livestock, livelihoods and the future of india’s smallholder farmers
TRANSCRIPT
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Livestock, livelihoods and thefuture of India’s smallholder farmers
12th Agricultural Science Congress
Sustainable Livelihood Security of Smallholder Farmers
National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India, 3–6 February 2015
Jimmy Smith Director General ILRI
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Why livestock matter globally for livelihoods
Smallholder agriculture
• 1.5 billion people liveon smallholder farms
• India has 130m small-holder farms (<4ha)
• Smallholders produce 80% or more of the food in Asia & SS Africa
• 43% or more of small-holders are women
Smallholder livestock
Up to 1 billion people depend on livestock for:
• livelihoods
• food security
• income
• cropping nutrientsand traction
• insurance
• managing risk
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Why this is a livestock‘moment’ for smallholders
Dramatic on-going changes open new opportunities fora more sustainable and equitablefuture for small food producers, processors, traders
With the right support, small-scalelivestock production systems can playa major part in creating a sustainable, healthy and equitable future for all
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BIG livestock opportunity #1
Fast-rising global demand for livestock products
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4 of 5 highest value global commodities are livestock
FAOSTAT 2014(values for 2012)
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Cow milk has overtaken rice
Eggs havedisplacedmaize
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Production value: India and South Asia
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net production value India (Int $) billion net production value other S.Asia (int $) billion
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Huge increases over 2005/7 amountsof cereals, dairy and meat will be needed by
2050From 2bn−3bntonnes cereals each year
From 664m−1bntonnes dairy each year
From 258m−460m tonnes meat each year
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Rising demand for meat, milk and eggs is a global phenomenon . . .
. . . but demand is greatest in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa
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Gains in meat consumption in developingcountries are outpacing those of developed
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Gains in meat consumption in developingcountries are outpacing those of developed
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developing at sameper cap. asdeveloped(hypothetical)
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Developing- vs developed-countryannual production to 2050
MILK:expectedto grow by1.8%(2% in S Asia)vs.0.3%in developed countries
MEAT: expectedto grow by> 3%
vs.0.4%in developed countries
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FAO, 2012Based on anticipated change in absolute tonnes of product comparing 2000 and 2030
Percentage growth in demandfor livestock products: 2000−2030
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FAO, 2012Based on anticipated change in absolute tonnes of product comparing 2000 and 2030
Percentage growth in demandfor livestock products: 2000−2030
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BIG livestock opportunity #2
Livestock and
cereal products
are produced
largely on
smallholder
mixed crop-and-
livestock farms
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Smallholders still dominatelivestock production in many countries
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Much of the world’s livestock food comes fromsmall mixed farms in developing countries
Herrero et al. 2009
Developing-country mixed crop-livestock systems, most of them smallholders, supplymuch of the world’s livestock products
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What’s special about animal/smallholder food?
• 90% of animal products are produced and consumedin the same country or region
• Most are producedby smallholders
• More than 70% of livestockproducts are sold ‘informally’
• 500m smallholders produce 80% of developing-world food
• 43% of the agriculturalworkforce is female
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BMGF, FAO, ILRI
Smallholders still dominatelivestock production in many countries
Region(definition of ‘smallholder’)
% production by smallholder livestock farms
Beef Chickenmeat
Sheep/goat meat
Milk Pork Eggs
East Africa(≤ 6 milking animals)
60-90
Bangladesh(< 3ha land)
65 77 78 65 77
India(< 2ha land)
75 92 92 69 71
Vietnam (small scale)
80
Philippines(backyard)
50 35
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BMGF, FAO, ILRI
Smallholders still dominatelivestock production in many countries
Region(definition of ‘smallholder’)
% production by smallholder livestock farms
Beef Chickenmeat
Sheep/goat meat
Milk Pork Eggs
East Africa(≤ 6 milking animals)
60-90
Bangladesh(< 3ha land)
65 77 78 65 77
India(< 2ha land)
75 92 92 69 71
Vietnam (small scale)
80
Philippines(backyard)
50 35
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Farm size and number of holdings: India
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Increasing farm size: USA(2.2 million holdings in 2007)
21
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BIG livestock opportunity #3
In 2011 Indian livestock contributed:26% of agricultural GDP 4% of total GDP
valued at INR4,59,051 crore (US$74 billion today)
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BIG livestock opportunity #4
This rising demand foranimal-source foodswill be met − one wayor another
We can meet thatdemand in sustainable,equitable and healthyways that also reducepoverty and hunger
This requiresproactive action
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Demand for livestock commodities will be met –the only question is how
Scenario #1India meets livestock demand by
importing livestock products
Scenario #2India meets livestock demand by
importing livestock industrial production know-how
Scenario #3India meets livestock demand by
transforming smallholder livestock systems
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Scenario #1: Bad news for India’seconomy, employment and livelihoods
Downsides of importations
• A huge import billstraining foreign exchange
• Little growth ofindigenous livestockenterprises
• Industrial-scale pollutionin developed countries
• Mass emigration of youth(and labour) fromdeveloping countries
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Downsides of industrial production
• Know-how restrictedto few enterprises
• Employment opportunities,esp. for women and youth, lost
• Increased demand for feedand water degradesnatural resources
• Environment pollutedand large financial costs
• Synergies of mixed systems lost
Scenario #2: Bad news for India’sequity, environment and economy
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Scenario #3: Good news for India’srural economic transformation
Upsides of smallholder transformation
• The coming livestock transitionsand consolidations can helpmillions improve their foodproduction as well as health,livelihoods and environments
• Of the world’s 1 billion smallholderlivestock producers, some:﹣1/3 will find alternate livelihoods﹣1/3 will succeed in the market﹣1/3 could go either way
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India has shown it can be done
India
moves
from
dairy
importer
to the
world’s
top milk
producer
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12th ASC technical sessions: Action to transform smallholder livestock agriculture
1 Livelihood security for smallholder farmers
2 Attracting and retaining youth in agriculture
3 Skill and human resource development for diversification in employment
4 Linking smallholder farmers with the market
5 Intensification of livestock production for smallholder and landless farmers
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12th ASC technical sessions: Action to transform smallholder livestock agriculture (cont.)
6 Group dynamics of smallholder farmers, SHG, producer companies
7 Mechanization and post-harvest technologies for small farmers
8 Natural resource management and climate change: international perspective
9 Policy issues for the protection of smallholder farmers
10 Empowerment of women in agriculture
11 Credit flow and insurance support to smallholder farmers
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Image credits
Slide #3: (left) Kolkata Trams, 2000s, by Bengali artist Rupban Chitrakar(via Kalarte) and (right) Cow Boy (IV) by Sekhar Roy (via US-India Art and Culture Exchange Center)
Slide #4: Cow and calf, by Jamini Roy (via MyArtTracker)
Slide #17: Sacred cows, by Vidushini (via Novica)
Slide #23: Untitled, by Kalam Patua (via Asia Art Archive)
Slide #25: Handcarved wood print block stamp of goat from India (via Etsy)
Slide #26: McDonalds ad for ‘chicken hamburgers’ in India
Slide #27: Kalighat painting (via Pinterest)
Slide #32: Gond painting, 2012, by Kaushal Prasad Tekam (via Pinterest)
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The presentation has a Creative Commons licence. You are free to re-use or distribute this work, provided credit is
given to ILRI.
better lives through livestock
ilri.org
Thank you!
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The presentation has a Creative Commons licence. You are free to re-use or distribute this work, provided credit is
given to ILRI.
better lives through livestock
ilri.org