living the urban periphery investment infrastructure and ... · iv wpsc 2016 1 living the urban...
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LivingtheurbanperipheryinvestmentinfrastructureandeconomicchangeinAfricancity-regionsSarahCharltonforUniversityoftheWitwatersrand(SoAP,CUBES,GCRO,SA&CP)andUniversityofSheffield
IVWPSC2016
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Livingtheurbanperiphery
3-yearresearchproject
• howtransformaLonintheperipheriesofAfricanciLesisshaped,governedandexperienced
• toinform– urbangovernance– strategiesforurbanpoverty
reducLon.
• ESRC+NRFfunding,(2016-2018)
Ø theneedforresearch
focusedontheperipheriesofAfricanciLes
Ø caseforamixedmethodsapproach,withafocusonlivedexperiences
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Casestudies:threeAfricancity-regions
(Bealletal2015) Ø Ethekwini(SA)
Ø Gauteng(SA)Ø AddisAbaba(Ethiopia)
– rapidbutvariableurbanisaLon
– concurrenteffortstoestablishworkablemetropolitanjurisdicLons
– varyingdynamicsofsegregaLonandintegraLon
– largeneighbourhoodsofnewstate-providedhousing
– large-scaleinfrastructureinvestmentinrecentyears
A
E
G
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1)PeripheriesofAfricanciLes
Spaceswherecomplexsocio-poliLcal,spaLalandeconomicprocessesareatwork
• spacesofdynamicchange,intervenLonanddecline
• areasaZracLngstateandnon-statedevelopments
• challengeofperipheralgovernanceandpovertyreducLon
Ourstudy
• peripheralgeographicallocaLons
• butrecognisingsubjecLvityin‘beingperipheral’
• notnecessarilyeconomically,poliLcallyorculturallyperipheraltothecity-region
– weincludewealthierinvestments,spacesofpowerandcomfortablewaysofliving
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1)PeripheriesofAfricanciLes:
underresearched,inadequatetheoreLcalframings
• framingsfocussedonlyongrowtharemisleading– edgescanbeplacesofeconomicand
populaLondecline.– governancecanbeweakerontheedge,or
dividedbetweenadjacentauthoriLes.
• ‘peri-urban’framingsalsolimited(Mbatha&Mchunu2016,Mbiba&Huchzermeyer2002)– asareasofdeprivaLon,poverty,lackofaccess
toservicesandinfrastructure– concepLonsfocusedonchangestolanduse
andfarming
• literatureonedgecitydevelopment(Stern&Marsh1997;McKee&McKee2004;Phelps2012)haslimitaLonswrtAfricanciLes– focusonprivatecar,privatesectorinvestment,
andtheperipheralisaLonofeconomicopportuniLesandfuncLons
Ø TheorisaLonsfromacontextualisedsouthernperspecLvearethusessenLal(Parnell&Robinson2012;Watson2014).
Ø Buildingonthesmall,butgrowing,researchexperLseonAfricanurbanperipheries– Bealletal2015;Mabinetal
2013;Todes2014;YnLso2008– includingrecentresearchon
‘globalsuburbanism’
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Casestudy:GautengcityregionPeripheries:examplesof
A. EconomicstagnaLonand/ordecline(manufacturingandmining)
B. ReinforcementofdistantapartheidseZlements
C. Privatesectorandstatenewinvestments
+
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B
A
A
C
C
A-EconomicstagnaLonand/ordecline(manufacturingandmining)B-ReinforcementofdistantapartheidseZlementsC-Privatesectorandstatenewinvestments
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A
A
C
C
B
Plannedhousingprojects(‘megaprojects’):manyareperipheral
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‘Wheredreamstakeroot’
• largescalehousingdevelopment
• economicbase?agriculture
• asignificantpopulaLonofverypoorpeople
• contextof– unemploymentand
joblessness– costly,Lme-consumingpublic
transport
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2)amixedmethodsapproach
comparaLveanalysisspanning• countries• primaryandsecondary
ciLes
casestudyapproach• city-regionsofGauteng,
eThekwiniandAddisAbaba.+• sub-casesforspecific
invesLgaLon– twosub-caseseachin
eThekwiniandAddisAbaba,threecasesinGautengcity(duetoitscomplexityandscale).
• nouniformcaseselecLoncriteriaforallthreecity-regions
• mindfuloflocalcontextand
dynamics
– allcasesperipherallylocated– eithersubstanLalpublicor
privateinfrastructureinvestmentsalongsideeconomicchange(growth/decline)
– expectaLon:suchprocesseswillimpactonresidents’livesincomplexways:importanceoflivedexperiencecomponent
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2)amixedmethodsapproach,withafocusonlivedexperiences
quanLtaLvemethods• staLsLcalanalysisand
mappingtoobtainbase-linedata(whatchangeishappening,whatinvestments,whatdevelopments)
+mixedqualitaLvemethods:keyinformants,andresidents
Ø ‘livedexperiences’:afocusonordinary,everydayfromtheperspecLveofdiverseresidents
Using:Ø narraLve-based,solicited
diariesalongsideotherqualitaLvemethodssuchasinterviewsandautophotography(Meth2003,2015b;Meth&McClymont2009).
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2)…afocusonlivedexperiences
Mixed,mulLmethods• ‘providesdifferentways
fordisclosuretotakeplace’Meth&McClymont2009
Canreveal– diversity,conLngency,
complexityinexperience– wayofallowing
expressiontoemergetorevealdifference,nuance,
– possibly..‘unpalatabletruths’
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Diaryextract,byVusiMajola,CatoCrest
AutophotographyHammondsFarm:Mengatheringaroundshebeen,Source:♂M
Examplesoffindingsfrom‘lived
experience’research1. Crime,violence,gender
dynamics-andspaLality
2. PosiLvedimensionsofstatehousinginacontextofconcernsaboutcosts,limitaLonsandfailures
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“TheviolenceatCatoCrestishappeningbetweenthefamilieswhentheyreceivetheRDPhouses.ThewomanandthemanarefighLngforthehouse…intheshackeverythingarefinefortheirrelaLonshipbutwhenthedevelopmentstartstheproblemalsostartandfighLngfortheownership…”(MandlaDiaryCC2015)
GautengandeThekwini:‘livedexperience’research
3.ComplexspaLalstrategiesashouseholdcopingdevices
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Inconclusion:Livingtheurbanperipheries
Afocusontheurbanperipheries– throughcomparaLvecasestudyandamixofmethods
– includingsomewhichexplore‘livedexperiences’
Ø howisurbanchangeintheperipheriesofAfricanciLes,focusingoninfrastructuralinvestmentsandeconomicchange,shaped,governedandexperienced,andhowdotheseprocessesthenimpactonurbanpoverty.
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