LIVING AND LIVING AND NONLIVING THINGSNONLIVING THINGS

BiologyBiology

Mrs. BonifayMrs. Bonifay

Living & Nonliving ThingsLiving & Nonliving Things

The difference between living and nonliving The difference between living and nonliving things are found by observing their things are found by observing their properties.properties.

Properties can describe how an object Properties can describe how an object

1. 1. lookslooks

2. 2. feelsfeels

3. 3. behavesbehaves All thingsAll things have properties. have properties.

Properties of Nonliving ThingsProperties of Nonliving Things

Both Both living and nonlivingliving and nonliving things have things have properties.properties.

Nonliving things have properties that you can Nonliving things have properties that you can see and feelsee and feel..

Unlike living things, nonliving things do not Unlike living things, nonliving things do not carry out carry out life activitieslife activities. They do not . They do not move, move, develop, or reproduce.develop, or reproduce.

Nonliving things are NOT made of Nonliving things are NOT made of cellscells..

Properties of Living ThingsProperties of Living Things

Living things carry out Living things carry out life activitieslife activities.. They They move, grow, and reproducemove, grow, and reproduce.. They They sense and reactsense and react to their to their environment environment

(surroundings)(surroundings) Another word for a living thing is an Another word for a living thing is an organism.organism. Both Both large large living things, like a human or tree, and living things, like a human or tree, and

small small living things, like bacteria, are organisms.living things, like bacteria, are organisms. BacteriaBacteria are the simplest organisms that carry out life are the simplest organisms that carry out life

activities.activities.

Organisms & OrgansOrganisms & Organs

An organism is a An organism is a complete, individualcomplete, individual living living thing.thing.

The The organ organ in in organismorganism comes from the Latin comes from the Latin word that means word that means “tool.”“tool.”

Just like a tool, an Just like a tool, an organorgan performs a certain job performs a certain job in living things.in living things.

Simple organismsSimple organisms, like bacteria, do not have , like bacteria, do not have organs.organs.

How Organisms Are ClassifiedHow Organisms Are Classified Living things can be Living things can be very differentvery different from one another. from one another. Scientists divide living things into Scientists divide living things into fivefive groups or groups or kingdoms.kingdoms. The five kingdoms are:The five kingdoms are: 1. 1. plantplant 2. 2. animalanimal 3. 3. protistprotist 4. 4. fungifungi 5. 5. moneramonera Most living things that we know are in the Most living things that we know are in the plant or animal plant or animal

kingdoms.kingdoms. TaxonomyTaxonomy is when organisms are classified. is when organisms are classified.

The Plant KingdomThe Plant Kingdom

PlantsPlants don’t move from place to place like don’t move from place to place like animalsanimals..

Plants make their own food, using Plants make their own food, using sunlight andsunlight and other substancesother substances around them. around them.

All plants have All plants have many cellsmany cells.. Many plants also have Many plants also have organsorgans..

The Animal KingdomThe Animal Kingdom

Animal Animal cannotcannot make their own food. make their own food. They get food from other They get food from other living thingsliving things.. Most animals move around to Most animals move around to capture orcapture or

gathergather their food. their food. Moving also helps animals Moving also helps animals find shelter, escape find shelter, escape

danger, and find mates.danger, and find mates. All animals have All animals have many cellsmany cells. In all animals . In all animals

except the except the spongesponge, these cells form , these cells form tissuestissues. In . In most animals, these tissues form most animals, these tissues form organsorgans..

The Protist KingdomThe Protist Kingdom

After the After the microscope microscope was invented, biologists was invented, biologists began to discover began to discover microorganismsmicroorganisms..

These microorganisms did not fit into either These microorganisms did not fit into either the the plant or animal kingdoms.plant or animal kingdoms.

Biologists put them in a separate kingdom Biologists put them in a separate kingdom called called protistsprotists..

Most protists have only Most protists have only one cellone cell. A few have . A few have many cellsmany cells..

More ProtistsMore Protists

Some protists Some protists make their own foodmake their own food. Others . Others absorb food from other sourcesabsorb food from other sources..

All protists carry out All protists carry out basic life activitiesbasic life activities.. AlgaeAlgae is an example of plant-like protists. is an example of plant-like protists.

Algae can Algae can make its own foodmake its own food and and is food for is food for other organisms. other organisms.

ProtozoansProtozoans are animal-like protists. They are animal-like protists. They behave like animals by behave like animals by getting food and getting food and moving.moving.

ProtozoansProtozoans

Protozoans can use Protozoans can use flagella, cilia, or flagella, cilia, or pseudopodspseudopods to move. to move.

Flagella are Flagella are whip-like tailswhip-like tails that help one-celled that help one-celled organisms move. organisms move. EuglenaEuglena is an organism that is an organism that has a flagellum.has a flagellum.

ProtozoansProtozoans

AmoebasAmoebas push out part of their cell which push out part of their cell which pulls the amoeba along. This is called a pulls the amoeba along. This is called a pseudopod. pseudopod.

ProtozoansProtozoans

ParameciumParamecium use use cilia cilia to move. Cilia are to move. Cilia are tiny tiny hair-like structureshair-like structures that move like boat that move like boat paddles.paddles.

The Fungi KingdomThe Fungi Kingdom

FungiFungi are organisms that have are organisms that have many cellsmany cells and and decomposedecompose material for food. material for food.

Examples of fungi are Examples of fungi are mushrooms and moldmushrooms and mold.. At one time, fungi were classified as At one time, fungi were classified as plantsplants

because they because they do not move around bydo not move around by themselvesthemselves. However, unlike plants, fungi . However, unlike plants, fungi do do not make their food.not make their food.

More FungiMore Fungi Fungi are important because of Fungi are important because of the way they get food.the way they get food. Fungi release Fungi release special chemicalsspecial chemicals on dead plants and animal on dead plants and animal

matter. matter. These chemicals break down the matter. This is called These chemicals break down the matter. This is called

decompositiondecomposition. . This decomposed material is either:This decomposed material is either: a. absorbed by the fungi ORa. absorbed by the fungi OR b. gets into the soil for plants and other organisms to b. gets into the soil for plants and other organisms to use.use.

More FungiMore Fungi

Some fungi are Some fungi are parasitesparasites.. Parasites absorb food from Parasites absorb food from living organismsliving organisms.. Examples of parasites are:Examples of parasites are:

a. Dutch Elm disease killing trees.a. Dutch Elm disease killing trees.

b. ringworm, which is a human skinb. ringworm, which is a human skin diseasedisease..

The Monera KingdomThe Monera Kingdom

MoneraMonera means alone. means alone. The The monera kingdommonera kingdom has only one kind of has only one kind of

organism.organism. Monerans are usually Monerans are usually one-celled organisms one-celled organisms

that do not have organellesthat do not have organelles.. Bacteria Bacteria are in the monera kingdom. Bacteria are in the monera kingdom. Bacteria

do not have do not have organellesorganelles..

BacteriaBacteria

Some bacteria cause Some bacteria cause disease, like strep throat.disease, like strep throat. Most bacteria are Most bacteria are harmless. harmless. Many are even Many are even

helpful.helpful. Bacteria also help to Bacteria also help to decompose the remains decompose the remains

of plants and animals.of plants and animals. People also use bacteria to make People also use bacteria to make cheese and cheese and

yogurt.yogurt.