living things classification
TRANSCRIPT
Classifying Organisms
Why Do Scientists Classify?
Classification is the process of grouping things based on their similarities. Biologists use classification to organize living things into groups so that the organisms are easier to study.
The scientific study of how living things are classified is called taxonomy.
Is it living or not?
MRS GREN
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MRS GREN
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Levels of Classification of living things
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Organisms aregrouped by their
sharedcharacteristics.
Invented by Linnaeus, a Swedish plant scientist (since modified)
Kingdoms
• Any grouping of organisms into kingdoms is based on several factors:– Presence of a nucleus– Unicellular or multi-cellular– How organisms get their food.
• Five different kingdoms of organisms are generally recognized by scientists today– Protists– Monerans– Fungi– Plants– Animals
The five kingdoms of living things
Why do you think they have been grouped this way?
Monera
Monera are single-celled organisms that don't have a nucleus (Prokaryote cells). Bacteria make up the entire kingdom. There are more forms of bacteria than any other organism on Earth. Some bacteria are beneficial to us, such as the ones found in yogurt. Others can cause us to get sick. Some monerans absorb nutrition from the environment around them (heterotrophs) and others photosynthesize to make their own food (autotrophs). Some monerans can move around, while others stay in one place. Monerans are asexual meaning they split in two to reproduce with identical offspring.
Protist
Protists are mostly single-celled organisms that have a nucleus (Eukaryote). They usually live in water. Some protists move around, while others stay in one place. Protists either absorb and ingest nutrition from their environment (heterotrophs) or photosynthesize to make their own food (autotrophs). Protists can be asexual (split in two to reproduce with identical offspring) or sexual (fertilisation happens to produce offspring combining genes of the parents).Examples of protists include some algae, paramecium, and amoeba.
Fungi
Fungi cells have a nucleus (Eukaryote) and all except yeast are multi-cellular.
They are usually motionless organisms. They reproduce sexually (fertilisation
happens to produce offspring combining genes of the parents) and are spread by
producing millions of microscopic spores. They cannot produce their own food so
feed on dead plants or animals and help to recycle their nutrients. Some fungi
are edible but some are very POISONOUS! Fungi live in all kinds of places
including your intestines and your feet! Most people have 80 types of fungus on
the heel of their foot alone. Some are beneficial to people (penicillin) and others
can make you sick (black mould). They include mushrooms, molds, and yeasts.
Mycelium
Fruiting body
Hyphae Athletes’ footIntestinal fungi
Plants
Plants cells contain a nucleus (Eukaryote) and are multi-cellular. They contain chlorophyll, a green pigment necessary for photosynthesis, a process in which plants convert energy from sunlight into food. Their cell walls are made sturdy by a material called cellulose, and they are fixed in one place. Plants reproduce sexually (fertilisation happens to produce offspring combining genes of the parents).Plants are divided into two groups: flower- and fruit-producing plants and those that don't produce flowers or fruits. They include garden flowers, agricultural crops, grasses, shrubs, ferns, mosses, and conifers.
Animals
Animals are the most complex organisms on Earth. Animals are multi-celled organisms, eat food for survival, and have nervous systems. Animas reproduce sexually (fertilisation happens to produce offspring combining genes of the parents).They are divided into vertebrates and invertebrates and include mammals, amphibians, reptiles, birds and fish.
Understanding Venn DiagramsWhat statements can be generated from this?
Understanding Venn Diagrams
What statements can be generated from this?
Understanding Venn Diagrams
What do these mean?
Your task
Now complete the Venn diagrams using the information provided in the slides about each of the kingdoms. You can also add ideas of your own. Below is some vocabulary you might find useful.
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Unicellular Multicellular
Asexual Sexual
Doesn’t move Moves
Autotroph Heterotroph
We know the kingdom. Now what?
We know the kingdom. Now what?
The next group to further
classify living things is the
Phylum.
In the animal kingdom, the two
phylum are invertebrates
and invertebrates.
Fun fact98% of all
animals are invertebrates!
Have a backboneHave a backboneNo
backboneNo
backbone
Your task
Create a two column table in your book titled ‘Vertebrates and Invertebrates. Write down the names of these animals under the appropriate heading.
How did you go?
We know the kingdom. Now what?
The next step is to group animals
by class.
Can you name two animals for
each class?
We know the kingdom. Now what?
Every class needs a little
order!
The class ‘Mammals’ has 26 orders in all.
Here are five examples.
We know the kingdom. Now what?
Families come next.
The order ‘Primates’ is
organised into 13 families.
We are part of the family called
Hominidae family
Family – Hominidae (great apes)
We know the kingdom. Now what?
Animals in the same genus are
very closely related.
Our genus is called ‘Homo’
and includes all great apes that
showed evidence of tool use, language
and culture leading up to our
own species.
Genus – Homo
We know the kingdom. Now what?
We made it! The species is each type of animal.
Our species is ‘Sapiens’ and we
are the only surviving
species of the homo genus.
Species - Sapiens
Binomial Nomenclature
• The Swedish scientist, Linnaeus, also devised a simplified system of naming organisms based on their classification: the first name shows the genus and the second the species to which the organism belongs, as in Panthera leo (the lion). This naming system is called binomial nomenclature.
• Therefore, our official title is Homo Sapien.
How can I remember all that!!!
A good way to remember lists is to make up a sentence using the first letters in a list. In this case we want to remember Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species: K, P, C, O, F, G, S
Here are some sentences:Kids Prefer Cheese Over Fried Green Spinach.Koalas Prefer Chocolate Or Fruit, Generally SpeakingKing Philip Came Over For Good SpaghettiKeeping Precious Creatures Organized For Grumpy Scientists
Or how about this...