, sanxisse fidem

alike for war or for peace, he oonfirmed the pledge

futur» amiciti» data dextera. Inde

of his future friendship by giving his right band. Thai thercupon

foedus ictum inter duces, salutationem factam

a league was struck between the leaders, and salutations exchanged

inter exercitus: iEneam fuisse in bospitio

between the armies: thai jfineas was received with hospitality

apud Latinum; ibi apud

at the house of Latinus; thai there, in the presence of

penates deos Latinum adjunxisse

the houschold gods, Latinus added

domesticum foedus publico, data JExiea filia

a family league to the publie on; by giving JEneas his daughte*

14 T1TUH LTVTO6. [BOOK L

in "Ml' fimonium. Ea res utique affirrnal

tn Marriage. This event fully i

Trojai is spem tandem finiendi erroris

the Trrj ,ne {>> the hops of at length terminating their wandering

staoili certaque sede; condunt oppidum:

by a fixed and permanent settlement; they build a town:

iEnea? appellat Lavinium ab nomine uxoris.

Ma,.%s oalls it Lavinium after the name of hia wife

Brevi quoque virilis fuit stirps ex novo

In n nho't time too, a eon was the iseue of the new

matrin onio, cui parent** dixere

marr*i ge, to whom hie parents gave

nomen A^canium.

of

II.�Aborigines Trojanique

The Aborigines and Trojans

nmul bello. Turn as,

together in war. Turnus,

cui Lavinia pacta faerat

to whom Lavinia had been affianced

advenam

that a stranger

deinde petiti

were toon after attacked

rex Rutulornm,

king of the Rntuliana,

ante adventum ^Enese,

before the arrival of *~

segre patiens

mortified

intulerat bellum

made war

Neutra acies

Neither army

lseta:

with MUM fbr rejoieing :

victores Aborigines

he rietorious Aborigines

Latinum. Inde

Latinna. Whereon

diffisi rebus,

diffident of their strength,

Etruscorum

of the Etrurians

iEne»

upon jfineas

abiit

tame off

Rutuli

the Rutulians

Trojanique

and Trojans

Turn us

Turnue

confugiunt

have reeourse

pr»latum sibi,

shonld be preferred to him,

Latinoque simul.

and Latinua together.

ex eo

from that

oertamine

eonteat

victi,

were vanquished,

amisere ducem

lost their leader

Rutulique,

and the Rutuliana,

ad florentes opes

to the flourish*ng atate

jue,

and Mesentiua,

eorum regem :

their king

qui

wh«-

aOOK I.J HiSTORY OF HOME.

16

turn

et that time

et turn

ud then

s nimio plus,

na increasing far more

opulento oppido,

an opulent town,

jam inde ab initio

from the rery beginning

ratus,

quam

imperitaus Csere,

holding Ase oourt at Cssre,

minime lsetus

being by no menus pleased

origine novse urbis,

at the founding of the new oity,

Trojanam rem

hat the Trojan power

satis tiitum accolis,

altogether safe for the neighboring states,

junxit arma socia Rutulis.

joined his forces in alliance with the Butulians.

ut oonciliaret sibi animos Aboriginum

si order that he might win to himself the minds of the Aborigines,

ld versns terrorem tanti belli, appellavit

of so serious a war,

Latinos,

Latins,

hand gravatim

without reluctance

JEneas,

in view of the terror

utramque gentem

both nations

called

use solum

not only

Nec deinde

Nor after that

studio ac fide

r n seal and fidelity

his animis

*pon this disposition

eoalesoentium

coalesoing

era! tanta opibus,

was so prominent in power,

fama sui nominis

with the fame of its prowess

nare etiam,

the sea also,

ab Alpibus

from the Alps

sub eodem jure,

under the same laws.

Aborigines

did the Aborigines yield

erga regem jEneam

towards their king iBneas

duorum populorum

of the two nations,

ut jam

that it already

non solum terras

not only the land

per totam longitudinem

through the whole length

ad Sioulum fretum,

to the Sioilian strait,

so that they might all be

sed etiam nomine.

but also the tame name.

Trojanis

to the Trojans

fretusque

relying, too,

in dies

,o xrre daily

Etruria

Etruria

implesset

fiiled

sed

but

Italia,

of Italy

tamen,

quamquam

3tini posset propulsare bellum

vbun be might have repelled the war

moenibus,

ms of fortifications

16

[BOOK L

TITU8 LIVIU8.

eduxit oopiaa in aciem. Inde proelium

he marched oat his forces to the field. Thercupon a batile

secundum Latinis,� ultimun* etiam

encued, successful to the Latins, the last alto

mortaliuni operund iEnese. Situs est�

of the mortal acts of ffintas He was bi ried

|uemcumque jus fasque est eum

(whatever appellation it is humanly and divinely lawful that he

dici� super Numicum fluvium:

be oalled sy) upon the banks of the river Nnmiou*:

appellant Jovem indigitem.

they style him " Jupiter Indigea."

III.�Ascanius, filius iEnese,

Aseanius, ton of Bneas

maturus

eld enough

id imperium

that government

ad puberem setatem

till the age of maturity.

imperio;

for secuming the government;

mansit incolume

remained secure

Tantisper

In the interval,

erat noodiua

was not yet

tamen

nevertheless

ei

for him

res

the Latin state

et regnun* avitura paternumque stetit puero

and the kingdom of his grandfather and father were preserved for the bol

tutela muliebri� tanta indoles erat in Lavinia.

the regenoy of his mother, such capaoity was there in Lavinia.

Haud ambigam�

* not without tome doubts

enim quis

(for who

an major

or one older

pro certo rem tarn veterem ?�

with certainty a matter of such antiquity?)

merit Ascanius,

was the Ascanius,

natus matre Creusa Ilio

born of Crcusa wAen Troy

comesque paternse fugse inde,

and the eompanion of his father's flight from thence,

Iulura Julia gens nanenpat auctorem

toiac eailed lulus, the Julian nation claim as the founder

affirmet

can affirm

hiccine

whether this

quam hie

than he,

incolumi,

had not yet fallen,

eundem quern

the same whou,

BOOK I.J HISTORY OF BOME.

17

ubicumque et quacumqne

wherescever and of whatscever

sui nominis. Is Ascanius,

of their name. Thia Ascanius,

matre genitus,� certe constat natum JEnea,�

mother born, (it ia at least certain that he was the acn of Mama,)

Lavinii relinquit

of Lavinium left that

abundante multitudine

on acoount of the exceasive population

lam florentem atque, ut res turn erant, opnlentan

already flourishing and, as oiroumatances then were, wealthy

condidit ipse

and built himself

arbem matri seu novercas;

eity to hia mother or atep-mother;

novam aliam sub Albano moute,

a new one at the foot of the Alban mount,

qua,

which,

qftJukiU,

ab situ urbis

the aituation of the oity,

appellata

porrects

being atretched

Lavinium

Lavinium

Alba Longa.

Alba Longa.

et deductam

and the transplanting

ferme triginta anni

only about thirty years

in dorso,

along the ridge

Inter

tke building of

Albam Longam,

to Alba Longa,

Tamen opes creverant

Tet its power had increased

fusis Etruscis,

after the defeat of the Etrurians,

iEnese, nec deinde

of iEneas, nor afterwards,

primum rudimentumque

and the first essays

Mezentius Etruscique,

Mesentiua and the Etrurians,

aocolse ausi sint

of the bordering nations attempt

Pax conveuerat

A peace was agreed on

quern nunc vocant

which they now call

Etruscis Latin isque.

between sKe Etrurians and I,attaa

*ta,

to this effect,

ooloniam

the colony

interfuere.

intervened.

maxime

espeoially

morte

on the death

inter tutelam muliebrem

during the regency of a woman

puerilis regni, aut

did either

ulli alii

or any other

movere arma.

to inaugurate hostilities

fluvius Albula,

the river Albula,

esset finis

should be the boundary

Deinde Silvius, filiua

After him Silvius. the son

tantum,

so rapidly,

ut ne quidem

that not even

of a youthful reign,

aut

at

that

Tiberim,

Tiber,

1« TITU8 LlVIUh. [BsXsK 1

Ascanii, natus qaodam casu in silvis, regnat:

*f Asouius, born by tome acoident in the woods, ascends the throM

is creat .iEnean Silvium, is deinde

he begat yBneas Silvias, who afterwards 6e</m

Latinum Silvium : ab eo aliquot colonic,

Latinos Silvius: by him several oolnnies.

appellati Prisci Latini, deducts; postea

sailed the anoient Latins, were transplanted; from this tiu�

cognomen Silviis mansit omnibus qui

the surname of Bilvius eontinued to be givn to all t*e prinm who

regnaverunt Alba. Latino ortus Alba; Alba,

reigned at Alba. From Latinos sprung Alba; from Alba

Atys; Atye, Capys; Capye, Capetus ;

Atys; from Atys, Capys; from Capys, Capetus;

Capeto, Tiberinus; qui, submersus in trajecto

from Capetus, Tiberinus; who, being drowned in erossing

amnis Albulse, dedit flumini nomen celebre

the river Albula, gave to that stream a name so celebrated

ad posteros. Inde Agrippa, filius Tiberini

among his posterity. Then Agrippa, the son of Tiberinus;

post Agrippam Romulus Silvius regnat,

after Agrippa Romulus Silvius reigns,

aooepto imperio a patre: ipse, ictus

having received the kingdom from bis father: the latter, being struck

ful mine, tradidit per man us regnum Aventino

by lightning, demised the kingdom to Aventinus,

is, sepultus in eo colle, qui est nunc para

who, being buried on that hill, which is now a part

urbis Romanse, fecit cognomen colli. Deinde

of the oity of Rome, gave his name to it. After him

regnat Proca; is procreat Numitorem atque

reigns Proca; he begets Numitor and

Amulium; Numitori, qui erai maximus stirps,

Amulius; to Numitor, who was the eldest son,

legat vetustum regnum Silvia gentis. Tamen

he bequeaths the anoient kingdom of the dilvian family. But

vis potuit plus, quam voluntas patris au!

force prevailed more. than the will of the father se

BOOK I.J

19

HI8TOKY OF ROME.

verecundia aetatis: pulso fratre, Aruulius

the respect for seniority : hiring expelled his brother, Amulins

regnat. Addit seel us sceleri ; interemit

takes the throne. He adds crime to crime; warders

fratris virilem stirpem, per speciem honoris

his brother's male issue, and under pretence of doing bono

fratris filise, Ren Silvise, cum legisset eao

to his brother's daughter, Rhea Silvia, having made her

Vestalem, perpetua virginitate adimit

a Vestal, by a sow of perpetual virginity he deprives her of

epem partus.

mil hope of issue.

IV.�Sed, at opinor, origo tantte orbis, qae

But, in my opinion, the origin of so great a oity, and

principium imperii, maximi secundum

the first establishment of an empire, in greatness next to

opes deorum, debebatur fatis. Vestal is,

the kingdom of the gods, was due to the fates. Tbe Vestal Rhea,

corapressa vi, cum edidisset geminura partum,

being deflowered by force, when she had brought forth twins,

nnncupat Martem patrem incertse stirpis,

declares Mars to 6e the father of her doubtful offspring,

seu rata, sen quia dens erat

sither IwaskaM she rea% thought so, or because a god was

honestior auctor culp». Sed nec dii,

a nore creditable author of her transgression. But neither gods,

D..C homines vindicant aut ipsam aut stirpem

nor men proteot her or her children

a crudelitate regia: sacerdos vincta

fro SB the oruelty of the king: the priestess, being loaded with chains

d»tur in custodiam; pueros jubet mitti

is east into prison; the children he orders to be thrown

in profluentem aquam. Forte quadam divinitua

into the stream of the river. tt happenod providentially

Tiberis eflhsus super ripas lenibus stagnis, nec

'kmt the Tiber bad overflowed its banks in sta?nnnr psole, no>

20

[book 1

rrrrra livtdb.

poterat adiri usqua*n ad amnis justi curaum;

eould it be approached anywhere near Its regular channe!;

et dabat spem ferentibus, infantes

and raised the expectation in the minds of the bearera, that the infants

posse mergi aqua quamvis languida: its,

roold be drowned in water however still: acoordingly,

velut defuncti regis imperio, exponunt pueros

as if fulfilling the king's oommand, they expose the boys

in proxima alluvie, ubi nunc est ficus Ruminalis,�

in the nearest land-flood, where now stands the fleas Rnminalis,�

ferunt vocatam Romularem. Erant turn

they say that it was called Romularis. There were at that time

vastse solitudines in his locis. Fama tenet,

rast deserts in those parts. Tradition has it,

sum aqua tenuis, destituisset fluitantem aiveuni,

that when the water, subsiding, had left the floating trough,

quo pueri expositi erant, in sicco,

in wbiob the children had been exposed, on dry ground

sitientem lupam, ex montibus qui sunt circa,

a thirsty she-wolf, from the mountains whlen are in (Aa vioinity.

flexisse cursum ad vagitum puerilem; earn

direeted her eonrse to the cries of the infants: mmd that sIh

prscbuisse mammas submissas infantibus adeo

he*d her dugs down to them with so mne*

mitem, ut magister regii pecoris invenerit

gentleness, that the keeper of the king's flock found

lambentem pueros lingua. Ferunt nomen fuisse

her licking the boys with her tongue. They say his name was

Faustulo; datos ab eo ad stabula

Faustulus; and that they were brought by him to his hut,

educandos uxori Larenti». Sunt, qui putent

to be nursed by his wife Larentia. There are tame who are of opinios

Lareutiam vocatam lupam inter pas tores,

that lies Larentia was called Lups among the shepherds, from km

vulgato corpore: inde datum locum

being a oommon prostitute: that thence was furnished the occasion

miraculo ac fabulse. Ita geniti, itaque educati,

isr the fabulous myth. The children thus born. and thus educated.

BOOK I.]

31

HISTORY OF ROME.

mm primum setas adolevit, segnes nee

a s soon as their age was matured, loitered neithei

in stabulis nec ad peoora, peragrare saltiu

at the stables nor among the cattle, but traversed the foreati

venando: hinc sumpto robore corporibus animisque,

in hunting: hence acquiring vigor of body and mind,

jam non tan tom subsistere fens, Bed faoere

tjey began not only to eneounter wild beasts, but to make

impetus in latrones, onustos prseda, dividereqm

attack upon robbers, loaded with booty, and divided

rapta pastoribus; et cum his,

the spoils with the shepherds; and in oompany with these,

grege juvennm in dies cresoente, celebrare

the number of their young attceiaim daily increasing, they oarried on

seria ac jocos.

their business and their sports.

V.�Hoc ludicrum

Our present festival

Lupercal,

of the Lupercal,

ferunt,

they say,

ftiisse

was

jam turn in Palatio monte,� et appellatum

even at that time practised on the Palatine hill, and that this was called

Pallantium, a Pallanteo,

Palatium, from Pallantcum

Palatium montem:�

the Palatine hill:

ex eo genere

of that tribe

tenuerat loca,

*d possessed that oountry,

cllatum ex Arcadia,

brought from Arcadia,

ourrereut nudi

were to run about naked

venerantes Lycseum Pana,

doing honor to Lycee.n Pan,

deinde vocaverunt Inunm.

qu*

who m

urbe Arcadica, dein

a oity of Arcadia,

Evandrum,

that Evander,

Arcadum multis tcmpestatibus ante

of Arcadians which for many years before

instituisse ibi sollemne

had instituted the-e tk e festivity,

ut juvenes

in tuek manner, that young men

per lusum atque lasciviam,

and wantonness,

quern Romani

whom the Romans

Latrones ob iram

That the robbers through rags

22 T1TU8 LTVTUS. .

[BOOK 1

prads insidiatoa deditw

M the lou of their booty, having lain in wait for them wMl intent

huic ludicro, cum sollemne esset notum, cum

on this sport, (as the festival was now well known,) whilst

Romulus vi se defendisset, cepisse Remum ;

Romulus vigorously defended himself, took Remas prisoner;

tradidisse captum regi Amulio,

that they delivered him up, whm taken, to king Amulius,

nltro accusantes. Dabant crimini maxime,

grossly impeaching him. They laid it to their charge more particularly,

impetum fieri ab iis in agroe Numitoris;

that violence had been done by them to the lands of Numitor;

inde, collecta manu juvenum, eos ageie

moreover that, having oolleoted a band of young men, they oarried on

prsedas in hostilem modum. Sic Remus

their plunder in a hostile manner. Cpon this Remus

deditur Numitori ad supplicium. Jam inde ab initio

was delivered to Numitor for punishment. Now from the very beginning

spes fuerat Faustulo, apud se educari

the hope had been cherished by Faustulus, that he was bringing up

stirpem regiam: nam et sciebat, infantes

a progeny of royal blood : for he both knew, that the infants

expositor jussu regis, et tempus, quo ipse

bad been exposed by order of the king, and that the time, at which he

eos sustui isset, congruere ad id ipsum ; sed

had taken them up, oorresponded exactly with that event ; bat

no!uerat aperire immaturam rem, nisi per

he was unwilling to disclose the yet undeveloped matter, unless in (as event

aut occasionem aut per necessitatem. Xecessitas

either of a It opportunity or of necessity. Necessity

venit prior: ita, subactus metu, aperit rem

came 0rst: wherefore, oonstrained by fear, he disoovers the affais

Romulo. Forte et, cum haberet Remum

to Romulus. By acoident also, when he had Remus

in custodia, audissetque fratres esse

in custody, and had heard that the brothers i

geminos, comparando et eorum setatem, et

twins, on oomparing their age and oi

BOOK I.]

HISTOHY OF BOME.

ipsam indolem minime servilem,

tkat thtir disposition mm by no nu* of a Mrrile torn, the reaolWotlea

nepotum U-tigerat animurn Numitori

of hia grandchildren struck Numitor;

sciscitandoque pervenit eodem,

end ok making inquiries he came to the saine eonefastoM,

at haud procul esset, quin agnosceret Remum.

to that he was not far from reoognising Remus.

Ita dolus nectitur regi undique.

Thus a plot is ooncerted for the king on all sides.

Romulus, non cum globo juvenum,� enim erat

Romulus, not in oompany with a band of youths, (for he was

nec par ad apertam vim,� sed jussia

unequal to open force,) but, ordering

aliia pastoribus venire certo tempore alio itiuere

different shepherds to oome at a fixed time, by different roads,

ad regiam, fecit impetum ad regeu*; et Remus,

to the palace, forced Ms way to the king; and Remus,

alia manu comparata a domo Numitoris,

with another party procured from the house of Numltos,

adjuvat; ita obtruncant regeui.

,en him assistance; and so they kill the king.

VI.�Numitor inter primum tumuitum, dictitans

Numitor at the beginning of the tumult, calling oat

hoe tea invasisse urbem atque adortos regiam,

that enemies had invaded the oity and assaulted the palace,

cum avocasset Albanam pubem, in obtinendam

when he had drawn away the Alban youth, to secure

arcem prseeidio armisque, postquam vidit

the oitadel with a garrison and arms, after he saw

juvenes pergere ad se gratulantes

the young men eoming towards him with oongratulations

perpetrata csede, extemplo advocate

npcn the perpetration of the murder, instantly calling

concilio, ostendit scelus

aa assembly of lke iMossa, represented <* tkem the imp'oos <

84 TITU8 LTVTOB. | BOOK L

fratris iii se; originem ncpotum, ut

*f his brother towards himself; tkt birth of his grandchildren, how

geniti essent, at educati, ut oogniti; deincepe

'.hey were begotten, how brought up, how disoovered; then ke told (seas of

csedem tyranni, que se auotorem.

the death of the usurper, and that he himself kad keen the instigator of It

Cumjuvenes, ingreesi agmine per mediam

When the young men, ooming up with their band through the midst

conoionem, salutaasent avum regem,

of the assembly, saluted their grandsire king, an appro vins;

vox secuta ex omni multitudine, efficit ratum regi

shout following from all the people, ratified to him

�omen imperiumque.

*nik that title and the sovereignty

Re Albana ita permissa Numitori,

The government of Alba baving thus been oommitted to Numitor,

;upido cepit Romulum Remumque oondend» urbia

a desire seised Romulus and Remus to build a eity

iii his locis, ubi expositi erant, ubique educatL

in the place, where they had been exposed, and brought up.

Et supererat multitudo Albanorum

And there was an overflowing population of Albans

Latinorumque: pas tores quoque acoesaerant ad id,

and Latins: the shepherds, too, deferred to this plim,

qui omnes facile facerent spem, Albam fore

and all these readily inspired the hope, that Alba would be

parvam, Lavinium parvum pne ea urbe.

but small, Lavinium but a petty town in oomparison with the eity,

quse couderetur. Deinde cupido regni,

whish was to be built. But then ambition for rule,

malum avitum, intervenit his cogitatiouibus

the bane of their grandfathers, interrupted these designs,

ttque iude coortum foedum certamen a principio

and thence aruse a shameful quarrel from a 1

satis miti: quoniam gemini essent,

suffleiently amioable: for as they were twins,

verecundia setatis nec facere discrimen, at

t for seniority oould not render a deoision. <n

BOOK U] HIOTOBY OF

dii, quorum tutel» ea I oca

the gods, nnder whose guard*anship the place vet,

legerent auguriis, qui daret nomen nova urbi,

might chooM by auguries, which shoald give s name t< the new eity,

qui regent imperio conditam, Romulus

whiob have the supremacy os*r it when built, ~

capiunt Palatium, Remus Aventinum

chose the Palatine,

> Palatine, Bemns the Aventine

templa ad inaugurandum.

as leesr eonaserated stands to wait the eagnriee.

VII.�Fertnr Remo augurium venisse priori,�

It is said that to Remus an omen came first,�

sex vultures; jamque, augurio nuntiato, cum

six vultures, and now, the omen having been proclaimed, whet

duplex numerus ostendisset sese Romulo,

double the number showed themselves to Romulus,

sua multitudo consalutaverat utrumque regem:

his own party sainted each king:

illi trahebant regnum prsecepto tempore,

the former claimed the kingdom on the ground of the priority of time,

at hi numero avium. Inde,

but the latter on acoount of the number of birds. Upon this,

cum altercatione congressi, certamine irarum

having met in altercation, from the oontest of angry feelings

vertuntur ad csedem: ibi Remus cecidit

they turn to bloodshed: there Remus fell

ictus in turba. Vulgatior fama est,

from a blow received in the crowd. A more oommon acoount is,

Remum, ludibrio fratris, transiluisae

that Rem hi is. derision of his brother, leaped over

novoe muros: inde interfectum ab

the new wall: that thercupon he was slain by

Romulo irato, cum increpitans,

Romulus in a passion, who, after sharply chiding Met,

adjecisset quoque verbis: " 8ic quicumque alius

uttered in addition three words : " 8o aerlal every one. who

TITUS UVTOB,

[book t

deinde transiliet mea moenia." Ita Romulus

shall hereafter Ipb;. over my fortifications." Thus Romului

solus potitus imperio; urbs

[>. o. 751] or me into sole possession of the government; and the eity,

condita appellata nomine conditoris.

* built, wax called after the name of its founder.

Primum muniit Palatium, in quo ipse

First of nil be fortified the Palatine hill, where he 1 '

erat educatus. Diis aliis facit sacra

had been brought up. To the other gods he offers sacrifices

A lbano ritu, Herculi Graoo,

after the Alban mode, to Ilereules acoording to the Greoian rite,

ut instituta erant ab Evandro. Memorant

a> they had been instituted by Evander. It is reoorded

Herculem, interempto Geryone, abegisse

that ilereules, having slain Geryon, drove away

boves mini specie in ea loca; ac,

his cattle, vhirk were of surprising beauty, into those places; and that,

ut reficeret boves quiete et lseto pabulo, ipsum et

in order to refresh them with rest and the rich pasture, himself also

fessum via, procubuisse prope fluvium

being fatigued with travel, he fay down on tkt tanks of the river

Tiberim herbido loco, qua trajecerat nando,

Tiber in a grassy place, to wbieb he had swam over,

agens armentum prae se. Ibi cum, gravatum

driving the herd before him. There when, satiated

oibo vinoque, sopor oppressisset eum, pastor,

-jrith food and wine, sleep o\ erpowered him, a shepherd,

nomine Cacus, accola ejus loci, ferox viribus,

aame,/ Cacus, resident in that region, presuming on Ats strength

captus pulchritudine bourn,

and struck with the beauty sf the eattle

cum vellet avertere earn prsedam, quia,

weald fain have made away with that booty, but because,

si compulisset armentum agendo in spelunram,

if he had driven the herd forward intc his owe,

ipsa vestigia deductura erant dominum eo

�heir tracks would have guided their master tamfcss

BOOK [.J

27

HISTORY OF ROME.

qu»rentem, traxit bovee caudis aversos

fa his March, he dragged the eattle by the tails backwards

in speluncam, quemqne eximium pulchritudine

Into the cave, pick,ng out those distinguished for their beauty.

Hercules, excitus somno ad primam auroram,

HawIn, arousing from his slumbers at the Drat approaek of dawn,

-nm perlustrasset oculis gregem, et s

when he had taken a view of his nerd, and

partem numero abesse, pergit ad proximam

daat some of the number were missing, went at eaoa to the nearest

speluncam, si forte vestigia ferrent eo.

cave, to see if by chance their footsteps would lead Mm thither.

Ubi vidit quse omnia versa foras, nee fine

But when he saw that they all pointed outward, nor direeted him

in aliain partem, confusus atque inoertus animi,

to aalr other quarter, perplexed and unsettled in Ms purpose,

oooepit agere porro armentum ex infesto loco.

he began to drive forward his herd from that 1

Cum inde qusedam boves acts

When, upon this, some of the oows, as they wars driven off,

mugissent, ut fit, ad desiderium reliotarum,

sommenced to low, as was natural on missing those that tsars left,

vox bourn inclusarum reddita ex spelunca,

the lowings of those that were oonfined, being returned frosj the cave,

oonvertit Herculem.

brought Hercules back.

Cum Cacus conatus esset probibere quern vi

And when Cacus attempted to prevent him by force,

vadentem ad speluncam, ictus clava,

as as isas proceeding to the cave, being struck with a club,

oocubuit morte, nequidquam inyocans fidem

he fell dead, vainly invoking the assistance

pastorum. Turn Evander, profugus ex

*f the shepherds. At that time Evander, a fugitive from

Pelt>|H>tineso, regebat ea loca magis auctoritate

the l'eli.(junnesus, governed this oountry more by his influence

quam imperio. Vir venerabilis

than by absolute rule. He tew * nerson highly revered

I'll'U8 LTVTU8.

| BOOK t

miraoalo

for his wonderful mwntUdqt

inter homines

to these men

venerabilior

lut more respeoted

Carmentse,

Cannenta,

fetiloquam,

litterarum,� rei nova

of letters,� a disoovery <re*'re nev

artium

of afl arte ;

icatris

of bls mother

quam en gen tea

whom these nations

Is turn Evander,

This Evander then,

trepidantium

crowding in oonfusion

manifestse cadis,

of open murder,

facinorisque cansam,

and the ornase of the deed,

rudes

ignorant,at (A<y ttili nrt,

credita divinitate

on aooount of the supposed divinity

miratse fuerant

had admired

ante adventum Sibylla in Italiam.

before the ooming of the Sibyl into Italy.

excitus

alarmed

circa advenam reum

around the stranger, guilty at tkty denlartd

postqnam audivit facinua

concurau pastorum

by the oonoourse of the shepherds.

After

he heard the deed

intuens habitura formamque

observing the person and mien

vin

of the hero to kt

humana,

than human,

Qomen

his name

aliquantum ampliorem

much larger

rogitat,

asked,

qui vi r esset.

who the man was.

augustioremque

and more majestic

Ubi aocepit

When he learned

patremque

and father

Herculesl

Herculesl

ac patriam,

and native oountry,

" Salve, Hercules! nate Jove,

" Hail, Hercules! son of Jupiter,

veridica interpres defim, cecinit

a truth-telling interpreter of the gods, foretold

te aucturum numernm coelestium;

that thou shalt increase the number of the celestials;

aram dicatum iri hie, quam gens

an altar shall be dedicated here, which a nation,

opulentissima in terris vocet

'he most powerful in the world, shall call

colatque tuo rito."

ind honor acoording to thine own institution."

data dextra, ait, se accipere

having given Aim bis right hand, said. that he neeoted

inquit

he said:

mater,

my mother

miki,

to BSC,

tibique

and that to thee

olim

hereafter

maximarn,

the greatest,

Hercules,

Hercules.

BOOK I.J

HISTORY OF BOME.

omen impleturumque fata

the omen, and would fulfil tits decree of the fates

oondita ac dicata ara. Ibi turn prim um

by building and oonsecrating an altar. There then for the first time

factum sacrum Herculi eximia bove capta

was performed a sacrifice to Reroutes of a chosen heifer taken

de grege, Potitiis ac Pinariis, maxims

from the herd, the Potitii and Pinarii, the most

inclyte familise quse turn incolebant ea loca,

distinguished families, which then inhabited these parti,

adhibitis ad ministerium dapemque.

having been invited to the service and the entertainment

Forte its evenit, ut Potitii prseeto essent ad tempus,

It so happened, that the Potitii were at hand in dms time,

extaque apponerentur his; extis adesis, Pinarii

and the entrails were served up to them; these being eaten, the Pinarii

venirent ad ceteram dapem: inde mansit institutum

came to the remainder of the feast: hence it oontinued a rule

donee Pinarium genus fait, ne vescerentur

as long as the Pinarian family existed, that they should not eat

exti? sollemnium. Potitii edocti

>f the entrails of the solemn sacrifices. The Potitii, instructed

ab Evandro fuerunt antistites ejus sacri per

by Evander, were direotors of that sacred function for

multas setates, donee sollemni ministerio familise

many ages, until, the solemn effice of their family

tradito pqblicis servis, Potitiorum omne genus

ceing delegated to public servants, their whole race

interiit Hsec una ex omnibus peregrina sacra,

became extinot. These were the only foreign religious rites, wAtcA

Bomulus turn suscepit, fautor jam turn

Komulus then ,adopted, being an abettor, even then,

immortalitatis parte virtute, ad quam sua fata

of immortality obtained by merit, to which his own destinies

slucebant eum.

ao

[BOOK 1.

TITU8 UrVTCB.

VIII.�Rebus divinis rite perpetratis,

The duties of religion haring been duly performed

multitudineque vocata ad concilium,

end the multitude rammoned to en assembly,

qua poterat coalesce re in populi unius corpus

as they oould he inoorporated into one people

nulla re prater quam legibus, dedit jura;

by no other method than fixed rules, he gere them a body o/Uwtt

ratus, si ipse fecisset se venerabilem

and judging, that, if he made himself dignified

insignibus imperii, quse fore ita sancta

\y the ensigns of sovereignty, they would thus be held sacred

agreeti generi hominum, fecit se augustiorem

among this uncultured olass of men, he rendered himself more majestic

cum eetero habitu, turn inaxime sumptis

both in his other appointments, and espeoially by taking

duodecim lictoribus. Alii putant, eum

twelve liotors at attendants. Some think, that he

secutnm numerum ab numero avium, quse augurio

chose this number from that of the birds, which in the augury

portenderant regnum: me baud poenitet

had portended the kingdom to him: I have no objoption

esse sententise eorum, quibus placet, et

to be of the opinion of those, who hold, that both

appari tores et hoc genus,

the apparitors in general and this particular olass of t*�H

quoque ipsum numerum ductum ab Etruscis

as well as their number, were taken from their Etrurian

finitimis, unde curulis sella unde toga pratexta

neighbors, from whom the on rule chair and the gown edged with purple

�umpta est; et Etruscoe ita habuisse,

were bcrrowed ; and that the Etrurians had such an arrangement,

quod rege create communiter ex duodecim

because, their king being elected in oommon from twelve

populis, singuli populi dederint singulos lictores

states, each state gave him one lictor.

Interim urbs cresoebat appetendo

«eenwhlle the oity inoreseed by SbstV taking is

HOOK I.J

»1

HISTORY OF ROME.

alia atque alia loca munitionibus, cum muniront

various lou of ground for buildings, whilst they built

magis in spem future multitudinia, quam

rather with a view to future numbers. than

ad id hominum, quod turn erat. Deinde, ne

for the population, which then was at hand. Then, 'est

magnitudo urbis esset vana, causa

the sise of the eity might be of no avail, for the purpose

adjicienda multitudinia vetere consiHo-

of augmenting the population acoording to the anoient polley

condentium urbes, qui, conciendo ad M

of the founders of oities, (who, after oolleeting to them

obecuram atque hurailem multitudinem,

an obscure and mean multitude,

ementiebantur, sibi prolem natara e terra,

used to pretend, that their offspring sprung out of the earth,)

aperit asylum locum, qui nunc septus est

he opened as a sanctuary a place, which is now enclosed,

descendentibus inter duos lucos. Eo perfugit

as fM go down to the two groves. Hither fled

ex finitimis populis, sine discrimine

from the neighboring states, without distinction, wJtetto

liber an servus esset, turba omnis, avida

freeman or bondman, a crowd of all sorts, eager

no varum reruns, jdque fuit primum roboris

for a change, and this was the first addition of strength

ad coeptam magnitudinem. Cum jam baud poeniteret

to their rising greatness. When he was now not dissatisfied with

virium, deinde parat consilium

is strength, he next provided a meant o/ direction

viribns: creat centum senatores, sive quia

tor that strength: he creates one hundred senators, either because

Lb numerue erat satis, sive quia erant soli

that number was suffioient, or because there were only

centum, qui possent creari pa tree.

wbc could name their *

32

[BOOK I.

TITUS LIV1US.

Certe appellati patres ab honore, que

They were certainly culled fathers through respect, and

eorum progenies patricii.

their descendants, patrioiana.

ut esset par bello

that it was a match in war

IX.�Jam Romana res erat adeo valida,

And now the Roman state was beoome so powerful,

cuilibet finitimarum civitatum:

for any of the neighboring nations;

sed penuria mulierum magnitudo duratura erat

its greatness was likely to last

quibus essent

they had

l,ut from the pauoity of women

SBtatem hominis;

but one age of man ;

nec spes prolis domi,

no hope of issue at home,

cum finitimis. Turn,

quippe

for

nec

nor

with their noighbors.

Romulus

Romulus

qui peterent

who were to solioit

novo populo:

far his new subjects:

connubia

had they any intermarriages

ex consilio patrum,

upon the advice of the fathers,

circa vicinas gentes,

round to the adjoining states,

connubiumque

and the privilege of intermarriage

urbes quoque, ut

he intimated Ut them that oities, too, like

Therefore,

misit legates

sent ambassadors

societatem

cetera, nasci ex infimo;

every thing else, rose from low beginning!;

quas dii ac sua virtus

thcee, which the gods and their own merit

dein,

that, in time,

juvent,

supported,

facere sibi

procured to themselves

satis scire

*hat he knew full well,

Romanse,

of Rome,

homines

magnas opes

great power

et deos adfuisse

both that the gods had favored

et virtutem non defuturam:

and that merit would not be wanting:

magnumque nomen;

and great renown;

origini

the founding

proinde

wherefore,

ne gravarentur

they should feel no reluctance

miscere sanguinem

to mix their blood

ac genus

and race

cum

with

hominibus.

Nusquam

Nowhere

BOOK I.] HISTORY OF BOMS. 38

legatio benigne audita est: adeo

wai the embassy favorably heard: to mnch

simul spernebant, simul metuebant sibi ac

did the; at the same time despise, and dread for themselves and

enis posteris, tan tam ruolem crescentem in medio :

their posterity, so great a power growing up in their midst:

ac dimiasi aplerisque rogitantibus,

aceordingly they were dismissed by the greater part with the question,

ecquod aperuissent asylum feminis quoque,

whether they had opened an asylum for women also,

enim id fore demum compar connubium,

for that this would be the only suitable plan for intermarriage.

Romaoa pubes passa id segre, et

The Roman youth resented this conduct bitterly, and

res baud dubie coepit spec tare ad

the matter evidently began to point towards

vim. Romulus, ut daret aptum

violence. Romulus, in order that he might afford a favorable

tern pus locumque cui, dissimulans

time and place for this, dissembling

fegritudinem animi, ex industria parat sollemnea

his displeasure, nurposely prepares solemn

ludos equestri Neptuno Consualia:

games >s honor of the equestrian Neptune; he eaUt them Consualia:

deinde jubet spectaculura indici finitimis ;

he then orders the spectacle to be proclaimed among their neighbors;

concelebrantque, quanto

and they (t. e. hie people) prepare for the celebration with all

apparatu turn sciebant, aut poterant,

the magnificence they then knew of, or were capable of doing,

ut facerent rem claram exspectatamque.

that they might render the matter famous and an object of expectation.

Multi mortales convenerc, studio etiam videndse

Great numbers of people assembled, from a desire also of seeing

uovse urbiu; maxime quique proximi,

the new oity; espeoially their nearest neighbors,

Oninenses, Crustumini, Antemnates

th Csaninensw. Crustumini. and AntemnaKv.

S4

TTTU8 LIVIUS.

Jam

Moreover

cum conjugibus

with their wives

l>er rlomos,

to the different homes,

moeniaque,

tod fortifieations,

mirantur

they were astonished

tarn brevi.

so rapidly.

Ubi tempus spectaculi

When the time for the spectacle

que mentes cum oralis

and while their minds and eyes

omnis multitudo Sabinorum venit

the whole multitude of the Sabines oame

ac liber is: hospitaliter invitati

and children : having been hospitably invited

cum vidissent situm

when they had viewed the situation

et urbem

and the oity

Romanam rem crevisse

that the Roman power had in

frequentem tectis,

" 1 with I

turn, ex composito,

then, acoording to ooncert,

Romana juventus

the Roman youth

virgines.

the young women.

venit,

arrived, [n. c. 4 ; a. o. 748,]

deditse erant eo,

were intent upon it,

vis orta; signcque dato,

a tumult began ; and upon a signal given,

discurrit ad rapiendas

ran different ways to carry off

Magna pars raptre forte,

A great number were borne away at hap-hasard.

in quern quseque inciderat; homines ex plebe,

aceording as they fell into their hands ; persons from the <

qui bus negotium datum erat,

to whom the task had been assigned,

quasdani

aapaa wotaen

deferebant domos

oonveyed to their houses

excellentes forma, destinatas

of surl assing beauty, being designed

priiuoribus patrum. Ferunt unam, longe

, -: the prinoipal senators. They say that one, highly-

insignem ante alias specie ac pulchritudint,

distinguished above the rest for her stature and beauty,

cujusdam Thalassii

of one Thalassius,

multisque sciscitantibus, cuinam ferrent eam,

and whilst many inquired, to whom they were carrying her,

olaraitatum identidem, ne quis violaret,

thev oried out every now and then, in order tha' tc iii o,isrht molest *e'

raptam

was carried off

a globo

by the party

l] histoby of bomb. 34

ferri Thalassio; inde hanc vooem

tkat 4kt ih being taken to Thalamus; whence the ory

fmclam nuptialem. Ludicro turbato per metnm,

beeame a naptial one. The festival being disturbed by thie alarm,

parentes virginum profngiunt moesti,

the parents of the young women retired full of grief,

incusantes foedus violati hospitii, que

Inveighing against the eompset of riolated hospitality, and

invocantes deum, ad cujus sollemne ludosque

invoking the god, to whose solemn festival and games

venissent, decepti per fas ac fidem.

they had oome, deceived under eolor of religion and good faith.

Neo aut est melior apes de se,

Neither were better hopes with regard to themselves,

aut minor indignatio raptis;

or less indignation entertained by the ravished virgins;

sed Romulus circumibat ipse docebatque,

however, Romulus went about in person and declared,

id factum superbia patrum,

' that this proceeding bad been occasioned by the pride of their fathers,

qui negassent finitimis oonnubium;

who had denied their neighbors fjkt privilege of intermirriage;

tamen, illas fore in matrimonio,

that notwithstanding (its they should be Joined in lawful wedlock,

in societate omnium fortunarum

6c tdmttted to the oommon enjoyment of all their possessions

ci ritatisque, et, quo nihil sit carius

and oivil rights, and, than which nothing can be dearer

humano generi, liber fim: modo mollirent

to the human heart, of their eommon children : they should now soften

iras, et darent animoe, quibus

their resentment, and bestow their asfections upon thom to whom

fore dedisset corpora; ex

had oonsigned their persons." Be added that from

injuria ssepe ortam gratiam postmodum;

treatment often sprung mutual regard before leng;

usuras melioribus viris eu,

tjue

umi

that they should find them better husbands on this

36

[book l

TITUS LIVIU8.

quod quisque

because every one

functus sit

oaving performed

ut expleat etiam

to make up also

patriseque.

and native oountry.

cum

adnisurus sit pro se,

would strive to his utmost,

officio,

in tkt eonjugal office,

virorum

*f the husbands

atque amore,�

and love,

suam vicem

his duty

desiderium

for the loss

Accedebant

To ihu were added

purgantium factum

exousing their eonduct

parentium

of their parents

blanditise

the (

cupiditate

on lle plm of passion

preces, quse sunt

arguments, which are

efficaces ad muliebre ingenium.

foroible with woman's heart.

maxime

particularly

X.�Animi

The minds

mitigati;

soothed;

concitabant

sought to rouse

raptis et erant jam admodum

of the ravished virgins were soon very much

at raptarum parentes

but their parents

civitates

the states

lacrimisque

and tears

indignationes

their resentment

undique

from all quarters

et querelis.

and oomplaints.

tantum domi,

merely to their own homes,

ad Titum Tatiura,

to Titus Tatius,

turn maxime

then most of all

veste sordida

by putting on mourning apparel,

Nec continebant

Nor did they eonfine

sed congregabantur

but they flocked

regem Sabinorum;

king of the Sabines:

quod nomen Tatii

because the name of Tatius

et,

and,

in iis regionibus,

in those parts,

Cteninenses,

The Cseninenses,

erat

legationes

Crustuminique

Crustumini

maximum

tho most powerfni

conveniebant eo

were addressed to him

et Antemnates

and Antemnates

erant,

pertinebat;

extended;

ad quos

to whom

his

to

pars

a portion

Tatius Sabinique

Tatius and ths Sabines

ejus injunre

of the outrage

visi sunt

BOOK Lj

37

HISTORY OP BOME.

agere

to proceed

lente : ipsi Ires popnli

ratker lamely; wherefm then three �tatei,

communiter inter se pa rant bellum. Neo

joined in a oonfederacy, make preparations for war. Not

quidem Crustumini atque Anteranates movent

do the Crustumini and Antemnates bestir

pro ardore iraque

to nil the impatience and rage

nomen Cseninum -

the state of the Cseninenses

satis impigre

briskly enough

Cseninensium;

of the Cseninenses;

per se ipsum

by itself

Bed Romulus

But Romulus,

in Romanurn agrum.

into the Roman territory.

fit obvius vastantibus

met them ravaging

levique oertamine

and by a slight <

ita

acoordingly,

facit impetum

makes an irruption

cum exercitu

with his army,

effuse,

aW eountry in a disorderly manner,

docet, iram sine viribus

teaches them, that rage without power

Pundit fugatque exercitum,

He defeats and routs their army,

obtruncat et spoliat

kills and despoils

occiso hoetium duce, capit urbem

having slain the enemy's general, reduoes their oity

impetu. Inde reducto victore exercitu,

assault. From thence having led back his victorious army,

cum vir magnificus factis, turn

Msf both a man glorious in his achievements, and

regem

their king

is of no avail.

persequitur fusum,

pursues it whm routed,

in proelio:

in battle: and

pnmo

at the first

gerens

oarrying before Ua,

baud minor ostentator factorum,

a no less mceentful exhibitor of them,

in Capitolium,

tc the Capitol,

apte fabrieato ad id

properly oonstructed for that purpose,

ducis; ibique,

I; andtl

ipse escendit

he went in state

suspensa ferculg

spolia hostium

the spoils of the enemy'*

cum deposuisset ad

after he had laid them down undei

quercum, sacram pas tori bus, simul cum dono,

an oak. held sacred by the shepherds, together with the offering.

TITUS LIVIUh.

[BOOK L

designavit fines

he marked out the bounda

teraplo Jovia, addiditque

for a temple of Jupiter, and gave

" Jupiter Feretri," inquit,

" Jupiter Feretri us," he says,

victor, fero tibi haae

upon my victory, offer to thee theM

que dedico templum

and to tket I dedicate a temple

quas modo metatua sum animo,�

which I have now measured out in my mind,

opimis spoliia, qui

for the grand apoils, which my

sequentes me auctorem, ferent c»sis regibus

following my example, shall offer on slaying the kings

ducibusque hostiura." Hsec est origo templi,

and generals of their enemies." This ia the origin of that temple.

cognomen deo:

a surname to the god:

" rex Romulus,

"1, king Romulus,

regia anna,

rcyal arms,

his regionibus,

within those regions,

sedem

at a repository

quod

which

primum omnium sacra turn est Romse.

was the firat oonseorated io Rome.

Deinde ita visum diis,

It afterwards ao pleased the gods,

conditoris templi, qua

of the founder of the temple, by which

laturos spolia eo,

general* would carry spoils thither,

nec laudeni ejus doni

acr that the glory of that offering

multitudine compotum. Postea, inter tot

by the great number of those sharing at. In after times, during so maay

annos, tot bella, opima spolia bina parta sunt,�

years, ned ac many wars, the grand spoils bave been but twice "

adeo rara fuit fortuna ejus decoris.

so rare bas been the fortunate attainment of that boner.

nec vocem

that neither the prediction

nuncupavit posteroa

he intimated that future

irritam esse,

should prove erroneous,

vulgari

should be rendered oommon

XI.�Dum Romani ibi gerunt ea,

Whilst the Romans are there achieving thsso

exercitus Antemnatium, per occasionem

the arrov of the Antemnatrs. in new o/the favorable oonjunetan

MOK (.J

33

HE3TOBY OF BOMS,

ac «olitudinem facit incursionem

and the absence of their mllitary, makes an incursion

in Rot-ianos fines hoetiliter. Romana legio

into the Uoman borders in a hostile manner. A Roman legion,

dncta mptim ad hos et oppressit

being marched nut in haste against these also, surprised

palates in agris; igitur hostes

them while straggling through the fields; acoordingly the enem

nisi primo clamore et impetu, oppidum captum '

were routed at the first shout and charge; their town taken;

ovantemque duplici victoria, conjux Hersilia

and cm he mat uniting tor thit double viotory, his oonsort Hersilia,

fatigata precibus raptarum orat

importuned by the entreaties of the captured �ua, petitions

Romulum, ut det veniam earum parentibus,

Romulus, to show favor to their parents,

et accipiat in civitatem; ita rem

and admit them to the privilege of oitisens; that thns Ms power

posse coalescere concordia.

might be strengthened by a reoonoiliation. Her requeet

Facile impetratum. lode profectus contra

was readily granted. Thercupon he marched against

Crostuminos, inferentes bellum; fait

the Crustumini, who were carrying on hostilities ; but there was

etiam minus certaminis ibi, quod animi

even less resistance there, because their spirits

ceciderant cladibus alienis. Colonise missa

were sunk by the defeats of their allies. Colonies were sent

utroque; plures inventi, qui darent nomina

to both places, but more were found to give in their names

in Crustuminum, propter ubertatera terne.

for Crustuminum, on acoount of the fertility of the soli

Migratum est frequenter et inde Romano,

Migrations in great numbers were also made from thence to Rome,

maxima a parentibus ac propinquis raptarum.

chiefly by the parents and relatives of the ravished women

Novissimum bellum ortum ab Sabinis,

The last war broke oat on the part of the Sablaee,

10

[BOOK I.

TITU8 LIVIUS.

que id fait multo maximum: enim nihil

and it was by far the moat formidable: for nothing

actum est per iram aut cupiditatem; nec

was di no through rage or cupidity; no?

oetenderunt bellum, priusquam intulerunt

did they make a show of war, before they actually began it.

Consilio dolus etiam additus. Spurius Tarpeiu»

To prndenee stratagem also was added. Spnrius Tarpeiut

pneerat Roman» arci; Tatius oorrumpit

oommanded the Roman oitadel; Tafias bribes

hujus virginem filiam auro, ut accipiat

his maiden daughter with gold, to admit

armatos in arcem: ea ierat forte extra

armed soldiers into the oitadel: she had gone by chanee without

moenia turn petitum aquam sacris.

the fortifications at the time, to bring water for the sacred rites

Obrutam armis aooepti

Bnried beneath their armour, they est* ersre admitted

necavere; seu ut arx videretur potius

*rushed her to death; either that the oitadel might seem rather

seu causa prodendi

or for the purpose of establishing

exempli, ne quid fidum usquam esset

a precedent, that no faith should,under any oiroumstaneessbe kept

capta vi,

to have been taken by storm,

proditori.

with a traitor.

Sabini

the Sabines

aureas armillas

golden bracelets

magna specie

of a large sire

quod baberent

what they had

eo acuta

heaps that their shields

aureis donis.

the golden presents.

Additur fabulse, quod

There is an addition to the story, that, as

vulgo habuerint l»vo brachio

oommonly wore

magni ponderis,

of great weight,

gemmatos,

set with gems,

ou their left arm

annulosque

and rings

eam pepigisse

she bargained for

in sinistris manibus

on their left hands;

congesta illi pro

were thrown upon her instead oi

Sunt, qui dicant

There are some whs *ay,

aOOKI.J HISTORY OF BOMK

41

ex pacto tradendi quod esset in

that in pursuance of the agreement to deliver up what wa s M

�nutria manibus eam de recto petisse anna;

their left hands, she expressly demanded their shields;

et, visam agere fraude, ipsam peremptam

and that, appearing to act with treachery, she was killed

mercede sua.

by the reward of her own ekoonnj.

XII.�Sabini tamen tenuere aroem;

TheSabines, however, kept pomswion */ the eitadel;

atque die postero, cum Romanna exercitua

and on the day after, when the Roman army,

instructus complesset quod cam pi est inter

in order of battle, filled the whole plain that lies between

Palatium Capitolinumque collem, non

the Palatine and Capitoline hills, they did not

descenderunt inde in sequum priusquam,

oome down from thence to the level ground until,

ira etcupiditate recuperandse arcis

resentment and a desire to retake the eitadel

stimulante animos, Romaai subiere in adversum.

firing their spirits, the Romans advanoed to an assault.

Principes utrimque ciebant pugnam,

T,eo chiefs one on each side animated the battle, vis.

Mettius Gurtius ab Sabinis, Hostius Hoetiliul

Mettius Curtius on the part of the Babines, Hostns Hostilins

ab Romania. Hio ad prima signa

sn that of the Romans. The latter, in the front ranks,

animo atque audacia siistinebat Romanam rem

�y his spirit and intrepidity supported the Roman cause

iniquo loco; ut Hostius cecidit,

tr. disadvantageous ground; but when Hostus fell,

Romana acies confestim inclinatur, fusaque est

the Roman line immediately gave way, and was beaten

ad veterem portam Palatii. Romulus,

to the old gate of the Palatium. Romulus,

O TTTU8 UTm. [BOOK L

et ipse aotas fugientium turba, tollena arma

himself too being forced along by the flying orowd, ra*sing his arms

ad ooelura, inquit, " Jupiter, juasus taia avibus,

towards heaven, *ays, " 0 Jupiter, direoted by thy birds,

hie in Palatio jeci prima fundamenta uibi:

I here on the Palatine k*ll laid the first foandation of my oity.

Sabini jam habent aroem

The Babine* already hatepowirion of the oitadel,

emptam scelere: inde tendont hue armati,

purchased by frand: from thence they are now advanoing hither in arms,

superata media valle. At tu,

baving already pawed the middle of tkt valley. But do thou,

pater deum hominumque, hino saltern aree hostes,

father of gods and men, from bence at least repel the foe,

deme terrorem Romania, sisteque

remove dismay from tkt minde of the Romans, and stop

foedam fugam. Voveo templum hie tibi,

their shameful flight. I tow a temple here to thee,

Jovi Statori, quod sit monumentum posteris,

as Jupiter Stator, which shall be a testimony to posterity

urbem servatam esse tnrn prseeenti ope."

that lies eity was preserred by thy immediate aid.

Htec precatus, velut si sensisset preces

Having prayed thus, as if he had perceived that his supplications

auditas, inquit, " hinc, Romani, Jupiter

were heard, he ones out, "here, Romans, Jupiter,

optimus maximua jubet resistere atque

supremely good and great, orders you to halt, and

iterare pugnam." Romani restitere, tamquam

the fight" ~ . - .

The Romans halted as if

jussi voce ooelesti; ipse Romulus provolat

oommanded by a volce from heaven; and Romulus himself flew forward

ad pri mores. Ab Sabinis Mettius Curtiul

to the front. On the side of the Babines, Mettius Curtius

decucurrerat prinoeps ab aroe,

had rushed down at the head of let army from the oitadel,

et egerat Romanos efrusos quantum spatium est

and driven the Romans in disorder through all th

I.

43

K2BTOBY OF

jam erat

he wm already

uec procu,

not far

a porta Palatii,

the gate of the Palatiam,

cum viris,

with men."

tkese dastardly enemies. They now feel

rapere virgines, aliud longe pugnare

to ravish virgins, another, far different, to fight

toto foro;

siialMssl by the [whole] forum;

clamitans, "vicirnus

crying aloud, " We have ooequereo

perfidos hoepitee, imbelles hoe tes. Jam auiunt,

t*m perfidious strangers,

aliud esse

fiat it is one thing

" In eum, hsec gloriantem,

On him, thus vaunting,

Romulus facit impetum cum globo

Romulus makes an attack with a band

Mettius forte

Mettiua, as it happened,

eo fuit facilius pelli;

henee he was the more easily repulsed;

pulsum, et alia

when repulsed, and the rest

accensa audacia regis,

animated by the gallantry of their king,

Mettius, equo trepidante

Mettius, his none taking fright

in paludem:

into a lake;

ferocissimorum juvenum.

of the most oourageous youths.

turn pugnabat ex equo:

was then fighting on horseback:

Romaui perseqauntur

the Romans pursue him

Romana acies,

of the Rowan army,

(audit Sabinos.

routs the Sabines.

strepitu sequentium,

at the din of his pursuers.

conjecit sese

threw himself

eaque res

and this <"

averterat

drew

*kt

Ille

Ha,

Sabinos

of the Sabinee

et equidem,

however,

addito

acquired fresh

evadit.

periculo tanti viri.

at the risk of so important a person.

suifl adnuentibus ac vocantibus,

his own party beckoning and calling to him,

animo favore multorum,

eourage from the affection of the multitude, end made his esoap<..

Romani Sabinique redintegrant proelium

The Romans and Sabines renew the battle

media duorum montium, sed

between the two hills. but

erat su

in oonvalle

in the valley

Romana res

superior.

i ahead.

titus livnra.

[BoUK 1

XIII.� rum Sabinse mulieres, ex injuria quarum

At thi s crisis the Sabine women, from the outrage on whoa

bellum ortum erat, crinibus pass is

the war was began, with hair dishevelled

Hcissaque veste, muliebri pavore victo

and garments torn, their woman's timidity being overoome

malis, au&s inferre ne

y the sight of tuck disasters, had the oourage to throw thcuuo'vej

liter volantia tela, facto impetu ex trausverso

amid the flying weapons, and makiug a rush across,

dirimere infestas acies, dirimere iras; orantes

to part the incensed armies, and to assuage their fury; beseeching

hinc patres, hinc viros,

en the one hand their fathers, on the other their husbanda

sooeri generique, ne respergerent

that, as fathers-in-law and sons-in-law, they would not pollute

se nefando sanguine, ne maoularent

themselves with impious blood, nor stain

buos partus parrioidio,� illi nepotum progenia m

their offspring with parrioide, the one their grandchildruu,

hi liberum. " Si piget affinitaos

the other their children, " If you are displeased with the affinity

inter voe, si connubii, vertite iras in nott;

between you, if with our intermarriages, turn your rage against us;

nos sumus causa belli, nos vuluerum

we are the cause of the war, we lie cause of wounds

ac csdium viris ac parentibus: melius peribimus,

and death «o our husbands and parents; better we perish,

quam vivemus viduse aut orbs sine

than live widowed or fatherless without

alteris vestrum." Res movet cum multitudinem,

one or the other of you." The oiroumstance affects both the multitude

turn duces; silentium et repentina quies fit. Inde

and the leaders; silence and a sudden suspension ensue. Upon this

duces prodeunt ad fced us faciendum;

the leaders oome forward to ooncert a treaty; [u. o. 7; a. c. 746.1

nec modo faciunt pacem, sed

and they not only oonclude a peace, but form

BOOK I. J

HISTORY OF ROUE.

unam civitatem ex duabus. Consociant regnam,

one state oat of two. They assooiate the regal power,

oonferunt omne imperium Romam. Urbe

mod transfer the entire sovereignty to Rome. The oity

ita geminata, ut tamen aliquid daretar

Mag thas doubled, that at least some eemptimmU might be pai

Sabinis, appellati Quiritee a Curibus.

to the Sabines, they were oalled Quirites from d*m

Monumentum ejus pugnse, appellarunt

Ae a memorial of this battle, they called tin plat

ubi equus emersus ex profunda palude

where the horse, upon getting out of the deep march

primun. Btatuit Curtium in vado, Curtium lacum.

first net Curtins in shallow water, the Curtian lake.

Lata pax repente ex bello tam triati,

The happy pease following suddenly upon a war so distressing,

fecit Sabinaa cariores viris ac parentibus,

rendered the Sabine women still dearer to their husbands and i

et ante omnee Bomulo ipai. Itaque

and above all, to Romulus himself. Acoordingly,

cum divideret populum in triginta curias,

when he dirided the people into thirty curise,

imposuit earum nomina curiis. Cum hand dubie

he oonferred their suim u; on them. Since, without doabt,

numerus mulierum fuerit aliquanto major hoc,

the number of women was oonsiderably greater than this,

id non traditur, quse darent nomina

it is not reoorded auWfter those, who gave their names

curiis, lecta aint setate,

tn the curise, were selected on acoount of their age,

an suia virorumve dignitatibus, an aorte.

<>r their own or their husbands' dignity, or by lot.

Eodem tempore et tres oentoria equitum

At the same time, also, three centuries of knights

oonscriptse aint, appellati Ramnenses ab Romulo,

were eurolled, oalled Ramnensea from Romalus,

Titienses ab T. Tatio; causa nominia et originis

ritiensea from Titua Tatiua; the reason of the name and orig*n

46

[book l

TITU8 LIVITO.

Lucerum inoerta est. Inde regnum

of the Luceres ia uncertain. Thenceforward the government

fait non modo commune, sed concora etiam

was eondnrted not only in oommon, but in ooneord alto

duobus regibus.

by the two Icingt.

XIV.�Poet aliquot annoe, propinqui regis Tatii

Several year s after, tome relatives of king Tatins

pulsant legatee Laurentium, cumque Lauren tee

beat the ambassadors of the Laureates, and when the Laurentes

agereut jure gentium, gratia euorum

lout action acoording to the law of nations, the influence of his friends

et preoes plus poterant apud Tatium.

and their importunities had more weight with Tatins.

Igitur vertit in se poenani illorurn ;

He therefore drew upon himself the punishment due to them;

nam interficitur Lavinii, concursu facto,

for he is slain at Laviniu,u in a tumult raised

cum eo venisset ad sollemne sacrificium. Eam rem

on his going thither to an anniversary sacrince. This proceeding,

ferunt Romulum tulisse minus segre quam

they say, Romulus regarded wjth leas resentment than

dignum erat; seu ob societatem

was beooming to kim, either because of their assooiation

regni infidam, seu quia credebat

in the kingly power lacking oordiality, or because he believed

haud injuria cneum. Itaque quidem abetinuit

that he was deservedly killed. For this very reason, he deollned /otNf

bello; ut tamen injuria legatorum

to war; in order, however, that the ill-treatment of the ambassadors

regisque csades expiarentur, foedus inter

and the murder of the king might be expiated, the league between

urbes Romam Laviniumque renovatum est.

the oities o/Roxse and Lavinium was renewed.

fit cum bis quidem pax erat ineperata;

this party, indeed. peace oontinued oontrary to expectation .

auOK I.J HISTORY OF HOME. 41

aliud hellum ortum multo propius, atque

another war broke oat much nearer earns and

prope in ipsis portis. Fidenates, rati opes

almost at the very gates. The Fidenates, thinking that a powei

oimis vicinaa prope se oonvalesoere, occupabant

too near to themselves wa s growing formidable, determine

face re bellum, priusquam easet tantum

to make war before there should be such a degree

roboris, quantum apparebat futurum.

of strength, a s it wae evident there would he.

Armata juventute immiasa, quod agri

Ad anced body of young men being sent in, all the land, thai

inter urbem ae Fidenas est vastatur. Inde

lies between the oity and Fidenas is laid waste. Then

versi ad lsevam, quia Tiberis arcebat dextra,

turning to the left, boeanao the Tiber oonfined them on the right.

populantur cum magna trepidatione

they continued their depredations to the great consternation

agrestium, re|K nsque tumultus Hiatus ex agris

of the peasantry ; and the sudden exoitement, spreading from the eountry

in urbem fuit pro nuntio. llomulua

into the oity, tarred as the firtt announcement. Romulus

excitua,� enim bellum tam vicinura

taking alarm, (for a war to near homt

neque poterat pati dilationem,� educit exercitum,

eould not admit of delay,) leads out his annv.

locat castra mille passuum a Fidenia,

mmd pitches his camp a mile from Fidense.

Ibi relicto modico prsesidio, egrensus omnibus

Having left there a small garrison, marching out with all

oopiis, jussit partem militum

the rest of his forces, he ordered a p wty of h*s soldiers

subsidere in insidiis obscuris loci* circa

to lie in ambush in eoncealed planes about

denea obeita virgulta; profectus cum

thick-eet bushes; then advanoing with

parte majore atque omni equitatu, adequitandc

the greater part of the foot and all the horse, by riding up

A8

[BOOK I,

TITUS LTVIU8.

prope ipsis portis,

almost to the very gates,

pugna

of attack

tumultuoso et minaci genere

in an irregular and menaoing mode

excivit hostem,� id quod qmerebat.

the very thing he wanted.

he drew out the enemy,�

Eadem pnena equestris

The same mode offighting on tkt part of the oavalry

dedit causara fugse,

rendered the cause of the flight,

minus mirabilem:

quoque

likewise

qua

which

et cum,

loss surprising: and when,

velut inter consilium

between the resolutions

referret gradum,

retreated,

simulanda erat,

was to be oounterfeited,

equitatu trepidant*

the oavalry wavering,

pugnse fugseque,

of fight and flight,

hostel

the enemy

plenis portis, impulsa

from the crowded gates, and, having broken

trahuntur ad locum inaidiaruni

are drawn on to the place of a,nb,,Kend*

inatandi sequendique. lnde

to press on and pursue. Cpon thi

exorti subito invadunt liostium aciem

rising suddenly, attack the enemy's line

Signa eorum,

The ensigns of those,

in prsesidio, mota e castris, addunt pavorem :

on guard, advanoing from the camp, further increase the panic :

as it were,

pedes quoque

the infantry also

repente effusi

suddenly rushed

Romana acie,

the Roman line,

studio

m their eagerness

Rornani

the Romans,

transversam.

in flank.

qui relicti fuerant

who had been left bchinu

Fidenates

the Fidenates,

rertunt terga

turn their backs

quique erant

tnd thos* who had yone

ita perculsi

thus dismayed

psene prius

�, Uuost sooner

cum eo

with bim

inultiplici terroru,

with multiplying terrcrt,

quam Romulus,

than Romulus,

equites,

on horseback.

circumagereut equos frenis;

eould wheel their horses round [by the reins;]

paulo ante secuti erant

a little before bad pursued men

que

and

qu*

those, who

repetebant oppidum

esew ra* 1

simulantes,

pretending to fy.

mnlto effusius,�

in n,vnh rreater diftordei

BOOK I.] HISTOBY OF BOUK 40

quippe fuga vera. Non tamen eripuere bo

for their flight wu m earn eat. They did not, however, rid themselvea

hoed; Romanus h arena in tergo

>f the enemy; the Roman kott, pres*ing on their rear,

irrnmpit velut ano agmine, priusquam

rush in » it were in one body,

fines portarum objioerentur.

the gates eould be shat

XV.�Animi Veientium irritati

The minda of the Veientes being exoited

oontagione Fidenatis belli,

oy the oontagioua infinence of the Fidenatian war,

et oonsanguinitate,� nam Fidenates quoque

both from a tit of oonsangninity, (for the Fidenates also

fuerunt Etrusoi,� et quod ipsa propinquitas

were Etrurians,) and because the very proximity

loci, si Romana arma infesta essent

eftitaation, in ease the Roman arma shonld be turned against

omnibus finitimis, stimulabat, excucurrerunt

all their neighbors, urged them on, they made an incursion

in Roman OS fines more populabundi maris quam

on the Roman borders, in the manner of a predatory, rather than

josti belli; itaque non castris positis,

of a regular war; and thna without pitching a camp,

non exspectato hostium exercitu, rediere Veios

or waiting the approach of the enemy's army, they returned to Veii,

portantes prsedam raptam ex agris.

oarrying with <Aewt the booty oollected from the lands

Contra Romanus, postquam non invenil

On the other sine, the Roman (army) when they did not And

hostem in agris, instructus intentusqae

the enemy in the eountry, being prepared for and detemined on

ultima diuiijatioui, transit Tiberim.

a deoisive action, Grossed the Tiber.

Postquam Veientes audiver», qnero

And when the Veientes heard. that the?

50

[book l

TITU8 IJVIU8.

ponere castra,

were forming a oamp,

egressi obviam,

shey oame out to meet them,

et aocessurum

and intended to advance

acie,

quam

than,

In the open field,

dc tectis moenibusque,

from their houses and walls.

ad orbem,

to their tity,

ut potius deoernereut

that they might rather deoide ikt Matter

inclusi dimicarent

being shot up, fight

Ibi Roman in rex vicit,

Here the Roman king got the viotoi y,

viribus adjutis nulla arte, tantum robore

hit power being unassisted by any stratagem, merely by the strength

/eterani exercitus; persecutusque fusos hoetes

of his reteran army; and having pursue

abstinuit urbe,

he made no attempt on the oity,

maris ac munita

by its fortifications and well defended

rediens vastat agroe,

he lays waste their lands,

quam pnedse.

than of booty.

ea clade

by that loss

mittunt oratores Romam

send deputies to Rou,e

id moenia,

lo their walls,

om returning,

nlcisoendi,

of revenge,

subacti

being humbled

adversa pugna,

by the unsuccessful battle,

petitum paoem.

valida

strong at it vxu

ipso situ:

by its very situation

magis studio

more from a desire

Que Veieiites

And the 1

baud minus quam

no less than

Inducue

A truce

in centum annos dat»

for a hundred years was granted

parte agri. Haw

These ,

a part of their land.

domi militiseque Romulo regnante,

t in peace and war daring Romulus' reign,

multatis

, affr being fined

ferme gesta

the prinoipal transactions in peace and war during ]

nihil quorum fuit absonum fidei'

eofwhich was at variance with the belief

divinitatisque credits post mortem,

and his supposed divinity after death;

non animus in recuperando avito regno, non

neither his spirit in recovering his grandfather's kingdom, nor

consilium oondend» urbis, non firmandse

his projeot of building a oity, nor tknt of strengthening *

divinse originis,

in his divine origin

BOOK I.} HISTORY OF ROME.

51

bello ac pace ; enim viribua datis

by tho arf of war and peace ; for by the strength a ttainud

ab illo profecto, tontum valuit, ut in

from that outset mular him, it became m powerful, thet,during

quadraginta annoe deinde haberet

forty year s after, It enjoyed

tutara pacem. Fuit tamen gratior multitudini

"1 pease. He was, however, more in favor with the people,

juam patrihus, longe ante alios acoeptissimus

than with the Ha*ts, and mnch above all others meat beloved

auimis militam; treoentosque, quos

by the soldiers; and three hundred of Ihem, whom

appellavit Celeres, habuit armatob

he e ~

) called Celerea, he kept

ad custodiam corporis, non solum in bello, aed

as a body guard, not only in war, but

in pace etiam.

in pease [also].

XYI.�Editis his immortalibus operibns, cum

After performing these immortal achievments, while

haberet ooncionem in campo ad paludem

ne was holding an assembly in the plain near the lake

Capra ad reoensendum exercitum, subito

of Capra for tko lwysss of reviewing his army, on a sodden

Lempestas coorta cum magno fragore tonitribusque

a storm,having arisen with great thunder and lightning,

operuit regem tam denso nimbo, ut abstulerit

enveloped the king in so dense a mist, that it took

conspectum ejus concioni: nec fuit Romulus

all sigl * of him from the assembly: nor was Romulus

deinde in terris. Pavore

after this torn on earth, [r. 0. 37 l a. o. 716.] The oonsternation

tand<m sedato, serena et tranq^illa lux

having at Hngth subsided, and oalm and serene weather

rediit postquam ex tam turbido die, ubi

returned in raeeession to *o turbulent a day, when

TITU8 LTVIUS.

[book l

Romana pa bee

the Roman youth

proximi,

nearest him,

tamen

yet

obtinuit

they observed

Deinde,

qui steterant

who had stood

procella;

by the storm,

vidit regiam sedein vacuam,

saw the royal seat empty,

etei satis credebat patribus,

though they readily believed the senators,

rap turn sublimem

that he was carried up on high

icta metu velut orbitatis,

struck with the dread, as it were, of orphanage,

moestum silentium

a sorrowful silenee

facto

having beei

initio

Then,

universi

the whole anembly

deo natum,

the son of a deity,

exposcunt pacem

they implore his favor

semper

always

Credo

I believe that

qui taciti arguerent

who silently surmised,

manibus

by the hands

quoqua manavit

also spread,

aliquamdiu.

for quite a time.

a paucis,

by a few,

Romulum deum,

Somulus as a deity,

Romana urbis;

of the Roman eity;

ut volens

that he would be pleased

suam progeniem.

his own offspring.

turn quoque fuisse aliquos,

even then there were some,

regem discerptum

that the king had been torn in pieces

patrum ; enim hsec fama

of the senators; for this rumor

sed perobscura; ad mi ratio

but was little oredited; their admiration

jubent salvere

salute

regem parentemque

the king and parent

preoibus,

with prayers,

propitius sospitet

propitiously to ]

pavor

the oonsternation prevailing

illam alteram.

the other report.

prsesens

at the time,

viri et

of the man, and

nobilitavit

attached importance to

Et consilio

By the oontrivance,

addita fides dicitur

additional oredit is said to have been gained to the matter; for

Proculus Julias,� civitate sollicita desiderio

Proculus Julius, (while the state wot troubled with regret

etiam

also,

unius hominis

of one individua.

re*;

namque

Lj HISTORY OF ROME. 63

regis et infensa patribus,� auctor gra ris,

tor the king, anl feU incensed against the senators,) a person of weighs

at traditar, rei quamvis magnse,

as we are told, in any matter however important,

prodit in concionem, " Quirites," inquit,

erases forward to the assembly, " Romans," he says,

** Romulus, parens hujus urbis repente delapsni

"Romulus, the father of this oity, suddenly descending

ooelo prima luce hodierna dedit se

from heaven at early dawn to-day, presented himself

obvium mihi. Cum adstitissem, perfusus

before me. While I stood oovered

horrore venerabundus, petens precibus,

with awe in a worshiping potters, addressing him with prays�,

ut fas esset intueri contra, inquit,

that I might be allowed to bchold him face to face, he said,

' Abi, nuntia Romania, ooelestes ita velle

'Go, tell the Romans, that the gods so will,

ut mea Soma sit caput orbis terrarum.

that my Rome should beaaim the capital of the world.

Proinde colant rem militarem, sciantque

Therefore let them cultivate the art of war, and be assured

et ita tradant posteris, nullas hnmanas

and hand this assurance down to posterity, that no human

opes posse resistere Romania armis.'

power shall be able to withstand the Roman arms.'

Locutus hsc," inquit, " abiit sublimis."

Speaking thus," [said he,] "he ascended up to heaven.''

Mirum, quantum fidei fuerit illi viro,

A is surprising, how much oredit was otven to the man.

nuntianti hsec; quamque desiderium

an making this announcement; and how muck the regret

Romuli apud plebem exercitumque

for Me (ass of Romulus, on the part of the peop*e and the army,

lenitum sit fide immortalitatis facta.

upon the belief in his immortality being established

54 riTU8 i.ivios. lwklk i

XVII.�Interim cupido ac certamen regni

Meanwhile ambition and eontention for the sovereignty

versabat animos patrum; necdum

actuated the minds of the senators ; and yet no i

a singulis pervenerat, quia in novo

on the part of individuals bad proven successful, because, among a new

populo nemo magnopere eminebat:

people, no one porton was eminently distinguished abort lit rtti

certabatur factionibus inter ordines.

It was a oontest of factions between lit different orders.

Oriundi ab Sabinis volebant regem creari

The descendants of the Sabines wished a king to be eleoted

sui corporis, ne, quia non erat regnatum

tmt of their body, lest, (beoause there had been no king

ab sua parte post mortem Tatii, amitterent

on their side sines the death of Tatius,) they might loss

possessionem imperii in requa societate.

their claim to the crown acoording to lit equal partioipation-frra/e

Romani veteres aspernabantur peregrinum

The old Romans spurned lkt thought of a foreign

regem. In variis voluntatibus, tamen

prince. Amid Mt diversity of views, however,

omnes volebant regnari,

they were all anxious that there thould be a king,

dulcedine libertatis nondum experta. Timor

the sweets of liberty being as yet untasted. Fear

deinde inoessit patres, ne animis multarum

then came upon the senators, lest, the minds of many

circa civitatium irritatis aliqua

of the neighboring states being incensed agaimtt ileats some

externa vis adoriretur civitatem

foreign power might attack the state now

sine imperio, exercitum sine duce;

tthout a government, and the army without a leader

et igitur placebat esse aliquod caput,

and it was therefore their wish, that there efteaM be some head

et nemo induoebat in animum concedere alteri.

nut no one eonld prevail upon himself to give way to anothea

BOOK I.J HI8TORY OF ROMK. 56

Ita centum pa tree consociant rem

Thus the hundred senators shared the government

inter se, decern decuriis factis, singulisque

among themselves, ten deouries being formed, and one

creatis in singulas decurias, qui proeessent

selected from each deoary, who was to have

summ» rerum. Decern imperitabant, unus

the chief direotion of affairs. Ten governed { one only

crat cum insignibus imperii et lictoribus.

was attended with the ensigns of sovereignty and the liotors :

imperium finiebatur spatio quinque dierum,

their power was limited to the spsee of five days,

ac ibat per omnes in orbem, intervallumque

mnd it passed through all in rotation; and the interval between

regni fuit annuum. Ab

a kingly government lasted a year. [u. a S8; 1. c. 714.] From

id re appellatum interregnum, nomen

this eironmstance it was oalled an Interregnum,� a term

quod tenet nunc quoque. Deinde plebs

srhich holds good even now. By this time the people

fremere, servitutem multiplicatam,

began to murmur, that their slavery was multiplied,

centum dominos factoe pro uno;

that a hundred masters were set over tkem instead of one

nec videbantur passuri ultra nisi regem,

and It seemed they would suffer nothing but a king,

et creatum ab ipsis. Cum patre* sensissent

and that too elected by themselves. When the senators perceived.

ea moveri, rati offerendum

that such sekemee were in agitation, judging it prudent to offer them,

ultro, quod amissuri erant, ineunt

tl their own acoord, what they would have to lose, they eonoiliate

gratiam, permissa populo summa potestate

their favor, by granting the people the supreme power,

ita, ut darent non plus juris,

ft In snob a way as to allow them no more privilege,

quam detinerent: enim decreverunt, ut,

than thoy reserved fnr tkemeei-ee t for they decreed that

06 TETU8 LJTIUB. ^BOOK 1.

cum populus jussisset regem, id

when the people should choose a king, that eleeties

ratuni esset sic, si patres auctores fierent.

should be 'valid on thie oondition, if the senate approved

Hodie quoqne idem jus usurpatur

To this day, even, the same right is observed

in legibus rogandisque niagistratibus vi

in enacting lam and Meeting magistrates, thongk its fores

adempta; isquam popnlas Ineat

kat been destroyed ; Jut before the people

suffragium, patres auctores fiunt in

their voting, the senators pronounce their approbation in advance of

incertum even turn comitiorum. Turn interrex,

the get oncertain result of the elections. Then the interns,

advocate concione, inquit, " Quirites,

having called an assembly, said, " Romans,

create regem. quod sit bonum, faustunv

eleot a king, and may it prove prosperous, fortunate

felixque: ita visum est patribus. Deinde

and happy: so it has pleased the fathers. Then,

si crearitis dignum, qui numeretur secundus

if ye choose a person worthy to be esteemed a JU successor

ab Romulo, patres auctores fient." Id

to Romulus, the fathers will oonfirm the choice " This proceeding

fuit adeo gratum plebi, ut, ne viderentur

was so pleasing to the people, that, lest they might appear

victi beneficio, sciscerent juberentque modo id,

to be outdone in generosity, they voted and ordered only this,

ut senatus decerneret, qui regnaret Ronus.

that the senate should determine, who should be king rf Rome.

XV 111.�Justitia religioque Num» Pompilii

The justice and piety of Numa Pompilius

erat ea tempestate inclyta. Habitabat Curibua

were at that time celebrated. He dwelt at Cures,

Sabinis, vir consultissim us, ut quisquam

* city of the S<tbines, being a man as largely experienced, as any one

BOOK I.] HISTORY OP KOME. 57

ilia state poterat, omnia juris huraani atque

in that age oould be, in all laws human and

divini. Falso edunt, Pythagoram Samium

divine. They falsely represent, that Pythagoras of Samos toot

ejus auctorem doctrina, quia exstat non alius;

his teacher in philosophy, beoause there appears no other person

constat amplius centum annoa

ti reftr to; certain it is, acacever, that more than a hundred years

post, Servio Tullio regnunte Rom», queni

after (Ms, akil t Servius Tullius un,t king of Rome, he,

habuisse coetus juvenum »mulantium

(Pglhagoras,) held assemblies of young men, sealously devoted U

studia in ultima ora Italia, circa Metapontum

bis teachings, in the remotest part of Italy, about Metapontns,

Heracleamque et Crotonam. Ex quibus locis,

Heraelea and Croton. But from these places,

etsi fuisset ejuadem atatis, qua fa ma

even if he had lived at the same time, what fame of his

in Sabinos, aut quo commercio lingua

some to the Sabines, or by what interoourse of language

excivisset quemquam ad cupiditatem discendi;

have aroused any one to a desire of learning;

quove prasidio unus pervenisset per

or with what safety oould a single man have made his way through

tot gentes, dissonas sermone moribusquu ?

so many nations, differing in their language and manners ?

Igitur magis opinor, animum fuisse

I, therefore, rather believe, that his mind was

suopte ingenio temperatum virtutibus,

by its very nature furnished with virtucus dispositions,

non tam instructumque peregrinis artibus, quam

sad that he was not so much versed in foreign soiencee, as

tetrica ac triad disciplina veterum Sabiriorum,

m the ooarse and severe disoipline of the anoient Sabines,

quo genere nullum fuit quondam incorruptius.

than which olass none was in former times moro unoorrupted

A.udito nomine Numa, quamquam Romani

On hearing the name of Numa, although the R;nuu

M

[BOOK l*

TITUS IJVIU8.

patres videbantar opes inclinari ad Sabinos,

fathers saw that its balance of power would inoline to 'he Sabines,

rege sumpto inde, tamen, neque quisquain ausi

if% king mere chosen from them, yet, no one presuming

prseferre se, nec alium suse factionis, nec denique

to prefer himself, or any other of hie own party, or, in short,

quemquam patrum aut civium, illi viro, omnes

any one of the fathers or oitisens, to that person, they all,

d unum decernunt regnum deferendum

to a man, resolved that the kingdom should be oonferred on

Numte Pompilio. Accitus jussit,

Numa Pompilios. [u. o. HO, B.O. 713.] Being sent for he ordered that

*icut Romulus oondenda urbe adeptus est

as Romulus, on Ue found*ng of the oity, had obtained

regnum augurato, deos oonsuli

tbe sovereign power by an augury, so the gods should be oonsulted

quoque de se. Inde deductus

in like manner eoncerning himself. Upon this, being eonducted

in arcem ab augure,� cui id sacerdotinm

into the oitadel by an augur, (to which prof�*on that office

fait deinde publicum perpetuumque

was then mda a pnblio ons and perpetual

ergo honoris,� consedit in lapidem

by way of honor,) he sat down on a stone

versus ad meridiem; augur oepit sedem

faeing the south; the augnr took his seat

ad lavam ejus, capite velato, tenens

on Us left, with his head oovered,

dextra manu aduncum baculum sine nodo,

in his right hand a (rooked wand free from knots,

quern appellarunt lituum. Inde, capto prospectu

which they oalled " lituus." Then, taking a view

in urbem agrumque, ubi precatus deos,

owards the oity and oountry, after praying to the gods,

determinavit regiones ab orients ad occasum,

he marked ont the regions from east to west,

ad meridiem dixit esse dextras,

partes

'he parts

BOOK I.J

69

HISTORY OF HOME.

ad septemtrionem

thote toward the north

finivit animo

he Mt out in bis mind

oculi ferebant

bis eyes oould measure

translate lituo in lsevam manuin,

�avi*| shifted the lituua into his left hand,

Numse,

of Numa,

lsevas;

the left;

iignum,

a sign

conspectum.

the prospect

contra

and in front of Mat

quo longissims

as far as ever

Turn

Then

imposita dextra

laying his right han

precatus ita est:

he prayed in this manner

si est fas, ' huno

if it is thy will, that this

cujus caput ego teneo,

whose head I hold,

uti to adclarassis nobis

do thou, / beeeeek thee, display to us

inter eos fines, quos feci."

within those limits, which I have marked."

verbis auspicia,

in set terms the omens

quibus missis, Nurat

which he wished to be sent; and on their being sent, Numa

deciaratus rex descendit de templo.

king and oame down from the <

in caput

«n thj aaad

" Jupiter pater,

" 0 father Jupiter,

Numam Pompilium,

Numa Pompiliua,

esse regem Romse,

should be king of Rome,

certa signa

olear tokens of the tame

Turn ]>eregit

Then be stated

qu« vellet mitti;

XIX.�Ita potitus regno qui parat

Being thus put in possession of the kingdom, he sets about

eondere de integro, jure legibusque

establishing anew, upon the batie of justice and laws

ac moribus, eam urbem novam conditarv

and morals, the oity, recently established

vi et arm is. Cum videret animos,

hy riolence and arms. When he saw that their minds,

quippe efferari militia non posse assuescere

as being rendered ferooious by military life, oould not grow accastomed

quibus - inter bella, ratus

to these principles in the midst of wars, ke oonclude*

60

[book 1

TITU8 Livrus.

ferocem populum mitigandum desuetudine armorum

that a fierce people should be mollified by the disuse of arms.

Fecit Janum ad infimum Argiletum, indicem

He built the Janus, therefore, at the foot of Argiletum, at an inde*

paois belliqne, ut apertus significant

of peace and war, that, wken open, it might sbon

oivitatem esse in arm is, clansos omnee

the state was engaged in war, ttaea shot, that all

circa populoe pacatoe. Bis

the neighboring nations were at peace with *t. Twice

deinde post regnum Numse fuit clausus, seme!

odIy since the reign of Numa has it been shut, onoa

T. Minlio oonsule, post perfectum primnm

saftea T. Manlins teas eonsul, on the oonclusion of the first

Punicum bellum ; iterum, quod dii dederunt

Punic war; and a seeond time, which the gods granted

nostra setati ut videremus, ab imperatore

our age to see, by the Emperor

Augusto Csesare, post bellum Actiacura,

Augustus Csssar, after the battle of Aotium,

pace parta terra marique. Eo clauso, cum

peace being established on land and sea. This being shot, after

junxisset animos omnium finitimorum circa

he had secured the friendship of all the adjoining states around

societate ac foederibus, cutis periculorum

by alliance and treaties, atf apprchension of dangers

externorum positis, neanimi, quos

from abroad being removed, lest their dispositions, which

metus hostium que militaris disciplina

the fear of enemies and military disoipline

continuerat, luxuriarent otio,

had kitktrto restrained, should grow licentious by tranquillity,

ratus est, primum omnium metum deorum

e oonsidered, that, first of all, an awe of the gods

injiciendum,� rem efficacissimam

should be instilled into (ieas,� a prinoiple of the greatest efficacy

ad multitudinem imperitam, et rudem

with a multitude, ignorant and unsivilimwtf